SPACE AND BEYOND
I believe that the power of architecture lies in its capture of people’s expectations of space in a multiplicity of context. It is the age when lives are bond with materialism and informationism, capitals confront with socialists, and the plight of city follows its victory. These elements together constitute an interacting framework of events I regard the process of architectural and urban design as a "looping of space and the events behind space". It might start with addressing space, which is the phenomenon that can be directly perceived, and from which issues and ideas can easily originate. Afterwards, the original thoughts are processed by the integral and interconnected framework beyond, which includes aesthetic interpretations, multi-actor urban stand points, etc. Then, this matrix of framework will in turn be materialized in the outcome of space, or the ways to deliver better space. The more profound the former, the finer the latter. The looping between space and the beyond goes on and on again.
CONTENTS
Hybrid Urban Matrix
The Market City Manifesto
Hotel Metropolis
Drifters' Commune
Dynamic Value Matrix
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The network of nodes reorganizes various types of important sites and streets within an interconnected framework.
The public transport center combines the metro station with a city complex. The
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The angled highway park delineates the borderline between two contrasted fabrics. It is also the visual corridor that highlights the White Stupa.
To anchor existing urban fabric To connect present and past To guarantee a stabilized future Instructor: Zhong Ge Partner: Tang Qizhen, Wen Hanqiang Design studio "Repatching the City" December 2016, Tsinghua University
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The megastructure interacts with the malpositioned axes, corresponds with historical sites and serves as a medium between two contrasted scales.
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The Financial Street-White Stupa-Fuchenmen district is a typical collaged and complicated area, covering a wide range of urban elements, including high rise towers, residential buildings, traditional courtyards and temples, the White Stupa, and Hutongs. These elements together form an absurd yet realistic urban fabric. This project addresses the above issues in two aspects: restricting the northeast expansion of the financial district, and reconfiguring a network of public spaces based on existing ones. We adopted a combined structure which mainly consists of the anchor of a megastructure and the network of nodes.
"The Edifice of Communism" The embodiment of a nostalgic era
The White Stupa
Imperial Temple of Past Emperors
Restored for Genius Loci
Memorial Archways
Well-preserved area of old courtyards
North Xisi District
Built in 1958, expanded to fit in with new urben structure
Financial Street
financial street: 60-80m, old courtyards: 4-7m
CPCC Hall
Suspended, designed to be public parks and greeneries.
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a carpark
The megastructure Public functions, to take the place of construction sites and unshapely buildings
The end of the Extendtion of the border of the Forbidden Palace
Urban structure
Building height
Contrustion sites
Dense-eaved brick tower
Fuchengmen Avenue
Temple of Philanthropy
Wansong Old Man's Pagoda
Since 1992, the doom of the courtyards and lifestyle in this area
Buddhist temple
22.5m*16.5m, public buildings, courtyards, intervals of streets
Fuchengmen Gate
Used by the royal family, to worship all past emperors
Geological Museum Expansion
Brimming with all kinds of city life
Temple Fair
The largest Lamaist Pagoda in China, 51m tall visual focus
Modular grid
Built in 1267, torn down in 1951, name was preserved, now a traffic junction
Fusuijing Mansion
Miaoying Temple, spirit of the site
Former Western Barracks
Temple of Epiphany
Undesired buildings
And other destroyed historical buildings, site reserved
And other extant traditional public buildings
Replaced, conflict with traditional coutyards in scale and texture.
process of abstraction
There are two malpositioned axes attached to the design site, Fuchengmen Gate avenue, and Northen Border of Forbidden Palace-Brick Tower Hutong.
Preserved and destroyed important traditional architectural sites, as well as Hutongs, are carefully considered in the design process.
If it were not for the obstructions of the recent buildings, the 51m high White Stupa can be seen from almost everywhere in this region.
Almost all public buildings, courtyards, and street intervals are in accordance with a modular grid of 22.5m*16.5m. New designed sites and buildings all keep with this "city gene".
Important buildings of modern China are included in the new urban structure. Construction sites and unshapely architectures are considered as vacant lands.
These three pictures above show the progressive perception of the urban fabric. It can be seen how collaged and absurd this area is.
The height of the buildings in financial street, often 60-80m, is in sharp contrast to that of the courtyards. The borderline between two fabrics is rough yet unclear.
(a) abstraction
(b) response
(c) synthesis
A combined structure, which consists of nodes, lines, network and axes, and covers the whole site. The existing border is anchored, and the entire spacial structure is reformed.
(b1) The Network of Nodes that consists of historical sites, modern places, and renovated buildings. (b2) A megastructure as a medium that connects the west and east axes, and interacts with the historical architectures. (b3) A public transport center that attracts visual focus and population flow. (b4) The borderline starts from the White Stupa and extends south east, which is also the visual corridor.
