An Arsenal for Contraband Control Medication Compliance Solutions
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BY DONNA ROGERS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
When Chris Barrett founded his New York City-based company sendapackage.com to send care packages to inmates in N.Y. state prisons, he had firsthand experience of what can happen to a package that’s not compliant with the rules. The idea for the business took form as the result of an incident after his younger brother got put away for 25 years in 2008 for a murder (he killed a man after shooting a pistol from a moving car) in Brooklyn, N.Y. Barrett took off from work and spent the better part of the day assembling items like clothing and food for his 19-year old brother. Compiling the mailing materials, which alone cost $20, hauling the heavy box, and paying postage wasn't all that was a hassle. Several items from his 4 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
well intentionedpackage were tossed in the trash upon arrival because they didn’t meet the stringent guidelines set by the prison. Among the items was a deodorant and a hermetically-sealed and sliced salami, that unbeknownst to him had wine as an ingredient. They each contained alcohol, which is on the prison’s forbidden list. The New York Department of Corrections and Community Supervision publishes a list, currently more than 20 pages long, of who can send what and how including what is permitted and what is not. “There are a lot of restrictions,” he says, “one almost needs some sort of degree” to figure it out and “I figured there had to be a better way.”
It is discouraging to send a package to loved ones in a prison, he says. “Eventually I started hearing that other people—wives and moms who didn’t know the rules, who didn’t have time to shopping—were having the same problem,” Barrett said in a 2013 New York Times interview. “I began to sense there was a need here, a real need.” With a background in website design and as owner of a string of cell phone retail stores, and after serving six years himself for a mob related gun charges, but with no experience in online sales, Barrett, 40, took a year to learn the business and to raise money. In late 2010, after several months of looking for an angel, he finally persuaded a Brooklyn businessman to fund his nascent venture with a personal check for $1.5 million.
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The online serThe company has a large selection of items from vice began with brand name grocery items to clothing, jewelry, clothing and food cosmetics and cassette tapes. and gradually added magazine subscriptions, watches, electronics, sunglasses and, in 2013, cigarettes. It ships to 90% of N.Y. State prisons and all items are vetted to the requirement list. Since the company cuts out the middleman, the prices are similar to purchasing items in a retail outlet. Barrett says he is different from a commissary. This is a care package delivery that comes from the outside. “We are not trying to compete,” he says. Sendapackage.com, which is dubbed “New York’s inmate superstore,” offers a variety of men’s and women’s clothing items, including an affordable Adidas sneaker that comes in at a price point of $49.99. “We give a better selection—40-plus types” of clothing, he details. In addition, they sell religious jewelry, soap, shampoo, cosmetics and more. There are brand name grocery foods you’d find at your local supermarbatteries for less than $35. R&B ket—from Campbell’s to Famous and hip-hop cassette choices are Amos to Little Debbie’s to TGIF available for $12.99. Some selecChips; Barrett says they try to distions are oldies from The Four tinguish themselves from the comTops, recent releases from Jay-Z or missary sizes and/or offerings. classics like Patti Labelle’s Greatest But another deficit in the items Hits. (These can’t be used in the inmates desire offered a big opporhighest security prisons.) tunity to the company. “We are Barrett has some help marketing inundated with letters from his firm. About 120 celebrities — inmates for music,” Barrett says. rappers, athletes and reality show With his connections in music as a stars—whom, he explains, underresult of a record label he owned, stand the struggle to send or he made a deal with Universal receive a package from prison, Records for cassette tapes that are have imparted a plug for his compreloaded with music. These caspany on his alternate web page settes are clear and have no screws sendapackage.tv. Barrett also gives and are made only for the prison back to the community, donating industry. The company markets 5% of proceeds through his charithe complete package—a clear ty, In Arms Reach, which benefits stereo cassette player, headsets and children of incarcerated parents. 6 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
Chris Barrett, left, founded sendapackage.com in 2010, after trying unsuccessfully to send a package to a prison.
The entrepreneur says that being incarcerated from age 18 to 24 was “a blessing;” it forced him to go into business for himself and kept him away from a 9-5 job. Today the seven-employee business ships packages from its Bronx, N.Y., warehouse to 58 state prisons, and he says he would like to expand into neighboring Pennsylvania—on track to happen in the months ahead. He also has plans to expand throughout the East Coast from Maine to Florida, and into Texas and the Midwest, and then California. The ultimate plan is to go national, he says. After paying for the inventory, the company earns about $800,000 a year. “Not a killing,” says Barrett, “but getting there.” Barrett, who has been partners in six businesses since he was released 16 years ago, is hopeful. “Most of our customers are woman. It’s difficult to hold down your life. They don’t have the luxury to shop and ship and pay postage—and then just to have everything thrown out,” he says. “I hope to change that.”
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BY BILL SCHIFFNER, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
NEW Technologies HIGHLIGHT SUMMER Correctional
CONFERENCES
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s the weather across the country continues to heat up so does the number of trade shows for the corrections industry. There is a plethora of equipment purchasing shows being held during the months of July and August. Here is a sampling of new technologies and products we’ve found on the show floors.
server back-end and a new, flexible front-end design. The key to the design functionality is the flexibility to integrate into or with any jail management system and to integrate into a variety of network environments, including virtualized envir o n m e n t s . l Commissary ctiona e e r r o C c n s Manager can State al Confere n r to adapt client e South ion Annu Ga. needs while also iat h, c a o n s s n bringing to bear new A Sava 20-23 accounting, manageJuly ment and ordering capabilities. www.trinityservicesgroup.com, 1.877.277.5452
COMMISSARY SOFTWARE Trinity’s Commissary Manager, reported to be a proven inmate commissary/banking system, has been updated with state-of-the-art software, including full use of SQL 8 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
MULTI-MEDIA TABLET SOLUTION Union Supply Group recently launched its new division, Union Supply Media, and its patentpending tablet solution, U-TAB7.
Union Supply Media is an affordable, cutting-edge technology package that enables offenders to order, download, store, rent and play digital content on tablets without the need for a network, kiosk or Internet connection, reports the company. They have also aligned with Correctional Education Association to utilize the U-TAB7 tablets to transform the delivery of education in the
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correctional classroom and better align inmates with modern technology by teaching them the skills needed for an interconnected world. www.unionsupplygroup.com, 1.310.603.8899
BULK CASHCOUNTING KIOSK TouchPay has deployed an enhanced version of their Intake Kiosk, which is utilized by correc-
tional facilities to electronically count arrestees’ coins and cash notes in bulk during the booking process. TouchPay’s Intake Kiosk is said to be the only solution available to correctional facilities that automates offender booking deposits by counting both coins and cash notes in bulk. All kiosk installation, training, reporting, maintenance, support, and cash pick-up services are provided to facilities at no cost. www.touchpaydirect.com, 1.866.204.1603
WIRELESS TABLET The Telmate Tablet is a wireless device specifically designed for corrections facilities that transforms the way inmates spend their time and helps improve public safety. The device allows inmates to communicate with their friends and family using the modern methods they’re familiar with, including secured messaging, photo sharing and more. www.telmate.com, 1.855.516.0115
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HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS Corizon provides client partners with high quality healthcare at an affordable cost. Through their mission to become ‘employer of choice,’ they report they
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make it a priority to attract and retain a talented, dedicated workforce whose commitment to patient care enables them to exceed client expectations. www.corizonhealth.com, 1.800.729.0069
ental M l a ence ction Corre are Confer . lo hc Healt mfield, Co Broo 0-21 July 2
HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS Wexford Health Sources provides medical, mental health, pharmacy, rehabilitation, utilization management, claims processing, and technology services to state, regional, and local
will create alarms based on lack of movement or reduction in oxygen, alerting staff and providing audible assistance in locating the inmate. The system operates on a radio frequency that will not interfere with corrections communications. www.alivelock.com, 1.402.421.SAFE
HEALTHCARE SERVICES MHM Services, Inc. (MHM) employs over 2,000 clinical, management, and support staff nationwide. They contract with government agencies in 14 states to provide a wide array of behavioral health and medical services in correctional facilities, state psychiatric hospitals, and other community settings. Their contracts are managed through a network of state and regional offices located throughout the United States. www.mhm-services.com, 1.800.416.3649
storage for those on-the-go or stay-at-home. www.smartstartinc.com, 1.800.880.3394
ALCOHOL BREATH TESTING Intoximeters has been supplying a full line of U.S.-made alcohol breath testing instruments in both the evidential and preliminary breath testing markets. Additionally, Intox provides com-
prehensive support through training in the operation and maintenance of its instruments and software. They report their extensive experience, performance and service have made them the global leader in breath alcohol testing. www.intox.com, 1.314.429.4000
SOFTWARE TOOLS clients across the country. The company helps governments, correctional facilities, and other institutions control inmate health care costs while maintaining quality of care. www.wexfordhealth.com, 1.412.937.5216
CORRECTIONAL HEALTHCARE Correct Care Solutions (CCS) was born out of a client’s need for a correctional healthcare solution. Today, CCS employs over 5,000 employees and cares for approximately 100,000 lives in 31 states. Through consumer demand, they have grown into a progressive and customer-oriented leader within the correctional healthcare field, the company reports. www.correctcaresolutions.com, 1.800.592.2974
INMATE MONITORING SYSTEM RiskWatch provides a discrete alternative to the intrusive selfinjury products. The RiskWatch 12 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
mmer e u S A ut APP Instit . g n i Train rleans, La New O ust 3-6 Aug
Northpointe is showcasing two new software tools called Jail Population Modeling (JPM) and Program Capacity Modeling (PCM). Both tools help corrections administrators make better informed
MONITORING DEVICE The IN-HOM S.M.A.R.T. Mobile has programmable testing windows to easily adapt to any monitoring program. The device will also accept a test any time the user or monitoring authority desires. With its new streamlined design, the G2 provides effortless transportation and
decisions regarding strategies for supervising the inmate population; evaluating the impact of policy decisions on future jail populations and, determining which populations to prioritize for internal programming needs based on available programming capacity in the facility. www.northpointeinc.com, 1.888.221.4615
MINI-TABLET One of JPay’s most popular products, the correctionsapproved JP4 is a state-of-the-art touchscreen mini-tablet with 8GB of memory. It ships preloaded with several apps, including a music player, an email
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application, an FM tuner, and two puzzle games. At $49.99, the JP4 is an affordable way to support loved ones at participating facilities. www.jpay.com/PMusic.aspx, 1.800.574.5729
ALCOHOL MONITORING SCRAM Continuous Alcohol Monitoring (CAM) is the most widely used CAM product in the world, according to its developer.
