Biomedical Manufacturing: The Space In Between by Jason Knight

Biomedical Manufacturing: The Space In Between

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Building Arts in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Architecture in Architecture at Savannah College of Art and Design Jason Knight Savannah ÂŠ May and May 2014 of submission 2014

Fernando Munilla Ryan Bacha Meghan Woodcock

Table of Contents: List of Figures Thesis Abstract Chapter 001_Abstract

1.1 Abstract Chapter 002_Factual Data 2.1 Data Chapter 003_Case Studies 3.1 Biomanufacturing Research Insitute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) 3.2 Health Sciences Education Building 3.3 Google Headquarters 3.4 Metalsa Center for Manufacturing Innovation Chapter 004_Site Analysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Radius 4.3 Demographics 4.4 Cultural Context 4.5 Land Usage 4.6 Site 4.7 Site Section 4.8 Paths 4.9 Climate 4.10 Interpretation of Site 4.11 Philadelphia 2035 4.12 University City Science Center Chapter 005_Programming 5.1 Introduction 5.2 User Personas 5.3 Proposed Square Footage 5.4 Program Breakdown 5.5 Program Matrix 5.6 Conceptual Landscape 5.7 LEED Potential 5.8 Program Bubble 5.9 Program Experience 5.10 Labs 5.11 Interaction Areas 5.12 Goals Chapter 006_Concept Development 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Concept 6.3 Bubble Diagrams and Sketches

1 14 15 31 45

117

6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

Programming on the Site Splitting up the Site Regulating Lines 3D Space Model Space Planning Model Chapter 007_Schematic Design 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Optimum Orientation 7.3 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) numbers 7.4 Solar Radiation Study 7.5 Wind Study 7.6 Concept Diagram 7.7 Case Study Diagram 7.8 Site Plan 7.9 Floor Plans 7.10 Section 7.11 Sustainable Strategies 7.12 Exploded Form Use Diagram 7.13 Perspectives Chapter 008_Codes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Egress System Criteria 8.3 Egress and ADA System 8.4 LIfe Saftey 8.5 Structure System Options 8.6 Structure System 8.7 Sustainablity 8.8 Daylighting 8.9 Develolpment Sketches Chapter 009_Final Design 9.1 Site Plan 9.2 Floor Plans 9.3 Elevations 9.4 Sections 9.5 Sustainable Section 9.6 Wall Detail 9.7 Final Boards Chapter 010_Conclusion 10.1 Conclusion

Bibliography

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175

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225 229

List of Figures:

Title Page: 0.1_DNA Strand- http://hdw.eweb4.com/wallpapers/2420/

Chapter 1: 1.1_Molecular Decomposition p.15 - http://th05.deviantart.net/fs31/PRE/ f/2008/186/4/c/Molecular_Decomposition_by_NitroX72.png 1.2_Home 3D Printer p.17- http://www.polarismr.com/Portals/58820/images/Fab@ Home_Model_1_3D_printer.jpg 1.3_ Advanced Prosthetic p.20- http://spectrum.ieee.org/robotics/medical-robots/winner-the-revolution-will-be-prosthetized _Regenerative Liver- http://www.designboom.com/technology/3d-printed-organs-from-regenerative-living-cells/ _Nanobot- http-://nanobot-health.blogspot.com/ _Organ Printing- http://www.futuretimeline.net/21stcentury/2025.htm 1.4_ 3D Manufacturing p.21- http://www.hdpaperwall.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/3d-printers-multicolor-airwolfd.jpg 1.5_Nanobots in Bloodstream p.23- http://scienceroll.com/2014/01/03/2014-predictions/ 1.6_ 3D Printer p.25- http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/design/2013/01/diy-bioprinter-wired-design.jpg 1.7_ Skin Cell Testing p.26- http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/originals/f5/71/6c/ f5716c3ba88bc851ac07508a37459e3f.jpg 1.8_Printing Kidneys p.26- http://www.impactlab.net/2013/08/11/3d-printing-body-parts-will-revolutionize-medicine/ 1.9_ Stylish Prosthetic Leg p.27- http://www.bespokeinnovations.com/content/gallery 1.10_ 3D Printers on Shelf p.29- http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/blogs/design/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/ff_3dprinting3_f.jpg 1.11_ Medical Doctor Looking at Touch Screen p.29- http://i.vimeocdn.com/video/266356896_640.jpg Chapter 2: 2.1_Blood Cells p.31- http://pichost.me/1430962/

2.2_ Biomedical Engineerings p.34- http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/26554.aspx 2.3_ Flexleg on Woman p.35- https://www.flexleg.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ Flex Leg-Studio-Full-Body-Side.jpg 2.4_ Ankle foot prosthesic p.35- https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~hgeyer/Research_Robotics. html 2.5_ Flexleg p.35-http://timesnewgeek.blogspot.com/2012/05/flexleg-mobility-aid-for-temporary.html 2.6_Bespoke Prosthesic p.37- http://www.bespokeinnovations.com/content/gallery 2.7_Bioprinting in Layers p.39 - http://www.investmentu.com/article/detail/28026/organovo-3d-bioprinting-pharmaceuticals 2.8_ 3D Printed Organ p.40 - http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-24125678 2.9_Printing Muscle p.40- http://www.technologyreview.com/demo/426985/printing-muscle/

2.10_ Students at Work- p.41 http://www.bls.gov/ooh/images/3647.jpg _ Students in Lab- http://www.sbes.vt.edu/img/undergrad_img.jpg _Biomedical Engineers in Lab- http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/pf/jobs/1010/ gallery.best_jobs_least_stress.moneymag/ _ Projected Percentage Increases in Stem Jobs- http://www.ed.gov/stem 2.11_ Biochip Brain p.43 - http://alfnsdosamantes.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/databrain.jpg

Chapter 3: 3.1_Biochip p.45- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biochip.jpg 3.2_BRITE Elevation p.48- http://www.freelon.com/portfolio/176/Science%20and%20 Technology 3.3_BRITE Entry p.48- http://www.freelon.com/portfolio/176/Science%20and%20Technology 3.4_BRITE Program Breakdown p.49 - http://www.pkal.org/documents/Breakout%20 I-C%20Freelon-NCCU.pdf 3.5_BRITE Nighttime p.50 - http://www.freelon.com/portfolio/176/Science%20and%20 Technology 2

3.6_BRITE Labs p.50- http://www.freelon.com/portfolio/176/Science%20and%20Technology 3.7_Health and Science Elevation p.51- http://coarchitects.com/expertise-entry/ health-sciences-education-building-phoenix-biomedical-campus/ 3.8_Health and Science Aerial p.53- http://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-co-architects/51802385b3fc4b38340000b5_health-sciences-education-building-co-architects_06_co_az-abc2_hseb_timmerman_224-jpg/ 3.9_Health and Science Plan p.54 - http://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-co-architects/518023efb3fc4b19c70000c8_health-sciences-education-building-co-architects_1st_floor_plan-png/ 3.10_Health and Science Stairs p.54 - http://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-co-architects/5180238cb3fc4b19c70000c7_health-sciences-education-building-co-architects_17_co_az-abc2_hseb_timmerman_222-jpg/ 3.11_Health and Science Outdoor Area p.54 - http://www.archdaily.com/366892/ health-sciences-education-building-co-architects/51802342b3fc4b19c70000c5_health-sciences-education-building-co-architects_25_co_az-abc2_hseb_timmerman_211-jpg/

3.19_Metalsa Office Environment p.62 - http://www.architectmagazine.com/industrial-projects/metalsa-center-for-manufacturing-innovation-designed-by-brooks--scarpa-architects. aspx Chapter 4: 4.1_Biotech Pipette p.63- http://montanabiotech.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/biotech-pipette.jpg 4.2_Aerial of Unversity CIty p.65 - http://imagicdigital.com/2012/08/aerial-photos-of-philadelphia-for-the-center-city-district/ 4.3_Regional Map of Biomedical Schools p.66 - By the author 4.4_Five step Map Breakdown p.67 - By the author 4.5_University City and City Center Map p.68- By the author 4.6_Radius p.69- By the author 4.7_Population Trends by Race p.71- By the author and http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/District%20Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf

3.12_Google Interior p.55- http://www.behance.net/gallery/Google-Headquarters-Silicon-Valley/4858177

4.8_Changing Age Profile p.71- By the author and http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/ plans/District%20Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf

3.13_ Google Public Interior p.55 - http://www.behance.net/gallery/Google-Headquarters-Silicon-Valley/4858177

4.9_Transportation p.72- By the author and http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/District%20Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf

3.14_ Private to Public Diagram p.56- http://www.clivewilkinson.com/work/casestudies/ googleplex.html

4.10_Job Growth p.72- By the author and http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/District%20Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf

3.15_ Google Building Breakdown p.57- http://www.clivewilkinson.com/work/casestudies/ googleplex.html

4.11_University City Statisticsp.72- By the author and http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/ plans/District%20Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf

3.16_Google Hot and Cold Diagram p.58- http://www.clivewilkinson.com/work/casestudies/googleplex.html

4.12_University City Site Diagrams p.73 - By the author

3.17_ Metalsa Facade p.59 - http://www.archello.com/en/project/center-manufacturing-innovation-metalsa-cidevec/image-43 3.18_Metalsa Sustainable Strategies p.61 - http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs. dir/1/files/2013/07/Metalsa-SA-Complete-Brooks-Scarpa-15.jpg

4.13_Site Breakdown p.74 -By the author 4.14_University City and Site Aerial p.75 - http://imagicdigital.com/2012/08/aerial-photos-of-philadelphia-for-the-center-city-district/ 4.15_Cultural Context p.77- By the author 4.16_Land Usage p.78- By the author

4.17_Site and City Center Relationship p.79- By the author 4.18_Site p.81- By the author 4.19_Site Section p.82- By the author 4.20_Site Axonmetric p.83 - By the author 4.21_Path One p.85 - Google Maps 4.22_Path One Site p.86 - Google Maps 4.23_Path Two p.87 - Google Maps 4.24_Path Two Site p.88 - Google Maps 4.26_Climate p.89 - By the author, Ecotect, Revit and Climate Consultant 4.27_Site Interpretation p.91 - By the author 4.28_Site Interpretation with sun p.92 - By the author 4.29_Philadelpha 2035 logo p.93 - http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/District%20 Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf 4.30_City Planning for University District p.93- http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/ District%20Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf 4.31_Market Street Planning p.94- http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/District%20 Plans%20Library/USW_full%20plan.pdf 4.32_University City Science Center logo p.95 - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ en/b/bc/UCScienceCenter_logo.png _3737 Market Street- http://www.aurp.net/assets/ucscforpublication039.jpg 4.33_Proposed Buildings on Market Street p.96 - www.dvrpc.org Chapter 5: 5.1_DNA Testing p.97 - http://www.metaplasticbc.com/matrix-producing-carcinoma/ 5.2_Biochip p.99 - http://www.chromatographytechniques.com/sites/chromatographytechniques.com/files/legacyimages/Chromatography_Techniques/Magazine/Other_Technologies/CT1211CoverBiochip.jpg 5.3_Man Silhoutte p.101- http://labour25.com/labour25/standing-silhouette-right/ 5

_Two Women Silhoutte- http://jessicachivers.com/coach/maternitycomeback/ _Doctor Silhoutte- http://writingonthewall-vaneck.blogspot.com/2011/06/2-oclockin-morning.html _Woman Walking Siloutte- http://vector-magz.com/human/walking-woman-silhouette-item-3/ 5.4_Biotechnology Equipment p.103 - http://mytestbuddy.com/images/QuizImage/BIOTECHNICA_Anwendungen-Industrielle-Biotechnologie_Industrial-Biotechnology-Applications_mytestbuddy_230313025415.jpg 5.5_Program Matrix Diagram p.107 - By the author 5.6_Program Matrix Breakdown p.108 - By the author 5.7_Concept Landscape p.109- By the author 5.8_LEED Potential p.110- By the author 5.9_Program Bubble Diagram p.111- By the author 5.10_Program Bubble Breakdown p.112- By the author 5.11_Program Experiences p.113- By the author _Lab Professors- http://www.todayins.com/health-insurance-plans-important-dates/756 _Lab Students- http://www.unthsc.edu/news/newsrelease.cfm?id=1303#Uuw2bXckQvk _Clients- http://www.brownsteinegusa.com/online-marketing/business-to-business-referrals/ _Students in Lab Testing- http://education-portal.com/articles/Job-Growth_in_the_ Next_Decade_Medical_Research.html _Nanofab Room- http://www.theguardian.com/nanotechnology-world/nanofactories-a-future-vision _Robotic Hand- http://hub.jhu.edu/2013/01/02/prosthetic-arm-60-minutes _How Nanobots Work- http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/ gold-nanotech1.htm 5.12_Lab Design p.114- Hardo, Braun. Research and Technology Buildings: A Design Manual. Springer. 2005. Print 5.13_Interaction Areas p.115 - By the author _Lobby- http://monicasiarcblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/inspiring-lobby-spaces.html _Lecture Hall- http://phoenixmed.arizona.edu/news/national-group-says-med-school-enrollments-applications _Cafe- http://www.designboom.com/architecture/big-completes-the-danish-national-maritime-museum-10-18-2013/ 6