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This drawing shows the urban morphology after the design, as well as how different elements interacts with each other. Open nodes are painted red and numbered, important architectures are shaded black, other buildings are faded, blocks are emphasized instead of individual courtyards, visual contacts and axes are directly drawn. A strong "Order" of hierarchy is thus constructed through the reform of space.
1.Lu Xun Memorial Hall
3.Temple of the Fire God Temple of Cleansed Soil
Former Residence of the great writer and thinker
4.41st Middle School Front Gate
Restored
6."See the Stupa" 12.Temple of Philantropy Rebuilt 4 times since 11th century Buddhist Temple
9.White Stupa Temple Miaoying Temple Built in 1279 51m high Temple Fair and Plaza
10.Imperial Temple of Past Emperors Memorial Archways Archways Restored Built in 1400-1500s by the royal family Museum and exhibitions
2.Fusuijing Mansion Built in 1958 Museum of Modern Chinese Housing
5.Residential Square
8.The Prosperity Hospital Since 1960 Specialized in orthopaedics
11.Temporary Exhibition Site
12.Geological Museum Originally built in 1958 Expansion
The Megastructure Anchor of the highrise towers' growth Interacts with traditional architectures Shopping Center, Library, Office
14.Temple of Longevity
17.Community Center
Food Market, civil service
Refurbished Mosque
15.Performance Square Visual contact with the Stupa
16.Temple of Epiphany
7."New Fuchengmen" Memorial Sculpture
Highway Park
14.Public Park 13.1st Financial Avenue
Originally built in 1524 Rebuilt Taoist Temple Public Park
Visual corridor to the White Stupa borderline between different fabrics Originally Construction site Park, art corridor
18.Wansong Old Man's Pagoda
Visual contact with the Stupa Earth covered atchitecture Originally construction site
22.Memorial Park
Originally built in 1200s Only dense-eaved brick tower in Beijing To memorize a monk Pagoda and Park
Former Western Barracks Primary School Gate
19.Citizen's Plaza
20.The Financer's Cafe
21.CPCC
Former Temple of Loyalty and Valiancy
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Important political institution Conference hall, archive, square
23.Bingmasi Hutong Kindergarten
24.Bingmasi Hutong Market
市场 城市
THE MARKET CITY MANIFESTO Instructor: Zhong Ge Partner: Cao Lei, Liang Xiao Schinder Global Award 2017 Competition
THE MARKET MANIFESTS, FACILITATED BY SOLID INFRASTRUCTURE, TO SPREAD ITS CHAOTIC PROPERITY, THROUGH THE ENTIRE CITY.
This design proposes a plan for a new urban hub as well as copes with various existing problems. With the concept of "Market City", The design is focused on constructing infrastructure, establishing city connection, promoting mobility, building regional influence, and creating a new urban area of great diversity and prosperity. In the proposed plan, the land is divided into horizontal levels, and each level is different in terms of its development pattern and its functional use.
THE MARKET CITY MANIFESTO
SPONTANEITY FLUIDITY DIVERSITY
MAN I FESTA T I ON SPACE AND SOCIAL SYSTEM
The Site
Surroundings
The CEAGESP wholesale market is located in the site, with its prominent a nd di s t in c t i ve o p e n market pavilion. It forms a s t ro n g g e niu s lo c i , chaotic yet prosperous, abustle yet desolate.
Next to Rio Pinheros, with the Osasco Railway Station to its west and the University of Sao Paulo to its South, the site is in a strategic position.
Origin of the city
City Hub
It was around the markets that the first cities were f o r m e d . T h e t ra d i n g of goods has been the essence of urbanity.
The site, located in one of the functional gateways to the c it y, ha s the potential to become a new centrality sway from the old one.
Chaotic Prosperity
Mixure of use
Chaotic prosperity is the main spir it of market that we persue in this design. We believe that spontaneity, fluidity, and diversity are the keys.
We propose to facilitate the spontaneous mixture of use by providing a great platform, on which all kinds of functions may grow in small units
Ville Radieuse
Block morphology
Le Corbusier seperated pedestrians and vehicle in "ville radieuse". However its large-blockde velopment p at ter n deprives a city of its vigor.
There are t wo t ypical kind of block types in Sao Paulo. Each of the two contrasted blocks has its own merits and dismerits. We intend to combine the two types.
GROWING UNITS ON THE PLATFORM SEPERATE LAYERS OF DEVELOPMENT
CONGESTION AND EFFICIENCY TOWERS FOR POPULATION DENSITY
PUBLIC TRANSPORT FOR MOBILITY
Old factories Galleriy
Cultural and Creative industry
Old factories Cafe
Book store Clinic
Residential Pet shop
Office towers
Restaurant Social housing
Landmark
Public Park
Bakery Bicycle path
Residential mix
Lofts
Theatre
Flower shop
Incubators
Food market
Private enterprise
Kindergarten
1.The TOWERS provide land efficiency and population density for the MARKET.
