JAMES MICHAEL BRACKENHOFF ARCHITECTURE & MASTERPLANNING PORTFOLIO
PROFESSIONAL WORK: 2006-2014
EMAIL: JAMES.BRACKENHOFF@HOTMAIL.COM
PHONE: +1 (503) 516-7336
- From small-scale interior refurbishments of historic rural buildings in the deep South of the United States to designs for skyscrapers in the urban core of Chinese mega-cities, my experience as a designer is wide ranging, requiring adaptive problem-solving design solutions suited for regional and national contexts. My interest primarily lies in replicable local models for sustainable development, balancing constraints related to budgets, time tables, user requirments, etc., which demand pragmatic solutions for complex problems. My motivation lies in increasing the intellectual capital of the office as much as it stems from learning from others.-
2013-2014: Lead Designer at Patzschke Architects and freelance illustrator, Berlin, Germany.
2011-2012: Lead Designer at Robert A.M. Stern Architects (RAMSA), New York City, USA / Working with Robert Stern on Dalian (page 3).
2009-2011: Urban and Architectural Advisor at the Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment, London, UK / Meeting with the Prince of Wales.
2006-2008: Urban and Architectural Designer at Urban Design Associates (UDA), Pittsburgh, USA/ Speaking to a community group about a town regeneration strategy.
CIVIC
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RESIDENTIAL
MIXED-USE
O F F I C E / R E TA I L
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GERMAN DESIGNS ROLE Lead Architectural Designer PRIMARY CLIENTS Patzschke Architects Hoehne Architects Christoph Schwebel Architects Principals: Available upon request
In January of 2013, I began working in Berlin as a freelance architect. While I worked primarily with Patzschke Architects as one of their two lead designers, I also worked with a number of other firms in Berlin, both as an architectural designer and as an illustrator. My work forcused on project acquisition, conceptual design and design development for over 15 mixed-use sites in Berlin and other parts of Germany. The following pages contain many of the designs which I personally designed and illustrated. The majority of these projects contained a residential component, with units ranging from 40 to 300 square meters. The following drawings are the original concept designs which were produced, in most cases, in under two weeks. As a young architect, the benefits from working so quickly on so many projects of various sizes were enormous. Living and working in Germany taught me how to learn new standards and laws quickly and integrate myself into a different working culture; both of which made me more flexible and versatile as an architect and urban designer.
Above - Moritzstrasse, Berlin: the proposal is for asylum housing. The units range from 25m2 to 50m2 with a restaurant and al fresco dining planned for the courtyard. In the near future, the building will be converted to private apartments. The aesthetic of the building is intended to speak an architectural language similar to the neighborhood, which was built during the years of the German Democratic Republic. 1
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German Designs
Above - Hallesches Ufer, Berlin: the mixed-use proposal is comprised of two 7-story urban blocks totalling over 16,000m2 of housing, 2,400m2 of retail, and a large fitness center. The units range from 60m2 to 150m2 , with retail planned in a half level below grade and accessed by a terrace stair from the street side of the building. The developer intended to gain planning approval by submitting designs which fit with the architectural context of the area - hence the traditional architectural language of the “Altbau” or “old building”.
Above - Templin: The mayor of the historic town of Templin requested a proposal for an apartment building on a corner site near the town center. The two-and-a-half story building consists of 24 apartments, totalling 2,160m2 of residential space. 2
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Architecture 2014
Above - Donau Garten, Tuttlingen (Germany): the mayor of the town of Tuttlingen, Germany, contracted Patzschke Architects to design a mixed-use scheme on a publicly owned site along the Donau River. The idea was to build apartments in what appears to be large houses so as to integrate into the adjacent single family neighborhood. The setback from the street provides space for a large green. Nearest the river, on the lowest part of the site, a public promenade with shops provides a much needed amenity to the city at large. Right - Bundesallee, Berlin: the design for a formerly bombed-out WWII site required a solution addressing noise polution along one of Berlin’s heaviest trafficked areas. The big idea was to create a sound barrier in the form of a winter garden (sun room) layer along the entire site, which fortuitously also faced south. Ground floor retail and six stories of residential use totaled just over 10,000m2 of new development.
