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VARIETY is a principle of design that is concerned with
the combination of one or more color elements that use line, shape, texture, and/or pattern to create diversity and contrast in an interior space.
M11 Hospitality + COLOR Commercial Design Analysis
The Setai Hotel
Jaya Ibrahim, interior designer Miami Beach, FL
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Discussion
As you enter the lobby of The Setai what strikes the visitor first is the rich warm palette of the whole space. It is in sharp contrast to the brightness of the exterior environs. The colors range in shades of chocolate browns, creams, and pops of red. The mood is of comfort and rest. Dark browns, almost black, dominate the space. Creams are used to accent lounging areas. Red is found sparingly as focal points in sitting areas or the center of spaces. Color and Line Paneling on the walls exhibit strong linear elements that emphasize height in the spaces. They draw the eyes upward to another linear element in the ceiling that connects the concierge to the elevators for the hotel guests. This ceiling element is reflected in the long running rugs that highlight the seating areas in the hall. Both the rugs and the ceiling are of a light cream color to contrast with the dark colors of the floor and walls. Color and Shape The stable square shape is used to reinforce the strength of the rich palette. This shape is found throughout the space such as in furniture, cushions, wall art. Squares are found in the pattern of the rugs as well, but these form diamonds instead to “add dynamic variety.” A contrasting cream-colored circle shape is used to accent the sitting areas; adding “a calming softness.” Color and Texture Smooth matte finishes are found throughout the space in the furniture and wood paneling. Variety is found in the texture of the glossy brick laid floor and stone inlay of the center table. Highlighting the brunch area is a completely different texture of reed blinds. Color and Pattern Looking down the length of the lobby reveals a rhythmic linear pattern created by accent lighting along the ceiling.
Details The lobby is a warm and cozy space dimly lit by soft accent lighting. Line, shape, texture, and pattern are used to great effect to convey an inviting and restful space.
Line
Shape
Texture
Pattern
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Discussion
The dining room of The Setai beckons diners with lighter shades of cozy brown and energetic uses of red for every seat in the room. Color and Line The wall with the long linear sofa is emphasized with dark vertical panels that heighten the space as is done in the lobby. These panels are subdivided by horizontal lines that slow the movement of the eye upwards. Lines in the floor of the space are also subdivided in this way to achieve a paced look around the space. Color and Shape Squares dominate the space in the tables, the place-settings, the wood inlay in the floor, and cushions. The square offers a sense of security and also creates intimate spaces for each dining party. Color and Texture Variety in texture is achieved through an interplay of soft velvety cushions, smooth matte wood finishes, and the rough texture of the far brick laid accent wall. Color and Pattern Successive use of similar sized squares through the length of the space create a pattern that slowly guides the eyes. What results is a gentle but stimulating view for the diner.
Details The dining room is enlivened by a stronger use of red and of square shapes.
Line
Shape
Texture
Pattern
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Zimmerman Advertising Gensler, Interior Design Fort Lauderdale, Florida
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WORKPLACE + COLOR Design Analysis
M12
DISCUSSION | ANALYSIS LINE Linear elements are used throughout the office to define spaces and for wayfinding. Linear cavities in the ceiling are reinforced directly below using low screen walls or glossy finished floors. Linear light fixtures define divergent paths off the main circulation corridor.
line
line
SHAPE The office is dominated by square shapes that define work areas. In contrast circle shapes are then used to define social gathering and meeting areas. In the lounge, circular overhead lighting fixtures are used and make a strong visual impact on the space. The soft round shapes are also used in the furniture. TEXTURE High gloss and reflective finishes are used in main circulation areas. The elevator waiting area, staircase, handrails, and floor are finished in this way using metals, plastics, and polished concrete. Lounge and meeting areas are treated differently. These spaces use soft matte finishes with carpet, upholstery, and smooth matte finished concrete floor. PATTERN The dominant pattern used in this office is an array of equidistant circles. This array can be painted on the wall, decals on glass, or lighting fixtures on an accent wall. The use of this pattern is to call out meeting areas throughout the office. Aponte 45
DETAILS
CONCLUSION For Zimmerman Advertising, Gensler created a clear and stimulating color palette. Neutral colors dominate the space with pops of red which is the client’s defining color. Simple uses of cool colors are used sparingly throughout the office. Variety is created within the space with the use of contrasting shapes, wayfinding linear elements, clear cut textures to define different areas, and patterns that call out meeting zones for colleagues. What results is a pleasantly stimulating workplace for Zimmerman Advertising.