2.The MARKET spreads its CHAOTIC PROSPERITY throughout the area.
High-rise towers take the space of the upper layer (12m-100m above the platform) to meet the gowing needs for residential and office space. Different types of offices and housings are balancedly distributed across the whole area. These towers only own a small portion of bottom land on the Ground Platform, in which structures and lifts are built.
A huge platform is built to seperate pedestrians with vehicles and logistics, as well as to provide space for the the free growth of small units. The 0m-12m space above the Ground Platform is to be developed in a traditional small-plot pattern: each block is divided into long and narrow plots and traded separately. Small houses are built and metabolized spontaneouly according to the "market-way", providing mixed functions.
The densely distributed towers can hold enough population, and simultaneously the ground of the city is freed.
Therefore, via this fluidity and diversity, the renaissance of the chaotic prosperity of the market is achieved.
To train station and suburbs
Carpark Civil service Library
Bus stop
Lift Escalator
To city centre
Storage
Market and Metro Station Stadium
New Metro line
Interchange Metro station
Museum and Lawn To train station
Rechanneled CPTM line
Social Housing
Underground Highway
3.The "MARKET" is MEMORIALIZED as a manifestation of a new urban framework.
4.The INFRASTRUCTURE facilitates the new market pattern development.
The featured space pattern of the original site is retained and strengthened as a megastructure. A market and other communal facilities are implanted into the megastructure, so that it becomes the structural and spiritual center.
In this design, roads are distributed in the most efficient intervals, a new subway line is added to connect the site with the old city center and the train station in the west, the original rail way and high way are rechanneled underground. Carparks and logistics take the 6-meter space under the platform. Furthermore, we take the concept of "infrastructure" a step further so that it not only includes materialistic aspects, but also the platform upon which small units grow, as well as ordinances which regulate land property.
The Central Market is thus memorialized as a city landmark, and forces its influence across the entire city and finally becomes the manifestation of the "Market spread".
All those mentioned aspects of infrastructure guarantee the healthy growth of the vigorous market city.
The master layout plan shows a wholistic image of the design-picturing the towers, the megastructure, and the growing units on the platform. The drawing above illustrates how the site is connected with other places in the city of Sao Paulo.
PLATFORM RESIDENTIAL
OFFICE TOWERS TO CITY CENTRE
MARKET NEW METRO LINE TO OSASCO RAILWAY STATION
GROWING UNITS
STREET LIFE PUBLIC PARK
INFRASTRUCTURE RIO PINHEROS TO UNIVERSIDADE SAO PAULO
Original Figure | Land Use Building Height | Road Network Platform & Greens | Public Transport
Swimming pool Residential tower
Highline Park Structural columns Escatators Grwoing Units Car park Lift Bicycle ramp Logistics & storage Bus stop
Towers (>12m) Residential, Office
Growing Units (0 - 12m) Small scale businesses Individual plots of land
Infrastructure (<0m) Platform, transport, logistics
A typical block consists of three divided layers: parking and storage floor beneath the platform (-7~0m), growing units on the First-floor Platform (0~12m) which can fit in all functions, and residential and office towers above (12-100m) that are built for land efficiency.
HOTEL Metropolis A New Building Typology A Redefinition of Publicity A Response to Urbanity
Instructor: Liu Boying Designer: Jingchao Sheng Design studio May 2017, Tsinghua University
This design tries to interpret publicity by the redistribution of functions and the alienation of form. The tradional functionbased "poduim+tower" stereotype is disconstructed. A new type of architecture is presented, following the idea of "Vertical Skism" but not "Lobotomy", with public functions circled on the top. The design sited on Wudaokou-"The center of universe", where this new architecture mostly subverts the homogeneous introcersity of all other urban buildings
The Connections
Lobotomied Introversity
Medieval Paris
Delirious Ner York
Archigram
Beijing, China
Redistribution of Functions
Strong visual and actual connections are established in the design, where there are no architectual connections between the buildings,
The Flip
Fragments of Architectural Connection
Vapid Cassettes
Alienation of Form Interactions with surroundings
The sketching above shows how the efficiencybased distribution of functions in a typical hotel is subverted. The sketching on the right shows the idea of the form and how it interacts with surroundings.
Form is alienated by the unconventional distribution of functions, while others' follow the homogenous and vapid rule of efficiency.
The Outcome
The "Hotel Metropolis" interacts radically yet positively with its surroundings, which consist of highrise towers, the Metro station, and the ground.
Absurd yet Realistic Collage
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Most public functions that may enjoy visual contacts between the city are circled on the 2 rooftop floors, and others are arranged around the atrium space. The facade and the form directly reflect the distributions of functions and people's activities inside, dramatically demonstrating the concept of "publicity".