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Architecture
German Designs
Above - Wilhelmstrasse, Berlin: Along the historic route through the the heart of Berlin, one of the largest sites is being developed to accomodate small and large time shares and retail. With over 15,000m2 of residential use and 2,000m2 of retail, the luxurious new building will provide much needed housing in the growing city. The project is currently in the design development stage with construction to begin later this year. Left - Saarbruecken Preserve, Germany: the new Saarbruecken Hotel in southern Germany is building a birdwatch ‘walk’ through the nearby valley. By enclosing the ‘walk’ through the forest, visitors will be able to have close contact with the local wildlife without disrupting their natural habitat. Beginning at the base of the hotel, the ‘walk’ will take visitors to various viewing platforms and culminate in an elevator tower lowering visitors to the bottom of the valley from which regional trails can be accessed.
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Architecture 2014
Above - Hamburg Townhouses: the City of Hamburg, Germany, is selling off a tract of public land to private developers to help the city alleviate its housing shortage. Stacked townhouses will flank an existing biodersity area to form a natural public park. Picking up on the architectural character of the area, the townhouses will be built out of various patterns of red brick, including common bond, herringbone and basketweave. Right - Hotel Barcelona, Berlin: an existing parking lot, sitting just north of the Fernsehturm, is to be developed into a hotel for tourists. Over 11,000m2 of five star hotel accommodation will be replete with variety of restaurants, shops, a spa and a rooftop terrace. The upper floors step back to provide larger hotel rooms with large outdoor terraces for viewing in all directions of the city.
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Architecture
German Designs
Above - Ritterstrasse, Berlin: Approx. 6,000m2 of residential use and nearly 1,100m2 of retail are to be developed in the next year on the site of an under-utilized parking structure. In order to take advantage of the south-facing private side of the building, large windows and balconies will allow residents to enjoy the benefits of naturally well lit interior spaces along with outdoor space right in the heart of a dense urban area. Left - Heilbronnerstrasse, Berlin: an existing high rise is to be renovated and integrated into a block of new residential development. The site will house over 21,000m2 of new apartments and around 3,000m2 of retail in an area of Berlin which has been heavily redeveloped since WWII.
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Architecture 2014
Above - Evolo Skyscraper Competition: the drawing is my submission to 2015’s Evolo competition which asks architects to “redefine the skyscraper” by examining it through its “relationship to the natural world, the community, and the city.” My submission explores how the wind, as a source of energy, can inform the shape of the building. The exploration led to a form inspired by the helix turbine which rotates to charge a battery. Utilising the technology found in hybrid cars, a decelleration energy convertor brakes to slow the rotation of the helix to a speed similar to the Space Needle while simultaneously charging the batteries within the building. With ever-changing vistas and 100% on-site energy generation, the moving building would be the first of its kind. Unter den Linden, Berlin: the owner of one of a small handfull of empty development parcels in the area wishes to build a 7 story mixed-use building and renovate two adjacent buildings. The new residential units will help the city to alleviate housing demands within the existing urban core. The local planning authority would like to maintain many of the traditional characteristics of the historic neighbourhood. The simple facade composition of a base, middle, and a top along with elegantly proportioned windows was the response to this planning prerequisite.
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German Designs
Above - New Economy Home: The New Economy Home is a design which utilizes the Thermoplan clay block system, transluscent photovoltaic and solar thermal panals, as well as triple-glazed energy efficient windows. The design achieves the same energy performance standards as the Prince’s House, while at the same time producing energy which can feed into the grid. Left - London Crescent: The London Crescent is a design for an elegant modern townhouse which has a large outdoor terrace on the top level. The buildings integrate wood burning stoves when natural gas is either more expensive or not available. They also serve as a architectural feature in each home.
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Architecture 2014
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VIRGINIA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA
ROLE Lead Architectural Designer PRIMARY CLIENT Chapel of the Ages Committee/Anglican Church ISSUED FOR PLANNING APPROVAL 2012 FIRM / REFERENCE Robert A.M. Stern, LLP (RAMSA) 460 West 34th St. New York, NY USA Project Partner: Grant Marani email: contact information available upon request.
