Heat Stroke

Background

Heat stroke is a medical emergency. It is the most severe form of heat illness in which the body temperature of a person is greater than 40.6 °C (105.1 °F). Due to environmental heat exposure the body temperature can rise rapidly and may lose its ability to cool down by sweat. When the body temperature reaches 40°C, the hyperthermia effect with systemic involvement including central nervous system will result. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent disability if not treated promptly.

Elderly are more vulnerable to hyperthermia as their adaptation ability to sudden changes in temperature is reduced with ageing. In addition, they are more likely to suffer from chronic medical conditions and receiving medications that can change normal body responses to heat.

Hot and humid weather, dehydration and poorly ventilated room are the risk factors for heat stroke in elderly.

Symptoms and signs

- Hot, dry skin - Lack of sweating - Headache - Dizziness, drowsiness, obtundation - Confusion, seizure - Nausea & vomiting - Muscle weakness and cramps - Rapid, weak pulse

As a first aider

- Recognize the condition and manage as medical emergency in all cases of heat stroke - Cool down the temperature of the elderly - Rehydrate the elderly

Do’s

1. Seek emergency medical help, call 999 immediately 2. Rest in a cool, shaded area 3. Remove unnecessary clothing 4, Cool the elderly by fanning or wetting the skin with water 5. Rehydrate patient orally only if fully conscious and able to swallow 6. Monitor the elderly’s level of response until help arrives