only, certified Kosher and have zero trans fat. www.jiffyfoodservice.com, 1.734.372.0289
SOLID SANITIZER
Extensively peer-reviewed and court validated, SCRAM sets the bar as a proven deterrent to drinking. On any given day, SCRAM CAM generates an average 99.3% Sober Days rate, meaning that 99.3% of all offenders being monitored by the product are sober and fully compliant with court orders. www.alcoholmonitoring.com, 1.800.557.0861
Sentinel is an effective multipurpose no-rinse sanitizer when used at 1oz. per 16 gallons of warm water. it is accurately dispensed by dissolving in water at time of use. It is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. www.sunburstchemicals.com, 1.800.899.7627
AUTOMATED COMPOSTING Big Hanna is an onsite, in-vessel, aerobic composting machine. The automated, continuous
e ferenc n o C r umme City, Utah S A C A ake Salt L ust 15-20 Aug
SOLAR SOLUTIONS ican Amer od Service Fo e ional Conferenc t c e r r al Co ation is, Mo. n r e t In u St. Lo 10-14 st Augu
solar thermal hot water and space heating systems in offender housing facilities at the Ross Correctional Institution in Chillicothe, Ohio. The Ross Correctional project is the largest non-utility solar thermal installation in North America utilizing 400 of the company’s SunQuest 250 solar thermal collectors. Solar America Solutions, LLC and its SunQuest product line, specialize in highly efficient and renewable solar thermal energy solutions for government, industrial and commercial applications that they say regularly save end users 40%-50% of their monthly heating costs. www.solaramericasolutions.com, 1.317.833.9961
Solar America Solutions is in the process of completing the largest non-utility solar thermal installation in North America, providing
process produces pathogen free, ready compost from food wastes, including fish, meat and dairy solids. It can operate in warm and cold climates, indoors and outdoors. Capacities range from 330 lbs. to 5,300 lbs. per week. Big
BAKING MIXES Jiffy’s branded CMC branded baking mixes have been developed specifically for the food service industry. CMC mixes are available in 25- and 50-lb bags. This line of mixes are: add-water14 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
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Hanna is well suited for use in correctional institutions, providing savings and work opportunities. In the U.S., two Big Hanna model T240s are installed at Noble Correctional Institution in Caldwell, Ohio. www.ec-all-ltd.com, 1.612.237.0831
WATER MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL I-CON’s NEXUS Controller is at the heart of their water man-
agement system, designed to increase security and improve water conservation by up to 70% in a correctional facility setting. The NEXUS controller operates as a standalone or communicating eight input/eight output controller used to control up to eight lavatory, shower or flush buttons and valves. Multiple controllers can be networked and linked into an I-CON ENVISAGE powered computer
system for maximum control of a facilties’ plumbing system. Control lockouts, set run times and control the savings. www.i-con.com, 1.407.365.6241
GREEN CLEANING SOLUTIONS The CorrectPac System offers a complete line of products for correctional facilities. CorrectPac is always mixed one pac to a bucket, bottle or tank of water—eliminating the math and guesswork associated with bulk materials, provides standardization of operations, and results in safer and more accurate use of chemicals. Simply fill containers to their proper level with water, open one pac and pour. www.portionpaccorp.com, 1.312.226.5400
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE GreenPrisons is a resource for corrections practitioners and providers of sustainable products and services. The online resources available at GreenPrisons.org
include webinars, informational facility profiles, and industry references such as glossaries, and links to other green organizations. www.GreenPrisons.org, 1.859.523.4736 16 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
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BY DONNA ROGERS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
of those incarcerated do
not comply with taking their meds due to a plethora of reasons—they could be elsewhere in the facility during delivery, their record may not be updated, they may want to “cheek” them to trade later, or they may simply be uninformed about the reason they need to take them. “Many people we see never had a conversation about their healthcare,” points out Dr. 18 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
Harold Orr of Corizon. “Because of that, they are not well instructed or in tune with what can be an informative healthcare intervention.” In some cases, noncompliance is completely due to the inmate’s failure to follow what is prescribed, in other cases some blame may fall on the corrections agency, say the experts. The National Commission on Correctional Health Care, the
The most successful facilities in terms of medication compliance are those where medical and security are partners in medication delivery, says Martha Ingram, RN, of Wexford.
independent, not-for-profit organization that sets voluntary standards for healthcare including those that cover pharmaceutical operations and medication services, tells CF it has found common areas where compliance is of concern. Most notably, recording keeping of inmate medications is an area where facilities fall short. “Facilities may fail to maintain records to ensure adequate control or accountability for all med-
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ications,” they say. NCCHC states that another area where compliance falls short is in “maintaining procedures for the timely procurement, dispensing, distribution, accounting and disposal of pharmaceuticals. The responsible health authority should carefully monitor the timeliness of the patient receiving prescribed medication once ordered by a provider. Without timely procurement and back-up procedures, the delay can often be several days.” NCCHC furthers that conducting regular inspections of the medication area is an area of concern. “When there is no staff pharmacist, a consulting pharmacist must be used for documented inspections and consultation on a regular basis, but not less than quarterly. All off-site locations must be included in the inspection schedules. This inspection should be documented for each location where medications are stored in the facility, including satellite locations.” A registered nurse with “boots on the ground” says that in her job with Wexford Health Sources she encounters inmate behaviors such as cheeking, throwing meds away, hoarding meds, trading meds, purposefully creating distractions in attempts to "trip" the nurse up, etc. “on a daily basis.” Martha Ingram, RN, Wexford’s director of quality, relays a favorite example she saw at a site in which the nurses passed meds through a window to a med line which lined up outside. As Ingram would enter the medical department on the way to work, it was necessary to walk by this outside area. She would see numerous medications that inmates spit out littering the grassy area. “While the nurse was having the inmate open their mouths, because she was observing through a plexiglass window it was extremely easy to hide/ tongue medications.” The most successful facilities in terms of medication compliance are those where medical and security are partners in medication delivery, she furthers. Working with facility administration at this site, an officer was positioned at the med window and alleviated the problem. The grassy area is now just green, she quips. Security truly plays an important supportive role in medication delivery systems, Ingram continues. This includes ensuring inmates are available on pods, restricting movement during med pass to minimize chaos and thus distractions for the nurse. When security is effectively "manning" the med line it allows nurses to concentrate on medication pass versus the inmate’s behavior. Nursing education in extremely valuable to the process as well, she points out. “Nursing in corrections is most definitely a specialty, in my opinion. In my experience, nurses, by nature are not programmed to be on guard with their patients. Our environment is loud, often chaotic and can be full of distractions.” Unlike in a hospital situation, douVISIT US AT WWW.CORRECTIONSFORUM.NET
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ble-checking a chart in a correctional environment can be more complicated. “What might take a nurse two minutes to do on a hospital unit can be a 30-minute interruption to a correctional unit med pass. Stopping the line, securing her cart, returning to medical and retrieving the chart all take precious time and impact the security operations of the unit.” “Electronic medical records are one of the ways to overcome issues on the med line,” she continues. “[They] are extremely advantageous in the ability to quickly access patient medical information and thus minimize the time it takes to clarify orders, investigate missing medication etc. The more promptly the nurse can investigate, the more likely he/she will investigate.” Unfortunately, she notes, EMRs are not available in all her client sites, but reports their use is growing.
