[ h o m e ] la condition e sof society s within which we dwell
[HOME]LESS This Final Project is Presented to the Faculty of the School of Architecture By
Jasmine Kinard
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Architecture Southern Polytechnic State University Marietta, Georgia Spring, 2013
Dedication This book is dedicated to Humanity—To Those individuals who cannot afford a place to call home for themselves and their families. I truly believe everyone should have a place to call home. It is through this work that I attempt to describe the phenomenon of Place. I hope this project contributes to a larger conversation on your behalf.
Acknowledgement Thank you Lord for guiding my path. It is your mercy and grace which has given me the strength and determination to proceed on this journey no matter how challenging it has proven to be. I would like to thank my family for motivating me, each of you in your own particular way. Your words of encouragement and physical acts of kindness have played a major role in my success. As you all know, this is not the end of the road for me, but only the commencement to the remainder of my life. I honor the two who came together to give me life, Morris and Jennifer Copeland, my siblings Joshua, Joy and John and all the moments we shared to develop these warn ideas of home. Granny—may you rest in peace and I wish you were here to see me accomplish so great a dream. To the love of my life, Warnell and my first born Jahdiel, together we will move mountains. Thank you to any teacher for whom I was your scholar. I will carry for the rest of my life the knowledge you have instilled in me. I would also like to thank my studio mates who stuck it out to the end, you know who you are, we truly had a blast. Special thanks to Berthyves Bouard and Angela Copeland who dedicated their time and energy to help me finish my models and edit this document. A special thanks to Dr. Hazem Ziada, Dr. Richard Becherer and Dr. Mine Hashas—you each have taken high interest in formulating the initial ideas for this thesis. Thank you Professor Durham Crout and Professor Peter Pittman for your experience and expertise, which has helped to sculpt my thoughts.
Thesis Collaborative: 2012-13 Request for Approval of Project Book School of Architecture Southern Polytechnic State University Jasmine Kinard HOMELESS Executive Summary: This thesis will develop a housing typology for young, transitional, homeless women with children located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. This research examines the modern living unit through the lens of a visceral understanding of place and space. It is imperative that this community of “homes� addresses the needs of young women and their children, particularly women who even when working, typically never received substantial income. A suitable living condition for these women is not an isolated place but rather a unit within a larger communal and ever changing urban community; highlighting the ephemeral qualities which make a living unit a home and a non- institutional entity.
________________________________________________ Student Signature
________________________________________________ Date
________________________________________________ Primary Advisor: Durham Crout
________________________________________________ Secondary Advisor: Peter Pittman
________________________________________________ Thesis Coordinator: Michael Carroll
________________________________________________ Thesis Coordinator: Robert Tango
Notice to Borrower |
In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of the university program at Southern Polytechnic State University, I agree that the college library shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with regulations governing materials of this type. I understand that any copying from this document must be done in accordance with proper citations and that any potential use of this thesis for financial gain will not be allowed without written permission of its author. The author of this thesis paper is: Jasmine Kinard The director of this thesis paper is: Peter Pittman Architecture Southern Polytechnic State University 1100 S. Marietta Parkway Marietta, GA 30060 Borrowers of this thesis not regularly enrolled as students at Southern Polytechnic State University are required to indicate acceptance of the preceding stipulations by signing below. Libraries borrowing this thesis for the use of their patrons are required to see that the borrower records here the information requested. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name of Borrower
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Date
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“each city has its own identity much like a foot print�
Chapter 1.0 Design Theorem 1.1 Design Hypotheses 1.2 Critical Analysis of Housing 1.3 Proposed Project Nature, Context and Rationale: Constructing of the Mat 1.4 Underlying Principles 1.5 Summary and Synthesis: Cell Comparison
22 24 38 42 48
Chapter 2.0 Design Analysis
50
2.1 Site Context (Urban Scale) 2.1.1 Reconstructing Community 2.1.2 City of Atlanta Homeless Demographics 2.1.3 City Analysis and Site Selection
52 54 56
2.2 Site Analysis (One Mile) 2.2.1 Site selection and Significance 2.2.2 Historical Site Data 2.2.3 Existing Conditions
58 60 64 66
2.3 Site Analysis (Immediate Site) 2.3.1 Panoramas 2.3.2 Documentation of Existing Site Conditions 2.3.3 Current Zoning 2.3.4 Proposed Program
68 70 72 74
Chapter 3.0 Design Process
76
3.1 Program Organization: Initial Investigations 3.1.1 Program Organization: Explorations 3.1.2 Site Plan Explorations: Scale 1/16 3.1.3 Topographical Studies 3.1.4 Program Adjacencies and Dimensions 3.1.5 Final Site Model: Scale 1/32
78 80 96 98 100 102
3.2 Surface, Service and Structure 3.2.1 Site Diagrams 3.2.2 Site Sections
104 106 108
3.3 Cell Analysis and Concept Development 3.3.1 The Cell 3.3.2 Modular Profiles 3.3.3 Variations of the Cell 3.3.4 Process Plans 3.3.5 Materials and Construction
114 116 118 120 122 124
Chapter 4.0 Design Synthesis
124
4.1 Final Presentation 4.2 Critical Response and Reflection
126 130
Chapter 5.0 Findings and Summary Bibliography and Glossary of Terms Appendix 1: Sketchbook & Notes/Thoughts Appendix 2: Narratives, Creative Work and Studies
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Design Theorem: introduction
Homelessness is a global problem. Not-for-profit organizations
children’s gross motor skills and language development was
and more contented and confident citizens and professionals (Hill,
as well as private institutions have created programs to help homeless
determined to be delayed a year below grade level with the deficit
1988).� Community architecture has the potential to convert broken
individuals recover and return to society. Shelters have evolved
increasing to three years as children aged (Vostanis, 1999). Based
spirits into functioning ones; this particular project would assist with a
from large warehouses with sleeping cots and a soup kitchen to
on research it has been concluded that a majority of homeless
permanent mental transition, giving individuals the education, jobs
institutions which house, educate and clothe the homeless. These
children were able to cope well with the situation of homelessness
and assistance needed to become self-sufficient. This community
programs have high success rates with helping people recover
because they lived in some type of transitional housing opposed
will change overtime, because of the rise and fall of the economy
what they have lost. However, with home foreclosure on the rise,
to a traditional shelter. This research noted that the children in
and the change in family structure, size and status. The modularity
a considerable amount of our population in the US have lost their
transitional housing mentioned a feeling of home because they
of this project allows for both shrinkage and growth. It is designed to
homes and the homeless population has increased. Among this
were safe and together (Heusel, 1995). The despair of homelessness
ensure sustainability which aids with affordability.
group are many women with children and employed young adults.
can drive individuals to drugs and alcohol to escape the ills of life
Although there are shelters in Atlanta, their gender and age specific
(Reed, 2006). In conclusion, shelters lack the ability to empower,
in a community atmosphere which provides safety, empowerment
policies cause families to separate. In addition, the shelters often do
stabilize and provide a home like atmosphere for occupants while
and a sense of home for its users. In order to create individual
not have enough space and lack privacy (Filmmedia group, 2006).
transitional housing offers a model that begins to address what is
experiences, the experimental qualities of light, texture and scale
often lacking in these shelters.
are necessary considerations. I believe architecture can serve as an
individuals who really need assistance are hesitant to visit and ask
A project shaped around ideas of community would assist in
advocate for individuals in need of assistance by providing a place
for help. Also many places can be unfit for the developing minds of
supporting individuals who are job ready and able to pay one third
to develop skills, encourage interaction and provide a place to call
children. According to a research study involving homeless children,
of their income toward housing. “Community architecture, with its
home. Ultimately, my hope is that this work will alter the residents
shelters contribute largely to violent behavior and shorter attention
engaging and democratic genesis, will overcome the ills of social
sense of well being so that they can reach their fullest potential.
spans (Heusel, 1995). It has been determined that the minds of
breakdown, leading to a more stable and self-sufficient community
Consequent to all this and the lack of comfort and safety,
The aim of this thesis is to combine housing and education
design theorem
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1
design theorem
33.75 N 84.39 W
Worldwide
100 million people are homeless
United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 2005.
Estimated
40 million
homeless people live in urban centers www.ipsnews.net
78%
of underdeveloped countries live in slums The most commonly cited causes for homelessness are a lack of affordable housing, poverty and unemployment. 2008 U.S. Conference of Mayors Study
“everyone should have a place to call home�
[Paris, France] [New York, New York] [Dallas,Texas] [Las Vegas, Nevads]
Atlanta, GA [USA] [San Juan de Dios, Guatemala]
[Stavropol, Russia]
[Kabul, Afghanistan]
[Giza, Cairo]
[Manila, Philippines]
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design Analysis
Figure 2.1 Woman and child sleeping on bench in Chinatown, Manila, Philippines.
Figure 2.2 Homeless children play near electoral campaign posters in Giza, Ciairo.
Figure 2.3 Homeless man warms his feet near fire in Kabul, Afghanistan
Figure 2.4 Shoppers on Fifth Avenue pass a homeless woman on“Black Friday� in New York City, USA
Figure 2.5 Homeless man eats outside of hospital in San Juan de Dios, Guatemala
Figure 2.6 homeless man sits on the steps of the BNP Paribas Bank in Paris, France
Figure 2.7 Women witness Baptism of former homeless alcoholic in Stavropol, Russia
Figure 2.8 Homeless mother holds her three month old son at a homeles shelter in Dallas, Texas
Figure 2.9 Youth in skate club distribute food to homeless men on streets of Las Vegas, Nevada
design analysis |
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1.1
design theorem
design hypothesis
This thesis will attempt to create a type of housing suitable for
environmental features which make a house home are absent in
transitional young women with children in an urban neighborhood
the institutional environment when functioning as homeless shelter.
with considerations for the current economic situation and ongoing
Children within this situation deserve the opportunity to shape the
pressures of globalization. In the current economy many individuals
space around them and satisfy their developmental needs and
place of residence is left to chance; this unpredictably plays a major
imaginations.
role in determining this occupant. This occupant is an individual,
A historical and contemporary overview of rigid housing rational,
part of a larger group, in need of affordable housing and victim
material
of unfortunate circumstance. This instability shapes the drive for
techniques, will lend itself to a refined structure for which pliable
affordable housing in a place which assists, as a community, in
experimental strategies can be added to enhance the individual
uplifting and sustaining the growth of its residents.
experience within this existing (affordable) housing project.