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COLOR + CULTURE
The culture of Puerto Rico and the Miccosukee Tribe will be examined for their use of color. My family’s heritage is Puerto Rican which is a mix of Spanish, African, and Taíno descent. Taínos were the natives of the island when colonialists came to settle. It is for this reason I chose to also examine the Miccosukee Tribe; a native American culture of South Florida, where I was raised. Aponte 47
PUERTO RICO
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Puerto Rico Puerto Ricans extensively use the colors of their flag as a representation of cultural identity. The dominant colors in use are red and white, followed by blue. Rojo/Red is an energetic color that represents life, spice, and love. Throughout the island is a common tree called the Flamboyan that produces thick blooms of vibrant red flowers. The tree is a symbol of Puerto Rico and its flowers are used in weddings and other celebrations. Blanco/White is a pure color that represents the sacred, elegance, respect, and honest work. The jíbaro is a strong symbol of Puerto Rican history. A jíbaro is a man or woman (jíbara) of the countryside that works farmland and has the knowledge of manual labor, raising animals, living off the land, and in general taking care of themselves by themselves. They formed the backbone of Puerto Rican culture. White was their color of choice for clothing. Thus, white has come to represent the bravery and self-sufficiency of the jíbaro. Azul/Blue is a refreshing color that represents the waters of the ocean, the rivers, and waterfalls, the sky, and luck. The bricks of Viejo San Juan are colored blue and brides traditionally wear something blue. Other colors frequently used are verde/green, amarillo/yellow, and anaranjado/orange. Green is the color of the rainforest, of the coqui (a frog), and of plantains. Yellow is found in bananas and sugar cane. Orange is the color of the flesh of the popular fruit, quenepas. Vibrant colors are sourced from the many fruits, vegetables, and flowers of the island.
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MICCOSUKEE
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Miccosukee Tribe The dominant colors of the Miccosukee are represented in their tribe’s flag. White over black, red, and yellow represent the four cardinal directions. White is south, black is west, red is north, and yellow is east. These directions and their associated colors guide the traditions of the people. Hatke/White represents the beginning of life and south. It symbolizes new things, purity, and cleanliness. Looche/Black represents the end of life and west. Traditionally, the dead are buried with their heads facing west. A superstition disallows a person from sleeping with their head in this direction since it is believed our spirits travel west. Black is negative. Keteshche/Red represents blood, life, progression, and north. Lakne/Yellow represents ripeness of food and east. It symbolizes light and the sun rising. Yellow is cheerful and positive. In spiritual medicine, the cardinal directions and their associated colors are used extensively for treatments. Honotbi/Blue is also frequently used as an accent color in clothing and beadwork. Blue is the sky and the water. It is connected to their creator myths and also represents their livelihood.
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COLOR + CULTURE References • • • • • • •
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http://www.elboricua.com/jibaro.html http://www.latinabroad.com/2011/08/01/ a-puerto-rican-wedding-customs-andtraditions/ http://welcome.topuertorico.org/culture/ …my Puerto Rican mother Google Books, Buffalo Tiger: A Life in the Everglades By Buffalo Tiger & Harry A. Kersey, Jr., pg. 45 http://www.nativelanguages.org/mikasuki.htm https://peopleofonefire.com/themiccosukee-their-real-history-that-youwere-never-told.html
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