Diverting Pills Inmates have historically tried to divert medication that is administered to them by hiding it in their mouth and retrieving it later (“cheeking”), notes Kerry Kelley, director of Pharmacy Services, NaphCare, Inc.. He says NaphCare’s nursing staff is trained to closely observe the medication passes and be as certain as possible that the medication is actually swallowed to eliminate this possible avenue of diversion. If appropriate, he adds, a medication may be crushed and floated in liquid to prevent cheeking. Also, some medications are available in a rapidly dissolving formulation, which also eliminates cheeking. Kelley points out that NaphCare’s Pharmacy is an internal division of the company allowing it to be more intimately involved with, not only the dispensing, but also the administration and the inventory of the drugs. Dispensing medications to the inmates in jails is regulated by the respective state boards of 20 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
pharmacy as well as the Federal Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). NaphCare complies with the respective regulatory authorities in the respective states, he says. Medications are dispensed in bubble cards for ease of administration and storage on the med carts. To facilitate the ordering and monitoring of the drugs to be dispensed, NaphCare uses its proprietary eMAR system called TechCare to record the prescriptions onto the offenders’ record. It also accumulates drug administration data that permits it to analyze appropriate re-ordering of drugs. The monitoring of the information retrieved via TechCare helps to assure that compliance is complete and documented, he emphasizes. Clark County Detention Center, Las Vegas, with an average 2014 daily population of just over 3,800 inmates has a high recidivism rate, explains Captain Michael See, Detention Services Division. He says one of their most effective methods of managing the medication process is their use of NaphCare’s Medication Administration Record (MAR), TechCare, within their electronic medical records system. NaphCare personnel also work closely with their corrections officers to verify the identity of the inmate before medications are dispensed, he says. The former all-manual system was much slower, with many delays, he says. This speeds up the process in various ways. For example, intake staff can go directly to the offender’s previous record for an initial medical assessment, quickening the assessment timeframe. Also, if an inmate refuses medication, staff can annotate that in the patient record. If he/she refuses for three consecutive days it will automatically prompt counseling from a trained medical staff. It will also provide data such as the day, time and the provider that they refused if the case is challenged.
Cpt. See says that the system has provided them better care in medication pass over the past six years, and they have recently extended TechCare to a new process for discharge meds (it’s too new for results). He concludes: “In the last six years, for any question that has arisen, I can get that information in a matter of minutes. Before it took days.”
Missing Meds Some corrections departments have expressed concerns about their medication delivery because of extemporaneous packaging, says Bob Braverman, and they complain that they experience “shrinkage in the pipeline.” Braverman is director of marketing with Medi-Dose/EPS, which for 40 years has been used by facilities of all sizes to package solid oral, unit dose medications. He says using the unique ColdSeal technology, the Medi-Dose System is simple to use and requires no special in-service training or equipment. It can be used on “a shoe string budget,” can accommodate small and large capsules associated with AIDs meds, and because “it contains no metal and no glass it is ideal for a correctional setting.” Braverman details the system is suited for small agencies as a primary pharmaceutical delivery program, and is best used at a large facility with thousands of beds as a complementary system. Printing is flexible. Customers can use the standard software to print bar codes on the package— either linear or 2D bar codes— and can also print any graphics the corrections agency wants. The agency can also use the software to filter the information to ascertain the number of pills, packed by whom with data and time stamp. While the system offers an effective way to unit dose and bar code pharmaceutical inventory, it is not meant to preclude inmates from hoarding the meds and trad-
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ing later, Braverman notes. “That is accomplished through proper supervision in the infirmary or clinic where it’s dispensed.” Different jails/prisons have different methods of dispensing medications, says Dr. Orr of Corizon. Some use DOT or directly observed therapy whereby
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trained personnel observe the inmate take the pill and document it in a MAR. Others use the KOP or keep on person method, whereby inmates are given a larger supply to take on their own. Orr sees various reasons inmates won’t or don’t comply in taking medications. If the inmate
refuses to take them three days in a row, he says, that person is brought in front of a commission to find out why. He says they may not want to pay, they may have side effects (and an adjustment can be made), or they may be working in a kitchen all night, for instance, and they are sleeping when the pills are administered, which is understandable, he says. Perhaps they can be accommodated by getting pills in the afternoon or evening. “Most important is to listen to them, and find out why they are not complaint with their meds. Frequently that’s all it takes.” We have a layered system with a series of check and balances and various levels of intervention, including policies to deal with the severely mentally disabled, Orr says, but “they can cheat the meds, and that's to their detriment. You can’t force anyone to take it. They are adults. You can’t lose sight of that.”
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BY ELIZA BARCLAY
and jails across the U.S., punishment can come in the form of a bland, brownish lump. Known as nutraloaf, or simply “the loaf,” it’s fed dayafter-day to inmates who throw food or, in some cases, get violent. Even though it meets nutritional guidelines, civil rights activists urge against the use of the brick-shaped meal. Tasteless food as punishment is nothing new: Back in the 19th century, prisoners were given bread and water until they’d earned with good behavior the right to eat meat and cheese. But
IN MANY PRISONS
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the loaf is something above and beyond. Prisons and jails are allowed to come up with their own version, so some resort to grinding up leftovers into a dense mass that’s reheated. Other institutions make loaves from scratch out of shredded and mashed vegetables, beans and starches. They’re rendered even more unappetizing by being served in a small paper sack, with no seasoning. Prisoners who’ve had the loaf hate it. Johnnie Walton had to eat it in the Tamms Supermax in Chicago. He describes it as “bland, like cardboard.” Aaron Fraser got the loaf while he was serving time from 2004 to 2007
in several different institutions for a counterfeit-check scheme. He loathed it. “They take a bunch of gook, like whatever they have available, and they put it in some machine,” Fraser says. “I would have to be on the point of dizziness when I know I have no choice [to eat it].” No one knows exactly how many institutions use it, but Benson Li, the former president of the Association of Correctional Food Service Affiliates, estimates that the number is over 100. At least 12 states—including California, Texas and New York— serve it in state-run institutions, as do dozens of municipal and
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J-A 14 p24-26 punish_master template 7/29/14 10:59 AM Page 25
county jails across the country. In Pennsylvania state prisons, “food loaf” is made with milk, rice, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, oatmeal, beans and margarine. The Clark County Jail in Washington State serves a version with most of those ingredients plus ground beef or chicken, apples and tomatoes. Law enforcement says the loaf isn’t so bad. “It’s a food source, it contains all the vitamins and nutrients and minerals that a human being needs,” says Milwaukee County Sheriff David Clarke, who has used the loaf in his jail for five years. “It’s been approved by the courts. I’ve had it myself— it’s like eating meatloaf.” But prisoners who misbehave don’t just get it once. They have to eat it at every meal, for days or weeks at a time. That’s why it works as a deterrent, says Sheriff Clarke. “If you’re up on a first degree murder charge, or some serious sexual assault of a child, you don’t have much to lose in jail,”
the loaf over and over again probably makes people miserable. They might be a little nauseated by it, they’re craving other foods,” says Pelchat. And it can sometimes stop prisoners from eating altogether. “It’s very difficult to consume enough calories to keep your weight up if you’re on a boring diet,” says Pelchat. Which is why human rights advocates say it’s unethical to use food as punishment in this way. “Given that food is clearly recognized as a basic human need to which prisoners are constitutionally entitled, restrictions on food, taking away food has always been sort of legally right on the line,” says David Fathi, director of the National Prison Project for the American Civil Liberties Union. There’s no guidance from the government on using the loaf, but the American Correctional Association, which accredits prisons and sets best practices for the industry, discourages using food
says Clarke. “But when we started to use this in the disciplinary pods, all of a sudden the incidence of fights, disorder, of attacks against our staff started to drop tremendously. The word got around—we knew it would. And we’ll often hear from inmates, ‘please, please, I won’t do that anymore, don’t put me in the disciplinary pod, I don’t want to eat nutraloaf.’” Scientists say it’s the monotony of eating the loaf that’s the real punishment. Marcia Pelchat is a physiological psychologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. She says humans have evolved to crave a variety of food. “Having to eat 26 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
as a disciplinary measure. The Federal Bureau of Prisons says it has never used the loaf in its facilities. Still, the loaf persists in other parts of the corrections system, and no agencies or organizations are keeping track of where and how often it’s used. So Benson Li, the former president of the Association of Correctional Food Service Affiliates and the food service director at the Los Angeles County Jail, offered to help us [NPR} find that out. At a recent meeting of the association, Li conducted an informal survey at the request of NPR. About 40 percent of the prisons and jails that responded said their use of the loaf is dimin-
ishing, 30 percent said they do not use nutraloaf and about 20 percent said their use was about the same or slightly growing. Li says that overall, the results suggest that the loaf is gradually being phased out. “[Prisons and jails] are using less or some of them are using sparingly—maybe just two to three times in the last year,” he says. Li thinks that one of the reasons for this is that prisoners have been challenging the loaf in the courts. “You have seen a lot of different inmate claims and lawsuits against the Eighth amendment in different states,” he says. One of the provisions of the Eighth amendment is that “cruel and unusual punishment” not be inflicted on prisoners. And so the prisoners filing these suits are hoping the courts will rule that chewing on loaf, day after day, is unconstitutional. And believe it or not there is precedent: In the 1970s, the Supreme Court ruled that a potatoey prison paste called grue should be outlawed under the Eighth amendment. The loaf has held up better than grue. Of the 22 cases brought since the beginning of 2012 alone, none have succeeded. But Li’s informal survey suggests that the court cases are making the corrections industry increasingly squeamish about serving it. And Fathi of the ACLU says this is part of a bigger transformation happening in the industry. “The fading of the use of nutraloaf is part of a larger longterm trend toward professionalization and in most respects, more humane conditions of confinement,” he says. © 2014 National Public Radio, Inc. NPR News report titled, “Food As Punishment: Giving U.S. Inmates ‘The Loaf’ Persists” by Eliza Barclay was originally published on NPR.org and broadcast on “Morning Edition” on January 2, 2014 and is used with the permission of NPR. Any unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited.