It is not enough for a space to function; it must also consider one’s
thesis will critically examine these architectural issues in order to
visceral reactions. My memories of home are warm and soft. As a
satisfy the functional and empirical needs and desires of transitional
child I remember my siblings gathering all the sheets towels and pillow
women with children in the mist of psychological and financial
cases and build a tent in our shared bedroom. In order to reach the
conflicts. A comprehensive mental transition would be the result of
open center, one had to crawl through the narrow entrance which
submerging her in a dense environment of varying incomes, housing
wrapped around our bunk beds. I remember mother allowing us to
types and supportive functions. The spaces of this architecture are
keep it up for two weeks. This tent became our world inside of our
an attempt to restore mental stability with a rooted more stable
house. The scale, textures and softened light created a niche for us
connection to society, and recalling the ephemeral qualities which
to allow our imagination to run wild. Most of these experiences and
make a house a home, a non- institutional entity.
needs,
functional
requirements,
and
construction
This
abstract
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1.2
design theorem: Critical analysis of Housing
historical Analysis_ european model
The minimum cell of early modernism
The architectural ideals were to take the quantity of space in the
abandoned tradition and sought to embrace innovative ideas.
Architects and planners of the early nineteen hundreds were faced
bourgeois model and transform it into quality of materials, light
“The desire for innovation and the rebellion against the pressure
with the dilemma of providing affordable quality housing for a large
and space in order to provide affordable housing for a nomadic
of tradition are part of the generally accepted ingredients for the
population of people after the First World War. These deteriorating,
society. “This condition can be changed only if the material and
modern (Heynen, 1999).” In order to create an effective solution
overcrowded, unsanitary slums did not add to the quality of life for
the spiritual distress of the poor is overcome.” The extravagant
architects and planners took the scientific approach, evaluating
the working class. A people, who might see no end to these harsh
bourgeois became unacceptable and unnecessary for the current
everything through statistical data. This data would determine the
conditions because their earnings were not enough to excavate
mobile working class individual. The scientific dimensions of the cell
basic square footage needed
them from a cycle of inhumane living; a place with no ventilation or
were determined by individuals’ abilities for sleeping, intellectual
clean water hidden behind the streets of the city. It was evident that
work, and intimacy. The collective dimensions of a person’s needs
the housing shortage and these conditions created a non-place
determined the maximum requirement of space. The individual
2 A dynamic shift in the family structure was underway. The war ultimately altered domesticity causing a
and an inability to dwell. Poverty was on the rise and homelessness
living cells were then integrated into the larger communal living
work and pay became the necessary focus. The minimum dwelling or ‘Proletarian Abode’ a term coined
became a reality.1
structure. Collective dining, cultural socializing, housekeeping and
This was a gender neutral space.
The Socialist ideals for collective living are a synthesis of the primitive
a serving kitchen would be located in a communal area to serve
dwelling, the universal dwelling, and a communistic ideology rooted
the complex. Once these communal dwellings were assembled
in the demolition of the family structure and the elevation of the
they could be applied to a larger block and later spread across the
individual.2 An ideology which reduced the bourgeois apartment to
nation (Teige, 1932).
an individual living cell, alienating all secondary functions outside this
Socialists regarded knowledge of social, economic, and political
cell, and combining them in a communal area. Socialists rationalized
problems as more important than an aesthetic architecture or
the collective dwelling as the best mode of living for the individual.
‘design fetishes’ such as steel furniture and a flat roof. Modernity
1 Dwelling is being defined as a social act linking the actions of resting, to economic, productive and
cultural factors. dramatic shift in the household roles. Women no longer spent long hours in the kitchen and equal rights for to describe the dwelling for the working class of the subsistence minimum, became the defined living cell.
design theorem
Primitive Dwelling Single, universal dwelling space of undifferentiated functions
Proletarian abode The dwelling of the classes of the subsistence minimum
Collectivist Reconstruction of Dwelling Socialist form of life, for one individual. The individual living cell functioning as a living room and a bedroom. Undifferentiated dwelling on a higher level
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design theorem: critical analysis of housing
1.2.1 Project:
European Model_ precedent 1
Narkomfin Communal House
Architects: Moisei Ginzburg and Ignaty Milinis Location: Moscow, Russia Year: 1928-1933 Description: Dom Narkomfin, translated the Communal House, was designed to support socialist ambitions about collective living. The Union of Contemporary Architects vision was to use architecture to transition individual’s private dwelling into minimal units that serve only for sleeping and studying. Narkomfin provided a smooth transition to the ideal via three styles of apartments. The K-unit designed to closely relate to the traditional bourgeois style of living and the F-unit to reflect the Socialist collective ideals. The minimum required living space, access to light and connecting corridors are the elements Ginzburg anticipated would build community and create unanticipated interaction between residents. The following made up its program: three types of private living units, communal hall containing communal kitchens, laundry, canteen (providing pre-cooked meals), service block, library, gym used as kindergarten, roof garden and solarium.
observation
The minimum dimensions were broken down into a science. Corridors were used to create unanticipated interactions between residents and overall community.
Design Theorem type #occupants #units f- unit (254 sf)
1-2
31
2-f-unit (508 sf)
1-4
10
k- unit (1636 sf)
4
9
[254 SF]
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design theorem: critical analysis of housing
observation
1.2.1 Project:
The building includes garden style apartments, landscape explorations, rational square footages. Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) block is a durable material used during construction. The property was located within the city limits and featured supportive functions on site.
American model_ precedent 2
Techwood Homes
Architect: Flippin Burge Location: Atlanta, Georgia [USA] Year: 1935 Description: Techwood Homes pioneered the New Deal’s public housing efforts and was the first federally subsidized public housing development built in 1936. In 1935 prior to its construction, it was dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Its success set the standard for public housing and led to the passage of the Housing Act of 1937 which would permanently establish the federally sponsored low rent housing program (Holliman, 2008). In the heart of Atlanta was a fourteen block slum named Techwood Flat, originally designed in the 1880’s as housing for manufacture and warehouse labor workers. Nested immediately northeast of downtown between Coca Cola and Georgia Institute of Technology. These poor constructed rental houses became overcrowded, unsanitary and eventually unsafe to occupy. The process of reconstructing Techwood Flats for 604 white families would displace some 1,611 multicultural families; 28 percent of the flat community was African American. Techwood Homes was a segregated white community and later became a segregated African American Community called University Homes located on the west side of Atlanta. Those African Americans, who originally lived in Techwood Flats, prior to reconstruction, would be rehoused here if they could afford it. Unfortunately under the new housing policies some families, both white and black, were too poor to afford public housing (Holliman,
2008). Public housing projects were intentionally built to improve the living
Following the Civil Rights Movement of 1968, racial integration began
conditions of the working class American (Keating, 2000). Charles
the racial transition of Techwood. Within 6 years the integration
F. Palmer, a man who at the time owned the largest commercial
of the all white Techwood Homes was 50 % African American. In
real estate in the south, gathered together an organized group
the 1980’s, Techwood Homes had fallen to an epidemic of drug
interested in better living conditions, less crime and disease.
He
trafficking and violence. Mayor Maynard Jackson attempted to
requested $2,375 federal aid and hired Flip Burge a local architect,
renovate the homes in order to improve their conditions. However,
of Burge and Sevens. On the 22 acre lot, only a quarter of an acre
these efforts went unrecognized and police were unable to
was covered with buildings: 7, two story row houses and 13, three
combat the violence. It was decided to relocate the residents
story garden apartments, 6 stores, a health clinic, administration
to the outskirts of the city and replace the homes with moderate
building and recreational facilities. The remaining land was
income and shopping. Centennial Place was proposed as a new
used for lush landscapes, playgrounds, park benches and open
housing for athletes called Olympic Village Community. 1195
gathering spaces. By locating service functions on site they created
units were converted into 800 luxury units of mixed income. After
assistance within arm’s reach. They were constructed with concrete
the Olympics only seventy eight of the original Techwood Homes
slab foundations and fire brick, retrofitted with closets in each room
residents returned. Their reason for being demolished had nothing
and the latest appliances. These apartments came equipped with
to do with their physical condition, but rather the drug infested
electricity, running water, and heat. Techwood homes was built
interiors and violent residents. They were demolished in 1996 after
to last, after sixty years of being established they were in perfect
the drug epidemic and violence of the 1980’s.
shape.
Design theorem
[446 SF]
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design theorem: critical analysis of Housing
1.2.1 Project:
European model_ case study 1
Unite d’Habitation
Architect: Le Corbusier
Location: Marseille, France Year: 1947-1952 Material: Beton-brut concrete (most affordable postwar) Description: Unite d’ Habitation, translated ‘housing unit,’ was designed to reflect the ideals of the housing schemes of the 1920’s and a solution to a similar problem, the severe postwar housing shortage. Le Corbusier’s most significant late work is, a twelve story apartment block designed to accommodate 1,600 people. Twenty-three alternating apartment configurations accommodate individuals and families with children. The building is a rectilinear ferroconcrete grid, performing as a partition between units and a load bearing wall. The structure gives freedom to the façade for which precast apartment units are situated. Double height living rooms and deep balconies allow the most light to penetrate the spaces. Located on the roof were the communal spaces such as a running track, kindergarten daycare, gym, club and a shallow pool. The underbelly formed a covered walkway for which gardens and gathering spaces flow continuously. Within the building were shops, a medical facility and a mini hotel; each function adding to its definition as a ‘vertical garden city.’
observation Children can be seen playing freely on structure
as the building becomes the playground. When provided kitchens were installed on the entry level to prevent carrying groceries up stairs. The walls which open up to connect inside with outside provided transparency and greater connection to nature.