_Cleint Meeting Area- http://retaildesignblog.net/2012/12/20/livingsocial-office-by-the-interiors-group-london/ _Nanofab- http://www.timesunion.com/business/article/In-the-chips-on-payday-4342320.php#photo-4305028 _Classrooms- http://www.utdallas.edu/residencehall/building/images/classroom1.jpg Offices http://gaweomah.blogspot.com/2013/02/googles-new-office-in-dublin.html _Lab Support- http://www.seas.harvard.edu/teaching-labs/teaching-labs-facilities _Labs- http://biomedical.rutgers.edu/images/research/lab.jpg

6.16_Space Planning Top p.138 - By the author

Chapter 6:

7.3_Optium Orientation p.143- Image taken from Ecotect

6.1_Biotech Researcher p.117 - http://www.laney.edu/wp/technology/files/2009/01/ biotech-researcher.jpg 6.2_High Tech Bioprinter p.120 - http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-07/ how-it-works-3-d-printer-liver-tissue?dom=PSC&loc=photogalleries&lnk=2&con=how-itworks-a-3d-printer-for-liver-tissue 6.3_Layers Drawing p.121 - By the author 6.4_Layers Model p.122- By the author

Chapter 7: 7.1_3D Printed Blood Vessels p.139- http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/ how-3-d-printing-body-parts-will-revolutionize-medicine 7.2_3D Printed Heart p.141 - http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/ how-3-d-printing-body-parts-will-revolutionize-medicine?dom=PSC&loc=photogaller

7.4_Student 3D printed Kidney p.144- http://www.businessinsider.com/five-fields-3-dprinting-is-already-transforming-2013-9 7.5_Expoloration of Form p.145- By the author using Revit and Green Building Studio 7.6_Exploration of Form Two p.147- By the author using Revit and Green Building Studio 7.7_Exploration of Form Three p.149- By the author using Revit and Green Building Studio

6.5_Development Sketches p.123- By the author

7.8_Organovo Printing Process p.151- http://techcrunch.com/2012/12/17/organovo-autocad/organovo-2/

6.6_3D Program on Site p.125 - By the author

7.9_East Facade Study p.153- By the author using Vasari

6.7_Inverted Regualting Lines p.126- By the author

7.10_South Facade Study p.154- By the author using Vasari

6.8_Existing and Proposed Site p.127 - By the author and Google Maps

7.11_West Facade Study p.155 - By the author using Vasari

6.9_Proposed Site p.128 - By the author

7.12_Wind Study p.156- By the author using Vasari

6.10_Site Section p.128- By the author

7.13_Site Concept Diagram p.157 - By the author

6.11_Regulating Lines Connections p.129- By the author

7.14_Salk Insitute Looking into Ocean p.158- http://www.healthpointcapital.com/research/ salk%20institute.jpg

6.12_ Biotechnology Testing p.131- http://www.ibisworld.com/media/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/biotechnology. 6.13_Technoic Models p.133- By the author 6.14_Series of Sketches p.135- By the author 6.15_Space Planning Model p.137 - By the author 7

7.15_Salk Insitute Outside Look at Labs p.158- http://pingu.salk.edu/~hunter/ 7.16_Salk Insitute Floor Plan p.158- http://coisasdaarquitetura.wordpress. com/2011/07/28/louis-i-kahn/ 7.17_Thesis Biomedical Floor Plan p.158 - By the author 7.18_Site Plan p.159 - By the author 8

7.19_Site Plan Enlarged p.160 - By the author

8.5_Life Safety Egress p.184- By the author

7.20_Level 1 p.161 - By the author

8.6_Open Web Steel Joists Diagram p.185- By the author

7.21_Level 2 p.162- By the author

8.7_Beam Diagram p.186 - By the author

7.22_Level 3 p.163- By the author

8.8_Axonmetric Perceptive Structure System p.187 - By the author

7.23_Level 4 p.164 - By the author

8.9_Nerouns p.189- http://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/science-medical/other/neurons-stock-footage

7.24_Sustainablity Section p.165 - By the author

8.10_Axonmetric Perceptive Section p.191- By the author

7.25_Axonmetric Perceptive Sustainblity p.167 - By the author _Solar Panels- http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YSIKMrbp-pA/TeJDTTWuMoI/ AAAAAAAAAJA/1JAdsbJTV0A/s1600/solar+panels+nature.jpg _Hydrogen Fuel Cell- http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100429/images/_tmp_articling-import-20100428081229879044_4641262a-i3.0.jpg _Bioswale- http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110315232227/sustwatermgmt/ images/d/de/Cross_section_rain_garden.jpg _Permeable Pavers- http://www.livinglandscapes.uk.com/Images/PermeablePavingDiagram02.jpg _Air to Air Heat Exchange- http://www.jeremyhunterhvac.com/images/airquality/ heatexchangers/graphic-how-erv-works.png _Double Skin Envelope- http://myweb.wit.edu/viridis/green_site/projects/2_processes/envelope/1_double-skins/images/01.jpg

9.3_Building Evolution p.201 - By the author

7.26_Building Breakdown p.169- By the author

9.4_Site Plan p. 202- By the author

7.27_Interal Courtyard p.170 - By the author

9.5_Level 1 p.203 - By the author

7.28_Labs on West Side p.170- By the author

9.6_Level 2 p.204 - By the author

7.29_Market Street Perceptive p.171- By the author

9.7_Level 3 p.205- By the author

7.30_Market Street and 38th Street Intersection Perceptive p.173- By the author

9.8_Level 4 p.206- By the author

Chapter 8: 8.1_Person Looking at Heart p.175 - http://geekhaus.com/3space/anatomy-modeling/

9.9_West Elevation p.207- By the author

8.2_3D Printed Leg p.178- http://a-bstruse.tumblr.com/post/27572549626 8.3_Egress and ADA System p.181 - By the author 8.4_Life Safety Path p.183- By the author 9

8.11_Axonmetric Perceptive Sustainablity p.192- By the author 8.12_Daylighting Different Facade Studies p.193- By the author 8.13_Design Development Sketches p.195- By the author Chapter 9: 9.1_Lady Looking at Biochip p.197- http://www.eng.uci.edu/dept/bme 9.2_Perspective from Market Street p.199 - By the author

9.10_East Elevation p.207 - By the author 9.11_North Elevation p.209 - By the author 9.12_Section p.209 - By the author 9.13_Exit from Parking p.211 - By the author

9.14_Biophila â&#x20AC;&#x153;Discoveryâ&#x20AC;? Courtyard p.211 - By the author 9.15_Knowledge Core p.212- By the author 9.16_Labs p.212- By the author 9.17_Entry into Courtyard p.213- By the author 9.18_Lobby p.213- By the author 9.19_Intersection of Market and 38th Street p.215- By the author 9.20_Sustainablity Axonmetric Percpective p.217 - By the author 9.21_Building Breakdown p.218- By the author 9.22_West Wall Detail p.219- By the author 9.23_ West Detail-Solar Incidence p.220 - By the author 9.24_Climate Tracking Louvers p.220 - http://www.construction.com/CE/CE_images/2013/May_Ornamental-Metal-Institute-10.jpg 9.25_Final Board 1 p.221- By the author 9.26_Final Board 2 p.222- By the author 9.27_Final Board 3 p.223- By the author 9.28_Final Board 4 p.224- By the author Chapter 10: 10.1_Blood Vessels p.225- http://www.cgtrader.com/blog/3d-printing-in-medicine-howtechnology-will-save-your-life 10.2_Purple 3D Printer p.227- http://parametricart.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/ dsc_0349.jpg

Biomedical Manufacturing: The Space In Between

Jason Knight

May 2014

This thesis establishes an awareness to the growing need in biomedical research and development facilities. The thesis attempts to build a relationship to site, climate, and program and how it was further developed to the surrounding site context. The building typology comes from a design development that focuses on building performance, sustainable issues, and building codes. The goal of this thesis was to create a sustainable building prototype that would be used on other research and development facilities as well as manufacturing. It would help promote a more sustainable future with buildings as well as products. Finally, it will allow the public to gain a greater knowledge in this growing field with the help of its urban conditions.

Figure 1.1

001: Abstract

1.1 Abstract

Abstract 1.1 Manufacturing has been an important part of the US economy since the first Model-T came off Henry Fordâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s production line. In 2011, manufacturing contributed $1.8 trillion in GDP and employed 11.8 million people. It is estimated that an additional 7 million non-manufacturing jobs, as well as, service jobs are linked to the manufacturing sector. 90% of patents, 70% of R&D work and 50% of exports come from the manufacturing sector. Despite the importance to our economy, our century old global leadership position in manufacturing and innovation is at risk by global competition. Many US manufacturing companies are challenged to upgrade or install new equipment because of cost and investment constraints. One Figure 1.2

reason these companies canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t upgrade is

the cost of the heavy machinery. Instead companies continue to use dated technology and processes which are less efficient and more costly. Not only do we need to continue to increase productivity in manufacturing, we also need to increase the speed at which new products are commercialized in the marketplace. There is also a need for cleaner and more efficient and environmentally friendly processes. We need to take advantage of the rapid rate of technology advancements to provide affordable new equipment and upgrades to increase the speed of delivering new and innovative products to be put on the market. Biomedical manufacturing is one sector that can greatly benefit from new and advanced technology to develop new and improved products to meet the growing demand. Key success metrics in the biomedical field are

innovation, speed to market and safety. All

today’s technology they are becoming

of these metrics can be enhanced through

more lifelike with the help of fluid robotic

collaborative partnerships in state of the art

technology. Bionics is the idea of biology

research and development facilities.

and engineering coming together and

Biomedical is a growing manufacturing

making movements found in nature but with

industry combining new ideas, applications

engineering structures. They have made

and technology in engineering and medicine.

it more adaptable for people’s needs and wants.

The technological

The demand for skin and tissue engineering

advancement opportunities

growing issue in today’s world due to

in prosthetics, skin and

the rise of skin cancer and development

tissue engineering, and

of re growing skin cells. This biological

nanobots can provide

engineering is also used to treat burn

innovative products for the

victims. Instead of burn victims having

growing global population.

permanent burns they can be replace with

Advances in prosthetics

their natural skin tissue and it will grow There is a rise in the demand for prosthetic

naturally. Tissue engineering is a blend of

and bionic limbs not only for American

using natural cells to grow new ones. It can

veterans but for civilian injuries or illness.

replace dead skin cells and replace them

Today’s prosthetic limbs are more advanced

with a more natural way. It covers a wide

than ever before. They use modern day

range of skin issues detailing inside and

materials such as advanced plastics and

outside the body. In the future they will need

carbon-fiber composites. The materials

the equipment to test this growing field of

for prosthetic limbs are becoming lighter

engineering and manufacturing can give it to

and are more naturally fitting. A few

them.

years ago, prosthetic limbs were large

Nanobots are quickly becoming the future

and clunky (Clements). However, with

of internal medicine. Instead of a patient

Tissue engineering

Nanobots

Figure 1.3

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The next revolution in manufacturing is made right here in America.â&#x20AC;? -Obama

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

of internal medicine. Instead of a patient

manufacturing research by sponsoring

taking a pill, a tiny robot is injected into the

the National Network for Manufacturing

patient’s bloodstream and detects problems

Innovation (NNMI). 45 Institutes for

within the body. Today these tiny robots

Manufacturing Innovation (IMIs) will be

are being tested to treat cancer and other

created under the President’s initiative

critical diseases. These nanobots are

(Clifford). This thesis will address the issue

powerful and intelligent robots that range

of bridging the gap between biomedical

from strengthening the immune system to

research and development and biomedical

breaking up blood clots. It’s only a matter of

manufacturing. The gap between these

time until the demand for nanbots increases

two is that there is no transition from the

and is accepted in mainstream medicine.

research to manufacturing. It usually is just

Nanobots also have a computer monitoring

tested in a lab but they don’t think about

and cameras that can see inside of your

how it can be manufactured for future needs

body. With nanobots being so small it’s

of the world. The need for these type of

going to require a mass production line.

facilities will be more prevalent in the future

Instead of pills going down an assembly

as we get closer to people living longer

line you will see modern day internal robot

and healthier with the use of biomedical

medicine in the masses.

development.

