Crowd Creation by James Tuckerman

Creation

Crowd Michelangelo’s The Creation of Man (Fragment of the Sistine Chapel ceiling) 1511-12

SOCIAL MEDIA’S KILLER APPLICATION Derived from : Jeff Howe, Crowdsourcing

Crowd Creation

Social Media’s Killer Application The Book

Jeff Howe, Crowdsourcing

Speed RAP

Mass production is now in the hands of the masses. And, it’s got nothing to do with standardized, low-quality, generic products. Instead, Crowdsourcing is the smoking gun. It’s the Weapon of Mass Construction for those wired to the web and online communities. It’s collaboration at a global scale. Finally, we might just make this world work!

The Big Idea

The killer application of social media is crowdsourcing. User-generated content allows the user to create a crowd - connect with me, link with me, be my friend. And, with a crowd you can create almost anything. You can even change the world... of media, communities and government.

Your Challenge

Create, connect and collaborate. Your new mission is to inspire a crowd and get them thinking and working together. What are you going to create? RESOURCES : anything you use to generate wealth. ACTIONS : an act of will, a deed completed. PROFITS : to gain an advantage or benefit.

Contents : Crowd Creation

Book Rapper Issues are not direct summaries of the books we review. We take what we consider to be the most important ideas from the book. We then re-package these key ideas so you can easily digest them in about 30 minutes. We also make it clear how you can take decisive action to benefit from these insights. In some parts we follow the book closely and in others we add our own models and interpretations. Given the Book Rapper Issue is much smaller than the book we may not cover each chapter. If you want more details than what’s in this issue, we say ‘buy the book’.

BR Review : Crowd Sourcing RAP1 : Professional Amateurs RAP2 : Four Types of Crowdsourcing RAP3 : Crowd Decisions

Here’s a couple more Book Rapper issues to fuel your crowd creations... The basic principle of crowd sourcing is that crowds are more than just an unruly mob. This issues explores the keys to a wise crowd. Plus, the forgotten side of innovation and the surprising key to business success. Derived from James Suriowieki’s The Wisdom of Crowds.

RAP4 : Crowd Creations RAP5 : Crowd Filtering RAP6 : Crowd Funding RAP7 : Digital Natives RAP8 : The Crowd Rules

What does crowd sourcing look like? This issue highlights a range of business examples covering innovation, sales, customer service, finance, production and management. Derived from a book that was shaped by the crowd: Barry Libert and Jon Spector - plus a thousand contributors - We Are Smarter Than Me.

BR Context : Social Media’s Killer Application Action Plan : Be the Crowd

The power of the crowd is linked to the power of network effects. As the crowd multiplies, it creates new opportunities. This issue also highlights the impact of the crowd on blurring the boundaries of traditional business. You, your customers and your competitors just merged. Derived from Amy Shuen’s Web 2.0: A Strategy Guide.

BR Review : Crowdsourcing

Jeff Howe; Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business; Random House Business Books; London, 2008.

Précis

Jeff Howe

If a colony of termites can work together to build a mansize home to live in, then what is possible if a bunch of humans got together? Crowdsourcing is the new means of production that’s transforming the way we work and live together.

Jeff Howe coined the term crowdsourcing in a ground breaking article in Wired Magazine in 2006. As a journalist for 15 years he’s travelled the world covering a wide range of stories. He’s a former senior editor at Inside. com and currently a contributing editor at Wired magazine. He lives in Brooklyn with his wife, children and pet labrador. Current project : One Book, One Twitter. It poses the question: What if everyone on Twitter read the same book at the same time and we formed one massive, international book club? http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/03/one-book-onetwitter/ Hashtag : #1b1t Twitter : http://twitter.com/Crowdsourcing Jeff’s Blog : http://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/cs/

Features • Where did crowdsourcing start and what’s driving it? • Chapters on each of the 4 main types of crowdsourcing • A book cover designed by the crowd • The new crowd - the rise of the Digital Natives. • Rules and guidelines for crowdsourcing

Benefits The Past, Present and Future : Get your head around the origins of crowdsourcing, current applications and the near future now.

Who’s It’s For Those of you interested in creating a tribe, stirring a movement or leading a revolution. May the crowd be with you!

Book Rapper Thinks... A crucial topic and a pivotal text. This book is a look over the horizon to see what’s coming. Read it to find your place in the future.