design theorem
[349 SF]
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design Theorem: critical Analysis of Housing
1.2.1 Project:
European model_ precedent 2
Siedlung Halen Community
Architect: Atelier 5
Location: Herrenschwanden, Switzerland (Bern) Year: 1957-1961 Material: concrete, plaster, wood windows Description: built as an experimental solution for post war housing with a focus on children, and the family as a natural structure. Uses architecture as a way to rebuild the family structure; an entity early modernist were determining was deteriorating. Each unit has a functional formation with fluid experimental qualities. Halen has a real connection to nature; it is flooded by light and the land appears to penetrate its very being. There are eighty-one privately owned row houses, gently terraced down the south side of a hill facing a forested valley. The site was chosen to reflect garden city notions of a healthier lifestyle in a suburban setting. These three story low rise structures create high density, privacy and community, three very important factors within this thesis. Halen also takes advantage of the slope of the hill, a generator of form. The automobile entered from the rear and parked underneath. The project was known to be highly exclusive and energy efficient.
observation Green roofs help to blend the project in with the ground; could urban farm. The facility also allows for roof farming and was designed with children in mind. Interesting design features are the centralized outdoor communal space. The terraced feature is energy efficient and able to capture views.
design theorem |
[646 SF]
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Design Theorem: critical Analysis of Housing
1.2.1
american Model_ case study 3
Organization:
Habitat for Humanity
Architect: Professor Traci Sooter Location: Springfield, Missouri Year: 2008 Description: The mission of the Habitat organization is to reflect the cultural climate, satisfy individual needs, and keep construction costs to a minimum. Decency, simplicity and affordability are considered during construction. The use of local building materials, volunteer labor, efficient building methods, and non-profit loans help to make purchasing a Habitat home affordable. Habitat for Humanity has designed and built affordable housing for families all around the world. To be eligible for Habitat, one must have a financial need and a solitary promise too help build their house and the houses of others, is the commitment one needs. Over time, habitat has accommodated ADA accessibility and sustainable building practices. In 2008, third and fifth year Drury University students under the leadership of Professor T. Sooter, completed the first platinum LEED (Leadership Energy Environmental Design) certified Habitat house. Habitat is known to tie people together, building communities larger than the residential block.
observation
A sharp focus on durable efficient building materials and methods from this organization and others contribute to a refined affordable housing project for occupants especially women with children. According to Habitat for Humanity, the necessary space for families needing three bedrooms is 1,050 square feet.
design theorem
design guidelines for Habitat for Humanity spaces dimensions facilities Porch/outdoor 8’ 10’ optional screened foyer 3’4” hall living room
10’8” 12’
dining room
9’-7” 14’5”
optional fireplace
kitchen 7’ 9’7” stove sink fridge bedroom 10’ 12’ bedroom 2 10’10” 10’ bedroom 3 9’8” 10’ bathroom 6’5 9’ toilet, tub/shower, sink 2008, guidelines for Habitat For Humanity
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design analysis: critical Analysis of Housing
1.2.2 Project:
contemporary_ case study 4
Chicago Affordable Housing
Architect: Krueck and Sexton Architects Proposed Project Site: Chicago (Cook), Illinois [USA] Year: Competition Submission Description: Modular housing for underprivileged individuals is realized although this is a conceptual project. This project is considered sustainable because of it use of materials, construction techniques and sustainable strategies. Both privacy and domestic living are considered when determining the necessary minimum for a single person. Arranged within one block 2 separate 4 story buildings would have a structure for which modular units could be plugged. The smallest of these units is a 250 square foot with a bathroom, kitchenette and a living room functioning as both the bedroom and activity space. Communal spaces are located central to the structure on the ground floor. These functions include retail and services for the occupants. This project presents a quick solution for understanding structure, sustainability and materials. The structural grid creates ability to change overall dimensions of cells to fit user needs. Off site located within a mile radius are the following supportive functions for this homeless clientele: hospital, library, park, recreational space and public transportation.
observation
This Project explores the possibility of modularity. Individual needs are satisfied through dimensions, environmental systems and structure.
design theorem
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surface
(thick 2D)
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1.4
Design theorem: proposed project nature, context and rational
Constructing the mat
The use of the mat typology in this project is closely related to its ability to connect distinctive activities into a unified urban environment with high connectivity. This allows the richness of the urban fabric to continuously flow and emerge. The mat does not form barriers or boundaries but allows the surrounding adjacent neighborhood to penetrate its surface through covered pathways and courtyards which establish its relationship between natural and built environments. This differs from a high rise structure which blocks the urban fabric at is entry and segregates its functions into zones by way of floor plates. The fluidity between the cells within this typology is symbolic of the connection between the individual and the city; the parts to the whole. Human interaction activates these distinctive cells causing the surface to work. Its arrangement on site and its hyper-connectivity are the elements which help it to thrive (Candilis, Josic and Woods, 1964). In architectural terms, both the plan and the section would have a diverse mix of activities. Once the infrastructure is set, the activities called for in the program, can be arranged in any adaptable order; one which is capable of growth, decline and change. The adaptability of the mat is the element which enhances this projects sustainable affordability. “Mats are a carrying order, infrastructural projects capable of articulating or materializing buildings and spaces, paths and places and careful articulation of public and private (Allen, 2001).�
define THE CELL The following are the steps to structuring the mat typology. The mat has three characteristics: cell to cluster, cluster to stem, and stem to mat. The first step in structuring the mat is to define the cell. The cell is the individual building or spaces which accommodates human activities (Fores). It is the smallest, most functional component of the urban tissue. These cells are then reassembled into groups based on their relationship to one another. These relationships are based on established spatial arrangements which vary from public to private.
CELL TO CLUSTER The grouping of related cells is called a cluster. The cell can be modified within the cluster to fit various climates. For example, a shared wall in hot climates minimizes the amount of exposed walls to the sun, helping to keep the inside cool. Varying the façade material adds variety and enhances the special quality. The design would maximize the mix between public and private spaces, because although these spaces have distinguished characteristics, they support each other. The ultimate concept of the mat is the possibility of blending zones across boundaries.
Design theorem
CLUSTER TO STEM
STEM TO MAT
The stem is the joint between the cells within one cluster to the cells within another cluster. It forms the connections between different programs generating patterns of relationships. It allows multiple unanticipated encounters to occur forming community, hierarchies and contextual associations through a tree like pattern. Placing the stem along the periphery rather than the center allows for growth over time. The stem of the mat can be most closely associated with the Islamic Bazaars. A bazaar is a covered circulation spine with shops and other active functions on the left and the right and multiple opportunities to come and go as one pleases. The clusters are hyper connected public and private positive spaces arranged around the stem or pores negative or transitional spaces. The interface between the positive and negative is where the community thrives, where the cell and the stem meet. The courtyard and the walkway are considered the spaces in between, the spaces where human activity and interaction takes place. Because of the interconnectivity of functions and the close knit patterns of association, the individual gains freedom in ownership, privacy, and connection all at the same time (Smithson, 1974).
The weaving of the clusters to one another are the characteristics of the mat. It can be defined as a two-dimensional network of stems and cells. The mat structure has the highest adaptability of contemporary structures into the pre-existing urban fabric. The process by which the functions are broken down into their smallest components and then stitched back together based on spatial relationships and hierarchy qualifies it as such. Mats have also been called: fields, grounds, carpets and matrices. The shaping of the mat is an assortment of a place’s distinctive characteristics, patterns of human association, culture and climate. “Mat building is characterized by active interstitial spaces, where matter shapes and channels the space between things, leaving room for the unanticipated (Allen, 2001).”
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thick surface “A shallow but dense section, activated by ramps and double height voids; the unifying capacity of the large open roof; a site strategy that lets the city flow through the project; a delicate interplay of repetition and variation; the incorporation of time as an active variable in urban architecture.” -Stan Allen The section of the mat is not discrete layers like a conventional building section, but rather a blurred boundary between public and private, program and function. This is the most preferred for this housing community.
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design theorem: Underlying Principles
Place
“It is said that only the person who takes up a position of
the dining room. Our plates have been set and it is time to drop
cherishing and sparing knows how to dwell and hence how
everything we are doing to go eat. The first anxious to stuff her face,
Our sense of place is no longer marked by the point of origin or birth
to build… ‘building,’ after all, means that a place is brought
the next glad to finally have a break from studying, the third not
place, but rather specific instances such as jobs and possessions.
into being where the four dimensions that surround dwelling
so thrilled to put his imaginary play on hold, the last still sitting with
It is now easy to understand this notion of the house being a
are made tangible, a place where the fourfold is gathered…
his face glued to the box ignoring the smell and the call from our
commodity, in this capitalist society and not so much an identity
only if we are capable of dwelling, only then can we build
mother. “Joshua, turn off that TV and come eat!” says my mother,
marker. The house we live in defines our status and allows us to mark
(Heynen, 28).”
who will not allow the television to distract us from family time. Up until this time during the evening, we each have been busy entertaining
our place in society. Because houses can be bought and sold like cars, their types vary based on one’s ability to pay. On one end of
Privacy
ourselves; from going to class, to the ride home, the completing of homework or the continual play. This is the time we gather to eat
the spectrum is the homeless shelter and at the other is the owneroccupied house.
Popp, T. (2012) Reviving Privacy. The Pennsylvania Gazette (Anita
and tell stories about our day. Some of these stories are happy and
There is a shortage in sufficient permanent housing, which has led
Allen’s ideas about privacy)
others sad, but sharing is the experience which binds us together as
to long term occupancy of transitional housing. The first stage of
What an individual thought to be private is very much public once
a family. The advice and discipline is what constructs our fellowship.
permanent housing is an opportunity to create a space which
entertained by the internet. This virtual world has crept into the very
What I remember most is sitting across from my siblings and mother
promotes identity and embodies a comfortable atmosphere. This
places we thought were safe. We barricade our homes with alarm
seeing them laugh and joke. When we have devoured all of our
thesis will reveal the minimum requirements to make sufficient
systems and gate codes in order to protect our ideas, interests
meal we sit still and make each other laugh. These are the moments
permanent housing for individuals who are nomadic but headed
and finances. Yet internet companies are able to advertise based
my siblings and I still talk about today. I remember feeling special
towards a stable lifestyle.
on profiles they have made of our personal interests and abilities.
laughing at the table. I had many friends who were not allowed
We opt out of protection by clicking the accept button on social
to talk while eating. However, in my family we were able to build
networks in an attempt to reconnect with long lost friends while being
trust and camaraderie with each other most often while talking at
auctioned off to the highest bidder. The front door, a separation of
dinner. I felt at ease knowing I could depend on these individuals to
the public and private, is no longer that determining factor. “It is as
be interested in what mattered to me.