There is a need for increased research and

As there is further advancement in the

development in the manufacturing industry to

development of new technologies and

maintain our global leadership position and

materials it is important to note that there

strengthen this key sector of our economy

are more efficient ways of doing things

and innovation. In President Obama’s 2013

utilizing technology. There needs to be

State of the Union Address, he stated “the

more investigation into creating the next

next revolution in manufacturing is made

generation of materials, innovative process

right here in America.” The government

technologies and next generation of efficient

has invested $ 1 billion in promoting

machinery and equipment. The recent 24

Figure 1.6

innovation of 3d printing is a

will be growing both

to invest in a research

prime example of how new

within and outside of the

and development building.

technology is being used to

biomedical engineering field

technology of manufacturing

further the advancements in

(Modic). The US needs

is evolving around us and

in biomedical technology.

to continue to become

so should our process of

more competitive in the

making it.

In 2012 the 3d

world of manufacturing.

Architecture can facilitate

printing company

Manufacturing is an

this exploration of

made $345.5

important sector of the

bridging the gap between

million, by 2019

cornerstone of our economy

biomedical research and

those earnings are

and we must continue to

development technology and

expected to rise to

create ways to build the

manufacturing production.

$965.5 million

bridge between research

The environment of the two

and development and actual

fields is different, but they

showing how fast the

manufacturing production.

do have similarities. The

demand for the innovation

This is why it is important

purpose of this thesis it to

draw closer attention to the

how architecture â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the

better understanding of how

advantages of biomedical

design of the building - can

new materials and processes

research and manufacturing

service and support such

can accelerate mass

working together in

development. America wants

production of biomedical

one environment. This

to become competitive in the

tools that can be used in

thesis intends to explore

world of manufacturing again

the field more quickly. In

ways to establish closer

and we can only do this by

the future, these new types

relationships between

looking at how we can mass

of buildings will be needed

doctors, researchers,

produce different products

because there will be a

engineers and manufacturing

with the most cutting

experts by coming together

edge technology. This is

close relationship

and collaborating on new

a great opportunity to use

between the

innovative technologies in

developing new technology

medical field

the biomedical field that can

to expand our knowledge

and advanced

be applied to manufacturing.

for the future. Exploring this

technology.

This thesis will also explain

opportunity will provide a

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Not only will it help develop new technology

manufacturing building. We can do this

are performed, it is important to note that

in the biomedical engineering field but it can

by making the products more sustainable

these labs are not intended to develop ways

also produce new ways of manufacturing in

and devise a way of making manufacturing

that innovative products can be efficiently

the architecture field or any kind of field.

buildings more sustainable. We need to think

manufactured or mass produced to meet

This thesis will propose the design

of better ways to recycle these new materials

the growing demand in the biomedical field.

of a prototype building to provide the

before itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s too late and find ourselves at

The gap between R&D and manufacturing

collaborative environment needed to

the same point of where we are now. We

can be eliminated by designing prototype

bridge the gap between research and

are at a crossroads of still thinking of new

buildings that develop innovative of

manufacturing. Specifically, this means the

solutions of how we recycle the products in

the actual manufacturing process. As

prototype design will help as a teaching and

the manufacturing world.

manufacturing moves to a greener way of

learning method in how we manufacture for

Although there are sites and institutions

thinking, sustainable utilization of equipment,

future needs, as well as, how we look at a

where research and development and testing

processes and products should be

considered in the design of architecture. The biomedical research and development facility will also test the importance of modern day social interactions and how it creates a creative learning experience to generate new ways of thinking. Science and technology are moving at such a rapid rate that we will need bigger, modern day facilities to do more research and manufacturing. This is an opportunity to enhance and revitalize the manufacturing industry in America. Not only do we need new manufacturing technology like the 3d printer, but we also need to understand Figure 1.10

how advanced development such a biomedical science and research can help guide America toward a new future. The use of a research and development manufacturing building where collaboration between research, development, technology, engineering and manufacturing will help us make progress towards a more technological and competitive sustainable future.

Figure 1.11

Figure 2.1

002: Factual Data

2.1 Data

Data 2.1The future of manufacturing is coming and we need to be prepared. The article “Factory 2.0,” describes a new wave of manufacturing that is coming and how it will save time, money and materials. The world of manufacturing is getting more technological and they are striving for the advancement in manufacturing technologies and the industry or AMTs. These AMTs will help create complex geometries while using what they call “the second generation of World Wide Web” or Web 2.0. Web 2.0 includes all the social technology that can be found on the internet today and will help provide global communication. Today only a handful a manufactures are trying to accomplish this idea of ‘Factory 2.0’ but on a smaller scale. There are three primary categories that new machinery in the AMT are emerging, which are subtractive, forming and additive processes (Fox).The AMTs scales are immaculate and can range anywhere from microscopic to an entire building being manufactured.

With ‘Factory 2.0’ being introduced

they are also looking at how it impacts the

ATMs and 3d printers are becoming more affordable through companies. They are also testing out how 3d printing can help print prosthetics and make replacement fittings. Stephen Fox’s notes, “Factory

2.0 can create new jobs anywhere that product ideas originate – and enable much lower consumption of materials and energy wherever there is demand for those products” (Fox). There are multiple ways of looking at prosthetics today. Some of them are temporary and others are permanent, but they both look towards the future. The Veteran Affairs (VA) for example, is looking at prosthetics from a machine and robot point of view. It is estimated that 6% of the returning wounded soldiers since 2000

Figure 2.2

have lost a limb. They have tested the first ankle powered robotic foot and what they have discovered is that patients had overall better balance and walked 15% faster as opposed to other prosthetic equipment. First, the prosthetic is attached to the limb and nerves. Then a microchip is inserted 34

into the patient’s brain and sends nerve receptors to the limb making it move with your brain. It feels more like a natural movement instead of a plastic arm or making it more bionic. They are working on making these robot prosthetics faster and lighter for future use. The Veterans Affairs are also doing extensive research in the fields of other biomedical studies such as tissue engineering, and nano technology. They are also testing prosthetics from a temporary point of view and getting rid Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

of crutches. With the introduction of the Flexleg, by inventor Mike Sanders’who graduated Brigham Young University with a mechanical engineering degree, this is possible. The idea behind this was to make a hands free prosthetic that attached to the leg for temporary use. It would get rid of crutches and temporarily decrease leg injuries. Sanders says that it was more of an “engineering project…it wasn’t pretty, and it wasn’t manufacturable” (Giges). This thesis would like to address these issues and make innovative projects like Flexleg a reality. Sander’s goes on saying that it’s important

Figure 2.5

to look at product development including

industrial design and manufacturing (Giges). The cost of this piece of equipment is really high, but with the introduction of manufacturing it can help cut down the cost and make it more affordable for everyone that need such medical services. Man and machine are becoming closer than we thought and is moving rapidly. One of the the co-researches at Vanderbilt University, Huseyin Atakan Varol says, “we are entering what some people call the Age of Bionics…a phase where man and machine are becoming integrated…I think our work is a pioneering example of this” (“Powered”). With the advancement of battery life and material it is becoming possible for robot prosthetics to last longer and become more durable. It will also let them expel less energy as they are moving and also fall less. In personal living settings amputees fall as often as elderly people. They tested an ankle and robot leg on an amputee. The results were striking as he could walk 25% faster and used 30-40% less energy. Soon Dr. Goldfrab from Vanderbilt University will be ready to develop commercial onto the market field (“Powered”). These robotic legs

Figure 2.6

old one and bioprinting a new one that will adapt to the body. Butcher, from Cornell University states, “3-D bioprinting makes it possible to design biological tissues from scratch that contain many of the natural geometry, stiffness, and biological cues that are needed for full function.” (Crawford).In the future we will need advanced machinery and processes to either produce tissue parts or make mass producing machinery and parts to print these complex systems. Figure 2.7

At the present time biomedical research is being done all over the world. Chinese researchers and American Institutes, are

can only walk up stairs but they are working on improving this technology to have more complex movements like playing sports. The nerve system working with robotic leg instead of a separate entity of the body. Recently testing is being done in tissue engineering, the use of 3d printing and what is called “bioprinting.” Bioprinting is basically a printer but instead of printing ink it prints out layers of cells and produces 3d organs, tissues, and many more possibilities. For example, if you lose a bladder, they can grow a new one by taking the cells from the 39

Figure 2.8

looking into nanorobotic technology and how it can provide a better and healthier lifestyle for humans. The researchers from Columbia University say that nanorobots will be able to deliver the drugs needed to the specified cells. An advantage of using nanobots is that they have a measure of intelligence unlike pills and medicine. A lot of funding is going into this new wave of internal medicine. Instead of using conventional drugs and pills, we are replacing them with nano technology. The technology is already being delivered to rabbits and mice (Butterman). It’s only a

Figure 2.9

Percentage Increase from 2010-2020

At least 9,700 jobs will be created in 10 years

Figure 2.10

62%

32% 14%

16%

36%

22%

All Mathematics Computer Systems Medical Occupations Systems Software Scientists Analysts Developers

Biomedical Engineers

until we see this being mass produced and

an integrated, full lifecycle masterplanning

available in the market.

approach that begins with plant and process

Manufacturers are turning to research and

design and continues right through to

development to see where they can reduce

building and landscape architecture. It must

costs, identify development opportunities,

also take full account of local infrastructure

and increase us of more sustainable

such as transport links and IT networks as

technology. Many manufacturers are

well as the availability of a skilled workforce

outsourcing jobs to other countries because

and complimentary expertise. Only then can

it costs less and it’s easier to produce

these R&D companies hope to create the

the products(Kemp). “In previous years

type of sustainable, ergonomic environments

the main emphasis in R&D facility design

that will continue to attract and retain the top

was on operational safety which meant

level expertise necessary to compete in the

greater reliance on containment, higher

marketplace” (Kemp).

specifications, higher extract rates and

The field of biomedical

more sophisticated controls. In the current

engineering is anticipated

environment, these traditional capacity

to grow more than 62% from

and operational specifications are being

2010 to 2020. (“Biomedical”).

challenged and transformed as these new

It is one of the fastest growing occupations

smaller, more specialist operations need

right now and will create more than 9,700

to be leaner and more flexible, have inter-

jobs over a 10 year period. In the future,

disciplinary capability and be able to offer

there will be more need demand for their

their clients the fastest and most cost-

skills and services. Biomedical engineers

efficient time to market”, says Jordaan.

work with multiple people ranging from

Jordaan also states, “Sustainability means

scientists and researchers to manufacturers.

creating flexible, adaptable environments that

From their title, they not only work and repair

can and will support a wide range of R&D

medical equipment but they also do research

functions long into the future. This requires

and development to advance the medical 42

world. The combination of repair and R&D in this position, will create and attract a larger range of professionals to come into the healthcare field and medical science. Biomedical engineers work in a diverse work environments, including hospitals, laboratories, offices, and manufacturing settings. They also tend to work with patients and teams of other professionals to improve the processes of service and delivery. There is a lot of back and forth from testing the device at the hospital with patients and back to the manufacturer to engage in refining the design. Their work schedules are not normal and may have to work supplementary hours if needed. This thesis intends to explore ways in which architecture can play a role in bringing these diverse work environments together.