Wired Bio : http://www.wired.com/services/press/center/ bios#jeff_howe#ixzz0pfBvHvzQ Book Trailer : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCM7w1 1Ultk&feature=player_embedded Publisher’s Page : http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/ display.pperl?isbn=9780307396204 The Original Article http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html More Wired Articles - part of the same feature http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/labor.html http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/look.html

RAP1 : Professional Amateurs

PROFIT : A Pro-Am is a golf tournament with professionals playing alongside amateurs. And, with the flood of information available on the internet, it’s the likely new scenario for your industry and your profession. It’s also the source of crowdsourcing.

Your New Competition The gap between amateurs and professionals has shrunk.

Amateurs

The previous professional advantage of ‘exclusive information’ has been drowned in the flood of information now available via the Internet.

ProAm

You can now watch leading thinkers on Ted.com or take a course from world class universities at AcademicEarth.org And, you can now use your computer to create world class work or buy a telescope to spot the stars at a professional level.

Professionals 2000

Amateurs are now competitors for professionals. The first industry to be overtaken by the crowd was professional stock photography. Magazines and the like often purchased stock photography for several hundred dollars rather than pay the thousands for an exclusive customized shot. Then along came iStockphoto and friends. With crowdsourced content from amateurs they undercut their competitors by 90% and reinvented the industry. Now you can buy a professional photo for a few dollars. The first academic discipline to be overtaken by the amateurs was birdwatching or Ornithology. With many more eyes the amateurs can spot what is often missed by the academics. Including, in the case of the Cozumel Thrasher, spot a bird the academics had thought was extinct.

Who’s an Amateur? The traditional definition of an amateur focuses on money. If you’re earning money from your efforts it’s professional, otherwise you’re an amateur. Whilst many amateurs are hobbyists and enthusiasts there are many working to professional standards. They’re likely to have the knowledge, education, commitment and the network of a professional without the dollars. It’s likely they’re not motivated by money. Instead, they’re working in their spare time and devoting their excess capacity because they love to do it. And, this brings us back to the original definition of ‘amateur’. It comes from the latin root amare, which means to love. It’s time to think of Amateurs and Professionals on a spectrum and not as two separate boxes. We are now more than our business cards and it’s time to capitalize on the economic value the amateur class creates. In the online world this is crowdsourcing. And in this meritocracy qualifications or nationality count for little. What matters are the results you produce. And in some cases this favours the amateur as the untrained eye is untainted by what should be.

RAP2 : Four Types of Crowdsourcing

PROFIT : Where traditional outsourcing focuses on contracting out roles to a known third party, crowdsourcing is setting it loose to a generally large group of undefined people. It’s collaboration on steroids. Here we explore the four main types of crowdsourcing.

Decide

Fund

Innocentive allows scientists from around the world to solve problems company based R&D units cannot solve. And, they pay handsomely for the successful solutions.

Microfunding sites like kiva.org allow users to provide their spare cash to fund projects in third world countries.

Netflix the movie rental company created the Netflix Prize of $1,000,000 to attract a crowd to help them refine their recommendation system.

Create Open Source software is one of the original forms of crowdsourcing. Today this includes well known favourites such as Linux, Wordpress and Firefox. Software code was broken down into small chunks for programmers to refine in their spare time. The result is some of the most robust code about. Wikipedia is one of the best known examples of crowdsourcing. An army of volunteers from around the globe edit and update page listings. And when these small contributions are combined we have a very useful encyclopedia of knowledge.

decide

fund

create

filter

A Combination Usually, one or more of these types of crowdsourcing are used together. For instance, Threadless.com crowdsources t-shirt designs. A competition is set up for designers to contribute their work. Designs are voted upon and this determines which t-shirts go into production. And, since the t-shirt volumes are limited, a sell-out is assured with voters often buying their favourite one.

Alternatively, Obama used one of the most successful crowdsourcing programs to fund his political campaign through small donations from millions of supporters. Likewise, MyFootballClub used a similar approach to buy a football team in England. And in Holland, Sellaband allowed you to invest in and own a share in your own pop music group.

Filter American Idol and it’s spinoff shows around the world are a great way to sell music. They source the performers from the crowd and then let the audience cull them. And, what you’re left with is the most popular performer almost guaranteeing a best selling album. Flickr, the photo-sharing website has millions of images. That’s way too many for one group to sort. So they let all the users add their own tags.