Identity and Place In order for man to sense place, he has to know his position in the universe. On a macro scale, cosmos and geographic landforms give us an understanding of location and a sense of our microscopic self. In Iran, sculptors carve symbolic bas reliefs in the mountain ranges as a way of informing the traveler where he currently is and where he is going. These reliefs also function as gateways into the city. In the Isfahan, Iran, the mountains act as physical walls to the city; creating a regional sense of place The concept of “place’ or makan is composed of both the container (jism)and the contained (ruh or spirit). It does not have a tangible existence, but exists in the consciousness of the beholder who virtually perceives physical boundaries while his intellect perceives the spirit as “contained,” defined within the boundaries. Bridges and roads lead to prominent landmarks within the city, which deepens man’s sense of place.
if we are sitting in front of the computer in the ‘privacy of our own homes’ believing we are safe and they are gathered in a room
The dining room table: as a married adult
taking notes, exchanging currency and observing our every move.” Technology has blurred the bold line, the locked door, between
In this setting there is no wall to separate the dining room from the
public and private, allowing one to be in two places simultaneously.
living room. Our apartment is an open concept design. Looking
Public and private can now occupy the same realm.
out the window at the woods which surround our home is my last observation before I place the now cooked food on our plates. It
Technology and Sacred Space
is steaming and the aromas float throughout the house. The fan
The dining room table: as a child
over the stove creates a hushed noise. I flick the switch for the fan and the noise of replacing pot tops to keep the food warm and
The aromas of food floating from the kitchen where my mother is
the sounds of cooking utensils scraping the pot has ceased. It is
passes the dining room and enters the living room where my three
time to eat. The television is now heard and the seated husband
siblings and I complete our homework, watch television and play
is fixated. “Baby, dinner is ready!”
with toys. It is dinner time. My mother enters the living room from
place the food on the table and return to the kitchen to grab the
I walk all of four steps and
design theorem
Barcelona Pavilion Inside and Outside
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Design Theorem: underlying Principles
drinks. Outside of my walking there is no movement. “Babe, I said
Architectural Projects Related to Privacy
This connection roots us to the earth. The Glass House features
dinner is ready.” I say and the response I get from my husband is, “
Diller and Scofidio: Capp Street Project
only transparent glass with no visual obstructions. The Brick House,
Okay, I heard you and I am coming.” While seated the television
The Withdrawing Room
on the other hand, is completely solitude, providing individuals
is muted and we begin our prayer. The remote rests at the table
Each image shows some level of disjunction of objects which
total privacy. These two dwellings show a human’s need for both
in order to increase the volume once the prayer is done. Instead
would otherwise be joined. The objects are representative of
exposure and concealment in terms of security and varied levels
of having a conversation about our day, which is needed to bind
an individual behavior within a setting. In this case, the project
of privacy. This property suggests the need for balance between
us together once more after being separated for the day, we are
represents a home.
both private and public.
having a conversation about the show on television. In an effort
Howard Martin: Capp Street Project
to talk about the things which are real to me, I interject. Yet, I am
In a Strange House
hushed in respect of what is being said on television. Sitting at the
Here privacy is challenged using a video camera. In the white
table across from my husband, I can feel alone.
room the camera is hidden and the subjects have no idea they
dwelling The Dark side of the Domus
are being watched. Once they reach the dark room, the ajar door The dining room table: compared
reveals a television screen for which they observe. They realize at
“Dwelling is linked to ones ‘situatedness’ in the world as relates to
this instance they have been recorded.
architecture, a building should be on and of the soil, and of the
The two instances of the dining room, one as a child and the other
Diller and Scofidio: Long Island New York (Conceptual Project)
location of which it is built (Leach, 1988 ).”
as a married adult, offer two similar but different examples of how
The Slow House
I felt eating at the dining room table. The first allows individuals to
This project frames a split view of two places at once. The
Heidegger believes that one can only dwell in the countryside
be present with each other. The later allows individuals to be in the
view captures the ocean in reality and on a television screen,
were the powers of nature and the remnants of historical tradition
same space without really being there. The location of the dining
symbolizing a modern living room space.
remain. He argues that fluidity and motion interrupt this notion of
room table as related to the television is important to distinguish in
Shigeru Ban: Tokyo, 1995
situatedness. He believes if a thing is not grounded, it cannot dwell.
these two cases. In the first instance, the dining room table is parallel
Curtain Wall House
- which I have related this to the idea of a tree- it is stable in its
with the television which is in the adjacent living room. In the second
Residents within the house have the option of privacy by simply
location feeding off of the sun and water on site.
instance, the dining room table is perpendicular with the television
closing the curtain. In other instances, they may want to allow
However there is a tension between situatedness and movement, it
and exists in the same large room functioning as both a dining and
nature in and have the option of exposing the interior by opening
is the essence of Atlanta. There are two extremes, the ‘stable’ single
living room. Also in the first instance, my mother was the leader in
the curtains.
family household and the nomadic street sleeper.
the house and what she said went. There the television was not to
Thomas Hanrahan and Victoria Mayers: New York City, 1995
Dwelling is feeling a part of and willing to give life as a substitute for
be turned on while we ate dinner.
Holley Loft
preservation. {Heidegger tells a story of a young soldier committed
Holley Loft is designed to leave space as open as possible. The
to give his life to protect his homeland “The hero’s inner gaze soared
entry spans the entire house separating the living room from the
above the muzzles to the daylight and mountains of his home that
kitchen. The only elements separating public from private are glass
he might die for (Leach, 1998).” This emphasizes the idea of one’s
The television exists within the home, along with other electronics,
and steel. Moveable panels are incorporated to create some
situatedness in world-anchoring. My project must dwell on its site in
including cell phones, and portable games. Computers can be
degree of enclosure.
order to maintain a sense of dwelling, on and of the soil. Building
portals into other dimensions. They are often the center focus of the
Phillip Johnson: New Canaan, Connecticut, 1995
materials have an important role here.
family and newest way of exchanging information and ideas.
Glass and Brick House (Personal Residence)
This project demonstrates each individual’s desire to be
Vernacular architecture:
The New Central Focus: Electronics in our homes
connected to nature and the environment which surrounds them.
Some examples of buildings built from what existed prior1. Djenne, Mali- great mosque built of sun dried brick in sub-
Page Title
Glass and Brick House Public and Private
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Design Theorem: Underlying Principles
Saharan, Mopti, Africa
DOVEY, K. (1999). FRAMING PLACES: MEDIATING POWER IN BUILT
Beatriz, C. Battle Lines: E. 1027
2. Bruader Klaus, Germany, Peter Zumthor- built form indigenous
FORM. NEW YORK, NEW YORK: ROUTLEDGE.
Every house has a story to tell. Eileen Gray’s E. 1027, Roguebrune-
This particular chapter speaks about place and specifically the
Cape Martin, France 1926-29, was supposed to be pure, untouched,
3. Church of Light, Osaka, japan, Tadao Ando- Used indigenous
ability for building to establish dwelling. “Architecture has a certain
inaccessible and non-looked upon from above. Yet it had its horrors
materials to construct the form work and used the form work
power to stabilize both being and world to defend us against the
too. The story of Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici were depicted
as seating.
terror of both space and time: architecture is an act of self-assurance
on the walls of the house Eileen designed for the, by Le Corbusier.
Based on Heidegger’s ideas of dwelling, dwelling affects one’s
in the face of terror of the infinite.” According to K. Harris in [Harries,
Corbusier was a close friend of Jean Badovici and learned of her
identity. He defines it as becoming a member of the soil of that
K. (1996) The Ethical Function of Architecture, New Haven, CT: Yale
feelings towards Eileen after an affair. Corbusier thought it justice
geographical location. There is no longer any difference between
University Press. (p. 231, 180)], Architecture’s ability to ground and
to illustrate their most private problems in a public way by painting
people, we are all bound together and a new identity emerges.
shelter, stabilize and protect is connected to the mediations of
the mural Sous les pilotis or Graffite a Cap Martin also labeled
We become one with nature in that place. Yet one can argue the
power in built form, both power to and power over. Dovey uses
‘Three Women(1938). It is a representation of Eileen Gray and Jean
notion that we are all one homogenous group. We know that wars
two types of dialectic to explain dwelling: vertical/horizontal and
Badovici and another women and the unborn child which should
are still fought intra and inter neighborhoods, regions, and various
inside/outside.
have happened between Eileen and Jean.
socioeconomic groups.
When the human body is in the horizontal position it is symbolic of
The point of this story is not the drama but rather a story about a
Such wars create ‘othering’ practices within many spaces. Why we
power and domination. The word stand is rooted with words such as
place, private non the less, and a story of resent, illustrated by Le
fight territorial wars. Others are outsiders, non-conformists, wanderers,
, ‘stasis’, ‘stable’, ‘state’, ‘status’, and ‘establish’. Horizontal is closely
Corbusier in a very public way. Each house has a story to tell both
anarchists, homeless, and anyone who might be perceived as alien
related to rest. When the two come together vertical and horizontal
triumphs as well as defeats. Architecture can seem to represent
or potentially threatening. The wanderer cannot be controlled and
that moment represent the hope to exist and take ownership of.
a pure utopian place, with no worries or errors; however, through
is therefore considered a threat to the nation. This wanderer is an
Inside/ outside is more closely related how an individual relates
research we can find events of what took place both recorded
alien , he can not be confined. This is true for the homeless who
to ‘otherness’. the built form is the threshold or mediator between
and non-recorded. Beautiful furniture, amazing sceneries and
are not rooted. Homeless cannot fit within this notion of dwelling
inside and outside. It facilitates empowers individuals with the power
seclusion from chaos does not create warmth and comfort within
because they are not situated.
to control threats of the unknown, be it human, animal, or nature.
a space. Because like E. 1027, the truths of a place can and will
Homelessness generally occurs in two ways:
Other correlations are enclosure/openness, safety/danger, home/
be uncovered and exposed. Every place is built up of the things
-by choice (wanderer-unrootable)
journey, familiar/strange, self/other and public/private. One’s ability
we want to remember as well as the things we want to forget. The
-by circumstance (desire to be rooted but have no
to control how he is seeing and being seen are related to social
mural Three Women has not been washed away its story is told and
power as well as identity.
it cannot be hidden. That place is not perfect it has its flaws too.
trees.
permanent home).