Figure 2.11

Figure Figure 5.1 4.1 Figure 3.1

003: Case Studies

3.1 Biomanufacturing Research Insitute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) 3.2 Health Sciences Education Building 3.3 Google Headquarters 3.4 Metalsa Center for Manufacturing Innovation

BIOMANUFACTURING RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE (BRITE) The Freelon Group Architects Location: Durham, North Carolina Type: Research facility Scale: 59,900 sqf Year: 2008 Figure 3.2

Overall:

simulate the work environment of the

and laboratories for the people in the

the building consist of a brick skin to blend

This building consists of classrooms undergraduate and graduate level programs in Durham. Their area of study is process development, quality control and quality assurance. It is to prepare the young minds of today so they can be more familiar in the biotechnological field when they get out of school. They are focusing on the preparing students in the field of manufacturing or biotechnology related companies. In the students final year they explore and 47

biomanufacturing industry. The west side of in with the surrounding building. The pattern on the skin suggest the unfolding of a DNA strand. They used it to mimic DNA and the bio-manufacturing teachings. The function of the building serves as an architectural basis for expression. The concept plan of the building is organized into three main parts the laboratory spaces, support spaces, and offices. Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Program:

building is planned out is also very simple

and offices. The program looks at different

the building you have labs and the other you

The program of this building includes labs learning environments and how to organize them based on the different years of learning, spaces include: -Process development -Quality control -Quality assurance -Specific space needs to be driven by flexibility for the future-teaching -Establishing an image for an industry based

and easy to understand. One of the side of have professors officiates. In the middle of these two you have a hallway that combines the two and makes a connection between the two. It helps the students become more closer to the biomedical engineering field because they are working and seeing their

of biomedical. The labs in this building

groups. You have the young minds of students collaborating and working with the experienced professors. The way the

and wants. It also must be rigid enough for employees to accomplish goals that they need to get done. 21,000 SF of classroom space and 31,000 SF of lab space.

practice.

What makes this building successful is between different research and age

this thesis should be easy adaptable for any kind of research that may occur for future needs

them more into the field of study and real life The spaces in this building are really

the idea of encouraging social interaction

spaces may need to be changed based on the new technology coming out. So the spaces in

professor daily. With this they are preparing

program

Conclusion/Discovery:

Figure 3.5

important because to understand because use modular equipment which can usually be used for upgrades in the future. That is important because the biomedical field is such a growing at a rapid rate and technology is always changes that the

Figure 3.6

HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION BUILDING CO Architects

Location: Phoenix, Arizona Type: Biomedical Research Facility Scale: 268,000 SF Year: 2012

Overall:

This building is for the University of Arizona and their goal was to combine the dispensaries from health and science research into one building. It also is an opportunity to establish educational and research space. They did this buy making certain social spaces within the program. The exterior of the building tells a story of the environment found in Arizona. They use a cooper cladding system of a serious of folds to replicate the idea of the Arizona mountains and canyons. It also creates green spaces to connect the historic and future buildings of the site. Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Program:

Offices, lecture halls, learning studios, classrooms, student and faculty services, clinical skills suite, simulation suite, gross anatomy facilities, class laboratories, learning resource center, cafeteria, study rooms, meeting rooms

Conclusion/Discovery:

should carry over into thesis

it proposes new ideas of

of what the biomedical field

This building works because working collaboratively within the health and science field. With the introduction of the public and social spaces it

Sustainability:

helps teachers and students

effects of the sun. Uses

and trade ideas in working

The form minimizes the materials that are found around Arizona. There are sun shading devices on the south and east-west facades. The courtyard between buildings helps with ventilation and sunlight into the spaces. PTFE roof. LEED Silver.

interact more with each other towards a new future. As Chair Rick Myer for Arizona Board of Regents states, “This building is a defining example of cooperation, collaboration and integration for education, healthcare and research and development.” These words

and make the architecture needs. This thesis wants to address something similar which is combining the works of doctors and engineers to work collaboratively and come up with new innovative ideas for the biomedical field and how to manufacture the

Figure 3.9

building is elegantly done with it adapting to

new ideas. It can serve the research of

its exterior surrounding elements. With the

biomedical manufacturing openly instead of

integration of two interdisciplinary it causes

behind closed top secret doors.

new programs and a new culture within the

Also the building itself makes a “healthy”

building. The research and development

environment with sustainability and the way

biomedical for manufacturing wants to

people work since it is a health and science

explore this idea of crossing different fields

building. So they are promoting the idea of a

of study and coming together to form

healthy and sustainable future.

technology. It is interesting to see how different programs need different needs but yet they can come together in different social spaces and talk about similar research. The design of the

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

GOOGLE HEADQUARTERS

Clive Wilkinson Architects

Location: Sillicon Valley, CA Type: Office Scale: 180,000 SF Year: 2005

Overall:

Google offices are looked at today as one Figure 3.12

of the most exciting environments to work at. Instead of your average type of office it has more of a university environment feeling. The concept of Google offices is the idea of education in the workplace. Taking the idea of a fun educational environment and inserting it into a workplace. They do this in many ways starting off with a â&#x20AC;&#x153;main streetâ&#x20AC;? that allows collaboration and integration within the office. It serves as a community like atmosphere with the also having workplaces branching off of that. They looked at different connectivity of the Google campus from outdoor activities and indoor ones and how they can be approached to create a unique environment experience.

Figure 3.13

During Clive Wilkinson case studies they

Figure 3.14

looked at how software engineers work. They found out that they tend to work best in groups. There are still sections in the office where you can have your basic self containment atmosphere but the main idea is working together. Hot and cold diagrams were produced suggest levels of activity from public to more private rooms. The result of the building was having a network of neighborhoods that connect along its main street path. 56

Program:

Offices, cafeteria, conference rooms, coffee shop, open meeting place, library, recreational

Sustainability:

They turned to William McDonough and cradle to cradle products. Recycled materials were reused again as elements in different parts of the building.

Conclusion/Discovery:

What makes this project successful is that it has a feeling about it that makes people want to go there and work. A software engineer doesn’t sound that exciting but everybody sees Google’s offices and all of a sudden they want to work there. The environment is so different then working in your average cubical like offices. The main street in the building stands out as the key component in this design as it helps improve communication and collaboration within the office. It also serves as a meeting space for the office as it’s a spine for the whole building. The middle of the building is more public but as you move toward the outside it gets more private and workstations are inserted What it is also interesting about this project is that the architect looked at how software engineers worked and found out they worked. He didn’t just give them normal offices but he gave them a place where you wanted to go and work. This is an important study to see how biomedical engineers work and how they can work with manufacturers

Figure 3.16

What needs to happen with this thesis is not just creating the normal R&D building but create a new outlook on it with the introduction of old fashion manufacturing and bringing them up to date. Just like what Clive Wilkinson did with Google offices the same needs to be done with manufacturing with a biomedical engineering R&D facility. This will help guide the process into more of the 21st century. The program is an important piece in this type of building and also the thesis. Not only do you need spaces for testing new technologies but also collaboration zones for people to either get away or to work together.

to create more connection. Figure 3.15

METALSA CENTER FOR MANUFACTURING INNOVATION Brooks + Scarpa Architects

Location: Monterrey, Mexico Type: Industrial Scale: 55,000 sqf Year: 2012

Overall:

The way they approached this new building

and of the surrounding mountains geometry.

typology was to preserve the industrial

The skin of the building is made of etched

facility and program but still providing an

perforated metal that lets a certain amount

environmental model for the users. Unlike

of light in and also keeps privacy of looking

old manufacturing buildings which shelter

into the building. The upper stories of the

themselves this building tends to open up and

building are dedicated to office space while

seem more inviting. This building researches

looking down on the warehouse floor. Since

and development new ways of manufacturing

this facility is right down the street from own of

car chassis. They also focus on cutting-

their manufacturing plants the their innovation

edge technology and materials. The design

at R&D can easy be transformed over for

of the building is a saw toothed roof concept

actual use.

that involves the old look of manufacturing

Figure 3.17

Program:

Cafe, conference, laboratory, warehouse, office, client meeting area, audio/visual, and viewing area 1st phase: 15,000 sq ft divided into 5,500 sq ft of office space and 11,000 sq ft in research and warehouse lab space 2nd phase: 5,500 sq ft of office and 34,000 sq ft of research and warehouse lab space Sustainability: Another investigation they wanted to learn and do was about sustainability and how that can be implemented into the overall design. The south facing roof slopes have photovoltaics. Parts of the landscape have bioswales which help reduce the amount of storm-water by collecting it. The large perforated skin works as a shade screening device to help protect the interior from overheating. Also the composed of sustainable materials and radiant slabs to help with heating and cooling. Designed for LEED Platinum.

Conclusion/Discovery:

Even though this building does not focus on biomedical engineering it is important to note that they focus on the improving the manufacturing process of chassis. 61

In this case study they wanted to make a

closed and dark. This is a new chapter in

solution of making industrial buildings a

American industry and we should pay close

more exciting place to visit and work. They

attention to what other companies are doing

accomplished this by making the building

around the world and how new technology

feel more open and by letting light into the

can formed.

building in exciting ways. This is important Figure 3.18

They do this by making an R&D building the focus on the development of it. Since the program includes the manufacturing process it is imperative to look at the spatial relationships of the program and where

to take in consideration for this thesis because of what itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s designing for and for whom. A building like this can greatly influence the design by becoming more open and light feeling as opposed to old ways of looking manufacturing which were

certain elements can be found next to each other. For the program they divided building into two volumes, one being a warehouse and the other being labs/ offices application. The warehouse portion of the building is used for developing and testing different prototype of automotive chassis. It is also interesting that they put the offices right next to warehouse because they can physically look down on the advancement of technology being tested. One downfall of this could be the possibility load machinery right next to where people are trying to work.

Figure 3.19

Figure 4.1

004: Site Anaylsis

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Radius 4.3 Demographics 4.4 Cultural Context 4.5 Land Usage 4.6 Site 4.7 Site Section 4.8 Paths 4.9 Climate 4.10 Interpretation of Site 4.11 Philadelphia 2035 4.12 University City Science Center

Philadephia, Pennsylvania

Introduction 4.1 Philadelphia is home to more than 1,526,006 people and is bounded by the Delaware and Schuylkill River. It is five hours within the 25% of the United States. This is critical to establish new and exciting business opportunities. It has the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and many

Population

1,547,607 people in 2012 increase of 11.4% between 2000 to 2010

Climate

207 sunny days per year

Fortune 500 companies. As you can see in the picture to the right, Philadelphia is in a 250 miles radius of major northeastern

It can become the forefront of the new factory typologies that will be found in the future. If we situate the biomedical engineering research and development for manufacturing in Philadelphia it will cause a branching effect that can occur all over the state to multiple cities. Philadelphia is a major city in Pennsylvania and will drive greater influence across the whole state and eventually America as it can branch out from the R&D biomedical building.

cities. Because of Philadelphiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s location it is also near major Biomedical Engineering

Land

135 sqaure miles 61 metro parks

Schools in America like John Hopkins, Pittsburgh. This is a great opportunity for

Education

90 colleges and universities

28,800 last 12 months

Figure 4.2

growth in education and health services during Nov. 2012 to Nov 2013

a class A office than other major cities including: Boston, Washington, DC, and New York City. It is not only an ideal location for people to expand the application of biomedical engineering, but also explore ways to improving the manufacturing world.

New York Pittsburgh

Indianapolis

Louisville

and find their way through the field quicker

It is actually 2.5 times cheaper to have

jobs created in the

Cleveland

young professionals to get out into the world and make more of an impact on both

Boston

Detroit

Boston University, and University of

biomedical engineering and manufacturing.

Business

250 miles

Philadelphia Baltimore Washington, D.C.

Richmond

Figure 4.3

Regional Context

#1 John Hopkins University

#5 Massachusetts Insitute of Technology #6 University of Pennsylvania #12 Boston University

#16 University of Pittsburgh #20 Columbia University #20 Cornell University

1. United States

2. Pennsylvania

The major transportation taken in

it is connected to the metropolitan center.

the metropolitan area is the Southeastern

The Schuylkill River is the only thing that

Pennsylvania Transportation Authority

separates these two districts. The two

(SEPTA) and Amtrak. Both serve to

districts have seen job grow in the last

residents and workers to get them around

decade as it has created over 12,000

town. SEPTA includes a wide variety of

jobs in that time. University City is a

transportation options including: trolley, bus

major institutional and residential hub for

and light rail.