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Second floor plan
1. Main entrance 2. Hotel entrance 3. Main lifts 4. Hotel lobby 5. Lobby 6. Hotel reception 7. Mini Bar 8. Multi-function hall (under) 9. Atrium and event space 10.Auditorium (under)
11.Skylight for ground floor 12.Emergency staircase 13.Hotel service lift & Fire lift 14.Food and garbage lift & Fire lift 15.Shops 16.Meeting Room 17.Office 18.Storage and Service 19.Carpark
Eleventh floor plan
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Main Lifts Multi function rooms Rooftop garden Book Boutique & Cafe Italian Restaurant (under) Bar Atrium void Chinese Restaurant Club reception
10.Change rooms 11.Sauna 12.Gymnasium 13.Swimming pool 14.Gallery 15.Emergency staircase 16.Service lifts & Fire lift 17.Storage and Service
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Detail Section 1. Skylight glass 2. 500*200 I-Beam 3. Steel strand 4. Gutter 5. Alumiun plating 6. Facing layer 7. SBS Water proof 8. 2% Slope 9. 80 Insulation 10.Roof slab 11.900*500 Main beam 12.600*400 Ring beam
Floor Plans B2. B1. 1F. 3-8F. 9F. 10F.
N-S Section
Service rooms, E&M 107 park slots Shops, reception, halls, KTV 390 rooms Kitchen, cooling towers Dining, E&M,
W-E Section
DRIFTERS COMMU NE Instructors: Li Hu, Luo Ren, Ye Qing Partners: Huang Changming, Xue Jingfan, Dang Zhen Studio of Master Architects, April 2016, Tsinghua University
This project responds to the housing predicament of low-income population in Megacities with a typical slab outside Fuchenmen Gate. We radically designed a self-operating system "Commune", which can continuously provide affordable housing after a single government subsidy. The original building is also renovated so that the residential space appeals to migrant workers and college graduates. This building is considered as a prototype, whose new mechanism may be rolled out to all other similar slabs built in the 1980s.
Migrant Population
ĺ&#x152;&#x2014; 亏 10,300,000
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-1,700,000
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Micro City This single slab can be regarded not only as a mere community, but also a micro-city: An organism with a circulating yet stable population, a dynamic yet self-sustained economy, and mixed yet partitioned zones. Economy & Service
Diversity of Residents
Public Places & Streets
Operating Public Services
Diverse House Types
Street Corridor
12m2
21,700,000
Expected population change 2016-2020
Averge housing space per capita
1,520,000 7.6%
82% tap water
2,720,000 13.6% 3,760,000 18.8%
12,000,000 60.0%
Family status of migration people
50% steady shower
56% proper toilet
Housing facilities of migrant families Migrant opulation
Commune
Local population
The growing population with low income, such as migrants and graduate students, are sufferinng from a housing predicament in megacities.
A commune is a non-profit Public Economy, whose members operate the commune with equal rights. "Communers" are simultaneously investors, founders, builders, operators and residents.
Original Building and Similar Slabs
Funds Government Subsidy
$240,000,000 - $120,000,000 = $120,000,000
Buy
Commune
Shifting Population New people come Communers
This 39-year-old slab is located on the Second Ring Road of Beijing. With solid structure yet poor furnishing, it accomodates various kinds of people such us teenage employees, school families and the elderly. There are nearly 200 similar slabs in Beijing that were built in the 1970s, whose residents adding up to 250,000. This single slab is regarded as a prototype.
This slab is a rebirth of the socialist residence as a self-sustaining economy, providing affordable housing. It is also the epitome of an utopian society, one with openness, publicity, diversity, and equality.
Become Communers
Communers Leave
To-be Communers
Renters
Responsibilities & Entitlements
Rent
Shares for Maintenance Owenership
Right to Vote
Free access to Guaranteed Facilities Housing
Public Functions
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Public functions are distributed along the corridor street, accessible to not only residents but also all citizens. The Commune itself operates these functions, providing jobs to communers and making profits to sustain itself as an economy.
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Kindergarten
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Youth Hostel Entrance & Public Living Room
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Housing Different house types are designed according the original structures and are distributed along the corridor street. A to-be communer may pay annual share for owenership to eventually join the commune. The price of housing is not evaluated by the market, but by the commune itself instead, in order to constantly provide affordable housing and to balance the commune's revenue.
The youth hostel 6m2/person, $12/bed/day It is the "arrival city " for those who want to temporarily settle down to seek jobs ecperience the commune life.
Short-term Rents 15m2/person, $18/m2/month Service Apartments are affordable and decent dwellings for the "North-Drifters" before they join the cummune.
Guaranteed housing 15m2/person, $5000/m2 Every communer owns a flat as his share of public property. They have equal rights to the managements of the commune.