Power is derived from the Latin term potere, ‘to be able’- the I believe architecture has the ability to be an advocate as well as
capacity to achieve some end. The term power in human affairs
assist in restoring ones feelings of stability.
describes control of others; this is not the power I am referring to.
Sentence in my thesis statement, “It is an attempt to restore mental
-Power is the ability to … this is empowerment. Empowerment is
stability with a rooted more stable connection to society and
linked with autonomy and freedom
recall the ephemeral qualities which make a house a home, a non-
-‘Seduction’ is a practice which manipulates the interest and desires
institutional entity.”
of the subject, considered a highly sophisticated form of power
I believe Advocacy exists in architecture.
over, shaping ones desires and self-identity. Here built form shapes perception and cognition.
Page Title
church of Light dwelling
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(1933)
Moscow Russia Herrenschwanden, Switzerland Marseilles, France Atlanta, Georgia
1.5
Cell comparison
The following housing projects were able to provide sufficient
[254 SF]
mass housing during a housing crisis. The plans demonstrate their unique ability to construct the minimum necessary dwelling. My observation is that location, ideology and policies have heavy influence on the way space is shaped. For example,the communal spaces are common between the Communal House and Techwood Homes. The Communal House had internal streets and Techwood Homes had community outdoor space. Unite d’Habitation and Siedlung have in common the unit style; however they challenge human connection to nature very differently. Unite elevates its program in the vertical city where as Siedlung is a horizontal structure and uses program to engages the ground plane.
Ginzburg communal house
(Moscow Russia)
Eastern Model
Design Theorem |
(1935)
[446 SF]
techwood Homes
(Atlanta Georgia)
American Model
(1952)
[349 SF]
Unite D’ Habitation
49
(1961)
[646 SF]
Siedlung Halen community
(Marseille, France)
Berm, Switzerland)
European Model
European Model
2
design analysis from macro to micro
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design analysis: site context
Former Wheat Steet Homes Currently Truly Living Well Wheat Street Gardens *mirror image; sites face opposite direction
2.1.1
reconstructing community
Hillard St SE
The city is rich with diversity. The activities as well as the type of people vary greatly in its dense locale. It is this diversity and density which this project seeks to explore. The aim is to bring urban functions, those existing at the urban scale sustaining the lively-hood of cities, attempt to support and empower the clientele. It is also important to recognize the importance of diversity among this community. Each individual is different, but it is this difference which creates
chosen site Deca
tur S
t SE
Grant St SE
to a human scale on this proposed site. These functions are an
individuality and identifies this community as one to create a print is sought and difference is acceptable. considerable interest sites
freedom to alter individual spaces, true ownership.� -Jasmine Kinard
Former Capital Homes Currently Capital Gateway Comminity
Memorial Dr
within the larger city. This community a place where self-expression
“Seamlessly connected to the larger community while having the
Downtown Atlanta Placing the site within a mile of the city
Adjacent to Former Grady Homes Currently Vacent Lots
Design analysis Homeless Demographics Chronic 13%
Seniors 5%
Disabled 16%
Employed 12%
Family 21%
User 16%
Veterans 12%
Rural 5%
Approximately 33% of the homeless population consists of individuals who are members of families or employed
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Design Analysis: site context
Total Families Families Other
2.1.2
city of Atlanta Homeless demographics
12%= 718 individuals
Sleeping Location Transitional Emergency shelter Unsheltered
52% 44% 4%
On the night of January twenty-fifth two thousand and eleven, The Tri- jurisdiction Collaborative Continuum decided to conduct a census of homeless individuals who were un-sheltered, living in emergency shelters or transitional housing in Atlanta, Fulton County and DeKalb County. They discovered in one night six thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight individuals. Twenty nine percent live in transitional housing leaving seventy-one percent on the street or
Single Mothers Heads of Household Single Mothers Other
94% Female
in a line every night to wait for an assigned bed. Of that seventyone percent, approximately four hundred forty-six members of 146 families were either living on the street or in an emergency shelter (Pathways, 2011). An insufficient amount of transitional housing Male
programs which assist transitional individuals has caused peaks in shelter occupancy. Emergency shelters currently have the highest
2 Children Female Parent in Family
Total Members
Number of Families
need and the lowest availability.
Not Sheltered
0
8
2
20
30
9
The following data is filtered for homeless families, mainly those
Emergency Sheltered
0
94
4
201
299
96
headed by a single woman with children. The percentage of homeless families, sleeping location, and percentage headed by single women are filtered here. These charts are then broken down into Specific details about the family subgroup. Information compiled from: 2011 Metro Atlanta Tri- Jurisdictional Collaborative Continuum of Care Homeless Census, Pathways.
City of Atlanta 5,987 homeless individuals
Design Analysis
|
Total Families 40%= 210 individuals
52%= 169 individuals
Sleeping Location 52%
44%
44%
42%
4%
14%
Single Mothers Heads of Household 12% Female
Male
2 Children Female Parent in Family
Total Members
Number of Families
97% Female
Male
2 Children Female Parent in Family
Total Members
Number of Families
0
4
0
6
10
4
0
1
0
1
2
1
0
21
0
43
63
21
0
15
0
26
41
15
Dekalb County 526 homeless individuals
Sleeping Location & Housing Type
Fulton County 325 homeless individuals (countless of Atlanta)
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design Analysis: site context
2.1.3
city analysis and site selection
The illustration to the right highlights the necessary functions in the City of Atlanta aiding with the final selection of these potential sites. Locations are greater than one mile radius but are necessary to be mapped to show their relationship to each other. The final chosen site is well integrated within this web of connectivity.
Page Title
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Design analysis: Site Analysis
In the city of Atlanta:
420 thousand people live in the city 185,000 households
Around the selected site
50 thousand
people live within a mile radius of the site 11,000 households
2.2.1
Department of Commerce, United States Census Bureau, 2010.
Site selection and significance_ markets
According to the United States Census Bureau, the residential population for the city of Atlanta was 420,003 in 2010, with an average of about 185,000 households. This same census records about 50,000 residences living within a mile radius of the site. That is, an average of about 11,000 households, a number that has grown tremendously since the housing developments of the surrounding area. Future land-use proposes higher density housing for the selected site. It is also true that there have been no major adjustments or plans to provide convenience for the residents in this proposed area. The largest facility providing fresh produce is the Sweet Auburn Curb Market. It is about 50,000 square feet. The other selected markets also provide some fresh and dry goods, dairy products, prepared foods and beverages. They are a smaller scale and ideal square footage for future proposals for the site. For the current population, there should be more instances for fresh foods within a brief walking distance. The site is 620,000 square feet, approximately 14 acres. It is capable of supporting the functions necessary for the clientele and the surrounding residences. The proposed program is a highlight on convenience. Therefore a drug store, baby goods store, deli, grocery store and others would fit on the site each would be given a shell space within 1,000 square feet.
Dee’s Market: Grocery Store
Auburn Discounts Grocery LLC: Convenience Store
Sweet Auburn Curb Market: Produce Market
Intown Market: Some grocery items, alcohol, beverages and prepared foods.
design analysis
|
fresh markets residential non-residential surface potential sites
The Market Across the Street: Bread company
Banna Grocery: Grocery store
Little’s Food Store: Grocery, alcohol, beverages, smokes, sandwiches, candy
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design analysis: site analysis
2.2.1
site selection and significance_ Public transit
The map to the right is an illustration of current bus and train routes within a mile radius of the selected site. Gathered from the information here, a train station is adjacent to the site. Great neighborhoods are qualified by the access that residents have to city services, entertainment, education, medical facilities, major markets, religious facilities, libraries, social services and green space. Public transportation provides that outlet and connection to these functions. The quality of life of the clientele will be heightened by this convenience as well as the amenities provided on-site.
Five Points Train Station
Peachtree Center Train Station
Georgia State Train Station
King Memorial Train Station
design analysis | Marta Stations
Potential sites
non-residential residential Community parks train rail bus line
In the city of Atlanta:
500 thousand
passengers daily board MARTA. 50% use transit to get to work, 10% use transit for school
46% of passengers
reported they do not have a readily available transportation option.
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design analysis: site analysis
2.2.1
site selection and significance_ relative services
The map to the right is an illustration of the necessary functions mentioned previously. Marta helps to link individuals to these places of significance via public transportation. Displayed are only a few to demonstrate the diversity of functions. Access to education is important because knowledge is power and this project has the hopes of empowering its clientele. Also, a single parent with children has the responsibility of getting their children to and from school as well as getting themselves to work. Having all three levels of education within a half mile radius provides convenience and
Fulton County Public Library
Georgia State University
Martin Luther King Historical Site: Ebenezer Baptist Church
Grady Memorial Hospital
saves time.
design analysis
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Medical facilities
public transit
religious
non-residential
Education
residential
Libraries
Community parks
markets
train rail bus line
Howard High School
John Hope Charles Walter Hill Elementary School
Walden Middle School
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design analysis: site Analysis
2.2.2
historical site data
1996 historical|current 2013
64
City has lost its original density with demolition of buildings and
displacement of individuals too poor to afford decent housing. The combination of demolition and paving pads for the vehicle it has created vacancy within the city. I plan to use this vacancy
to my advantage. This project has the potential to become infill.
The illustration on the far right is a demonstration of the segregation which existed during the New Deal housing. Blacks and whites separated across train tracks, Capitol Homes a white community in
the South and Grady Homes a black community in the north. This
Fulton County Public Library
separation is more than just a social one it is also physical. These type of barriers cause disjunction within cities and ultimately their failure.