Front Elevation of the entrance to the chapel
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Virginia Theological Seminary, formally called the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia, is the largest accredited Episcopal seminary in the United States. Founded in 1818, VTS is situated on an 80-acre (320,000 m2) campus in Alexandria, Virginia, just a few miles from downtown Washington, DC.On 22 October 2010, an intense fire destroyed 19th-century Immanuel Chapel on the grounds of the seminary. In 2012, the Church commissioned Robert A.M. Stern Architects to design a new chapel taking into account the new needs of the modernized Anglican Church. A latin cross was adopted in the initial stages of the design as a more appropriate response to these needs rather than a typical cruciform plan. As lead architectural designer I was responsible for developing the overall site plan, floor plans and elevations of the Church. By referrencing many of the loved colonial churches in the region, I was able to develop a design that responded to the new functional demands of the church and at the same time, build on the local architectural character of the area. Choosing the appropriate materials and brick patterns was essential to the overall success of the design.
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Chapel after construction
Virginia Theological Seminary
An aerial view of the site and the placement of the new chapel
An artist’s rendering of the chapel in its site context
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Architecture 2014
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DALIAN AVIATION PLAZA DALIAN, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ROLE Lead Architectural Designer PRIMARY CLIENT Dalian Hanghua Real Estate Development Co., Ltd ISSUED FOR PLANNING APPROVAL 2012 FIRM / REFERENCE Robert A.M. Stern, LLP (RAMSA) 460 West 34th St. New York, NY USA Project Partner: Grant Marani contact information available upon request.
The client (Dalian Hanghua Real Estate Development) hired RAMSA to design four square urban blocks within Dalian, China proper. Block A required the construction of an office building and a high rise residential building, block B a fifty-story mixed-use skyscraper, and blocks C and D 8 high-rise residential towers. While assigned to the Lot A, my role entailed acting as the lead designer. The aesthetic of the buildings on all four blocks was meant to echo many of the notable late Art Deco buildings and the classic Candela-designed apartment buildings of 1920’s in Manhattan. I also referrenced Kollhoff’s Office Tower-Daimler-Benz in Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, many of Piacentini’s stripped classical buildings, and Rockefeller Center in New York. A local architect of record carried out all construction drawings but enough detail in the Design Development Stage of the work was drafted to ensure that the design could be taken through construction.
Lot A Ground Floor Plan
Lot A Ground Floor Plan
Lot A and B from the main road (Sketch-Up). 11
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Dalian Aviation Plaza
Aerial view from the top of Lot A
Street view from Lot A
East elevation of Lot B (Sketch-Up): Mixed-Use
Office entrance to Lot A 12
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Architecture 2014
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ZERO ISLAND TIANJIN, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ROLE Architectural Designer PRIMARY CLIENT Tianjin Songjiang Group Co., Ltd. ISSUED FOR PLANNING APPROVAL 2012 FIRM / REFERENCE Robert A.M. Stern, LLP (RAMSA) 460 West 34th St. New York, NY USA Project Partner: Grant Marani contact information available upon request
Zero Island is a residential project, which is located in the middle of a man-made lake in Tianjin, China. The site is 93, 285m2 with a project area of 40,300m2. In late 2012, the Tianjin Songjiang Company hired Robert A.M. Stern architects to develop four different building types to be distributed throughout the site. In total, 50 dwellings were arranged within the master plan of the entire site. I was charged with developing the overall masterplan and the design of one of the four building types. Early in the process it was decided that the public realm would be focused around a green reminiscent of many of London’s prominent central greens. All of the houses were designed following the principles of fung shui which dictated the distance for setbacks from the street and between individual houses. From start to finish, the project was a learning experience, which contributed significantly to my knowledge of development in China and understanding of good principles in design, or fung shui. As all of the house types were no smaller than 600m2, I learned tremendously from all the various functions which comprise a large single-family dwelling.