RAP3 : Crowd Decisions

PROFIT : A wise crowd will consistently make better decisions than even the brightest individual. The key is how you aggregate their diverse opinions into a single solution. Here we discuss two main types of crowd decisions: innovation and prediction markets.

Innovating with the Crowd

Predicting With the Crowd

The current model of R&D in organizations is broken. Research budgets are increasing faster than the sales results they are producing.

The stockmarket is a form of prediction. Investors buy shares based on the expected future of a company. If the share price is rising, the prospects for that company are healthy.

As a result, Eli Lilly set up Innocentive. It’s a crowdsourcing initiative that turns traditional innovation on its ear. Typically, corporations limit outside access to information. Innocentive encourages the opposite. Companies crowdcast - they broadcast the problem they’re trying to solve to the widest possible audience. This sets up a classic competition to see who can solve the problem. And the people who do are usually experts from other fields of study. And, true to crowdsourcing, they’re solving problems in their spare time.

The Iowa Political Stock Market is used to predict election results. It works like a stockmarket with investors buying bids on what they think the election results will be. And, it consistently outperforms the best voter polls.

Innovation

Only the solution counts

Prediction Markets are like polls only more accurate. In polls, the foolish and the wise get one vote each. Whereas in a prediction market the wise are rewarded based on the results they predict and as a result their votes get more weight.

What’s even more surprising, 75% of problem solvers say they can know the solution as soon as they see the problem. Untainted eyes outwitting the trained.

To make it work you need a strong incentive to reveal private information. This is the advantage of the crowd each player knows a different piece of the puzzle and when combined you get a more accurate prediction.

This reflects the view that specific innovation challenges are often not about creating new knowledge, instead they’re about aggregating and utilizing what is already known.

You also need to build a tight community that is of sufficient size that it cannot be easily manipulated.

The key with innovation is that diversity trumps talent. And, the ultimate success of any one solution is not diminished by the number of unsuccessful attempts. In other words, the more ideas the better - as long as you have a way to select a winner. For success, you’ll need a diverse crowd with relevant expertise and independence - you don’t want a lot of interaction as this weakens the diversity of the group.

On the downside, this type of market works best with real dollars and unfortunately this is usually illegal. Virtual dollars or credits works to a lesser extent.

Prediction

Every response counts

RAP4 : Crowd Creations

PROFIT : Previously we’d allowed others to do our creating for us. Now, we’re back and more creative and better equipped than ever before. With our laptops as the means to production and the internet as our connection and distribution channel, crowd creation has changed our cultural real-estate. Welcome to the Creation Age!

Create

Food Crafts Singing Storytelling

Pre-Industrial

Create

Mass Media Mass Reproductions Jobs

Consume Industrial

No Free Lunch In our hyper-competitive global marketplace, the lure of better products at lower cost is enticing. Crowdsourcing can be part of the solution here - and it’s no free lunch. Anyone creatively participating in a crowd based project is going to want something in return. Traditional employment is based on time for money. And, one accepts to a greater or lesser extent that they will be told what to work on plus hand over the fruits of their labour at project’s end.

Crowd Currency

The currency for a crowdsourcer is very different to that of an employee. They may want... • Public acknowledgement for their efforts. We are living in a reputation economy! • To contribute to the decision making process, eg vote to decide who wins the competition they’re contributing to. • Transparency - they want to know what happens to their creative efforts that they’ve worked so passionately on.

Food Stuff Entertainment

Content

Create

Connections Crowdsource

Internet / Digital • To be part of a community and to learn and teach others in that community. • To participate in meaningful work. And whilst money may not be a primary motivation, if you’re making big dollars from their efforts they’ll expect some part of that. The key is to remember that working with a crowdsourcing community requires a decentralized approach. You don’t own the community. More likely, they own you!

Edit the Chaff

The secret to taking great photos is to take lots of them. This becomes even more important when the crowd has a wide spread of talent and expertise. If you gave 100 people a camera each only one is likely to return saleable photos. The rest will be ordinary. Thus, the key challenge for Crowd Creations is to cull the brilliant from the banal.

RAP5 : Crowd Filtering

PROFIT : Previously, professional editors chose what we watched, read and heard. Now, the crowd has replaced the gatekeeper as the arbiter of taste. This is not only useful, it’s essential. How else would you find a decent video on YouTube? Filtering relies on the crowd telling you what they think.