Philadelphia.

As you can see from the image

below, University City district is separated from the Center City but at the same time

2. Philadephia County

4. University City District

5. Site

Figure 4.4

University City includes opportunity of

nationally.

employment and engagement of major

local institutions. Located 2.5 miles away

are very connected to serving students and

from the Center City of Philadelphia. With

residents. As it grows outward it hopes to

the close proximity of commerce it is easy

continue these goals.

to network in the city and internationally.

It is also a major residential hub for the

includes a diverse range from traditional to

Center City and University City. University

contemporary buildings and finding a mix to

City accounts for 20% of the 335,000 jobs

blend the two.

The neighborhoods in this location

The architecture in University City

in the Metropolitan Center. The University of Pennsylvania is one of the top schools for biomedical engineering and ranks 6th 67

Figure 4.5

Philadelphia (Center City) University District 68

0.25 Mile 0.5 Mile

Circa Center

1 Mile

1.5 Miles

City Center Philadelphia

CHOP

ill Ri ve

Radius 4.2 The picture to

the right is a diagram showing the site in

relation to the city center of Philadelphia. The site itself is about 2 miles away from the city center. It also has a direct connection to the city by being on the same street. 69

Figure Figure 4.3 4.6

Transportation Other

Walk Population Trends by Race

22%

Changing Age Profile

56,455

Bike

42,673

25,493

29,272

29.1% 25.9%

9,390 3,096 1,419

1980

Black

26.1%

27.8%

25.0%

20.2%

White

2000

Asian

Figure 4.7

2010

Latino

Age 0-19

Age 20-34

Age 35-54

22.9% 22.9%

Age 55+

2006 2011

Job Growth

jobs types in this area as they account

University of Pennsylvania

for 77% of the workers. Most of the jobs

Penn Medicine

are in Penn Medicine, the University of

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

neighborhood in the world of business and education. The population of University City as of the 2010 census, is 48,589 and growing. The dominant residents in this area are 2034 years old. The demographics in this area contain mostly college students or recently graduated ones. A little over half of the population has a bachelor’s or advanced degree. It is home to three universities including the University of Pennsylvania, Drexel University and the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. This area is ethnically and economically diverse. Most people in this district use alternative and cleaner transportation besides the automobile. Only 35% of the districts uses an automobile while 34% use public transit, 22% walk, 5% 71

are coming to the universities to advance in the medical field. University City is a affordable place to live because of its quick location to the city. People tend to work in the city and live in University City because of the neighborhood feeling. More than 61,396 employees travel to University to work everyday.

9,600

2,800

Drexel University 2,300

Veteran’s Administration Medical Center

mainly because of the local universities. Each year new buildings and more students

13,600

4,200

Philadelphia. It has seen a job growth

University City is a thriving and up coming

16,500

U.S. Internal Revenue Service

increase of 18.5% since 2002 to 2010

bike, and 4% other.

Public Transit

Education and health are the most popular

Pennsylvania, and Children’s Hospital of

Figure 4.8

Demographics 4.3

34%

Figure 4.9

2,949 1990

Automobile

35%

500

University of the Sciences

Figure 4.10

54%

University City City of Philadelphia

35%

31% 22%

34%

32%

25%

% of population Poverty with 4 years or rate more of college

Figure 4.11

48%

% of household Homeownership that do not own rate a vehicle

1/4 mile

1/2 mile

Street grid

Walkability and Medical Buildings

Medical Buildings

Districts

Drexel University University of Pennsylvania

Public space

Parking

Green Spaces Figure 4.12

Green space

Transit

Urban fabric

Trolley line

Metro stops

Bicycle lanes

Figure 4.13

Drexel University

University of Pennsylvania

Site

Figure 4.14

Cultural Context 4.4 University of Pennsylvania Full-time enrollment: 21,329 Core revenues: $ 3,529,357,000 Full-time staff: 14,633 R&D expenditures in 2010: $836,322,000

Drexel University Full-time enrollment: 31,174 Core revenues: $ 1,063,924,000 Full-time staff: 5,786 R&D expenditures in 2010: $118,349,000

18% 6% 5% 12% 10%

45%

Figure 4.16

Housing

Religious

Land Usage 4.5

The

Restaurant/Bar

illustration above is a breakdown of the land usage

Abandon University High School

by buildings that are owned by the University of

Commercial

found around the site. The site is encompassed

University of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania, housing, and commercial.

Medical Pennsylvania Medical Center

Figure 4.15

Figure 4.17

Site

Filbert St Market St

National Board of Medical Examiners

A. 38th Steet Section

Ludlow St

Chestnut S t Sansom S t

Site 4.6siminct emperum volore et mo Parcel Area: Location: 2.7 Acres (116,105.2 Sq Feet) Longitude: -75.19 (444’ x 269’) Latitude: 39.95

37th St

38th St

39th St

Figure 4.18

Medical Arts Building

Site

B. Market Steet Section Figure 4.19

Street Section 4.7siminct

Intersection: Market St. and 38th St.

Market St

38th St

Figure 4.20

4 3 2

Path 1 4.8

55’

120’

0.5 miles away 2 min- Car 3 min- Trolly 3 min- Bicycle 10 min- Walk

’

15’

Figure 4.21

Restaurant/ Bar and Commercial Figure 4.22

40’

Medical Arts Building

Philadelphia Episcopal Church National Board of Medical Examiners

3 2 1

Path 2 0.7 miles away 3 min- Car 4 min- Trolly 5 min- Bicycle 15 min- Walk

1 ’

70 200’

40’

65’ 30’

Figure 4.23

National Board of Medical Examiners Figure 4.24

University City Townhouse

Medical Arts Building

Penn Center For Primary Care

Temperature

9am

3pm

Wind Rose

Design Strategies

Winter

Dec Jan Feb

Spring

March April May

Summer

June July Aug

Fall

Sept Oct Nov Figure 4.25

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Climate 4.9

The chart above

is showing multiple things in this region including the temperature range, shade and shadow through different parts of the year, and also different design 89

strategies for these seasons.

12pm Summer

Winter

9am pm

Figure 4.26

Figure 4.27

Interpretation of Site 4.10 This model was an attempt to try and understand the site better. It is looking at different

Connecting green spaces

possible connections that could be found in

Connecting street level

and the site.

Connection of students and professionals Break in the site Possible Entrances Possible views

City Center has seen growth over 12,000 jobs in the last decade. It is projected that it will create more than 20,000 jobs in the next couple decades. To accommodate this change they have set up 4 locations Figure 4.28

to develop more. The issues they hope to address is the advancement of learning at local universities. They hope to do this by building more square footage of medical and education buildings. Other major issues

Philadelphia 2035 4.11 The 2035 vision includes 18 districts in Philadelphia to redevelop cities land use, planning, and focus areas. It is helping bring Philadelphia

include the advancement of student and resident relationships. The neighborhoods in the district hold a very strong historic feeling with the housing type and hope to carry that on for many more years.

Figure 4.30

Above is a plan and the location

that Philadelphia 2035 vision hopes to improve. Buildings being effected would be the townhouses on the right and the school closing in the top right. It is important to

into the 21st century by making new

note that they are extending the idea of the

opportunities and growth but still keeping the

street front and urban fabric deeper into the

traditional developments. It is connecting the

neighborhood.

region and world for resources and future

generations. These goals for the 18 districts

University Townhouses, which is to the

must be accomplished by 2035 and change

left of my site, and putting in a mixed use

the face of Philadelphia. For the University

building. The building would include more

City District it is to establish a stronger

density to the area and would also include a

metropolitan center with Philadelphia.

hotel, permanent residences, and shopping/

University City is under going a urban

eating.

development process to greater change and improve the West side of Philadelphia. The 93

Figure 4.31

The plan shows getting rid of the

Figure 4.29

in the area and works close by with the

an interest in pursuing LEED certified. The

major colleges. The major contributors

latest building consists of the largest green

to this success is due to University of

roof in Philadelphia. Since other research

Pennsylvania, Drexel University, Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

and development centers are close by it

Hospital of Philadelphia and many more.

is a great location for more collaboration

With this major development it has created

between different fields.

stronger communities along with connecting with international companies. It has 350 graduate companies and makes a $9 billion annual economic impact. Recently the newer buildings in the Science Center have taken

Figure 4.32

University City Science Center 4.12Philadelphia is home to varies major medical and scientific research buildings that can be found throughout the city. The most significant ones are found at the University City Science Center, which is a private and non profit based organization that has been around since 1963. Most of the research buildings occur 95

on Market Street, which is a long strip of road that enters the city center from University City. It is the largest and first urban research park in the United States. As of right now it includes 15 buildings over 17 acres and keeps on developing new building projects. The Science Center buildings take up an area around 2,000,000 square feet. The research park consists of different technology spaces including laboratories and offices. Right now it has created more than 15,000 jobs

Figure 4.33

Figure 5.15.1 Figure

005: Programming

5.1 Introduction 5.2 User Personas 5.3 Proposed Square Footage 5.4 Program Breakdown 5.5 Program Matrix 5.6 Conceptual Landscape 5.7 LEED Potential 5.8 Program Bubble 5.9 Program Experience 5.10 Labs 5.11 Interaction Areas 5.12 Goals

Introduction 5.1 This chapter will examine a closer look into

were studied throughly to help ensure the

the uses and program of the building. It

experience was appropriate for this type of

will also approach the program in more

environment. Lastly, it will show the goals

detail as it is broken down into a further

that were focused while designing this

understanding of it. Using diagrams like

facility and how they were implemented into

program matrices and bubble diagrams

the design.

show the different adjacencies happening in these different spaces. It will also take a glimpse at the different program experiences happening in the program. For example, looking at doctor and student relationships and how they can cross paths during spaces to interact throughout the day. After that approach was taken, the thesis took a more in-depth look into a collaborative environment to engage in a array of experiences. The labs and lab support are Figure 5.2

the major spaces in this type of facility. They 100

User Personas 5.2

1. Frank

starts off his day by doing multiple things including checking emails, voice mails, and writing out a â&#x20AC;&#x153;to doâ&#x20AC;? list for the day. After that he teaches a class in the safety of handling biomedical equipment. During the afternoon hours he looks at any problems being had in the medical equipment in the building or in the manufacturing centers. 2. Elizabeth and Stacey are biomedical engineers who travel back and forth from the labs to the offices during the day. They help design manufacturing pieces that can be put into the production line.

1. Figure 5.3

3. Frank spends most of his time in the lab support rooms 3d bioprinting organs. During the morning hours he attends meetings about safety in the labs. After lunch he takes a classes on handling and fabricating nanobots with other local college students. 4. Susan tests out different 3d printed prosthetic limbs. She is one of the designers that helps configures different pieces and parts that go into the prosthetics. In the late afternoon she takes calls from the clients and manufacturers to find out if anything is wrong with the manufacturing process. During the night time hours she gives lectures on blood borne pathogens.