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BY MICHAEL GROHS, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
PHOTO COURTESY OF U.S. ARMOR
How stab vests stack up in corrections use.
C
orrectional officers know the threat is always there: improvised weapons made out of pretty much anything that can appear in the blink of an eye and cause injury or death. According to the National Law Enforcement Officer’s Memorial Fund, there have been 571 correctional officers killed in the line of duty. Stab resistant vests might at least help put an officer’s mind at ease and perhaps save his or her life. It is not necessarily a matter of just going out and buying one, though. There is red tape. There is the expense. There is also not much data in regards to corrections. Corrections unions across the country—and agencies around the world—are petitioning for the expanded use of vests. The union that represents Maine’s correctional officers has
asked legislators to allocate $150,000 for the use of stab vests for the state’s 600 COs. As of yet, a decision has not been made. In September 2000, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) released the standard for the resistance of personal body armor—the NIJ Standard-0115.00 (The Standard). The Standard, which was developed over a three-year period involving the Office of Law Enforcement
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Standards, the U.S. Secret Service, and the Police Scientific Development Branch of the United Kingdom, established the nation’s first minimum performance requirements for stab and puncture resistance for body armor. It categorizes body armor into two classes: spike, which measures puncture resistance, and edged blade, which measures slash resistance. Both classes have three levels for which the armor CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 27
ESSENTIAL PUNCTURE PROTECTION Taurus correctional armor from Armor Express provides corrections officers essential puncture protection from prison shanks and spikes and is extremely lightweight and flexible. Soft armor comes protected in a seamsealed ripstop pad cover. Each configuration is certified to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standards, as well as vigorously tested inhouse at its Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL). During testing, the company says, it goes above and beyond the anticipated testing protocols in order to ensure that its armor products are “second to none.” www.armorexpress.com, 1.866.357.3845, or sales@armorexpress.com
BALLISTIC + STAB U.S. Armor’s BSII2 is NIJ 0115.00 and .04/.05 Certified and offers Ballistic Level II and Stab Level 2 protection for those working in the custodial environment. Standard features include shirt tails, a soft trauma plate insert, a removable, washable panel carrier in male and female size options, easy access closure system for simplified panel access, and a 6-point elastic and removable VELCRO closure system.
LIGHTWEIGHT CORRECTIONAL The Lightweight Correctional Vest is a stabresistant vest that offers an officer additional side and shoulder coverage from stab/slash weapons without impeding the officer’s speed and mobility. The vest offers full front, back, side, shoulder, and neck protection offered by a permanent stab-resistant collar. The vest also comes with a 300 lb. capacity drag bar on the back panel for use in rescue operations.
TACTICAL CORRECTIONAL VEST The Tactical Correctional Vest is designed for protection during cell entry and riot control. The vest has the unique feature of a detachable shoulder yoke that provides additional anti-stab protection from to the upper neck and shoulder area. The vest offers Spike Level 1, 2 and 3 protection, stab and blunt force protection and was designed to offer high mobility. www.usarmor.com, 1.800.443.9798 or sales@usarmor.com
28 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
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is tested. The NIJ also administers a compliance testing program (CTP) to ensure that ballistic and stab resistant vests sold to law enforcement and corrections are effective. This testing is conducted by a NIJ-approved laboratory, and the armor is placed on the appropriate compliant product list (CPL). The list of models compliant with the current versions of the Standard can be found on the Stab Armor Compliant Product List. Jack Harne, physical scientist at the Office of Science & Technology, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice notes that both standards (there is another standard for ballistics) are currently under revision. The revised standards are expected to be published in either 2015 or 2016. “One of the major goals of the revision of the stab standard is to make the exemplars against which an armor model is tested more reflective of the real threats that
an officer may encounter on the street or in the institution,” he notes. Anyone in corrections knows that there are myriad threats, and NIJ is funding Wayne State University to characterize them and develop a set of exemplars based on those characterizations. Over a thousand weapons were sampled in the study. The 50 most dangerous are currently being characterized for exemplar design. The NIJ has also funded WSU and the University of Southern California to objectively investigate the prevalence of stab and slash wounds and the resulting degree of injury. NIJ is further funding the two universities to investigate the effects wearing soft body armor has on the core body temperature of the officer wearing it while in the work environment. While the primary focus of the study is law enforcement, Harne says, “The findings and potential recommendations arising from this
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research should be largely applicable to any officer wearing body armor.” Both studies are expected to be completed no later than December 2015. Chad Keller, marketing director at U.S. Armor, a Santa Fe Spring, Calif.-based creator of vests used by, among other institutions, corrections officers, explains that currently the testing is measured as a Spike 1, 2, or 3, which is categorized by the amount of energy the vest can repel. The testing is done when a piston drives an ice pick into the vest. (An ice pick, says Keller, is the highest amount of threat, and the tests will cover anything below that threat level.) Even the angle at which the pick is driven is standardized. If a certain amount of millimeters are penetrated, the vest is classified a fail. Tracking the statistics and use of vests in corrections is complicated. Keller points out that there are many statistics on the success rate of ballistics, but not as much
CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 29
tracking of information in regards to corrections. Says Harne, “No empirical data is available in the published literature on the context of using armor in correctional settings, including the types of armor in use, variations in needs across different correctional officer personnel, training on proper use and maintenance of armor, and appropriate times for using or not using armor.” He furthers that
lection of information will provide the first national level data estimates of the use of body armor by correctional officers in state and federal facilities and will identify the barriers of using armor as well as approaches to overcoming those barriers. This project is expected to be completed by the summer of 2016. The rules and laws regarding vests also vary. While correctional officers in some facilities are peti-
There is a process to recapture some of those costs. The Bulletproof Vest Partnership was created by the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998. Since then, the program has reimbursed more than 13,000 jurisdictions over $375 million for over 1 million vests. In order to qualify for the grant, the agency receiving the funds must have a written mandatory wear policy for uniformed patrol offi-
there are ongoing NIJ-funded research projects from both the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) and the Center for Naval Analysis (CNA) that are “aimed at collecting statistical information from criminal justice agencies and industry through data collections from nationwide surveys that will begin to address these questions, at least in part.” The CNA, says Harne, is conducting research on “correctional officer safety equipment modalities available to correctional facilities.” The types of equipment used and the way in which it is used vary. The research will provide the first national estimates of the types of equipment modalities used by correctional officers as well as an assessment of the equipment used. The national estimates are expected in late 2016. The NORC research, says Harne, “is looking at the decision-making factors influencing the wearing of body armor among correctional officers.” He anticipates that the proposed col30 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
tioning to get them, in other facilities, such as the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), vest use is mandatory. Bill Sessa of the CDCR states, “CDCR requires all of its custody officers and all of the medical technicians who work with inmates to wear anti-stab vests.” That is a total of about 26,000 vests. Methods of maintaining the vests are actually taught to cadets in the academy. “We consider the anti-stab vests to be a basic piece of equipment for all custody staff who come into regular contact with inmates.” Sessa furthers that the department uses several types of vests: stab, ballistic, combo, and structured ballistic, which are used only by female officers. Says Sessa, in FY 2013/2014, the CDCR spent approximately $3,355,250 total on protective vests: $2,676,675 on stab, $48,130 on ballistic, $622,385 on combo and $8,060 on structured ballistic. “It is an ongoing operational expense and has been for many years.”