A Voting Culture We have flipped from a culture shepherded by gatekeepers to a voting culture. Collectively we’re determining the value of content - without censorship. This is an important shift in power from producers telling us what we’ll have to consumers voicing what they want. Reality TV shows such as American Idol tap into the crowd to determine who the real stars are. Whilst the celebrity judges may help us decide, in the end it’s us who votes. We determine who wins.

This is not new. We’ve been running best seller lists, popularity contests and other competitions for years. Now, it just got easier to get the audience involved. And as a result we’re seeing a flood of competitions for anything and everything from the flavour of chips to the design of book covers. Not only is the crowd creating the competition entries, they’re deciding who wins too. Plus, from a marketing point of view it’s a perfect model for customer feedback. The internet and the crowd is the largest focus group in history.

We can now find out what the crowd thinks before we go into production. And, we can all do it through Google they’ve already researched the crowd for us. Google’s PageRank is voting in hypertext. It’s based on the number of links a site has. Each link is like a vote or recommendation for that site and each site is ranked accordingly. Plus, if you receive a link from a site with a high ranking, that’s worth extra credit to you.

Whilst Google is automated, Ebay is not. Buyers and sellers rate each other with feedback points. It’s a folksonomy that sorts the gold from the dirt. Digg is designed to do exactly this. They give their audience the tools to vote and this determines the top stories of the day. Their secret is to let the crowd express their natural behaviour and they’ve designed a system to capture the results. The crowd is the new gatekeeper.

Participation Rates

Studies show that for every 100 people only one will create content, 9 will vote and filter and the remaining 90 will merely consume the content. The good news is we don’t need to convert our entire audience into creators. We simply need to design our systems for the different roles people want to play. (Also known as 1:10:89).

1 Creates

9 Filter

90 Consume

RAP6 : Crowd Funding

PROFIT : Where previous examples have relied on spare time to utilize one’s expertise, Crowd Funding relies on spare cash. And a little bit from a lot of people has the potential to create new models for funding culturally desirable activities. Here we look at four ways that the cost of production is being transferred to the crowd.

Social Banking

Political funding

Cultural Works

Artistic Projects

The Internet and digital technology has flattened hierarchies and directly connected those with money with those who need it.

Political fundraising has traditionally been based on sourcing money from crowds - albeit large donations from relatively few contributors.

The Obama small

New models for funding artistic projects have flourished in the music industry too. The goal is to transfer the cost of production to the crowd.

Kiva.org presents itself as the world’s first person-to-person micro lending website. It allows philanthropic first worlders to support third worlders beat poverty and enhance their living standards.

Whilst not the first to use the internet to raise campaign funds, Barack Obama achieved unprecedented success. He not only received

It follows from the work of Nobel Prize winner Muhammad Yunus who founded the Grameen Bank. By offering microloans with lowinterest it allowed villagers in Bangladesh to break generations of poverty and destitution. Their microloans were able to achieve what aid could not.

Authors, movie makers and artists can now attract micro-contributions to support their creations.

Political

Social

Cultural

more funding than both Hilary Clinton and John McCain he did it by receiving small donations.

Artistic

Obama was able to attract millions of campaign contributions from everyday folk with most donations under $50.

approach of seeking contributions from many people promises to create new models for supporting artistic and cultural funding.

One unusual example of this was William Brooks who launched MyFootballClub with the aim of buying a professional football team in the UK.

Radiohead offered a new album and asked fans to ‘pay what you want.’ A more structured approach was that of Sellaband in Holland. Whereas sites like MySpace enabled fans to support a band, Sellaband lets fans invest. This shift from mere friends to believers has encouraged a more proactive and evangelical crowd supporting the band and their music.

The goal was to receive £35 from 50,000 people and purchase the Ebbsfleet United Football Club.

Unlike Kiva, Sellaband is out to turn a profit and this is split three ways - band, believers and Sellaband.

In return the contributors would be able to vote on such things as the design of team jerseys and who would coach the team.

These examples highlight the eroding boundary and increasing collaboration between customers and companies.

This sets a new precedent for generating large scale, publicly accessible, cultural works.

Note : Not all good intentions get fulfilled. Sellaband was declared bankrupt in early 2010.

RAP7 : Digital Natives

PROFIT : If you’re thinking crowdsourcing is just some fanciful oddity then it’s likely you’re a Digital Immigrant - someone who saw your first computer at some time during your lifetime. In contrast, Digital Natives were born into the digital age. They don’t know a world without computers, the internet or mobile phones. And their expectations of what we can do online is shaping the future.

When were you born?