The demolition of the Atlanta Projects was an effort to minimize poverty by decentralizing it. The aim is to develop mixed income housing oriented toward families with trendy shops, golf course YMCAs. In order to do so residents are receiving vouchers to move to private housing. According to an article Titled, Reword, “housing the urban poor in large government-run facilities that began under the New Deal is being undone.� Over the past 15 years Atlanta has demolished about fifteen thousand units spread across thirty two housing projects, some of which contained as many as 2,500 residents. Executive Director of Atlanta Housing Authority quoted that officials realized that concentrating families in poverty is very destructive, both to the family, the neighborhood and the city. The demolition of the housing projects result in scattered low income residence throughout the city in mixed income communities and private housing financed with vouchers through the governments Section 8 program. Lawsuits have come up which say that demolition and forced relocation violates civil rights and resegregates the poor. Although it looks good for the city to no longer have poor Georgia State University
area the people are not provided with an alternative. However , it has been reported, Thomas D Boston, an economist at the Georgia Institute of Technology who is tracking Atlanta housing- project residents since 1995, said those who move are more likely to find work, their
children were likely to perform better in school and they report higher satisfaction with their living conditions. A large majority of displaced residents settle in Atlanta’s poorest zip codes and only twenty percent return to their
Martin Luther King Historical Site: Ebenezer Baptist Church
Grady Memorial Hospital communities
development.
once property becomes mixed-income
design analysis Historical Buildings Current Buildings Community Parks Parking lots
grady homes Capitol Homes
Grady Homes
capitol homes
Capital Homes
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design analysis: site analysis
2.2.3
existing conditions
The map to the immediate right is a map showing the income levels for the areas surrounding the selected site. This is an attempt to prove diversity. The map on the far right is an illustration showing the diversity of building types within a mile radius.
Design analysis |
Institutional
Religious
Commercial
Residential
Community parks
Parking Lots
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Design Analysis: site analysis
Featured Community Highlight 1. Programs offered at St. Joseph’s Mercy Clinic Care Services are as follows: healthcare education programs, prenatal care and child education, primary medical, dental healthcare, behavioral health, education, and social services. These programs are offered to uninsured, under-insured, parenting persons of low income, homeless and HIV positive individuals using a sliding fee scale according to patients ability to pay. These programs fall under the following: medical services, resource referral, supportive services, case management, and mental heath assessment.
1. Framing the view of the city
Sweet Auburn curb market Liberty baptist church New mixed use housing 2 Image of MARTA train station
selena s butler park
2.3
Supportive housing
immediate site
Grady memorial Hospital 3. Railway physical barrier
Detailed portion of selected site ST Joseph’s mercy clinic Da Vita dialysis
4. Housing on selected site
intown market king memorial train station
5. Looking at selected Site
Featured Community Highlight 2. Selena S. Butler Community Park was constructed in 2011 to provide a public space for the Sweet Auburn neighborhood by the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA).
Design analysis |
5 4
1 3 2
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design analysis: site context
1.1 2 2.3.
Design DOCUMENTATION Hypothesis OF EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
View of Selected Area Location: Gartrell Street SE Looking towards prospective site. View sweeps from community park adjacent to site and towards Multifamily housing project with a parking deck perpendicular with street. On the site is an existing garden style apartment building. The selected images show the diversity of building types and materials along Gartrell Street.
design analysis
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Design analysis: site analysis
2.3.3
Zoning (current)
Zoning according to SPI-22-SA1 (Special Public Interest) These zoning ordinances are preferred over the intended zoning because the future development of the site is mixed use. MLK Lofts, Capitol Oakland Corridor, Capital Gateway, Grant Park North, and Memorial Green each have regulations which fall under these ordinances and allow for multiple functions. I would like to challenge the zoning of our site. Future land use suggests higher density with no added amenities for the proposed residents this would be inefficient. One must provide adequate food and resources for large populations. Features of the SPI-22-SA1: •Residential or non-residential 20% total floor area •Non-residential max FAR 2.0 •Residential FAR max 4.0 •Bonus Residential Max FAR 2.0 (train station) •Building coverage max 85% of lot •Non-residential public space require minimum 10% •Minimum transition yard 10 ft •Minimum height 28 ft facade •Minimum street frontage non-residential: None •Minimum street frontage residential 20 ft •Minimum lot size non-residential: None •Minimum lot size residential 1000 square ft Grant Street •5 ft planting and furniture •10 ft sidewalk clear zone •15 ft maximum 5 ft minimum public right of walk •No allowances for drive in facilities if wider than 100 feet (along the edge of Grant street and Fitzgerald).
design analysis |
RG-3 max height 20’
RG-4 max height 40’
RG-5 max height 60’
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design analysis: Building Program
2.3.4
MEDICAL CENTER CO-OP AUDITORIUM
proposed Program
Individuals who are homeless can find help who want it. However, statistics have shown, those individuals who reach stability often revert back because there is no support to keep them on their feet. By providing on site services, training, and a job. This affordable housing community will provide individuals with a place to call
RESIDENT AMENITIES RESIDENT COOPERATION
WORKSHOPS
STUDY QUIET
FUNCTION COMPONENT TYPE OF FUNCTIONS
home as well as the support to maintain it. NECESSARY FOR FUNCTION COOPERATION
LIBRARY CO-OP
NON ACCESSABLE TO RESIDENT
COMPUTER LAB
LEARNING CENTER
design analysis
AMPHITHEATER
PLAY AREA OUTSIDE
PARKING DECK
LUNCH COUNTER CO-OP COMMONS INSIDE/OUTSIDE
BREAK INSIDE/ OUTSIDE INTERNET CAFE’
DINING HALL
FOOD PANTRY CO-OP
KITCHEN COMMUNAL DINING
DAYCARE CO-OP
LAUNDRY MAT
FOOD MARKET CO-OP
MEETING ROOMS
CLOTHING CO-OP COUNSELING
COMMUNITY CENTER
LOBBY
BUSINESS CENTER CO-OP
HOUSING
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3.1
DESIGN PROCESS: program organization
site: initial investigations
In chapter 2, Illustrations show the necessary proximity of the site to the city. They do not, however, highlight the amazing views this site has to offer. The topography across this four acre lot gives opportunity for a level change mid way. This slope can be utilized to catch runoff water in a retention pond to be reused later for watering plants and reducing the water intake from the city for the residence. The diagram to the left illustrates my interest in using the topography to capture water at the north west corner of the site. The image to the far right represents my first move on the site. I thought it important to address the height of the surrounding buildings on the main corner; therefore, the corner is raised, I envision this to be as the education center. For the purpose of this project, this piece was not designed, as my main focus was the housing unit. The call-out is an image of that initial move.
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observations These initial models show my interest for the
court yard and its duel ability to create enclosure for privacy and exposure for light. The following should be considered: 1. Critical analysis of the court yard dimensions 2. Type of program in each module 3. Shape of module 4. Placement on site 5. Infrastructure and connectivity 6. The section and its relation to the groundplane
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Design process: site exploration 1
PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) SEMI PUBLIC ROW
This hyper adaptive typology can be added to any vacancy, by first establishing a module, and an infrastructure grid system. Once the two are established the module can be placed strategically across the site. The most important aspect of the design is the section. It demonstrates the interaction between inside and outside and the buildings interaction with the ground plane.
step 1 the Module
Reference: Time Saver Standard 500 sqft to 2 acres: 100 yards to 1/4 mile radius. 300 ft (perimeter): 500 sqft (open space). 1. 720 ft (perimeter):1200 sqft (open space)
step 2 the grid Aligned with topography 160 ft x 160 ft fits module
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observations
1.Reconsider module dimensions for experiential qualities. 2. Rotate Grid to align with streets. 3. Consider placement of module on site 4. Consider light qualities and directions 5. Consider change in the grid across zoning
Taking a small section to explore elevation and experimental possibilities. Minimal disturbance of the land
step 3 Placement of module on grid Module is located where intersecting point of grid is overlapping a public space. Two forms of circulation Vehicular of Public ROW Walk able connections between open spaces aligned with grid.
Step 4 Section Across Site Showing overlapping spaces, privacy and access to courtyard.
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DESIGN PROCESS: site exploration 2
Step 1 the Module
The individual living unit is the inspiration for the module 20 by 50 feet. The investigation shows considerations of courtyard space for three units, maximum 7 and minimum 2 activity spaces. This module expands and shrinks based on need. Living units can be altered to accommodate one extra bedroom. Each individual should have access to courtyard and activity space.
Step 2 the grid
Grid aligned with streets 160 feet x 160 ft. dimensions do not change. Red lines represent potential pedestrian paths cutting through site
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observations
1. Reconsider module arrangement to explore ideas of ownership. “Individual private spaces within a larger community-feelings of connection to the larger spaces but freedom to alter individual lots and feel okay about doing so.” 2. Use 100 foot grid so it can be compartmented. 3. Consider adding multiple grids. - Vehicular - Pedestrian - Service - Infrastructure - Topography - Play ground/ open space 4. Should I consider parking? 5. Begin again with the unit explore its relationship to other elements then place it on the site. 6. Housing should be faced on a North South axis to optimize light an capture views of city 5. Three levels structure from left to right across site 8. The housing grid should be 20 by 20 in order to create intimacy of structure and space also optimizing the ability to alter facade’
Step 3 Placement of module on grid Module is placed with considerations for connecting public spaces. Interested in using the sloping topography to stack elements. Diagrammed the connection of the public spaces to one another. Creating dense layout with many overlapping spaces.
Step 4 Section Across Site There is no section to express these spaces. Before one was done there was a critique about privacy and ownership of the unit within the module. Therefore I continued to the next experiment
DESIGN PROCESS: site exploration 3
chamberland st jackson street
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Step 1 the Module
Based on observation, the courtyard needs great consideration, however the structural grid has to be established in order to successfully place the module on site. Mainly because the grid helps to determine where the module would be placed. Experiment contains no module, it is merely a charrette about the grid.
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Step 2 the grid
100 feet by 100 feet the grid set up for the vehicle. This grid is laid in place to determine if the vehicle needs to enter the site and if it does where those opportunities could be.
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observations
After overlapping all of the grids, I found it a bit difficult to extract information. When I realized the scale and the scope of the proposed project I realized I would not be able to design a sophisticated enough project with the available amount of time left in the semester. The center section with a medium density zone and an existing building is the section I have decided to plan for. Two story maximum for building heights in this section. Design the module using 20 x 20 foot grid. This module should consider ownership.
Step 3 Placement of module on grid A 20 feet by 20 feet grid is established for the housing unit. This grid is oriented north /south in order to receive the maximum amount of sun. According to the unit developed last semester the south facade has translucent glass and the north transparent. This is considered the most private facade as has the least amount of pedestrian traffic.