101

102

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A research institute is reminiscent of a living organism with active and passive elements.â&#x20AC;? -Hardo Bruan

Figure 5.4

Program Breakdown 5.4

66,000 (60%) Usable program Research Offices (10.5%) Lab Support (5%) Labs (24%) Research (14%) Core (10%) Nanofab (7%)

Quantity:

Size:

30 11 20 12 8 1

6,930 sq ft 3,300 sq ft 15,840 sq ft 9,240 sq ft 6,660 sq ft 4,620 sq ft Total: 30,690 sq ft

Administration Lounge (0.5%) Conference Room (0.5%)

1 1

330 sq ft 330 sq ft Total: 660 sq ft

3,300 sq ft Total: 3,300 sq ft

Education Classrooms (5%) Entrance/Lobby Lecture Hall (6%) Cafe (1%) Client Meet (0.5%)

1 1 1

44,000 (40%) Services Mechanical (14%) Walls (9%) Restrooms (1%) 2 Janitors Closet (0.5%) 1 Circulation and interactive space (13%) Storage (2%)

3,960 sq ft 660 sq ft 330 sq ft Total: 4,950 sq ft

6,160 sq ft 3,960 sq ft 440 sq ft 220 sq ft 5,720 sq ft 880 sq ft Total: 17,380 sq ft Gross Area: 110,000 sq ft Net Area: 66,000 sq ft

Proposed Square Footages 5.3

105

Client meeting area -Private -Friendly -Business -Schedule Lounge -Relax -Eat Conference room -Collaboration -Multi media Laboratory Support -Not as flexible -Equipment stays Lecture Hall -Large attendance -Lectures -Learning Laboratories -Complex -Flexible -Shared spaces -Wet and dry labs -Testing facility -Public and private laboratories (teaching and research laboratories -Modular design -High amount of technical services -Different room dimensions, and ventilation, different heights

Offices -Simple/generic -Computer, desk -Bussiness Service Area -Mechanical, electrical -Heavy machinery and wiring Cafe -Talk with clients -Engage with public -People relaxing and eating -Reading -Events -Internet Classrooms -learning facility -Desks -Professor and students -Education Restrooms -Public convenience -Toilet Nanofab -No light -Machinery -Clean room -Display technology -Healthy air Storage -Equipment -Experiments

106

Primary

Cafe Restrooms Lecture Hall Lounge Classrooms Client meeting area Conference room Offices Labs Labs supports Nanfab Storage Service Area Private

shows multiple things containing program

Offices Labs Labs supports Nanofab

Daylighting Ventilation

Secondary Cafe Lecture Hall Lounge Classrooms Client meeting area Conference room

Tertiary

layer onto the diagram to see what spaces

Secondary: Includes things like information, communication, and social interaction areas. Client meeting area, Conference room, cafe, lounge, classrooms, lecture hall.

Restrooms

Storage Service Area

adjacencies, daylighting, and ventilation. It was important to bring an environmental

Classrooms Lecture Hall

No direct connection

Lounge

Semi direct connection

Figure 5.6

Storage Service Area

Program Matrix 5.5 The program matrix above

Primary: major hubs of the project includes major theoretical and experimental research. Offices, Labs, Lab Support and warehouse

Direct connection

Restrooms

Figure 5.5

Offices Labs Labs supports Nanofab

Client meeting area Conference room Cafe

Client meeting area Conference room Cafe Offices Labs Labs supports Nanofab Restrooms Lounge Storage Service Area Classrooms Lecture Hall

Public

Tertiary: Includes things like storage and other small amenities. Restrooms, storage, service areas.

would benefit the most from them. 107

108

LEED Program Offices

Lab Support

Public

Conceptual Landscape 5.6 The illustration below are conceptual words trying to define the

Nanofab

Energy

Water

Labs

Shared Spaces

Private

landscape and where the program would be situated on the site. The words also help characterize the spaces and what would

Lecture Hall

be happening in them. The colors relate back to the program

Classrooms

diagram breakdown 5.4 distinguishing the different spaces.

Cafe Client meeting Conf. room

Lounge

Service Area Restroom Storage

Indoor air Quality

Figure 5.8

Events Engage w Lectures ith public

Privateusiness Learning Relaxing Co Desks Multi mlleadbiaoration No lig Ventilation Me Compuchteanical Cleanht Flex r Sim ible ple Equipme Service nt stays Modular Complex

109

Figure 5.7

Leed Potential 5.7

The diagram above is showing a combination

of things including the breakdown of spaces, public and private, and also LEED. When thinking about a research and development building you want to be as energy efficient as possible to accommodate the energy it is outputting. So the diagram shows where LEED can be most utilized in these different spaces using, water, energy, and indoor air quality.

110

Confrence Room

Lab Support

Nanofab

Confrence Room

Lab Support

Nanofab

Service

Offices

Lounge

Service

Labs

Offices

Classrooms

Entry

Classrooms

Client meeting Lecture hall

Entry

Client meeting Lecture hall

Parking

Cafe

Lounge

Storage

Client meeting Parking

Lecture hall

Parking

Cafe

Entry

Cafe

Lounge

The different interaction and collaboration zones are interlaced into the program with the lab, lab support, offices, classrooms spaces. The lobby and lab collaboration spaces should be treated differently.

Labs

Storage

Classrooms

Service

Labs

Storage

Classrooms

Offices

Lounge

Confrence Room

Lab Support

Nanofab

Labs

Storage

Service

Confrence Room

Lab Support

Nanofab

Client meeting

There should be some kind of connection between the labs and lobby. It should include either a viewing or something else physical.

There needs to be some sort of disconnect form the public and private. Separate entries would help delineate people from coming in contact with one another.

Cafe

Lecture hall

Parking

Interaction

Entry

Cafe

Client Meeting Area

Figure 5.9

Program Bubble 5.8 The program bubble diagram above shows different relationships of spaces and how they overall are connected

Labs

nanofab, lab support, labs and offices. The diagrams on the right are looking at spaces in between these program and what kind of connection and circulation could be made.

Entry/Lobby

Entry Cafe

Client Meeting Area

Lecture Hall

Cafe

RR Labs

Classrooms

Nanofab

Interaction Offices

Lab Support Service

Lab Support

Labs

Interaction

Storage

Offices Nanofab

Figure 5.10

Public

Private

to each other. The dashed lines are service spaces that help connect to the primary program. The core programs are the 111

112

Labs 5.10

The labs are

where research is found and development

Molecular biological laboratory

to further advanced the biomedical field. Labs are meant to be complex but flexible Prograrm

Organization

People

Experiences

at the same time because of all the heavy machinery and using it for different types of testing. There are three types of laboratories

3,300 sq ft

Doctors

Students

4,620sq ft

3,960 sq ft sq sq sq sq sq

space, support-not as flexible, and corecontains special equipment, not flexible. There is also another factor that determines

15,840 sq ft

3,300 330 660 330 330

Chemical laboratory

that can be described: research-flexabile

6,930 sq ft

ft ft ft ft ft

Clients

6,160 sq ft 440 sq ft

5,720 sq ft

Figure 5.11

Program Experiences 5.9

Professors

a laboratory whether it is wet or dry. Wet meaning using a fume hood, biosafety cabinets, water, and piped gases. Dry

Physical laboratory Figure 5.12

meaning there are use of electronics in

something goes wrong they want to be

the room including the computer or other

able to vent the room as quickly as possble

equipment they may not want to get wet.

without entring the main ventilation.

The laboratories are a â&#x20AC;&#x153;plug and playâ&#x20AC;?

Depending on the room function it may have

atmosphere and generally have shared

to be in a dark room for the machinary to

spaces and electronics that you can take

function.

anywhere in the building.

public can can engauge with it. Also as if the

The labs can be used for public

The labs should be placed so the

(teaching) or private (research) use. It

work on the inside was being put on display

requires different high amount of technical

for the public to view.

services, room dimensions, heights, and ventilation. The ventilation system has 113

to be different in these rooms because if

114

Goals 5.12 Lobby Lecture Hall Cafe Client Meeting Area Nanofab Classrooms Offices Lab Support Labs

Figure 5.13

Interaction Areas 5.11

Function 1. Maximize the relationship between the office and lab spaces for the encouraging of collaboration/interaction. 2. The building design should provoke a model of division, group and sector of organizations. 3. Help the advancement of the biomedical engineering field using the most up to date technology Form 1. Enable of friendly look while still looking professional 2. Should fit in and respect the context of the nearby buildings 3. Show current and future technology and construction techniques Organizational Goals 1. Human connection to the public outside 2. Flexible concept plan to show the open research environment Facility 1. Design so it is staff and client 2. Design to maximize energy efficiency so that the building and labs can be sustainable 3. Serve not just a research and development building but also a public learning of the future of medicine

The diagram above is an abstract interpretation of the program. The pictures indicate what is happening in the spaces and the dashed boxes represent the void spaces or interaction areas between the program.

115

116

Figure 6.1

006: Concept Development

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Concept 6.3 Bubble Diagrams and Sketches 6.4 Programming on the Site 6.5 Splitting up the Site 6.6 Regulating Lines 6.7 3d Space Model 6.8 Space Planning Model

Introduction 6.1 This chapter will show early thoughts of

to understand the technoics of the structure

concept and early development of building

and spaces driven. The building form was

ideas. It will start by showing concept

developed using different regulating lines

development and the use of drawing

found converging on the site and creating

diagrams on the site to figure out the

diverse relationships to climate and human

ideal program fit. These sketches will help

factors. They will also serve as a tool to

indicate how early spaces were thought

discover new things found on the site in a

about using human and climate issues. As

three dimensional way. The last model will

we move closer into programming we will

look solely at how the labs, lab support,

see a further advancement of looking at it

offices, and classrooms are connected and

three dimensionally on the site. It will look at

where opportunities were made.

the major and minor spaces that are related to each other and how smaller spaces can support the larger ones. It will discuss the basic issues of the site and how it was broken down into a more manageable site to work with. Finally it will look at multiple study models 119

Figure 5.2

120

Left 01_Drawing of concept Right 02_Model of Concept

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.3

Concept 6.2 There are multiple “layers” in both the biomedical engineering and architecture field. Biomedical engineering consists of multiple parts that help pieces come alive and work together. Architecture on the other hand has multiple examples of “layering” on how multiple layers can create one object. Another example would be manufacturing prosthetics for arms or legs. These objects 121

These objects have multiple features and include different bits and pieces that fit together and in the end become something as one. The drawings and models above show us how this “layering” technique was visualized. First it was drawn out and then 3d model

One object has multiple layers and serves many functions. Much like a prosthetic

limb it is suppose to suppose to function not movement but other multiple other things.

to better visualize what was happening. It works as a whole but each piece is needed to create and function the piece as a unit. 122

Left Seires of sketches of program on the site

Figure 6.5

Bubble Diagrams and Sketches 6.3This is a series of sketches thinking about the different spaces needed for the building and how they are situated on the site. Thinking about the relationship of program to site and site to the program. Also looking at different features and details of the building that it might be employed. 123

124

This picture illustrates the use of regulating lines to create possible views looking in or outside the building. It also provided possible connections in and around the site.

Left_3D Programming on Site Right_Series of Sketches and Views

Figure 6.6

Programming on the site 6.4 In this part of the process the project was looking at putting the program on the site using three-dimensional spaces. By looking at the main spaces that included, labs, labs support, offices, classrooms, and nanofab, it helped determine where the spaces could go and what adjacencies were found. Through this process it was also looking at the nearby context of the surrounding buildings and climatic issues. Looking at and trying these three different schemes helped determine what worked best on the site and where possible spaces could crossover into one another. 125

Figure 6.7

126

Splitting up the Site 6.5 The diagrams below show how the site was split up into three parts based on two different axises coming from the north (Penn Medicine) and the south. With these axises the site was broken down into these three parts, the infill/parking area, green-space or courtyard, and the actual building site. The green-space would help draw attention to Penn Medicine and relate it to the biomedical research and development building. At the same time it would help bring doctors and engineerings closer together. The building on the site will take advantage of minimizing the footprint and build up stories instead of building outward. The diagrams show the direct green connection to Penn Medicine in section.

Building Site

Infill/ Parking

Proposed Figure 6.9

Penn Medicine Site Figure 6.10

Existing

Figure 6.8

127

Proposed

128

to ection n n o C

e edicin M n Pen

n Co

t tion

el rex

ity

rs ive

Regulating lines 6.6 With the use of regulating lines tio

it helped shape parts of the building like

ive

rsi

the exterior and interior program. Part of

the regulating lines draw attention to Penn

lva

Medicine, which is right across the street.

nia

While other lines come from other buildings including University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University to draw students in to become more collaborative in the field of

Figure 6.11

129

biomedical engineering. 130

Engineering and manufacturing will help us make progress towards a more technological and competitive sustainable future. Figure 6.12

Initial Concept Model

Tectonic and Space Models

Lighting and Space Models

3D Space Models 6.7 The models on this page were meant to explore the tectonic relationships of the different spaces. Not only does it look at tectonic and spaces but also looks at climatic issues and circulation cores that could be possible. It also looked at different lighting issues on each side of the building. The highlighted models were chosen to move forward and take from each model.