cers. Keller furthers that in order to qualify for a grant, an institution should install a mandatory wear policy and involve restrictions that will be closely monitored as a way to qualify for money. Harne furthers, “Use of the NIJ standards and enrollment of body armor models in the CTP are voluntary. However, federal grant funds to purchase body armor may be conditioned on the armor model purchased being compliant with the appropriate NIJ standard. This includes armor purchased with Bullet Proof Vest Partnership grant funds, Justice Assistance Grant funds, and FEMA grant funds.” Maintenance of the vests is critical. Elements such as heat, moisture and wear such as creasing can jeopardize the integrity of the vest. A stab vest, much like a sheet of paper, if folded over and over, can cause a point of weakness. Furthermore, if the vest is stabbed, says Keller, it should be replaced. Sessa notes that the vests that are used at the CDCR are replaced every five years.
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RETROFIT OR PURCHASE NEW? SOME GUIDELINES ASSIST IN MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICE.
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tions, and additional years if started once per day (up to 18 years). The latest T8 fluorescent lamps, when used with program start ballasts that are operated 24/7 are now rated at 84,000 hours, with 85+% lumen maintenance, which is better than LED retrofit tubes of today’s generation. Cost of the fluorescent T8’s are less than $5 on any state lamp contract.
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It is estimated that LED technology will mature around 2020, which is when no further advances can be made for this technology. Until then, there will be an LED evolution, and products purchased now may be obsolete shortly. Replacements may not be available if the warranty period (usually only five years) Continues on page 37
CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 31
J-A 14 P32-37 foodservice_master template 7/29/14 11:07 AM Page 32
PHOTO COURTESY OF TIGER CORRECTIONAL SERVICES
BY G.F. GUERCIO, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
From “Loaf” to Layer Cake Easier prep, safe serving, balanced meals— and balanced budgets— are the icing on the cake. As use of The Loaf diminishes, the quality of food, prep, products and kitchen essentials climbs. Advancements in food storage, warming, washing and serving tools are all a part of the better tasting, more attractive food served. And companies that provide food services note that in addition to specialty meals for specific dietary needs, there is no mystery meat, but there is a dessert on every tray or line.
Service & PreP FOOD SERVICE PROVIDER Tiger Correctional Services recognizes the importance of serving appetizing, wholesome meals, regardless of budget. The Tiger kitchen staff provides meals with protein, vegetables, bread, drink, and dessert, without any filler or nutra-loaf type product. Specific diets for health/religious reasons are included. As a m i n i m u m requirement the paid staff maintains certification in the ServSafe Food Handler Program, and Tiger manager are routinely evaluated for adherence to company policy and procedures. www.tigercommissary.com, 1.877.844.3726 32 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
PRODUCE WASH Since fresh fruits and vegetables are a part of the menu, XGreen is a quick, easy way to wash and serve produce every day. The new X-Green system from Duke Manufacturing Co.
decreases bacteria on produce surface by up to 99 percent while reducing labor time. X-Green’s natural wash agent leaves no aftertaste and improves the crispness and visual appeal of produce. The X-Green system offers
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innovative features to help improve quality and verify food safety compliance such as: Automatic injection of wash agent to ensure correct pH levels, programmable wash cycles, timer alarms to signal cycle completion so staff can multi-task, and statistical reporting and labeling for food safety compliance. www.dukemfg.com, 1.800.735.3853
CYCLES TO FREEZE, THAW, COOK & MORE The MultiFresh from Irinox USA can blast chill, shock freeze, low-temperature cook, proof, and thaw. Choose from four set cycles
able ventilation to take frozen food to positive temperature without damaging the structure. www.irinoxusa.com, 1.508.230.5818
TRAY WASHER WITH SECURITY PACKAGE Insinger’s Trac 321-2 Single Tank Tray Washer with security package is specifically designed to clean and sanitize compartment
efiting the rinse-water temperature to the booster system. The FT1000 Advansys BD and Energy Recovery models include automatic clean, delime and soil removal features. www.hobartcorp.com, 1.888.446.2278
TRIPLE-TANK TRAY WASHER
trays. Insinger manufacturers the only National Sanitation Foundation-approved tray washer in the industry. It operates with only one person with the addition of the optional Tray Dryer, Tray Stacker and/or Tray Scrapper. Designed for left or right hand travel as specified. www.insingermachine.com, 1.215.624.4800
NEW FLIGHT-TYPE IN THREE MODELS
to chill or freeze foods of varying density. Low-temperature cooking allows the cycle to run during the night, so in the morning the food is cooked and either blast chilled, shock frozen, or ready to serve at desired temperature. The proofing cycle preserves leavened dough, allowing it to rise (during the night if preferable) and holds it until time to cook. The rapid thawing cycle employs a combination of temperatures and suit-
Hobart debuts its FT1000 flight-type dish machine with all three models—Base, Energy Recovery and Advansys BD—saving annual energy and water costs and allowing itemization by customer requirements. With triple and side rinses added to provide maximum coverage and rinse results, the FT1000 consumes 50 percent fewer gallons of water per hour compared to previous flight-type dish machines. The patented Energy Recovery technology in the Advansys BD model captures heat from waste air and uses it to heat the wash tank and blower dryer, while ben-
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The Insinger Machine Co. TRAC 878 Triple Tank Tray Washer (shown with optional security package) is energy efficient, cost effective, and environmentally friendly, states the company. It is designed for easy oper-
ation and simple daily maintenance and service. Insinger equipment delivers high-rack capacity with low operating costs with this model cleaning 878 trays per hour (based on 15" tray). Cycle includes re-circulating pre-wash, wash and rinse, and fresh water final rinse. www.insingermachine.com, 1.215.624.4800
OPTIONAL TRAY ACCESSORIES & POWER SCRAPPER Optional components to the Insinger Tray Washers are the Tray Dryer (Detail of TD-321 Tray CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 33
Dryer shown) Tray Stacker and the Power Scrapper. The Automatic Tray Dryer provides 99 percent dry trays while the Air Wiper design reduces the ability for bacteria to grow on wet, stacked trays. The Tray Stacker is a factory-installed option that automatically unloads and stacks trays on a handling cart only requiring one operator. Adjustable for tray lengths of 14" to 26" and optional full-cart switch automatically shuts down the machine. The Power Scrapper is an Automatic Cold Water Scrapper with a processing rate of up to 1,000 trays per hour, which means less banging and breakage and 95 percent of food soil removed from trays. www.insingermachine.com, 1.215.624.4800
SECURITY TRANSPORT Satellite feeding programs are an effective way to serve meals in large numbers. A satellite kitchen can serve more than 25,000 meals in a 12- to 14-hour period. Food is prepared in a central kitchen, then transported to each facility for meal service. Overall costs are reduced and meal quality is maintained. Food Warming Equipment Company, Inc. (FWE) offers HDM Prison Security Transport Packages available to any standard cabinet catalog item to match the security level of the facility. This offers flexibility for 34 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
FWE reports its satellite kitchen can serve more than 25,000 meals in a 12- to 14-hour period.