The Future Of Creation

If you were born in the late 1970’s you’re a Digital Native. Pretty much, your whole life has included computers, the internet, mobile phones, MP3 players and the like ever since you can remember.

The digital natives of today expect to create things.

For the rest of us, you may recall seeing a computer for the first time, surfing the web with a dial-up modem, seeing mobile phones that looked liked bricks, calling your camera a ‘digital camera’ and playing your first song on your computers.

Immigrants

Like an immigrant to a foreign country, some of us have had to adopt the new technology and effectively learn a new language. This is not to say that all Digital Immigrants are inept when it comes to technology. Some are, some aren’t. And it just seems like Digital Natives... just seem to know what to do... as if it was born into their genes or they’ve learnt it through osmosis.

In 2005, Pew Internet and American Life Project released a study called ‘Teen Content Creators and Consumers’. The study showed that 50% of all teens with Internet access weren’t just surfing the web consuming pages. They were creating content as well. In the US alone that equates to 15 million teens. Further, more than 40% or 9 million teens said they regularly were building web pages, contributing to others web pages, sharing original artworks, photos, stories or video and remixing content they’d found online.

Natives

Did you notice that study was FIVE years old? Wonder what the natives are up to now? Twitter? Facebook? YouTube? What’s next?

RAP8 : The Crowd Rules

Do It For Them

PROFIT : Going to the crowd is not an invitation for a free lunch. You’ll need to follow some basic principles to allow your crowd to flourish. Here’s ten suggestions to make your crowd sing and dance together.

Crowdsourcing is not a single strategy. It’s a combination of approaches with a common thread of sourcing from a crowd of diverse people. Fine-tune your business from a combination of decision, creation, filtering and funding models.

Smallest Bits

del

Right Crowd

t Mo igh

Right Cro wd

Bene volen t Dict ator Righ t Inc Em enti plo ves yee Sup por t

Different objectives require different crowds. A decision and creation crowd need more expertise than a filtering or funding one. There’s also a critical mass. You’ll need a decent sized crowd - probably around 5000 depending upon what you’re creating.

Smallest Bits

Break the work down into the smallest components. Think modules that fit together to a bigger whole. Wikipedia lets you edit a word, a sentence or a page. Think of the spare time your users have. Even 30 seconds is useful for someone to vote on a decision.

n mu

m Co

Benevolent Dictator

Crowds don’t work in isolation.They need guidance, direction and someone to answer their questions. Ideally you need leaders within your community and not some top-down autocrat.

hem

rt it fo

les

u yR

e Th

w La

p ra C f Cr ap

Crowdsourcing is not a free-for-all. It’s needs some structure and some support from paid employees who service and support your crowd. You’ll just need a lot less employees than a traditional business.

Right Model

Right Incentives

It’s easier to attract a crowd than keep one. You’ll need to understand what motivates your crowd. It will vary. Look for combinations of personal glory, interaction with peers, the opportunity to enhance their skills, cash or revenue sharing and being rewarded symbolically for their efforts.

An ti-

Employee Support

Reverse your thinking. It’s not what you can get from the crowd. It’s what you can do for them. You don’t own the crowd. More likely they own you. And, if they even sniff the thought that you’re taking advantage of them they’ll vote with their mouse and find somewhere else to devote their attention.

Anti-Crap

The Law of Crap

Sturgeon’s Law says that 90% of what gets produced will be sub-standard. Expect this.

The antidote to Sturgeon’s Law is to let the crowd filter out the gold from the rubbish. Let users vote, say they ‘like it’ and rate it with stars.

Community Rules

A dictator for your community is important as a moral and persuasive influence. Not as an absolute decision maker. The Digg riot of 2007 showed that the community will win at the end of the day. You can make all the decisions you want and the crowd will decide if they want to follow your lead or just plain leave. At best you get to guide the community forward.

BR Context : Social Media’s Killer Application How much time you do you waste everyday on Social Media? Be careful, that’s a trick question. It presumes Social Media is a waste. Is it? Has Social Media ever created anything useful for you? Or for anyone else?

Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter even give you hints and suggestions as to who to connect with. Instead of hanging out with people who just happen to be living close by we can now mingle with people with similar interests regardless of their location. This is important. Local communities and even family units are being superceded by interest groups.

What do you get out of posting a tweet, a blog or a ‘What’s on your mind’ update? To focus on the micro action of a single tweet or similar is to miss the point of Social Media. The key to understanding Social Media is to call it ‘User Generated Content’. Mass Media like TV, Radio and Newspapers were created by a few and spread to many. The user was the consumer not the creator.