Changable housetype 15m2/person, $5000/m2 The composition of the population continuosly shifts. Flexible floor slabs and staircases allow flats to merge and split.
Corridor Street The Corridor Street, starting from the ground, spirals upward and connects all the functional public spaces. The Street Corridor is the interfacing area between various types of residents, as well as the outward extension of one's private space. The rooftop gardens are suitable to hold various events, such as BBQ parties and outdoor cinemas.
An individual gallery is openned on the top to support various folk artisans. There is also a kindergarten on the rooftop.
The Gym and the Sports Club appeal to white- collar workers in the business area across the street, many living in this commune.
Steel structures replace original ones to make larger space for public funstions.
Main entrance is at the South.
A canteen and the kitchen is on the third floor, along with other community service, including post office, the commune regulations, and convenience shops.
The restaurant offers job opportunities to the communers, as well as profits to the commune.
Each 6-10 apartments share a small foyer, which connect the flats with the corridor .
Non-structural walls on the ground floor are emptied to make space for bicycles and greens
There is a continuous garden on top of the corridor, where the elderly can grow their flowers and children can play
The Youth Hostel consists of 81 rooms of different types, accomodationg 250 residents. Its reception is also a public living room which can hold various events.
Three new lifts are added respectively next to the old ones Different housetypes fit into old structural walls. Kitchens and toilets are designed where original pipelines are built.
Value Void Viability Variety
AN ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODEL
Instructor: Jorge Fiori, Elena Pascolo, Rodrigo O'Malley Partner: Humaira Kabir, Marcel Rofatto Architectural Association, MArch Housing& Urbanism Complex Assemblies Design studio, Regenerative Urbanism June 2019
The project proposes an alternate delivery model for Ebbsfleet, a brown field periphery site, to capture the currently neglected values like ecology, variety, and long-term stewardship, which will encourage a regenerative cycle of transformation based on dynamic values sets. This model leverages a complex tool of fixes and flexes, which consists of interwoven limit lines and the designing of partnerships and negotiation, in order to recalibrate development process to produce a institutionally, financially and environmentally robust scheme.
Site and Context As the first station of the Eurostar, Ebbsfleet is strategically located in the Thames Eusturary 2050 Vision. The current proposal by Ebbsfleet Development Coorporation (EDC) is a landuse-led master plan, marketing it as Garden City of 21st Century. Currently.All the land have been sold in large parcels to big developers, but, development near the station has been stagnant, while repetitive residential neighbourhoods have been under construction.
Strategic location
Current proposal
Ongoing development
Considering the land has not yet been sold, this project uses the brown field site as a testing ground.
Case Study: Voids In OMA's proposal of Melun Senart, what is defined is not the built, but the unbuilt, which is the greens, the ecology, and the preserved. Void is the fundamental tool of urban governance. This design takes the idea a step further.
Melun Senart
Melun Senart
Regen Village
We are looking at Regen Village in terms of the amount and program of the void to be self sustainable. Approximately 35% of void is used for agriculture, ecology, events, and other productive uses.
Case Study: Delivery model In an experimental delivery model in Tubingen, perimeter blocks are devided into small plots to support 130 Baugruppen groups, which are given full institutional support. The ground floor is regulated by local autority. In the initial stage of Hafencity, several developers are brought together to use the same morphology to deliver a range of uses.
Tubingen, Baugruppen Housing
Tubingen, development stages
Hafencity, Initial stage
These two cases marks the importance of bringing together future stakeholders to negotiate, which will reduce risk and produce variety and coherence.
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A Strategy and a Starting Point
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The operational strategy consists of the spatial framework an institutional framework which allows a matrix of differently valued territories and actors to adjust, collaborate with and enhance each other.
1. Connected to Swanscombe Training program Library and community service Startup space 2. Ebbsfleet International Branch offices Live here and work in london Shopping mall
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3. Natural capital Research and institutions Residential 4. Medical campus (proposed by GLA) Health and well-being Big sheds of production
With identified local advantages, development is encouraged to initiate dispersely on currently low value land, rather than at a single point.
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Plot Division
Starting points
Value
Void
Viability
Variety
This delivery model aims not only at capturing a set of values, but also at establishing an institutional framework that can accomodate dynamic values.
A network of static and dynamic voids acts as productive landscape, spatial structure, and reservoirs for future developments.
A system of viability index ensures the contribution of each plot to the wider urban area. This index allows different actors to contribute what they are good at.
By overlaying multiple systems, this delivery model creates differentiated land, which inpires various programs and spaces.
Ecology, variety, longterm stewardship, and urban integrity are values that are mainly considered in this proposal. The negotiation process embedded in the spatial framework will be correspondent to localized assets and resilient to shifts.
The spatial structure of voids interweaves with plot divisions and roads. It acts not only as public space and micromobility network, but also as a tool to distribute responsibility, and to articulate the relationship between the public space and architecture.