Step 4 Section Across Site This is the second instance with no section through the site to show spaces. This iteration was to figure out the structural grid across the site. Because it became overwhelming I moved to the next iteration with a smaller section to program
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DESIGN PROCESS: site exploration 4
Privacy Map: describes levels of Ownership Private (Naked Space)- the most private of the outdoor spaces Semi private (door knocker)- The threshold before entering Semi private/semi public (terrace)- viewed by many owned by one Semi public (side walker)- transitional space Semi public/ public (facade’)- barrier between unit and street Public (pretend)- completely in the public eye. One usually expected to govern ones behavior
walkway above shops below
section of concentration
temporal patition dividing residence
private garden space community space
Step 1 the Module
Two units facing each other with the courtyard as inner space. The inner courtyard or ‘naked space’ feeds into the ‘terrace’ where neighbors are allowed to share or separate their planting. The retail or ‘active zone’ is tucked underneath unit, roof provides a public space. This module is repeated. - Here privacy settings describe levels of ownership.
Step 2 the grid
-20 by 20 infrastructure based on the housing unit, a dimension of 20 by 50. 20 feet can be broken into increments of 10 feet. -Intimate scale of 5 feet. -Consider orientation south facade’ public and north private. Adjust light and glass types accordingly
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observations
Change the infrastructure grid, 12 by 12 is the standard cell of the unit. A 24 by 24 foot infrastructure grid informs general design decisions. - For the module create a private and public area. - Separate public and Private in plan North private and south public in section first floor public and second floor private. -Try to create active spaces. A necessary function for safe streets.
Step 3 Placement of module on grid Orientation of unit changed to work with slope. Referencing vehicle and unit grids assisted in making alternating decisions for the unit.
Step 4 Section Across Site Section shows the infrastructure, the change in elevation and the module being integrated on the site. It also shows the interaction between private and public functions. 15. 32 foot drop over 262 feet
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DESIGN PROCESS: site exploration 5
Represents a covered walkway similar to that of a bazaar. It allows light to enter the spaces below while allowing access to programs on second floor
Step 1 the Module
The module which was explored before is used again, except the shop is taken from below and placed adjacent to the paired units. When this module was being constructed the ideas of a New York street were considered. The idea that a private front door could be on the edge of a very rapid public street. What is a good distance between two front doors? -Module also shows considerations for expansion. If family size increases and extra bedroom can be added. -Increase privacy by shifting the location of the front door of unit
Step 2 the grid
-20 x 20 infrastructure based on the housing -Scale of experiments have doubled, because the focus of the project is no longer the entire chosen site. Consider the grid in relation to the unit and active spaces
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Observations
-Make considerations for topography and two story zoning (R-4), what I have considered medium density. The previous module was not complex enough, it generated a suburban style with no overlapping of program and of space.
Step 3 Placement of module on grid The last section helped me to think of the site in three dimensions. The site is divided into three sections Upper, middle and lower. Each are overlap to create rich connections between the two floors
Step 4 Section Across Site There is no relationship between functions which exist above the first floor. Half of site is covered, Would like to create areas where the ground plane becomes a roof.
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design process: site exploration 6
Re-cap
-Interested in the connectivity of the first experiment with lots of overlapping. Therefore I have began by selecting connection points between different vacant lots. -Considerations for the car have been made according to the traffic speeds on the site. - Created an active space with active spaces surrounding it with views to the city. Considering slope of site in three sections one before the public space and on after it. There is a complete level change. -Make considerations for covered corridors vs. unconditioned ones. Note: higher speed of traffic. Enter site here if there is parking
Step 1 the Module
Module remains the same from experiment 5. Zoomed out and looked at the context of the entire site and opportunities for connection. Large enclosed space in center, with views to the city.
Step 2 the grid
-24 x 24 foot grid, changed to accommodate change over time of the unit.
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observations
The overall layout is a separation between retail and housing; experiment 5 was a good example of blurred boundaries. Major problem, the ‘thick surface’ blurs boundaries between functions. Public and Private must be mixed well, explore possibilities of housing on both floors. The next iteration should be a combination of stepped slope of the module in Ex 4, the Mixed functions, covered walks and double active zones of Ex 5. Roof gardens and green spaces create as much density as possible. Remember the covered walks
Step 3 Placement of module on grid This is an effort to create the heightens density. Instead of following the original order of module, grid, placement and section, I decided to construct a model first. This drawing came after the construction of the model. The illustration to the left shows what is built and what is open and what is above and below.
Step 4 Section Across Site There is no variation in the program in section. Creating massive retail spaces below. Horizontal transition spaces all uniform with no connections to the second level creating dead zones within the project.
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Design process: site exploration 7
Step 1 the Module
Two units facing each other with private area in between. They have the ability to expand by adding an extra room or store front for selling goods. - Vacancies can be used as active zones alongside housing like NY city - Active zones can also be tucked away with spaces for walking above/ planting etc.
Step 2 the grid
Grid based on 24 x 24 structural bays with penetration from the diagonal path cutting through to create opens pace and views to the city.
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Observations
Layout proved to be diverse in one dimension. Next Iteration should focus on south section to diversify functions in all directions. Still considering privacy and ownership.
-Create different conditions arrange on site. 1. HOH AOH AOA 2. HOA HOO AOO (A)active (H)house (O)Overhang
Step 3 Placement of module on grid Aim is to create a dense section filled with housing and active spaces
Step 4 Section Across Site The section is considered here only in model form. This model is to show integration of the building and landscape. Some experimental moments emerge after placing overhangs and overlapping program.
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Design process: site exploration 8
Step 1 the Module
Illustrations represent the conditions mentioned to explore in the last iteration. They have helped to diversify my section. Allowing active spaces to occur on second level. They have also created a more dense environment of housing.
Step 2 the grid
The structural grid remains the same. It has proven to be one that works quite well.
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observations
The spaces proved to be quite diverse and dense. A clear understanding of the relationship between public and private and the spaces they create is necessary for this to be a successful project. Take sections to show these relationships. What does a covered walk way look like and can these have functions as well.
Step 3 Placement of module on grid There is a combination of experiment 5 and 7. The first expressed the diversity of function and covered walks. The second was an interest in open space and the access to views in the city. A study to show courtyard, and level heights of function is expressed here as well.
Step 4 Section Across Site Note: Section does not express ground plane. It was necessary to diversify program in section. Red represents active zones and royal blue represents housing unit and sky blue the covered transition spaces.
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design process: site plan
3.1.2
Site plan explorations: scale 1/16
The scale of the site plan has increased to consider the spaces in between the buildings. The communal spaces, also referred to in the European Precedents as ‘internal streets,’ happen in these spaces. The interactions which take place cannot be determined nor traced. The two illustrations show development of the site plan.
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Design Process: Site Plan
3.1.3
Topographical Studies
The three illustrations to the right express an understanding of finish floors and the workings of an underground parking. Although the site slopes, the slope is not great enough to provide an adequate amount of space for parking below ground. Pedestrians should be able to access site at grade and therefore the space above the parking, the play yard, would have to be elevated. A wavy wall would disguise the change in elevation and this separation would create safety for the children. The design of the parking is expressed in both the final plan as well as section B.
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3.1.4
Design process: program Organization
Program Adjacencies and Dimensions
This affordable housing community for women with children is
Some of these mini functions include: day cares,
designed to satisfy a single mother’s needs of support, ownership
mini
and convenience. The community is designed to aid transitional
playgrounds, classrooms, pharmacy, et cetera. These
homeless women to a more stable home by providing them with
functions have been placed strategically, aiding the
affordable housing, education and job skills. This project acts
families and diversifying the community. Diversity is
as an urban in-fill by filling vacant lots with low rise, high density
essential for successful cities and communities, by
housing, small scale retail options, and architectural infrastructure
providing an abundance of resources and adding to
consideration, all proposed to support the single mother with
the community’s quality of life.
markets,
laundry-mats,
workshop
facilities,
Cell configuration 24
children and the surrounding communities. Once the structural grid and the module are established, functions can be arranged in any combination. This allows for ease of access as well as the flexibility to change over time. This hyper adaptability
24
24 x 24 = 576 2(24 x 24) = 1,152 3(24 x 24) = 1,728
sets the tone for an affordable housing project because the community can grow and shrink as it needs to. Units can be added or subtracted in order to support the following: A source of income, an extra bedroom, larger retail space, vacancy, larger courtyard, et cetera.
4(24 x 24) = 2,304
design process
47%= 80,672 SF Designed Area
54%= 43,648 SF Occupied Space
Total Square Footage of Selected Area: 172,224 Housing (20) Units @1700: 34,000 Laundry Mat (2) @550: 1,100 Day care 700: 700 Computer Lab: 750 Kitchen: 1134 Counseling Offices (5) 120: 600 Lunch Counter: 800 Clothing Closet: 550 Eye glasses: 1000 Library: 1008 Study Quiet (2) @ 300: 600 Workshop (2) @ 150: 300 Convenience: 700 Drug store: 576 Electronic Store: 550 Baby Supplies: 1152 Gym: 500 Cistern: 1152 Rock climbing Wall: 2 story Beauty Shop: 576 Planting supplies: 700 Covered Walkways: 25,920
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3.1.5
design Process: Program Organization
final site model: scale 1/32
These photographs were taken to show the building heights and structure.
Page Title
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3.2.1
Design Process: surface, service, and structure
Roof Plan
The roofs of the site are intended for urban farming. Essentially the roofs are inhabitable and they receive the most amount of sun. The roof planting areas along with the covered walkways are ADA accessible. Elevators as well as ramps provide ease of access. Each occupant has the same experience of the site.
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Design Process: Site Diagrams
[Site: Programs]
residential zone
[Structural Grid]
Structural beams Structural columns
Commercial zones
Structural cmu walls
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[Infrastructure]
Vertical circulation
[Site]
Private Green Space
Horizontal circulation Organizational infrastructure
Public Green Space
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3.2.3
Design Process: Surface, service and structure
site Sections B
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3.2.3
Design Process: Surface, service and structure
site Sections A
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3.2.3
Design Process: Surface, service and structure
site Sections c
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3.3
Design Process: cell analysis and concept development
Cell analysis and concept development
Privacy Map: describes levels of Ownership Private (naked space)- the most private of the outdoor spaces semi private (door knocker)- the threshold before entering the house semi private/semi public (terrace)- the space closely attached with the house, and is the owner’s property semi public (side walker)- transitional space, belonging to public, yet close to the residence semi public/ public (facade)- barrier between residence and public right of way Public (pretend)- completely in the public eye and a non private space The fluidity between the dining room, kitchen and living room create an enlarged space. The square footage of the unit is sufficient even though some might consider it cramped. The ceiling height and this fluidity help to relax these phycological feelings. The levels of privacy are also diagrammed here.