Crowdsource

Social Media is created by many and spread to many. That’s why it’s called ‘social’ right? Every one gets to play. The simplest creation you can make on social media is your status update. Yeah, it’s innocuous, trivial and sometimes annoying. And it’s important and we’ll get to that in a moment. We can also create a blog post, video, tweet, web page, comment on someone else’s page, a Digg vote or a slideshow.

Connect Content

Once we’ve done this we want to share right? This is our chance to connect with our friends, families, colleagues, clients and strangers from around the world. And this is the important second step of Social Media. Sharing, connecting, friending, linking... being part of something. Social Media makes it very easy to connect.

And this leads us to our third step. Once you’ve connected enough people together you have the critical mass to make something happen. This is Crowd Creation. And here’s the killer piece... when a crowd glued together with similar interests gets together what are they going to do? Most likely, they’re going to want to create something together. Now, were’ not talking spontaneous creativity here. A little more structure is needed than that. Someone needs to declare a task, design it into bite-size chunks and structure it so the efforts of all can be combined into one big thing. Voila! Crowdsourcing - by the people, for the people.

Social Media is more powerful than simply connecting with other people. That’s merely the foundation for the pursuit of something bigger than all of us. The real power of Social Media is to create something that only a committed crowd of people can achieve. It is a Weapon of Mass Construction. And that means crowdsourcing. That’s the killer application. And it’s going to reorganize organizations and how we get things done. As they say in the classics, many hands make...

Actions : Be the crowd

PROFIT : Enough reading, it’s time for you to be the crowd. Here’s a list of actions you can take to get involved in crowdsourcing and experience it first hand. What are you waiting for? Start deciding, creating, filtering and funding things...

decide Crowd Decisions • Follow the highs, lows and patterns of the stockmarket and if you have the money invest it. • Brainstorm your next challenge, problem and opportunity with a crowd of colleagues. • Spot the betting odds before you make your next set of footy tips. Then the crowd will be factored into your decision making. • Start a suggestion box to accrue ideas from your entire team. • Check out IdeaJam to test your next innovation adventure. • Become an Ideator - be part of creating ideas for others through Melbourne based Yvonne Adele’s Ideas Culture. It’s a crowd sourced brainstorming business.

create Crowd Creations • Turn your phone, camera or webcam on and create a 30 second movie or take some photos. Then add them to YouTube, your blog, Flickr, Facebook... • Use open source software like Audacity to record an audio file and post that on your blog or iTunes. • Visit Sourceforge.net to find other open source software that you can contribute to and then use to create something else.

filter Crowd Filtering • Recommend someone on LinkedIn • ‘Like’ or comment on Facebook • Retweet on Twitter - it’s an easy way to vote for someone else’s good work. • On YouTube give the thumbs up or down, favourite a video or simply watch a couple of them. Each time you watch a video it’s recorded and displayed for others to see how popular it is.

• Search on Google - every time you do it impacts the search results.

• Give a website (eg Book Rapper) a Google vote by linking to it on your site or mentioning it in your blog.

• Start tweeting something, anything or everything. Get creative!

• Vote for top websites or stories on StumbleUpon, Reddit and Digg

• Build a Facebook Fan Page and invite your friends to add some content.

• Research the title of a book or campaign in Google Adwords to see what others are already searching for.

• Be like Book Rapper and create your own version of someone else’s content - then share it with others. And, make sure you honour your sources!

fund Crowd Funding • If you want to change lives then visit kiva.org and contribute some of your spare cash. • Check out this article on Mashable for a few ways to fund your next cultural creation. • Find out more or buy your own football club via Wikipedia’s MyFootballClub listing. • Read more about the amazing work of the Grameen Bank • Read more about how Barack Obama used social media and micro funding to win the US Presidential campaign in this great book ‘Yes We Did’ by Rahaf Harfoush.

• On Flickr add some tags to some photos.

Want More?

PROFIT : Want more? Here’s some suggestions to deepen your thinking and sharpen your learning. If you like this RAP, the best way you can say thanks is to share what you’ve found with others on Twitter, Facebook, in your blog, face to face, by sending them a copy or directing them to our website.

BR Author Geoff McDonald

Creative Commons Licence

A former architect who loves reading books, mapping ideas and designing board games. Aka: The Ideas Architect

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