A CGI of one of the building typologies 13
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Zero Island
An artist’s rendering of the streetscape along the central green
An artist’s rendering: an aerial view of the Island. 14
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Architecture 2014
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RED JACKET ECO HAMLET NEATH PORT TALBOT, WALES, UK
ROLE Project Manager & Lead Arch. Designer PRIMARY CLIENT British Petroleum ISSUED FOR PLANNING APPROVAL June 2011 FIRM / REFERENCE The Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment 19-22 Charlotte Road London EC2A 3SG/ UK Senior Design Director: Ben Bolgar email: ben.bolgar@princes-foundation.org tel +44 (0) 20 7613 8512
With the encouragement of HRH the Prince of Wales, BP committed to invest in and set out a framework plan for the remediation of its contaminated land and the economic regeneration of the sub-region in south Wales. A major aim of the framework plan included opportunities for innovation in sustainable development in order to facilitate the regeneration process. BP and the Prince’s Foundation identified the Aviation Fuels Reserve Depot (AFRD), one of BP’s landholdings and a former WWII fuels storage facility, as the candidate for building this world-class exemplar of innovation. As project manager and lead architectural designer, I set out the four goals to be achieved in order to ensure that the project achieved exemplar status. A few of those included; • developing an off-grid self-sustaining rural settlement which incorporates food and energy production, a water retention area for irrigation of the allotments (community gardens), and gray and black water treatment systems on site. • supporting the local economy through the utilisation of local material supply chains such as sawmills, quarries, fabrication and manufacturing centers, assembly facilities, contractors and construction workers in the development of the site. • developing a sustainable green transport plan including the use of electric cars and electric pedal assisted bikes which will be charged by the pv panels from each home. By leading the team of consultants including ZED Factory, the UK’s first zero carbon housing design, I increased my knowledge of sustainable building standards in the UK (called BREEAM) and learned to work collaboratively in order to achieve a higher design standard.
Front elevation of a 3-bedroom house with undercroft parking for electric vehicle recharging.
Front elevation of a 3-bedroom house. The wind cowl has been integrated into the design. 15
Front elevation of a 4-bedroom house. Living quarters are on the second floor (piano nobile) to maximise views with the best aspects to the Neath Valley.
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RuralZED sustainable building features
Architecture
Red Jacket Eco-Hamlet
Red Jacket Eco Hamlet
Timber Structure
Wind Cowl
A post + beam timber frame gives a long lasting durable structure, internal flexibility and a unique natural interior. Low in embodied carbon.
A heat exchanger uses the heat from the extracted air to pre-warm the fresh air ensuring 24-hour fresh and airy rooms.
Hot water tank
Solar Hot Water
A 300 litre dual coil hot water tank can store enough hot water for the whole family all day and make the most of the solar thermal panels.
Solar thermal panels on the roof use the sun's energy to heat water. In mid winter top up hot water is supplied from a wood pellet boiler.
Super insulation
Photovoltaic Panels
300mm thick insulated walls reduce heat loss to a minimum and combined with airtight construction. A standard building regs house has 100mm thick insulation.
These panels convert the sun's light energy into electricity.
Thermal Mass
High density internal finishes store energy and coolth, and release it when needed to keep the house warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
Solar Shading
In our increasingly warm climate roof overhangs and decidious trees reduce overheating by providing shade while maintaining views of exterior.
Wood pellet stove
The specially designed wood pellet stove will provide heating, hot water and cooking in the winter.
Rainwater Harvesting
This tank will collect rainwater from the roof, filter it and supply the house with non-potable water for flushing toilets.
Low flow taps
These taps reduce the amount of water used, whilst still providing the feel of a high-flow tap.
Dual flush toilet
2/4 litre flushing toilet reduces water demand without compromising performance.
Energy Saving Appliances
Healthy Interiors
A++ rated white goods and low energy lighting reduces demand for electricity and water. Home electricity consumption can even be monitored in the home.
Breathable construction, good ventilation, carefully chosen materials and non-toxic finishes make for a healthy home.