It is important to understand the user before assigning program within the unit. This diagram illustrates a separation between public and private.
Design Process
Circulation is used as a separator between quiet and active zones within the unit.
Because the unit is built as a modular entity the grid is necessary. A twenty-four foot grid is stretched across the entire site in which the module must fit. The dimensions of the programmed grid were derived from the modular elements of the unit. The ceiling of the active zone is lifted to create a grand experience.
The placement of each function is based upon north and south sun exposure. Typically entrances are placed on the northern facade’ while living and recreational areas are placed on the south. The atmosphere created by natural light, scale and access to nature will dictate allocation.
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The final arrangement is a consideration for public and private zones, intimacy, sun exposure and experiential relationships. For example the Kitchen is often thought of as the hearth of the home and is placed at the center. The courtyard, although normally situated at the south, is adjacent to the kitchen allowing a mother to have views to her child at play.
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3.3.1
Design Process: cell analysis and concept development
the cell
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CMU Load Bearing Wall transparent glass chalk Wall steel tubing operable window precast panels translucent Glass water trough screened wall
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3.3.2
design process: cell analysis and concept development
modular profiles
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3.3.4
design process: cell analysis and concept development
process plans
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3.3.5
design Process: cell analysis and concept development
MAterials and Construction
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design synthesis
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design synthesis: final Presentation
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Design synthesis: Final Presentation
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4.2
Design Synthesis: critical response and reflection
critical response and reflection
Why was I interested in this project?
Place can be defined in both physical and metaphysical, my intent
lacking an understanding of the human condition. Because I do
for this project was to understand both. The physical would be the
not have a psychology or sociology background I was unaware of
I believe architects have a responsibility to humanity. It is our
building boundary concealing the individual from the elements,
thought about program, and the user groups which would take part
profession to design and shape space for the human body. The
etc. The metaphysical is determined by the individual and his or her
in the community I was designing. Also I found it hard to incorporate
human body is controlled by the psyche and therefore the surface,
understandings about dwelling. These notions are the beginnings of
the structure, although it was the underlying architecture element in
scale and any other tactile quality, affects the way we feel. There
my thoughts toward architecture and how I might formulate thesis.
making this entire complex function. More or less it was always in my
is an underlying feeling that I have about an individual’s place of residence and notions about privacy, security, and comfort. I am
mind I just was unsure how to illustrate it and therefore I continued to What are some aspects I enjoyed about this project?
aware that preference determines these levels for each individual
be delayed. Towards the end of this project I became comfortable with it and have illustrations and models to show this.
differently. I am also aware that through design we cannot
I enjoyed most my lack of understanding for things and knowing
Am I pleased with the level to which I completed the project?
determine the outcome of individual’s reaction within a space, it
that I really had to define the user and eliminate any preconceived
Initially I was interested in designing only the cell, that being clarified
is only speculation. I do however feel it is still our duty to research,
notions I had about homelessness, place, scale, density, suburbia,
as the housing unit. I was looking forward to detailing a door knob.
make observations, and apply the knowledge we do have to our
etc. Once those things were cleared up, I could begin to design
The door knob is the built element one touches before entering and
practices with the hopes of positive outcomes. Therefore when issues
a cell for dwelling. I also enjoyed working at different scales
therefore, I felt it was important. I am not highly displeased where
like homeless, epidemics, war and disaster relief, which I define as
simultaneously, making mistakes, and challenging what the cell,
my project ended because I do not treat it as a conclusion. I am
crisis, are present, I feel it is my duty to respond to it. Each requires
the structure, its placement, and the sustainable aspects about the
exited my project went in the direction of understanding the city
an understanding of the human mind reacting to an undetermined
structure.
without this cell is placed and how the cell corresponds to it. These
outcome. I try to imagine how it may feel to have something and
What was I most challenged by?
scales challenged my understanding of anchoring a building. This
then not have it. It is defined as the most devastating event in a human’s life.
community was became anchored because of the correlation I felt the most challenged by the social aspects of this project and
between the programs of the city and the site. It became necessary
design synthesis
for the community to exist there and no place else. What have I learned? As much as I am optimistic, there are some issues that architecture just cannot solve. How do you feel about your final review? I believe my final review was accurate with what I provided the jurors to talk about. At my final review I did not have a lot of architectural elements to talk about and it became a social issue conversation pretty fast. There were elements about place making and dwelling which I left out. Maybe these ideas will resurface when I reach a more complete level of understanding about this cell. How will I move forward? I will continue to think on issues of dwelling and how architecture can accomplish this. My career will most likely be shaped around these initial interests.
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Findings and Summary: Bibliography and glossary of terms
Bibliography (1933). Techwood Homes (Public Housing), Bounded by North Avenue, Parker Street, William Street & Lovejoy Street, Atlanta, Fulton County, GA: Techwood Homes Historic District. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from The Library of Congress Web site: www. loc.gov/pictures/item/ga0662/.
Beatriz, C. (1996) Battle Lines:E. 1027. Received on September 27, 2012, from (http://www.interstices.auckland.ac.nz/i4/thehtml/ keynotes/colomina/colomina.pdf) Brown, R. (2009, June). Atlanta is Making Way for New Public Housing. The New York Times. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from www.nytimes.com/2009/06/21/us/21atlanta.html
(2006) Homeless: A Teen Perspective. Filmmedia group, 2006. Film
Code of Ordinances: City of Atlanta. Codified through Ordinance No. 2013-09(13-O-0508), approved March 27, 2013.
on Demand. Web. 19 Febuary 2012. <http://digitalfilms.com.proxsygsu-sct1.galileo.usg.edu/ PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=8713&xtid=36256>. (2009). Palladio and Corbusier: What can we learn from Them about Housing? World Press. Retrieved March 3 2013, from http:// homesdesign.wordpress.com/2009/03/01/palladio-and-lecorbusier/. Adrian, A. and B. Edwards (2012). Narkomfin Communal House. Studio 3 Narkomfin Redesign. Retrieved March 8, 2013, from http://dropr.com/blairedwards/20005/studio_3_narkomfin_ redesign_2/~?p=126084. Allen. S. (2001) Mat Urbanism: The Thick 2D. Retrieved on October 29, 2012, from, (http://modulatingspace.files.wordpress. com/2010/08/the-thick-2d.pdf).
De Chirara, J. and L. Koppelman. (1984) Time-Saver Standards for Site Planning. United States: McGrawHill Book Company. Fores, J. Mat Urbanism: Growth and Change. Retrieved October 29, 2012, from (my professor as a PDF.). Heusel, Karen J. (1995). Homeless Children: Their Perspectives. New York; Garland. Heynen, H. (1999). Architecture facing Modernity: A Critique. Cambridge Massachusetts: MIT Press. Holliman, I. (2008). Techwood Homes. The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from www. georgiaenclopedia.org/ruge/article.jsp?id=h-3301.
Keating, L. (2000). Sixty and Out: Techwood Homes Transformed by Enemies and Friends. Journal of Urban History. Vol 26. N 3 March 2000. Kenneth, R. (Photographer). (1948) Atlanta Public Housing [Images]. United States, Atlanta History Center. Kroll, A. (2010). AD Classics: Unite dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Habitation/ Le Corbusier. Archdaily. Retrieved March9 , 2013, from http://www.archdaily. com/85971/ad-classics-unite-d-habitation-le-corbusier/ Non-Place. Walker Art Museum. Retrieved on December 6, 2012, from <http:// design.walkerart.org/worldsaway/Terms/Non-place>. Leach, N. (1998). Dark Side of the Domus. The Journal of Architecture. Volume 3. School of Architecture, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. Morgan, W. N. (2008). Earth Architecture: From Ancient to Modern. Florida: University Press of Florida, 63-64. Reed, Richard B. Jr and Quintus C. Colbert. (2006) Homeless: Architecture Where negative is Positive. Atlanta; Architecture Project.
Findings and summary
Sherwood, R. (2002). Halen. Housing Prototypes.org. Retrieved March 9, 2013, from http://housingprototypes.org/project?File_ No=CH008. Tiege, K. (1932). The Minimum Dwelling (E. Dluhosch, Trans.) Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Proletariat Unit. Retrieved September 17 2012, from (http:// depeteryi.com/prol/comment/reply/3). Vostanis, P.,& Cumella, S. (Eds.). (1999) Homeless Children: Problems and Needs. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Photography pg 20-21 of this document. Retrieved Feburary 19, 2013, from http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/12/ homelessness_around_the_world.html. Robinson, M. Ph. D. (2007). Retrived November 11, 2012, from voices.yahoo.com/homeless-women-children-problemsolution-368646.html. Fores, J. Mat Urbanism: Growth and Change. Retrieved October 29, 2012, from (my professor as a PDF).
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Glossary of Terms Anchoring can be defined as one’s ability to place themselves within the larger confines of their environment. In order for an individual to feel well within a space, they should be informed about their surroundings. This allows us to anchor ourselves within our environment (Corodi, 81). Dwelling 1. Is a social act linking the actions of resting to economic, productive and cultural factors. 2. Is emotionally defined as feeling part of and/ or willing to give life as a substitute for the preservation of (Leach, 1998). Modern- Objects of modern decent are first, the present or current, implying that objects of past such as tradition are second, such as tradition. Non-Place “Spaces of temporary, transient activity as to not have the significance to be regarded as ’places’; also called non-places.” The term “non-place” was coined by French anthropologist Marc Augé, who wrote Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity (1995). Airports, supermarkets, hotel rooms, and highways are examples of non-places. These are spaces designed to be passed through or consumed rather than appropriated. The
working class slum left individuals with no ability to take ownership of and reconcile non-places for themselves, leaving little or no trace of their proper engagement with it. Other also referred to as outsiders, non-conformists, wanderers, anarchists, homeless, and anyone who might be perceived as alien or potentially threatening (Leach, 1998). Vernacular is a term coined from the Latin word vernaculus meaning native, indigenous or domestic. A structure influenced by the environment, human behavior, neighboring structures, material resources and conflicts in the area is considered vernacular (Leach 1998).
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