foodservice with the use of sheet trays, pans, or trays. www.fwe.com, 1.800.222.4393
INSULATED TRANSPORT The Combo Cart Plus from Cambro Manufacturing holds full-sized food pans, sheet pans, and even large pizza boxes using the same set of adjustable, uni-
versal, stainless steel rails. It is the only hot holding cabinet to be certified by the Green Restaurant Association, even exceeding its energy requirements. Cambro manufactures two models: an electric and non-electric version, both available in two sizes: tall and low (half-size). The electric version (CMBPH) has pre-set heaters on the door to heat the compartment evenly and out of the danger zone. The tall model features two separate compartments so both can be used for hot holding, or one for cold holding by not turning on the heater, the insulation keeping food hot or cold safely for 4-plus hours. www.cambro.com/seethecart, 1.800.833.3003
RETHERM OVEN With the RH-18 Retherm Oven prepare hundreds of pre-portioned meals quickly using disposable, re-heatable, sealed containers. Wire speed baskets save on labor costs and reduce hanVISIT US AT WWW.CORRECTIONSFORUM.NET
and ample space to hold the entire meal. The Super Max is designed to hold a milk carton inside the tray and recessed so food will not touch the next tray when stacked. The Insulator is a widely-used four-compartment blow-molded tray. www.plastoconinc.com, 1.800.966.0103
BEVERAGE SERVER LOCK
dling while providing a hot meal without overcooking or dehydration. The oven allows venting of humidity to adjust food moisture to specific conditions and the rack system streamlines the operation. www.fwe.com, 1.800.222.4393
MEAL DELIVERY SYSTEM Plastocon has provided Meal Delivery Systems to the correctional market since the early 1980s with its insulated trays evolving from the original Hot
The easy-to-use, heavy-duty locking device includes a lock, key and stainless-steel bar that denies access to the dispenser lid when locked, preventing unauthorized persons from opening the lid and contaminating the beverage inside. The Beverage Server Lock is designed specifically for use with Cambro Camtainer beverage dispensers. Featuring an all-welded, heavyduty, stainless-steel construction, the lock slides in place through the dispenser handles to provide a snug fit when locked, even if the dispenser’s latches are undone, broken or missing. It can double as a handle for easy transport of the dispenser and doesn’t get in the way of stacking dispensers. The Beverage Server Lock fits 2-1/2 and 5-gallon Camtainers; other sizes can be accommodated upon request. www.cookscorrectional.com, 1.800.956.5571
PLASTIC BLENDS IN TABLEWARE Design Specialties, Inc. offers several proprietary blends of plastics to meet various needs. The company’s Tuf-Flex material is a Tray to the newest offering of Classic, which is blow-molded. A single sheet of plastic is formed into a tray design so the tray’s usable life is extended. The Classic is the blow-molded version of the Hot Tray; a classic tray design with deep compartments, 36 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
proprietary blend flexible enough so a tray cannot shatter, crack or be torn, or sharpened into a weapon, yet rigid enough to hold its shape. The company makes several products from Tuf-Flex; the most popular is the TF-506 Tray (shown). www.designspecialties.org, 1.800.999.1584
COLD-MEAL TRAY The Cook’s Brand 4S-CP tray is a low-cost, long-term solution for correctional facilities that currently use disposable
Styrofoam trays to serve prepackaged cold meals. With customers searching for a reusable option, Cook’s solution was this tray that can deliver cold meals that are poly-bagged or shrink wrapped, reducing landfill waste and cutting disposable costs. The 4S-CP tray is made from a durable copolymer blend that is formulated to be stain resistant. The tray dimensions are 7x9x1inch deep with a raised edge to keep food in place. www.cookscorrectional.com, 1.800.956.557
“Remember, food trays are subjected to wear washing and chemicals in institutional dish machines on a daily basis. They also are abused in other ways. Even under these conditions, it is not uncommon for a blow-molded tray to last up to ten years.” —JERRY MARKS, NATIONAL SALES MANAGER, PLASTOCON, INC. VISIT US AT WWW.CORRECTIONSFORUM.NET
Continued from page 31 has expired. That means you will need another complete change of equipment sooner than planned. If interior lighting systems are 10 years or older, then consider high quality LED T8/T10 tubes that can operate without a “ballast/driver.” The existing ballast will have to be removed, and lamp holders should be checked for aging characteristics, such as cracks, burn marks, or brittleness. Replace if necessary, as lamp holders are relatively inexpensive. In general, if existing exterior “wall pack” luminaires have been properly maintained and housings are in “good” shape, retrofitting should be considered. However, the light source selected should be well researched. LED retrofits need to be approved for the specific luminaire (make and model) currently installed, or the life of the new product may not reach stated life. That could be costly, and become a huge waste of financial resources. For exterior perimeter, poleand building-mounted floodlights, an onsite test evaluation should be done before any major expenditure is made. The proper source color temperature (4100-4500K) is best for human and camera visual effectiveness. Higher (5000K+) will distort colors, as will lower K temperatures (less than 4100K), causing inaccuracy in describing clothing, skin, vehicle, or other objective item colors. Next, investigate source/system glare. Several states’ DOC security officers have found that LED floodlights (building and pole mounted) cause poor visual results due to direct and reflective glare. Direct glare can wash out camera views, while reflected glare from fence and razor wire inhibits roving officer’s vision, and can cause inability to see through a fence’s reflected glare. Systems providing wide distribution patterns of light reduce brighter and darker areas. Desired source characteristics are:
• Instant-on (no warm up or restrike time) •) High color quality, not only high CRI • Low glare (direct/reflective) • Wide distribution patterns to reduce hot/dark areas •) Control ability (dimming, motion sensing, etc.) A source chart, available upon request, includes fluorescent, induction, LED and some HID sys-
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tems. (The latest technology fluorescent lamps provide equal or better “proven” economic factors, at lower purchase price, lower maintenance cost than current LED, induction or HID systems.)
For more information contact: Larry Leetzow, president, World Institute of Lighting and Development Corp., Larry@magnaray.com, www. magnaray.com, 941/755-2111/103.
CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 37
BY G.F GUERCIO, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
An Arsenal for Contraband Control L-3’s ProVision detects metallic and nonmetallic objects.
he variety of contraband and ways to introduce it are only surpassed by the varied ways to detect and control it. From information technology that singles out inmate call contacts, to kits and machines that detect explosives and drugs, to miniature video systems that resemble eyeballs and can be placed or thrown anywhere, the options available to control contraband fit every scenario. Straight from a Mission Impossible movie, there are products that offer corrections officers
T
38 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
the options of “seeing through” envelopes to detect mailroom contraband. There are video systems mounted on poles that can go where corrections officers can’t or don’t want to go, and even robot-type “eyes” with microphones that go anywhere deemed too dangerous or too small for a human. Other technology offers investigative/forensic-type information that notes cell phone activity that could warrant a look into illegal activity. Always on the alert for explosives and metals or
materials indicating weapons, correctional facilities have the option of equipment that screens parcels in the mailroom, personal items, and mattresses. And of course there are the portable, handheld and walk-through detectors on the lookout for all metals and materials including the cell phone and its components. Similarly, kits and devices that search for traces of drugs complete the arsenal. “Contraband, both from an internal source (e.g. inmate-fashioned weapons such as “shanks” and homemade alcohol) and external source (cell phones and drugs being smuggled in) continues to present significant problems for correctional institutions at all levels: federal, state and local,” says Correctional Security Consultant John Ely, retired FBOP. “Typically, the higher security level the facility is, the greater the contraband problem
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is, or at least the consequences of such contraband introduction are much greater as the level of security increases. Many technologies are being deployed to interdict the movement and flow of contraband both into and within correctional facilities,” he says. “However, no one technology can detect everything and most often several technologies are deployed which are designed to complement each other.” Citing some of the technologies deployed, Consultant Joel Herron, former chief of security for the North Carolina Department of Public SafetyPrisons, notes that many state correctional facilities have undergone an extensive revision of their entrance and exit procedures, which includes equipment such as walk through metal detectors, x-ray parcel machines and x-ray scanners to search those entering correctional facilities. And, penalties have toughened for smuggling in mobile devices. “Many states have new laws on the books in which bringing a cell phone inside a correctional facility would be a misdemeanor or even a felony if convicted.” Additional detection programs Herron mentions include enhanced K-9 detection programs and contraband netting to areas susceptible to throwovers for all types of contraband. The contraband enters the facility in an infinite number of ways, states Jeff Hansen, chief marketing officer with Telmate. “We have seen many methods individuals employ to introduce contraband into secure facilities. Low-level offenders might pick up a drop even around a secure perimeter. It’s long been known that staff and visitors introduce contraband.” Among them, he notes contraband including the ubiquitous cell phone, are smuggled by staff, smuggled in concrete blocks, hidden among blocks to be used for construction, even brought by drones being used to fly into the prison. 40 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
Biggest Culprit: Cell Phones Cell phones are easily the largest problem for several reasons, contends Craig Schober, media director, Berkeley Varitronics Systems. “Cell phones are small, cheap and easy to conceal. They also fetch more money in prison than contraband drugs, weapons or alcohol so they are very desirable,” he says. As is well known, any illegal phone can be used to not only coordinate prison escapes, riots, hits, etc. but also be used to threaten and intimidate victims on the outside such as judges, jurors and their family members. For just this reason most institutions have strict regulations on what prisoners are allowed to maintain in their possession, notes Bob Levine, president, Zistos Corp. “A key element to maintaining the safety and security of a correctional facility for both prisoners and staff members alike is to insure that items such as weapons, narcotics, cell phones, and other types of contraband that further criminal activity are eliminated,” he says. “Despite the use of rigorous screening procedures for the newly incarcerated and visitors, contraband and weapons still have a way of finding their way into the prison population. Their prevalence can be minimized by frequent and thorough searches of the institution,” he says and adds that surveillance and inspection tools can be used to increase the capability, efficiency and safety of performing searches for contraband. “Advancements in technology are helping to expand the tools available for contraband detection,” contends Jason Gash, product manager, Smiths Detection. “The goal is to reduce the amount of invasive hands-on searches that corrections personnel need to conduct, while increasing efficiency and enhancing detection capabilities.” Those capabilities are aided by the arsenal of products available to control contraband.