A diagram illustrating the sustainable components of the houses, produced by ZedFactory digital 3D modelor ruralZEDTM copyright The ZEDfactory Ltd
The site benefits from green transport links along the Tennant Canal, image produced by Welsh illustrator, Simon Jones
Initial sketch of the long house
Initial sketch of the widefronted house
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THE PRINCE’S HOUSE WATFORD INNOVATION PARK, LONDON, UK
ROLE Exhibition Facilitator PRIMARY CLIENT British Petroleum CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION June 2010 FIRM / REFERENCE The Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment 19-22 Charlotte Road London EC2A 3SG/ UK Professional Networks Manager: Bettina Bugay-Bawah email: bettina.bungay-balwah@princesfoundation.org
The completed house in 2010. 17
The Prince’s House is a high-profile project constructed at the Building Research Establishment (BRE) Innovation Park in collaboration with the BRE, Natural Building Technologies and Kingerlee Homes. When the house was completed in 2010, regular exhibitions were held to showcase the building features to major house builders and developers. My role as exhibition facilitator entailed giving tours and developing educational material for the wider public. The House demonstrates that the most effective route to a low-energy, low-carbon building is through an effective building envelope: the creation of a cost-effective barrier between the inside and outside of a building, which makes it cooler in summer and warmer in the winter. The House is built using the Thermoplan system, which comprises trapped-air clay blocks, wood fibre insulation, lime plaster and clay-tile roofing. Key to the success of The Prince’s House is its energy efficiency and flexibility. Its design can be delivered as a terrace or a semi-detached house and it aimed at two key audiences - the residential construction agency and the increasingly eco-aware home-buying public.
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Red Jacket Eco-Hamlet
Typical wall section using aerated clay block
Front elevation of the semi-detatched house.
BATHROOM
BATHROOM
KITCHEN Notes:
1. This Drawing Must Not Be Sca 2. This Drawing Is To Be Read I Project Particulars 3. This drawing is for information
KITCHEN/ EXHIBITION ROOM
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A street elevation illustrating the urban friendly nature of the design.
HALL LIVING ROOM
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Plan of Second Floor 2
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A 3D rendering of the house replicated along the street. 18
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NORFOLK LIGHT RAIL SHELTERS NORFOLK, VIRGINIA, USA
ROLE Lead Architectural Designer PRIMARY CLIENT The City of Norfolk WORKSTAGE D COMPLETION September 2008 FIRM / REFERENCE Urban Design Associates 707 Grant St # 3100 Pittsburgh, PA 15219-1909, United States Principal Emeritus: Raymond Gindroz ray.gindroz@urbandesign associates.com tel: +1 (412) 263-5200
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The Tide is the light rail system under construction in Norfolk, Virginia. While Northern Virginia has several lines of the Washington, DC Metro rapid transit system, The Tide will become the first light rail service in the state of Virginia. In 2008 Norfolk City Council commissioned Urban Design Associates (UDA) to design the light rail shelters. The project sat within UDA’s Norfolk portfolio of work which was part of a 20 year urban rejeneration partnership between the firm and the City of Norfolk. The City intended to build upon previous street furniture designs and color schemes which had been recommended by UDA as a way to shape Norfolk’s built environment identity. The shelters were a compulsory part of this initiative. Working as the lead designer, I was initially inspired by many of the City’s Neo Classical structures, which were well-proportioned and structurally robust. Similar to the Paris Metro entrances and the London telephone booths, my goal was to create a similar civic thread hroughout the City. The new light rail shelters can now be seen at most of the light rail stops throughout Norfolk and have cemented themselves in the architectural identity and consciousness of the City.
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Norfolk Light Rail Shelters
Standing Seam Roof Aluminum Frame Aluminum Column Glass Window Ticket Machine Aluminum Railing
Front and Side Elevations
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(opposite page) A close-up view of the Macarthur Square shelters
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10 ’ (bottom) Some of the completed SEPTEMBER 2007 downtown shelters in Macarthur Square 0
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(right) The Tide Light Rail System Stations Map: One or more shelters will/is being built at each station
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(above) The suburban prototype was designed with the same aesthetic as the downtown prototype but made simpler to save a on cost
d e s i g n a s s oc i at e s 12'-0"
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M Th S ILI Pa TAT TAR Milit e Gall rk IO Y ary ery & N HIG Circ At Ri HW le de AY
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(top) The downtown prototype 0 was2’designed 6to ’ have a10 ’ civic precence
LEGEND The Tide Route
Vehicle Maintenance & Storage Facility (VMSF)
City Streets
City Boundary Line
Light Rail Station
Local Attractions Park & Ride
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MASTERPLAN & ARCHITECTURE ELLON, SCOTLAND, UK
ROLE Architectural Designer & Urban Designer PRIMARY CLIENT Scotia Homes (Scottish Housebuilder) Issued to Client May 2007
In 2007 Scotia Homes, a large house builder and developer in Aberdeenshire, asked the Urban Design Associates (UDA) to produce a number of masterplans for both town extensions and green field development sites. To help inform the masterplan and house designs, an archtitectural pattern book was produced which set out block sizes, lot types, setback variances, building form and architectural details. Scotia Homes also agreed to employ UDA to design 12 prototype houses, mixed-use buildings, and tenements to test out the pattern book.
