Japneet Pahwa! IAD section ‘A’ 2013-2017!
PEARL ACADEMY New Delhi-110028!
COUNTRY PROFILE! Turkey has a very diverse culture that is a blend of various elements of the Anatolian, ottoman (continuation of both roman and Islamic cultures) and tradition, which started with the ottoman empire and continues today.!
Black see region
Situated in large Mediterranean geographical location!
! !
Turkey! Mediterranean region
!
Quite temperate, diverse nature of the landscape.! ! Extreme hot summers and cold winters.! Limited rainfall and snowfall.! !
! This began with the migration of people from central Asia to the west ! ! Turkish culture maintains traditional, religious and historical values! ! dervish people paint their house doors in blue ( myth: keeps evil away)!
The uneven north Anatolian terrain running across the black sea resembles a long, narrow belt. It comprises approx. 1/6th of the total land area! orientation of houses:! east west orientation preferable as it minimizes heat gain in summers.! ! !
! Sufi dance is very importance and a very rich inseparable part of the Turkish culture.! ! ! !
Use of geometric shapes such as hexagons and octagons are used very often.!
!
!
REGION SELECTION! Selected Region: Safranbolu! Mixed construction of timber, stone and adobe. Timber and stone are easily available. The ground floor is masonry built and timber skeleton on upper floors. Stone and adobe are main material for wall in-fill. These houses have pitched roof.! Every house has a hall called sofa. Tiled roof, row of windows, projecting bay windows on the upper floors, courtyards.!
•
One cannot enter the rooms without passing the sofa, thus the room units were connected by the sofa. !
•
Sofa functioned not only as a hall but also as common space: people used this space in multi purposes including eating, chatting, sleeping; they even brought a small washbasin to the sofa for ablution. !
•
People spent most time in sofa. As explained before, three plan types of sofa were observed according to the era. Those include open, corner and central sofa. Among them, central sofa was the most common type.!
Activity1: SUFI DANCE!
Activity1: DRESSING! !
The dressing space is located adjacent to the dancing area.! ! Requirements: ! • storage for clothes! • stool to sit and wear shoes, or bottoms.! • a mirror!
Turkish dance is an inseparable part of the rich heritage Turkish culture.! The origin and roots of Sufism lies in the life and practices of prophet of Islam and the Qur'an.! Turkish dance has created such an interest amongst people that Sufi dance has won immense popularity in several countries ! around the world.! !
! !
! ! ! Storage and stool! !
!
! Long white skirt, !
black cloak, camel hair cap and a belt is worn.! !
!
!
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
!
Dressing area
!
! !
Dancing area
!
!
!
Additive form
!
Space usage
Dome
!
Axis, sight line
!
Emphasis, centripetal force
! • The
dome built with steel/timber trusses arranged in a radial manner and connected by polygonal rings at various heights. !
• There
are horizontal and vertical ribs of steel at a distance of 0’-9” and 1’-0” respectively. The mud bricks are placed in the center of the frame with the help or mortar.!
• Vertical
member/ meridional line: Force acting along a meridional line of a dome structure, is always compressive under full vertical loading.!
• Horizontal
member/ tension ring: A ring encircling the base of a dome to contain the outward components of the horizontal forces. In a concrete dome, this ring is thickened and reinforced to handle the bending stress caused by the differing elastic deformation of the ring and shell.!
Traditional masonry tools: chisels, picks and hammers.! - 4, 5, 6 faces-sometimes 2 faces! - Stone laying with or without wedging.! - Stones are laid straight, regular size or not.! - Mortar laying.!
DESIGN BRIEF! wakes up gets ready
!
4:00 am
! !
reads Qur'an
!
5:00 am
goes to his recreation home
!
!
6:00 am
6 ft.!
This place has two floors. The ground floor is a social area influenced by a Turkish hammam. The upper floor is a personal space which has a dance floor, dressing area and a bathroom.!
!
practices Sufi dance
!
6:15 am
!
8:00 am
!
7:00 pm
25-28 year old!
!
7:30 pm
goes for work gets back homefreshens up
sits in the Jacuzzi and watches TV
!
!
10:00 pm
goes back home, eats and sleeps
!
he goes to the first floor which has a dance floor, a dressing room and a bathroom. He uses his dressing area to change in to his Sufi dance clothing. !
!
! This takes place in his social area which he also uses for himself on weekdays as well so as to relax.
!
WET AREA! EVOLUTION OF TOILETS! 2000BC-‐600BC
!
Houses made up of rocks were found.! A hole located at the bottom of squat toilet opened to a pipe through which the waste would be exposed outside.!
!
!
18th -‐ 19th Century Toilets were made outside the house.! Hygiene played an important role.! Later, in 19th century, developments in architecture and drainage systems were seen.! !
All in all, lavatory, bath and squat toilets were found.
!
! Now, the houses were seen inside the house. (Eyvan)! Toilets were aired through pipes or a small whole opened to outside.! Some toilets were made up of wood, while some were marble.
!
Year 2000 They also had public squat toilets.! These places has water for only cleaning, not bathing.! Types: ! • V TYPE ! • KEYHOLE
!
S-curved piped toilet, which are used till date, seal the smell of human waste, therefore, squat toilets were used to maintain hygiene and to prevent bad smell.! Attempts to combine squat and flush toilets were seen.
!
Wet area Plumbing!
Bathrooms or wet areas are stacked one above the other, for easy plumbing and drainage.!
There are two different valves for hot and cold water. !
Plumbing for shower.! Ceiling shower.!
Basin plumbing, there are two different pipes and taps for hot and cold water.! Furnace, to heat water in large hammams. The hot water pipes come from here. !
The supply of water for the complete wet area are from the same pipes, distributed respectively. The waste from the bath, basin and WC exits from the same trap leading to the galli trap outside the house.! There is a vent pipe that is connected to the main drainage pipe, it runs in the opposite direction so that the foul smell rises up.!
SOCIAL AREA: Hammam! In their homeland in Central Asia, the Turks had steam baths which they called 'manchu'. Bringing their Asian tradition with them, they merged it with the Roman bath culture they found in Anatolia, and a new synthesis was born, the 'Turkish bath'.
!
sun light enters the changing room from the bricked dome called the roof lantern (placed on the top of the dome)
!
The hamams in the O9oman culture started out as structural elements serving as annexes to mosques. A typical hamam consists of three interconnected basic rooms similar to its Roman ancestors: the sıcaklık (or hararet (caldarium) which is the hot room, the warm room (tepidarium) which is the intermediate room and the soğukluk which is the cool room. They were built with emphasis on the interior rather than the exterior looks.
!
SOCIAL AREA DESIGN DERIVATION!
Jacuzzi form deriva9on!
Balance, ! Symmetry
!
!
Space usage
Axis!
Sight line,! Visual barrier
!
!
Circulation
!
Clearance
!
N
GROUND Â FLOOR!
!
!
Balance, symmetry
Circulation
!
Axis, sight line
!
Emphasis
!
Space usage
!
Clearance
!
N
FIRST Â FLOOR!
!
Sun Path