Figure 6.13

133

134

Figure 6.14

Figure 6.15

Space Planning Model 6.8 This model

formal look appearing on the east side of the building and activating the streetscape. Then the lab supports are found somewhere

helped distinguish different things going

in between the two. The lab support or wet

on in the project at the time. It is looking

labs are mainly used for dealing with wet

at the connection to Penn Medicine and

type equipment or tests. The lab support

the program needed on the site. It shows

doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need any daylighting and therefore it

different relationships that occurred between

can be placed in the middle of the building

the three main spaces of the program which

providing a connection point between the

was labs, labs support, and offices. The

labs and offices.

labs or dry labs are found on the south and west side to capture light but also engage in the public courtyard that can be found below. The offices then were given a more 137

Figure 6.16

138

Figure 6.1 Figure 7.1

007: Schematic Design

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Optimum Orientation 7.3 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) numbers 7.4 Solar Radiation Study 7.5 Wind Study 7.6 Concept Diagram 7.7 Case Study Diagram 7.8 Site Plan 7.9 Floor Plans 7.10 Section 7.11 Sustainable Strategies 7.12 Exploded Form Use Diagram 7.13 Perspectives

Introduction 7.1 In this chapter the author will discuss the other key ideas in evolving the biomedical research and development building. It will entail a more enhanced and detailed look at energy analysis. Through the use of computer aided tools like Ecotect and Green Building Studio. This helped shape the overall building design and choose an optimum orientation for the building. Since research and development building are a much energy intensified building it

to the biomedical and architecture fields. It will look at different masses and facade studies done on the building to accomplish more of a sustainable environment. The exterior environment will not only be sustainable but all the interior one and how the two work together to accomplish goals. It will also discuss the relationship between the human factor, site factor, and climate factors of the site to further distinguish a better breakdown of the site.

was a good idea to look at how to save as much energy by employing different design strategies. This chapter will also discuss the different massing and why they were chosen based on the orientation of the site and the climate Figure 7.2

141

given. It will try and draw closer attention 142

8 Degree Rotation

Figure 7.3

Optimum Orientation 7.2

improve your building energy usage and performance. Orientation is important in a building especially in this type of program

The optimum orientation above showed

which is often over looked. The orientation

the most energy efficient way to orient the

also plays an important role in thermal

building in this type of climate. The proper

comfort and views out of the building.

way to orient the building was 8 degrees off the east west axis. The diagram also shows the underheated (winter months) and overheated (summer months) period between the times of the day. Something as simple as orientation can greatly 143

Figure 7.4

144

Base Case 115’x215’ EUI: 84 kBtu/sf/yr 110,000 sq ft

Rotated 90 EUI: 84 kBtu/sf/yr Increase surface area along east/west faces Conclusion: Cooling driven as opposed to the base case which is heating driven.

Rotated 45 EUI: 83 kBtu/sf/yr Conclusion: Lowers the EUI number by 1 and less mechanical cooling hours by 22 hours

Optimum Orientation using Ecotect (8 degree rotation) EUI: 83 kBtu/sf/yr Conclusion: Not much difference in the annual electric end use and mechanical cooling

Square EUI: 87 kBtu/sf/yr Less surface area and daylight Conclusion: Higher EUI number and lower CO2 Emissions

Bent Rectangle EUI: 90 kBtu/sf/yr Modified north and south facade Conclusion: Higher EUI value and less need of lights but more need of HVAC

Figure 7.5

Exploration of Orientation 7.3

145

146

50% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 30% glazing on the east/west facade (non-shaded) 95% glazing on north facade (non-shaded) 10% Skylights EUI: 86 kBtu/sf/yr

40% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 30% glazing on the east/west facade (non-shaded) 60% glazing on north facade with large glass opening (non-shaded) 10% Skylights 6 degree roof tilt- higher percentage of solar exposure for PV panels 63%< 67% EUI: 84 kBtu/sf/yr

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 70% glazing on north facade (shaded) EUI: 85 kBtu/sf/yr

40% glazing on the south facade (non-shaded) 50/10% glazing on the east/ west facade (shaded) 50% glazing on north facade (non-shaded) EUI: 98 kBtu/sf/yr

50% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 15/50% glazing on the east/ west facade (shaded and non-shaded) 60% glazing on north facade (non-shaded) EUI: 81 kBtu/sf/yr

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 70% glazing on north facade (shaded) EUI: 83 kBtu/sf/yr

Figure 7.6

Exploration of Orientation/ Massing/Glazing Ratio/ Shading

147

148

Optimum Orientation Long Ways

Optimum Orientation Long Ways w/ Bend

Optimum Orientation Long Ways w/ Triangle Cutouts

Composite rectangle

Composite Rectangle-North Cutout

Composite rectangle-North Cutout w/ West Side Tilt

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 70% glazing on north facade (shaded) EUI: 79 kBtu/sf/yr

40% glazing on the south facade (non-shaded) 50/10% glazing on the east/ west facade (shaded) 50% glazing on north facade (non-shaded) EUI: 80 kBtu/sf/yr

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 70% glazing on north facade (shaded) EUI: 81 kBtu/sf/yr

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 60% glazing on north facade (non-shaded) EUI: 76 kBtu/sf/yr

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 60% glazing on north facade (shaded) EUI: 74 kBtu/sf/yr

60% glazing on the south facade (shaded) 20% glazing on the east/west facade (shaded) 60% glazing on north facade (shaded) EUI: 72 kBtu/sf/yr

Figure 7.7

Exploration of Orientation/ Massing/Glazing Ratio/ Shading 149

150

In 2012 the 3d printing company made $345.5 million, by 2019 those earnings are expected to rise to $965.5. Figure 7.8

3 pm

East Facade 7.4

Improved directing light in the afternoon and also has potential for multiple views. Several east

facade studies were done to see how the sun would react on this side of the building. Through this study it occurred that it was better if the form was undulating to capture enough light but still reduce the solar radiation coming onto the building.

3 pm

Winter

2â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Overhang

The staggered helps get more light into the space during the early mornings but is the same as the base case in the afternoon.

Vertical Slanted

Directs light into the columns but are hard to gain natural light behind them.

Perforated Checkerboard

Column Slanted

Staggered

The staggered helps get more light into the space during the early mornings but is the same as the base case in the afternoon.

Undulating

Figure 7.9

11 am Base Case

Winter

Base Case

11 am

The vertical slanted walls help distribute the light better causing better light quality in the spaces.

The perforation helps to filter the light but may cause some distraction in the labs.

Vertical Slanted

Figure 7.10

South Facade Study

Through

this investigation it occurred that it worked best if the walls were slanted every floor to help keep the summer sun out but help let in the winter sun. It would also be appropriate for a light shelf to occur on the south to help diffuse as much light as possible in the labs. With the help of the light shelfs and high ceilings it can help enhance the amount light getting into the space.

153

154

Summer

3pm

Vertical Louvers

The louvers helps with control the lighting better but also comes with a lower light quality.

Perforated Metal

Helps maintain diffused light in the space and reduces solar reduction.

Staggered Fins

Base Case

Winter

Doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t improve much of the solar radiation hitting the surface.

Figure 7.11

West Facade Study The west facade must be treated differently than the other facades of the building. The reason being is that most of the labs are situated on this side of the building and should minimize solar radiation coming into the space while providing a certain amount of diffused light. The study above shows different options trying to accomplish these goals. 155

Figure 7.12

Wind Study 6.5 This study is showing the winter winds coming from the northeast direction of the site. As you can see the site is ideal for an outside courtyard as it has wind protection from the surrounding buildings. 156

Offices

Figure 7.14 Level change to denote private

Labs Figure 7.15

Courtyard

Primary Circulation Secondary Circulation

Infill and Parking

Figure 7.13

Placing the footprint on the site

Labs

West Facade Study 7.6

Salk Institute

External Courtyard

helped manipulate the form by adding and subtracting elements based on the forces surrounding the site. The first idea, was this idea of integration between humans and the biomedical engineering field. It will be only a matter of time until we accept the advanced technology in and outside our body. The integration also creates a direct connection to Penn Medicine using regulating lines. The second step was to denote a level change between the

Offices

Addition

Figure 7.16

Internal Courtyard

Integration Reacts with Penn Medicine

Labs

Humans

External Courtyard

Offices

Biomedical Engineering

public and private function of the street level. While the building itself is private,

the landscape around it still wants to engage in the public atmosphere and explore more ideas of biomedical engineering. The next step was to create an addition. This addition would become part of the building and would be where the

Case Study Diagram 7.7

Figure 7.17

The Biomedical Research and Development for Manufacturing

offices are situated. The last two steps are very similar creating a courtyard for the public to enjoy and infill buildings to make if feel like a compressed but enjoyable space. 157

158

Market S treet

Market S treet UP

Cafe

Infill Building

Lobby/ Entry

Cafe

Infill Building

Lobby/ Entry

Lecture Hall

Client Meeting

Parking

Street

Office

Men RR Women RR

Office

Nanofab

Parking

Women RR

Street

38th Street

Ludlow

Figure 7.18

Figure 7.19

Site Plan 7.8

Site Plan

159

Office

Men RR

Storage

Mechanical

Client Meeting

Office

Storage

Mechanical

38th Street

Ludlow

Nanofab

39th Str eet

Lecture Hall

160

UP UP

Open to Below Open to Below

UP UP

Open to Below

UP UP

Open to Below

Open to Below UP

UP UP

Figure 7.20 UP

Level 1 6.9 161

Nanofab Cafe Lecture Hall Client Meeting Offices Restrooms Service Storage Possible Interaction Areas

Nanofab Nanofab Cafe Cafe LectureLecture Hall Hall Client Meeting Client Meeting Offices Offices Restrooms Restrooms ServiceService StorageStorage Figure 7.21 PossiblePossible Interaction Interaction Areas Areas

Level 2

Offices Labs Lab Support Lounge Conference Room Service Storage Restrooms Possible Interaction Areas

Offices Labs Lab Support Lounge Conference Room Service Storage Restrooms Possible Interaction Areas 162

Offic Labs Lab Lou Con Serv Stor Rest Poss Inte

Open to Below Open to Below Open to Below

pen to Below

Open to Below

Roof

Open to Below Open to Below

Open to Below

Green Roof

Open to Below

Roof

Green Roof

Roof

Green Roof

Roof

Open to Below

Green Roof

Figure 7.22

Level 3 163

Offices Labs Lab Support Lounge Conference Room Service Storage Restrooms Possible Interaction Areas

Offices Labs Offices Labs Lab Support Lounge Lab Support Lounge Conference Room Service Conference Room Storage Service Storage Restrooms PossibleRestrooms Possible Interaction Areas Interaction Areas Figure 7.23

Level 4

Green Roof

Offices Classroo Lounge Service Restroom Possible Interacti

Offices Classrooms Lounge Service Restrooms Possible Interaction Areas

164

Summer

Winter

Labs Lounge Conference Room Labs

Labs

Cafe

Lab Support

Labs

Lobby

Lab Support

Lounge

Labs

Air to Air Heat Exchange

Nanofab

Solar Hydrogen Collection Fuel Cells Figure 7.24

Section 7.10

Rain Collection

The section of the building is showing sustainable

strategies that could be implemented into the design to help cut down the energy usage. Some of the labs are situated on the southern side of the building to get natural light into the space. While the nanofab space is located in the center of the building because there needs to be limited light coming into the space. 165

Offices Labs 166 Lab Support Lounge Conference Room

Axonmetric Sustainable Site 7.11 This is an axonmetric showing PV Panels

the different sustainable strategies that can be found in and around the site. Bioswales would help keep storm-water under control and provide greenery around the site. Instead of using regular pavement, previous pavement could be

Bioswale Rain Collection

inserted to further control the sitting water situation that occurs on regular pavement. Also an air to air heat exchange unit would be inserted into the project to help bring the fresh air into the spaces while getting rid of stale air at the same time.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Double Skin

Air to Air Heat Exchange

Since this is an energy intensified building it needs as much sustainable performances as possible to keep the building and energy costs down.