FIRM / REFERENCE Urban Design Associates 707 Grant St # 3100 Pittsburgh, PA 15219-1909, United States Principal: Donald Kaliszewski email: don.kaliszewski@urbandesign associates.com, tel: +1 (412) 263-5200
Over 20 small towns and villages were analysed as part of the reconaissance gathering work including Elgin, Inverurie, Motrose, Inverness, and Ellon among others. An Enquiry by Design (charrette) was held in the summer of 2008 in Ellon to produce the first town extension masterplan. Scotia Homes is now marketing these house types on their website and have built a number of the larger tenement prototypes. In 2008, Scotia Homes won the Scottish Award for Quality in Planning and
Designing Places because of their collaboration with UDA which produced well-integrated mixeduse masterplans and architecture complementary to the northern Scottish vernacular. (Below) The Ellon Patern book which won the 2008 Scottish Award for Quality in Planning and Designing Places
(Right) A prototype of a Georgian multi-family building DRAFT
15 January 2008 DRAFT
15 January 2008
T H E E L L O N PA T T E R N BOOK
ur ba n design associ ates
The Prince’s Foundation
for the built environment
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I was responsible for developing the background reconaissance research, desiging the Masterplan, writing the Pattern book and producing several of the prototype designs. During the two year-long process, I worked closely with an architect of record to ensure that the prototype houses met local building standards. My introduction to the Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment, which also worked on the project, ultimately led to a work exchange and job at the end of my two year contract with UDA.
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Ellon Architecture
(Top left) One half of a semi-detached Victorian house prototype (Top right) Masterplan (Bottom right) A wide-fronted Victorian house prototype (Right) Standard windows, dormers and door designs were part of the Pattern Book
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TRACY TRANSIT STATION TRACY, CALIFORNIA, USA
ROLE Lead Architectural Designer PRIMARY CLIENT City of Tracy WORKSTAGE D COMPLETION May 2008 FIRM / REFERENCE Urban Design Associates 707 Grant St # 3100 Pittsburgh, PA 15219-1909, United States Principal: Donald Kaliszewski email: don.kaliszewski@urbandesign associates.com, tel: +1 (412) 263-5200
By 2005, the Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) was providing commuter rail transportation from Tracy to the Bay Area, however, without a train station in the downtown area. In 2007, Urban Design Associates was commissioned to produce the conceptual designs for such a transit station. As lead architectural designer, my initial idea for the design was to build on the historic architectural patterns and identity of Tracy as well as the region. The Mediterranean and Spanish Revival styles were deemed the most appropriate due to their appropriate response to the climate. Santa Barbara Station and the Santa Barbara Courthouse were two such precedents which heavily influenced the design. The station consists of a main waiting hall, offices, and a large meeting room among other amenities. The terracotta tile roof, cream colored stucco walls punctured by deep recessed windows, generous loggia and clock tower are distinctive features of the design which are very much rooted in the place. In 2010, the station construction was completed and passengers began using the station shortly thereafter. After the completion of the design development drawings, a local architect of record was later responsible for producing the construction drawings.
(right) The completed Station in early 2010 (below) The Altamont Commuter Express route
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Tracy Transit Station
(above) West Elevation: the clock tower is on axis with the main waiting room to emphasise secondary entrance (top)
North Elevation: front loggia is a response to the sunny ‘Mediterranean Climate’ (left)
CENTRAL AVENUE
Artirt’s rendering of Tracy’s new Transit Station as one approaches the building
SIXTH STREET
(bottom) Ground floor plan illustrating simple double axial layout with waiting room dominating the main body and the clock tower over the secondary entrance
(TOP LEFT) Central Avenue Elevation of the proposed Tracy Multi-modal Station (TOP RIGHT) Sixth Street Elevation of the proposed Tracy Multi-modal Station (ABOVE) Perspective view of the proposed Tracy Multi-modal Station (LEFT) Ground Floor plan with site context of the proposed Tracy Multi-modal Station
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01 may 2007
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