THE ARSENAL Mistral has an effective line of electronic surveillance products that may be employed in situations that stationary camera systems may not be effective. Mistral’s Eyeball technology is one that employs softball-shaped camera systems (with IR and mics) that can be thrown wherev-
er needed (and land upright), with 360-degree viewing on remote PDUs. These Eyeballs are virtually indestructible. Mistral also has the Eye Drive which is a very small robot, with 360-degree viewing capacity on remote screens, that can also be thrown wherever needed and which is small enough to go into places that most robots cannot go. www.mistralsecurityinc.com, 1.301.913.9366
Autoclear’s EN5000 allows quickly and accurately testing surfaces for trace amounts of narcotics, including cocaine, THC, methamphetamines and heroin. The dual-technology system allows for more accurate results in challenging environments. Simple sampling and a large color touch screen display with clear, easy to read results makes the EN5000 operator friendly, while
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devices. For example, the federal TSA employs the wet chemistry products at all U.S. and some overseas airports along with more expensive electronic equipment
metallic. The ProVision uses safe, active millimeter wave (MMW) radio frequency, not X-rays or any ionizing radiation. www.sds.l-3com.com, 1.781.939.3800
Two of Mistral’s forensic products have been found to be helpful within correctional facilities. UV Trap is an aerosol product that, when sprayed on a surface, leaves an invisible chemical on the surface that, when touched, transfers that invisible chemical to the hands of the one that
few consumables and minimum daily maintenance requirements keep the cost of ownership low. a-clear.com, 1.800.231.6414
Telmate’s Investigator is a suite of tools that provides actionable intelligence to help law enforcement prevent and solve crime. With Telmate Investigator, facilities can instantly analyze inmate’s personal networks from cell phone use and gain crimefighting intelligence. Abilities include: call pattern analysis, contact analysis, communication timeline, predictive relationship analysis, call destination mapping, live call monitoring, call and video playback, inmate and contact profiles, voice and image biometrics, three-way call detection, and more. www.telmate.com, 1.855.TELMATE (835.6283)
because they have found this to be a highly cost-effective combination for security purposes. mistralsecurityinc.com, 1.301.913.9366
Deployed at many high security facilities, the L-3 Security and Detection System’s L-3 SDS X-ray baggage and parcel screeners comes in many tunnel sizes, from the small PX6.4 to the large tunnel sized PX18.18-MV. These offer the ability to screen items such as purses up to a full pallet of goods. ProVision screeners quickly detect concealed objects made of a broad variety of materials, both metallic and non-
touched the surface. The chemical can only be seen under a black-light source. The invisible chemical cannot be easily cleaned from surfaces on which it has been placed, or on the hands
Mistral Security, Inc. has a line of explosive detection products used extensively by the military, EOD and Hazmat Units, law enforcement, and security agencies. These products include aerosols, bottle liquids, and ampoule-based ‘pens’ that cover all commercial and military grade explosive compounds, as well as explosive precursors and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and Home Made Explosives (HMEs). A highly cost-effective first-step technology employed in conjunction with electronic 42 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
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of the one that touched the surface (up to several days). In correctional facilities, this product has been used to determine who may have touched something that they should not have touched or been in a place that they should not have been. See Through is a product that can be sprayed on an envelope, which causes the surface of the envelope to become briefly transparent thereby allowing one to see the contents or some of the contents inside. The spray does not cause the ink or type on or in the envelope to run, nor damage the envelope or contents. When the chemical dries, no one would ever know that this product had been used on the envelope. In correctional facilities, this product has been used to look for powders or substances inside of envelopes, or to look for money that is prohibited to inmates. www.mistralsecurityinc.com, 1.301.913.9366
All point of entry areas, including inmate processing, staff entrances, visitor areas, loading docks and mailrooms are common entry points for contraband intercepted by X-ray inspection systems. Smiths Detection HISCAN 5030si can additionally be utilized at a visitor entrance to screen handbags, parcels, and
other contraband. Also highly mobile, making it easy to relocate for “shake down” searches and other special applications. www.smithsdetection.com, 1.410.612.4000
Immediate set up and transport by one person means you can do unannounced screening throughout the facility. Covert options allow you to screen inmates without their knowl-
alarm, but will alarm if even the smallest unauthorized metal is in/on the body. www.ceia-usa.com, 1.888.532.CEIA (2342) edge, such as from behind walls. Cellsense detects contraband such as knives, blades and lighters, including all cell phones, on or off, with or without batteries, concealed on or within the body. Cellsense screens up to 40 individuals per minute without contact or intrusion, providing a full body scan with a single walk-by. www.cellsensegroup.com, 1.630.541.6509
PocketHound is a sensitive cell phone detector for its size, detecting up to 75 feet indoors, all from your pocket. Tuned to the RF signature of common cell phones, both U.S. and international bands, this allows personnel to locate nearby cell phones in standby mode or during active voice, text or data RF transmissions. It alerts the user to any cell phone activity with bright LED flashing or vibra-
The SMD601 Plus exceeds the strictest Law Enforcement Standard for WTMDs as it extends the detection sensitivity of the detector to metal threats previously considered undetectable due to minimal dimensions and metal composition. The optional Correctional Profiling System records an inmate’s metallic signature/baseline such as an implant and stores on a single or group of networked detectors. The inmate can go through without 44 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
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tion for completely covert, inpocket detection. www.bvsystems.com, 1.732.548.3737
High resolution imaging and advanced image enhancement features of Autoclear’s 6040 X-ray system locate SIM cards, handcuff
battery-operated video camera with body-worn video display, cameras mounted on poles, waterproof cameras, cameras mounted on rolling trolleys, and small diameter videoscopes. www.zistos.com, 1.631.434.1370
The unit is ideal for detention booking operations, with no staff interaction required. As a permanent wall fixture, it can be
keys, blades, narcotics, and other contraband in mail, mattresses and other inmate personal items. The size makes it mobile for use around the facility and for small spaces. www.a-clear.com, 1.800.231.6414
Searching for contraband in hard-to-access locations can be aided with battery-operated tools that incorporate video, lights, and even waterproofing. The portable video tools can search under furnishings and above fixtures, over or in between walls, under floors, in toilets, traps and plumbing systems, and in or under vehicles. The video feature allows for documenting of the search. Variety of tools include a
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CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 45
installed in narrow corridors without restricting movement. The FG1 is always on, detecting cell phones and more. Compact, unobtrusive, and tamper-proof, it requires no user adjustment, enables full body scans in seconds, is effective in vicinity of cell doors and other stationary metal objects, and is nonintrusive and discreet with no field radiation. www.cellsensegroup.com, 1.630.541.6509
SentryHound security portal is triggered when ferromagnetic material pass by its sensors. This type of installation is especially useful for security personnel looking to detect any cell phones
latest NIJ security standards, indoor or outdoor use, and up to 100 hours of continuous operation on a single charge of rechargeable batteries. It is a high sensitivity solution that can assist in conducting searches either in conjunction with a walk-through metal detector or as a standalone. www.ceia-usa.com, 1.888.532.CEIA (2342)
While seizing contraband cell phones can prevent and reduce crime, extracting data from them can help solve crimes. Cellsense Forensic Solutions can extract valuable, active intelligence from seized devices to prevent incoming contraband, assist law enforcement with criminal investigations,
on or off, as well as some weapons including knives and guns without invasive and timeconsuming searches. The rugged pressure mat switch ensures that only persons passing through the sensors will be instantly scanned by SentryHound. Setup and takedown is easy and its flexible power requirements (plug in for AC or use its internal DC battery) allow it to run all day. www.bvsystems.com, 1.732.548.3737
The PD240 is CEIA’s new generation handheld metal detector that combines reliability with advanced detection. The device offers full compliance with the 46 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
indications, battery with 18 hours autonomy, and a fivehour fastb a t t e r y charge. www.ceiausa.com, 1.888.532.CEIA (2342)