Viability points include a series of parameters like social value, shared responsibilities, reduced risk factors, ground floor control, mixed-funding and financial returns, eco-productivity, etc.
Different plot size, ownership models, and different relationship to infrastructure and voids jointly drive a unique urban process that generates a variety of tenure and stewardship patterns, different housing typologies, and a spectrum of productive activities.
Stages of development
These drawings use the site near Swanscombe (No.1) as an example to show the different stages of development. Through gradual development of trials, continuous renewal of evaluation and management takes place, enabling a better synergized value. A closer dialogue among the stake holders is enabled not only by the participation of local authority (EDC). Through the process, EDC will be looking for forming Partnerships, as well as continuous renewal of evaluation and management, accomodating changes and better synergy.
1. Plots, voids, roads are made on the plan by the EDC. Identified actors, such as a library that might provide training schools and start-up office companies, are brought together to decide the strategic location (in this case, south to Swanscombe) and to identify the common vision.
Bio-Diversity Conservation
2. After a period of 2-5 yeas, the fisrt clusters are built. According the evaluation of the already built, more plots are handed to the next round of actors with different ownership patterns.
Student-Housing Community-led Agriculture
Cared living
Training Centre
Leisure
3. After 15-20 years, some of reservoir voids may be sold/ rent at high land-value and the surplus can be efficiently re-invested by the EDC into infrastructure or subsidy
Co-working Studios
Public Parks
Temporary Event Spaces Botanic Research
1. Voids
An Interweave of limit lines Roads
An interweave of limit lines, voids, roads, diverse land ownership patterns and a viability index leads to a multi-layered urban area instead of a conventional masterplan. The interweave has two key advantages:
Plot division Construction area
Firstly, it forms a spatial matrix that creates inherently differentiated characteristics of each plot through layering. The size of the buildable area, the relationship to the voids and roads, and the owenership pattern all together inform a certain specific range of possible uses. Secondly, it establishes a framework that ensures shared responsibility and negotiations. One has to design and maintain the roads and void within his own plot, while negotiation is compulsory in certain areas.
Static void: no-build area
Anticipated Buildings
Constant Void Resevoir Voids Dynamic Voids +4 +5
Viability requirement Negotiation area Ground floor control
A network of voids are divided into 3 broad categories: static, dynamic and reservoirs. Static voids are fixed, while dynamic ones are fixed in quantum but flexible in shape. Reservoir voids are preserved in the initial stages and sold/rented after years of development. They together form an assembly of large green corridors and smaller distributed lots for eco-productivity, temporary structures, and reservoirs for future changes. The framework encourages a shared responsibility through entire or fragmented ownership.
Static void (10m wide): no-build area 10m width * 10m height Dynamic void (30m wide): 50% unbuilt, 15% productive 30m width Dynamic void (20m wide): 70% unbuilt 20m width Dynamic void (plots in static voids): 70% unbuilt Resevoir voids: unbuilt for 10 years
2. Plot divisions
Ownership division Plot sub division
3. Viability index Plot sub division
Construction area
Plots are devided into different size and ownership patterns to ensure multiple types of stakeholders, in order to accomodate a range of program, typologies, and lifestyles.
For civic “Anchors” Sold to identified actors
For example, some plots are developed by EDC or community land trusts, rented with reduced rate but strict conditions; some large parcels of land are sold freely on market to enable flexibility and development progess.
Sold to and from EDC only
The plot subdivisions are fixed. The plot that is developed by one stakeholder is negotiated , which might even consist of different ownership patterns. Strategically, smaller plots with various ownership patterns are assembled together in the initial stage to bring a variety of actors to kickstart with lower risk and greater variety.
Rent with conditions
Sold in free market Rent to identified actors
Rent in market Flexible plot Reservoir voids
+4 +5
Viability requirement Compulsory negotiation area Ground regulations with spcification
The viability index sets an criteria that enables each actor to contribute what he is good at. Each plot subdivision is compulsury to score enough designated points. For every extra 1 point, 5% subsidy is granted by the EDC. For example, a research institution might operate a specialized training workshop; a co-op housing might deliver more affordable housing and gain more government subsidy.
Compulsory, +0: • Maintain and operate the voids; • Reach a negotiated outcome in certain areas; • Ground floor facade transparent, Operated by EDC: without specification, 20% with specification, 50%; • Promise of occupation;
Lower investment, +1: • Work space (non residential, non retail, non public institution): 30%-50%; • <1500m2 per similar flat type & > 4 flat types; • Rooftop greens or solar panels >60%; • Rent land from EDC • Philantropy capital
Higher investment, + 3: • Provide community services: library / kindergarten / primary school / elderly nursary / church / etc.; • Public carpark: number=own expected users; • Affordable tenacy of houusing / workspace, under 60% market price: 25% (stackable); • Collaborative design method;
Anticipated Outcome 1. Local authorities 2. Library 3. Training program 4. Affordable workspace 5. Market housing 6. Co-op housing 7. Affordable housing 8. Shopfront 9. Largespan space 10. Elderly nursery 11. Temporary structure 12. Kindergarten 13. Food processing
The drawings on this page and the first page shows the anticipated and encouraged spatial outcome. They highlights the articulation between building and voids, the variety of space and program, and the negotiated outcome of a coherent ground floor mobility system.