The 8091P walk-through metal detector features noise reduction, uniform detection and discrimination of all metals. Powder-coated aluminum sides shield interference from moving metal doors or objects on operators. It is auto-calibrating and easy to start and operate, featuring a bar graph meter that indicates metallic content. www.a-clear.com, 1.800.231.6414
Smiths Detection’s B-SCAN
and promote staff safety. www.cellsensegroup.com, 1.630.541.6509
The CEIA MSD (Magneto Static Detector) is a one-piece, portable, and covert/overt detector specifically designed to look for cell phones where the use of a walkthrough metal detector may not be applicable. The MSD is simple to operate and detects all transmission devices containing magnetized parts including cell phones, radio transceivers, etc. Auto learn system for automatic adaptation to surrounding moving magnetic metal structures and electrical interferences, six separate zone
screens a detainee for contraband concealed on the body and inside body cavities. Narcotics, cellular phones, and SIM cards are frequently found to be hidden internally. The B-SCAN can find these items in the digestive system or within body cavities before they can harm the inmate or jeopardize the security of the facility. www.smithsdetection.com, 1.410.612.4000
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BY DONNA ROGERS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
& Its Support Technology
T HE FEDERAL B UREAU OF P RISONS drug abuse treatment strategy has grown and changed as advances have occurred in substance treatment programs, according to its web site. BOP notes that drug treatment studies for in-prison populations find that when programs are well-designed, carefully implemented, and utilize effective practices they reduce relapse, reduce criminality, reduce recidivism, reduce inmate misconduct, increase the level of the offender’s stake in societal norms and increase levels of education and employment upon return to the community. Inarguably, all good. A study published by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University in 2010, the latest of which is available, shows that the increase in
America’s prison population is due overwhelmingly to criminal activity linked to alcohol and other drug use and addiction. The report, Behind Bars II: Substance Abuse and America’s Prison Population, found that of the 2.3 million inmates crowding our nation’s prisons and jails, 85% were substance-involved. The report also found that in 2005, federal, state and local governments spent $74 billion on incarceration, court proceedings, probation and parole for substance-involved adult and juvenile offenders, and less than 1% of that amount—$632 million— on prevention and treatment. The CASA report asserted that only 11% of all inmates with addiction received any treatment during their incarceration. It maintained that if all inmates
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who needed treatment and aftercare received such services— including continual monitoring—if just over 10% remained substance-free, crime-free and employed, the nation would break even in a year. The same study recommends criminal justice provide comprehensive pre-release planning to assure transition to a broad range of integrated reentry services for inmates with substance use disorders. And also that they expand the use of treatment-based alternatives to jail and prison— including drug courts and prosecutorial diversion programs—and post-release supervision for substance-involved offenders. Along with accreditation of prison- and jail-based treatment programs and providers, they further, an important step in keepCORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014 47
ing inmates substance free is continual monitoring of the offenders for drugs of abuse. The equipment below can provide for all corrections and parole department’s needs.
Oral Fluid Drug Testing OraSure Technologies Intercept Oral Fluid Drug Test is a lab-based drug-of-abuse testing system that offers the convenience of oral fluid with the confidence of laboratory results. It’s a simple collection process that eliminates costs and dignity collection
issues, reduces sample tampering while providing accurate results. Intercept is FDA cleared for nine drugs of abuse. Since the collection can be done virtually anytime and anywhere, Intercept offers a streamlined and controlled collection process and is said to be highly cost effective. www.orasure.com or 610.882.1820
New ETG Testing The Discover Rapid ETG from American Screening Corporation detects up to 80 hours and provides results within five minutes, with a 500 ng/ml cutoff. The results are stable for up to one hour. In addition, the test has up to a 24-month shelf life from date of manufacture. www.americanscreeningcorp.com, 1.866.526.2873, 318.798.3306, or sales@americanscreeningcorp.com
Random Drug Test Calling Call2test returns control to the small and mid-sized drug courts, third-party administrators, probation and parole departments by eliminating the need for color-code systems and answering machines. Its intu48 CORRECTIONS FORUM • JULY/AUGUST 2014
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High Security Collection Container
itive web-based interface offers a quick setup, detailed reporting on individual offenders, and a sophisticated complex randomization algorithm to ensure compliant random testing requirements. call2test will streamline workflow, eliminate frustration, and reduce randomized testing program expenses, says the firm. http://call2test.com, 1.888.972.9166 or info@call2test.com
Benchtop Analyzer The Thermo Scientific Indiko benchtop analyzer is designed for routine clinical chemistry testing in small lab settings and specialty testing such as specific proteins, drug of abuse and therapeutic drug monitoring including immunosuppressant drug monitoring (ISD). Bar-coded, ready-to-use Thermo Scientific system reagents provide ease-of-use and optimized package sizes for low volume testing needs. A mix of bar-coded primary tubes and sample cups may be used at any time, increasing flexibility of operation. Patient oriented testing produces results quickly, enhancing the quality of patient care. www.thermofisher.com or1.800.232.3342
Doxtech is a patented highsecurity container for collection, identification, custody, transport and storage of specimens for drug testing, forensic evidence, food samples and potable water samples. Doxtech comes with an irreversible positive lock and label to prevent absolutely any tampering. The product also comes with temperature controls, carrying trays, closing tools, and other necessary accessories. www.doxtech.com or 1.800-524.7387
AD INDEX Page No.
Black Creek Integrated Systems Corp. ...............11 Bob Barker ........................51 Carter Goble Lee...............23 Corizon..............................17 Elmridge Protection..........16 Endur ID Incorporated......45 Institutional Eye Care........50 ISI Detention Contracting Group, Inc. ......................9
Drug Testing System The Siemens Viva-E System provides a menu of gold standard EMIT assays for fast analysis of drugs of abuse, therapeutic drugs and immunosuppressants, as well as sample validity testing on a single benchtop analyzer. It is designed for low- to midvolume labs, treatment centers, transplant management centers, criminal justice facilities, and industrial facilities. The userfriendly interface is based on
Keefe Group......................52 Magnaray ..........................31 Mars ..................................37 Medi-Dose Company ........21 MHM Correctional Services, Inc.....................2 Morse Watchman, Inc.......13 NaphCare ..........................19 NCCHC ..............................25 On The Gate......................29 OraSure Technologies, Inc. .........48 Sentry Security Fasteners, Inc..................................43 StunCuff Enterprises, Inc. .10 STV Architects, Inc ............10
Windows software and requires little maintenance. www.healthcare.siemens.com or1.888.826.9702
Swintec Corporation.........39 Telmate ...............................5 Time Keeping Systems, Inc...................41 TouchPay Payment Systems .........................15 TriActive America ..............22 TrinityServices Group, Inc.35 Wexford Health Sources .....7 This advertisers index is provided as a service to our readers only. The publisher does not assume liability for errors or omissions.
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OTS Messenger Bag Small and versatile messenger bag; ideal for the everyday carry. Large front flap allows for quick access. Multiple internal compartments and loop fields provide storage for all of your daily gear.
MILT 4 is the newest 64-Bit compatible version of our industry leading labeling and bar coding software. Every feature of this custom-written program was specifically designed to accommodate the needs of health care professionals just like you. With our large variety of laser and direct thermal labels, you can clearly identify and easily bar code all your medications. For more information on the MILT 4, our Medi-Dose packaging system or our LiquiDose labeling visit www.medidose.com.
www.officersonly.com
I-KAM XTREME® Video Sunglasses
Incorporates an advanced mobile video recorder into a lightweight pair of glasses
· Hands-free video and audio recording · Includes clear lenses and interchangeable black polarized lenses www.officersonly.com
SECURITY CHAIN The Peerless Model PSC60 and PSC78 Security Chains are designed for corrections, transport and courtroom situations. When used in conjunction with a set of handcuffs and a padlock this simple chain quickly converts into a secure waist restraint. The specially designed end link is compatible with all commonly used handcuffs - Chain Link or Hinged. For more information visit www.peerless.net
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