Limit lines and outcome
Mobility and ground
Program and secondary ownership
Owenership division
Dynamic voids
Cars
Main entrances
Residential
Sold
Responsibility area
No-built area
Bikes
Hiearchy of spaces
Productive and work
Rent
Ownership patterns
Negotiated outcome
Pedestrian
Scoring the viability index
Library +3 Rooftop garten +1 Training program +3
Colabborative design +3 Rooftop garden +1 25% affordable housing +3 Rented land +1 Subsidy 10%
+7
+6
Public functions
34% workspace Rooftop solar panels Carpark Rented land Subsidy
+1 +1 +3 +1 5%
+5
Nurser fo rthe elderly +3 Rooftop +1
Reservoir void Future building Temporary structure
Kindergarten +3 Collaborative design +3 Rooftop garden +1 5% subsidy
+4
reservoir
+6
Site analysis
A complex drawing of Via Verde Diagram of design intentions
Studies of Switzerland housing projects
Detail Section
Research of Workspace
Typical big floor plan
Long section
Instructors: Dominic Papa, Elad Eisenstein AA H&U, Term 1 Workshop 1, Oct 2018 Partner: Stefan Weber
The drawings above shows our exploration of the Google HQ, designed by BIG and now under construction in Kings Cross. Through a thorough investigation into the trend of activity and communication based workspace and a range of other google office buildings, we were able to understand how this mega "landscaper" will function, and then constructed our own version of detailed plan and section out of only several BIG's original diagrams we've found.
An imagined section of Barbican
Research of Housing
Explorations of typological changes
Instructors: Lawrence Barth, Anna Shapiro AA H&U, Term 1 Workshop 2, Nov 2018
In this exercise, we as a group investigated a set of residential projects, which are categorized acording to typological reasoning. This set of drawings above aims at re-interpreting "ViaVerde", an affordable housing project in NewYork which subtly assembles different types of flats into one morphology. I looked into the process of its financial and institutional support, cross referenced other projects like Barbican and Switzerland Co-op Housing, and explored its potentials that might be repeated across scales.
5 mechanisms of urban transformation -original; typological evolution; infill and intensification; block restructure; beautiful infrastructure; special project
Second floor plan in Axon 18m-sructure with a double space and its variations
Infill and intensification - different density
Infill and intensification - morphological variations
Third floor plan
Section
Design of an Multiuse Floor Plan
12m-sructure and its variations
Instructors: Elena Pascolo, Rodrigo O'Malley AA H&U, Term 1 Workshop 3, Dec 2018
In the workshop, we explored the concept of "Porous City". This design addresses the speculative flexibility of use. The master plan consists of various arrangements of these 2 sets of linear block structure, respectively 12m and 18m in depth. Each one, embedded with pipelines, can be adapted into a range of uses: single studio, nuclear family, shared living, open space office, etc. The circulation of workspace and residential area in one building is seperated and carefully layered on the Ground.
Infill and intensification - a larger scale
Balanced City
Infill and intensification restructure flats
Beautiful infrastructure
Instructors: Anna Shapiro, Alexandra Chechetkina, PaweĹ&#x201A; Pedrycz AA H&U, Term 3 Warsaw Workshop, May 2019 Partners: Ewa, Gabriela, Sungeun, Hao
During the joint workshop with Warsaw Polytechnique University, we investigated how the existing morphology of one urban area can adapt to future changes, and how it can lead to a framework of governance that can accomodate complimentary differences. I mainly explored infill and intensification in Sluzew, looking into how new buildings can work with existing ones to form variations of open space, accomodate multiple uses, and support different ways of residential life.
Industrial Heritage in 798 Art District sketch from life, Feb 2014 My first guitar
Traveled to France and Belgium Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Brussels, Bruges, Aug 2014 Design "Travel in Britain" Board Game British Culture Course, Mar 2015 Footpringts of Tsinghua Architecture Construction Project, Sep 2014
Photo of the Wind and Rain Bridge Brave New World plus about 40 books, 2014 Journey of Watercolor Art course, paint from life, Qingdao Studio of CAAD Rhino, grasshopper
Traveled to Mount Huangshan Mount Huangshan, Hongcun village, Xidi Village, July 2015 Hongcun Village Watercolor, paint from life, July 2015 Recover Ancient Yangzhou Study of ancient map, Oct 2015 The School of architecture rebuilt Architecture design studio, June 2015
Drifters' Commune Studio of Master Architects, May 2016 Printed collage and studio life Studio of Master Architects, Apr 2016
Kam village Acrylic painting Preservation project "Building Heritage of the Kam Minority" 1:1 construction model, July 2015, sponsored by UNESCO
Birth
Nov 30, 1994
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University
Aug, 2013
Born with curiosity asking "WHY?" Love to play Legos Have a little sister Played Piano Traveled to many places Enjoy drawing and painting Designed several board games Studied advanced Chemistry
Constitution of Space Design studio, Nov 2014 Dougong in Peking University Sketch from life, Feb 2014 Vers Une Architecture plus about 20 books, 2013
Fire dragon Fascimile, acrylic painting, Aug 2014 Still life Watercolor painting, Dec 2014 Traveled to Japan Tokyo, Yokohama, Mount Fuji July 2014
West Mountain Tourist Center Architecture design studio, Nov 2014 Flying Eaves in Hangzhou Sketch from life Traveled to Southern China Hangzhou, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Jan 2015
Delirious New York plus about 40 books, 2015 Survey of ancient Chinese architecture July 2016, Erlang Temple, Shanxi, built in 1183 Survey Drawing
Wudao Street City Complex Design studio, June 2016 Solo Journey to Hong Kong Acrylic Painting, Aug, 2016 Apolo Acrylic Painting, still life, Aug 2016
Principles of Econnomics plus about 40 books, 2017 Zizai House Renovation Design Studio, Feb 2018 Internship in HK Aedas May2017 - Aug 2017
The Republic plus about 40 books, 2016 Quick Design Test Marker drawing, Sep 2016 Exhibition planning "The Wings of Icarus" Planning, layout and execution June 2016
Research on Housing Term 1 Studio 2, Nov 2018 Study Trip to Switzerland Dec 2018
Traveled to Western China Lanzhou, Zhangye, Dunhuang, Xining, Aug 2017 Photo of Mogaoku Dunhuang, Aug 2017 The Market City Manifesto Schindler Global Awards competetion, urban design, Dec 2016
Housing By People plus about 20 books, 2018 Complex Assemblies Term 2 Studio, Mar 2019 Joint Workshop in Warsaw May 2019
Architectural Association, MArch Housing& Urbanism
Sep, 2018
Hungry for knowledge, Hopeful for the future. May 2019 HK Univ of Science and Technology Photograph, May 2017 Within modernity Collage, May 2016
Hotel Metropolis Design studio, May 2017 Hybrid Urban Matrix "Repatching the City" , Dec 2016
Traveled to HongKong Solo Aug 2016 Paradise Found 2074 "8+Colleg" Graduate Design, June 2018 Multi Reality Urban Public Space Design, Japan Architects, Oct 2017 Changzhou Island Sketch from life, July 2017, HK
Reconstruction of the clock Prague, Color Pencil, Apr 2019 Translate of several texts Urban Design Thinking, Book by Kim Dovey American Vitruvius, Book by Werner Hegeman Exodus or the Voluntary Prisoners of Architecture, Project by Koolhas Travelled in Europe York, Belfast, Manchester, Berlin, Prague, Budapest, Vienna, 2018-2019
Thank You James Sheng
Thanks to my father, my mother, and my sister for their unconditional love Thanks to Prof. Zhong Ge and Prof. Liu Boying for their recommendation, thanks to all my teachers for their instrusctions and guidance in my college life Thanks to Jorge, Larry, Elena, Anna, Dominic, Elad, Rodrigo, and Francesco for my ongoing studies Thanks to Pierre Tong and the entire Aedas team for the unforgettable internship Thanks to Tang Qizhen, Wen Hanqiang, Cao Lei, Liang Xiao, Huang Changming, Xue Jingfan, Dang Zhen, Marcel, and Humaira, for their cooperation in our designs Thanks to Pangzi, Chengzi, Jiafan, Yuqing, Guoqian, Qiushi, Cindy, Mou, Yiying, Peilin, Shu, Godwin, Kelvin, Manasa, Lily, Carol, Stefan, Yasmina, and all my friends for their support and advice Thanks to all others who have helped me during the process Hybrid Urban Matrix 33% Research 50% Network of nodes 15% The megastructure 33% Drawings
The Market City Manifesto 40% Research 33% Design concept 45% Detail design 40% Drawings
Drifters' Commune 33% Design concept 25% Corridor street 80% Housing 40% Drawings
Dynamic Value Matrix 40% Concept and strategy 30% Research 40% Text 90% Drawings
+44 7553958588; Jingchao.Sheng@aaschool.ac.uk, 1154651003@qq.com; Room 94-2, 15-27 Britannia St, London, WC1X9AH (Temporary)