Pervious Pavement

Figure 7.25

167

168

Help to deflect on coming wind from the northwest

Left_Climate Breakdown

High performance envelope for sun

Right_Interior shot of internal courtyard _Interior shot of labs on west facade

Maximize glazing on the north

Figure 7.26

Exploded Form Use Diagram 7.12 The diagram above shows

Figure 7.27

a breakdown of the building to climatic needs. It explains how simple elements can make a big impact on the building. The southern facade consists of a high performance envelope to protect and enhance the suns capabilities into the space. The rectangle in the northwest corner helps keep winds under control and minimize wind forces on the structure. The final element is large glazing element for the lobby to intrude into the space to get diffused northern light. To the right are interior shots of the internal courtyard and labs. The internal courtyard is where collaboration would occur in the building creating relationships between the labs and offices. 169

Figure 7.28

170

Figure 7.29

Figure 7.30

Figure 8.1

008: Codes

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Egress System Criteria 8.3 Egress and ADA System 8.4 Life Safety 8.5 Structure System Options 8.6 Structure System 8.7 Sustainability 8.8 Daylighting 8.9 Development Sketches

Introduction 8.1 This chapter will discuss a more specific look into the building. With the use of codes and structure requirements to further the development process. It will examine different parts of the building including, life safety, structure, sustainability, and daylight. Selecting multiple options for structure systems can help establish a better understanding of what fits best with the

sustainable stratgies as possible. With the help of these stratgies it will help lower the cost and keep the energy consumption down. Daylighting is another point to address because of the different program elements in the building such as the labs and offices. In these spaces you do not want any unwanted glare or excess heat gain.

building. This type of building typology would have large spanning elements so they can have a column free work environment. It would also have a deep ceiling to floor heights to fit large pieces of mechanical and allow other specialty equipment to run through. Sine these types of buildings produce a lot of energy there is a need to use as much 177

Figure 8.2

178

Egress System Criteria 8.2 Occupancy Group:

B: Business

Maximum Travel Distance:

Unsprinklered: 200’ Sprinklered: 300’

Maximum Common Path of Egress Travel: Unsprinklered: 75’ Sprinklered:100’

Largest Room or Area That May Have Only One Means of Egress:

49 occupants

Minimum Length of Dead-End Corridor:

Unsprinklered: 20’ Sprinklered: 50’

Door Width:

Min: 32” net clear Max 48” nominal

Minimum Clear Corridor Width:

44” serving more than 49 occupants 36” serving 49 or fewer

Minimum Stair Width:

179

44” serving more than 49 occupants 36” serving 49 or fewer

Occupancy Group:

Required Provided

B B The building it approximately 90,000 square foot and consists of 4 floors. The buildings use is under laboratories, and testing and research and is labeled B for business.

Construction Type:

Type I-B Fire Resistive Non-Combustible Sprinkled: 180’ Building Stories: 12 stories 4 stories Floor Area: Unlimited Area (UA) 20,000 sq ft Unsprinkled: 75’ Building Stories: 11 stories Floor Area Unlimited Area (UA) Fire Resistance Ratings: Materials Observed Structural Frame 2 hour(s) Steel Exterior Bearing Walls 2 hour(s) Concrete Interior Bearing Walls 2 hour(s) Concrete Exterior Non-bearing Walls 0 hour(s) Concrete Interior Non-bearing Walls 0 hour(s) Gypsum Board Floor Construction 2 hour(s) Concrete Roof Construction 1 hour(s) Glass/ Concrete

Construction Type:

Type I-B Fire Resistive Non-Combustible Sprinkled: 85’ Building Stories: 6 stories 4 stories Floor Area: 337,500 sq ft 20,000 sq ft Unsprinkled: 65’ Building Stories: 5 stories Floor Area: 112,500 sq ft Fire Resistance Ratings: Materials Observed Structural Frame 1 hour(s) Steel Exterior Bearing Walls 1 hour(s) Concrete Interior Bearing Walls 1 hour(s) Concrete Exterior Non-bearing Walls 0 hour(s) Concrete Interior Non-bearing Walls 0 hour(s) Gypsum Board Floor Construction 1 hour(s) Concrete Roof Construction 1 hour(s) Glass/ Concrete

180

Existing o n Street P arking

Market S treet

Exit Discharge 1 30” Provided Exit Discharge 3 72” Provided

ADA Ramp

38th Stree t

3 Handicap Total=138 Spots

Parking Entry 60’

Ludlow S treet

Egress and ADA System 8.3 181

Figure 8.3

Exit Discharge 2 30” Provided

182

Level 1: Cafe: 640sq ft/ 15 net= 42 OL Assembly: 1295 sq ft/ 7 net= 185 OL Nanofab: 8,360 sq ft/ 50 net= 167 OL Mechanical: 1680 sq ft/ 300 gross= 5 OL Offices: 1665 sq ft/ 100 gross= 17 OL Total: 416 OL

2 UP

Level 2: Labs: 4452 sq ft/ 50 net= 89 OL Lab Support: 1348 sq ft/ 50 net= 26 OL Offices: 4554 sq ft/ 100 gross= 46 OL Total: 161 OL

Level 4: Labs: 2025 sq ft/ 50 net= 40 OL Lab Support: 568 sq ft/ 50 net= 11 OL Offices: 3962 sq ft/ 100 gross= 39 OL Classrooms: 2840 sq ft/ 20 net= 142 OL Total: 232 OL

2 6 7 8

1 UP DN

Figure 8.4

183

Labs- 50 net Classroom 20 net Parking Garage- 200 gross Assembly- Concentrated 7 net Storage and Mechanical 300 gross Business Area- 100 gross Cafe- 15 net

Level 3: Labs: 4452 sq ft/ 50 net= 89 OL Lab Support: 1348 sq ft/ 50 net= 26 OL Offices: 4554 sq ft/ 100 gross= 46 OL Total: 161 OL

5 2

Life Safety 8.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Labs Lab Support Office Conference Room Lounge Men’s Restroom Women’s Restroom Janitor’s Closet Storage Mechanical

Enclosed Fire Stair 2 Two Hour Fire Rated Walls Provided Star Width 44” 2 Areas of Refugee 30”x48”

Enclosed Fire Stair 1 Two Hour Fire Rated Walls Provided Star Width 44”

Figure 8.5

184

Possible Structural System One: Minimize the area occupied by columns or bearing walls Steel: Steel Frame Rigid Connections Sitecast Concrete: Two-Way Flat Plate

Possible Structural System Two: Avoid the need for diagonal bracing or shear walls Steel: Steel Frame- Rigid Connections Sitecast Concrete: Post-tensioned One-Way Solid Slab

Structure System Options 8.5

Option two is a combination of pipe columns and wide flanges that are spaced 30â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Option one is made up of W10x49 columns spaced at 30â&#x20AC;&#x2122; apart and consists of

apart. Instead of using open web steel, this one is using wide flanges. The slab

open web steel joists. The slab system for this option is a two way flat plate. This

for this system is a post-tensioned one-way solid slab. There are some constrains

was a possibly because of the flexibility that came with the structure.

with this structure because the columns are made out of reinforced concrete that would take up time on the job site.

Structure System one diagram

Figure 8.6

185

Structure System two diagram

Figure 8.7

186

Structure System 8.6

Option

two was chosen because it seemed to be the most flexible for this type of building. It consists of two different beam sizes to accommodate a more column free environment in the office and lab spaces.

W12 x 26 Figure 8.8

187

W24 x 248 188

Figure 8.9

Eco-atrium

Photovoltaic Panels Double Skin Facade

Green Roof

3 8 7

Section 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Labs Lab Support Lobby Classroom Hydrogen Fuel Cell Mechanical Nanofab Storage

Figure 8.10

191

2 5

Light Shelf

1 6

Previous Paver's

Sustainablity 8.7 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Air to Air Heat Exchange

Figure 8.11

192

Figure 8.12

Daylighting 8.8

Daylight studies were done on the different

facades of the building to further enhance how much light was getting into each space.

193

194

Figure 8.13

Development Sketches 8.9

This is a series of

process sketches showing the development of the building and the site. The top row shows the overall site. Next shows the east facade and lastly the west facade treatment. 195

196

Figure 9.1

009: Final Design

9.1 Site Plan 9.2 Floor Plans 9.3 Elevations 9.4 Sections 9.5 Sustainable Section 9.6 Wall Detail 9.7 Final Boards

Figure 9.2

199

200

Box EUI: 83 KBtu/sf/yr

Triangle cuts EUI: 81 KBtu/sf/yr

Composite Rectangle EUI: 76 KBtu/sf/yr

North side cut EUI: 72 KBtu/sf/yr

Figure 9.3

201

Site Plan 0’

20’

40’

100’

200’

Site Plan 9.1 Figure 9.4

202

5 2 2

9 10

Floor Plans 9.2

6 11

3 4 5 6

Figure 9.5

203

Level 1

Level 2 0

7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5

Figure 9.6

6 7 8 9 10

204

2 1 2

1 2 3 4 5

Figure 9.7

205

3 3

3 6 4 6

2 7

Level 3

Level 4

6 7 8 9

Figure 9.8

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

206

Elevations 9.3 West Elevation Figure 9.9

East Elevation Figure 9.10

207

208

North Elevation Figure 9.11

Section A Section 9.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 2 7

1 2 6 8

1 2 5

Labs Lab Support Office Lecture Hall Nanofab Storage Parking Garage Biophila “Discovery” Courtyard Knowledge Core

3 9

3 3

3 4

Section 209

Figure 9.12

210

Exit from Parking

Figure 9.13

“Knowledge Core”-Interal Courtyard

Figure 9.15

Biophila “Discovery” Courtyard

Figure 9.14

211

Labs

Figure 9.16

212

Entry into Courtyard

Figure 9.17

Research Educate Integrate Fabricate Bioprinting Performance Technology

Lobby

Figure 9.18

213

214

Figure 9.19

Sustainable Section 9.5

Air to air heat exchange

Pervious pavers

Biophila â&#x20AC;&#x153;Discoveryâ&#x20AC;? courtyard

Rainwater collection

PV electricity

Greyfield site

Green roof

Storm water reduction

Help to deflect on coming wind from the northwest

Hydrogen fuel cell

High performance envelope for sun

Maximize glazing on the north

Vertical louvers on east and west facade

Labs Figure 9.21

Clear pv panels

Adjustable glass louver

Figure 9.20 9.16

217

Double skin louver facade

Eco-atrium

218

Summer 3pm Photovoltaic panels Vertical fin

W 12 x 26 Acoustical ceiling 6” Concrete floor with WWF and steel decking HSS 10 x 0.250 column

Single lock standing seamcladding system

Winter 3pm

Brick Veneer Wall

West Wall levation WWF 8” concrete slab w/ 1” minimum cover Morning

Mid-day

Afternoon

Evening

Footer (below frostline) w/ #4 rebar

West Wall etail

Figure 9.24

Wall Detail 9.6

West Detail-Solar Incidence

Figure 9.22

Figure 9.23

219

The detail on the left consists of a double skin facade louver system that reacts to the sun movement found throughout the day. The glass on the facade is also gray tinted to reduce glare that would happen in the labs and office spaces.

220

Final Boards 9.7

North Elevation

West Elevation

Market Stre et

2 Market Stree t

38th Stree t

9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6

Cafe Lobby Lecture Hall Client Meeting Area Nanofab Office

10’

20’

80’

40’

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 1 2 6

Concept

2 2 8

1 2 5

Labs Lab Support Office Conference Room Lounge

Level 3 10’

20’

80’

40’

0’ 1 2 3 4 5

6 Men’s Restroom 7 Women’s Restroom 8 Janitor’s Closet 9 Storage 10 Mechanical

3 9

Section A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

3 4

Labs Lab Support Office Lecture Hall Nanofab Storage Parking Garage Biophila “Discovery” Courtyard Knowledge Core

There are multiple “layers” in both the biomedical engineering and architecture field. Biomedical engineering consists of multiple parts that help pieces come alive and work together. Architecture on the other hand has multiple examples of ‘layering” either through material or through design. An example of this would be the use of regenerative skin layers and how these multiple layers can create one object. Another example would be manufacturing prosthetics limbs. These objects have multiple features and include different bits and pieces that fit together and in the end become

The drawing and model show us how this “layering” technique was visualized. First it was drawn out and then 3d modeled to better visualize what was happening. It works as a whole but each piece is needed to create and function the piece as a unit.

221

something as one. One object has multiple layers and serves many functions.

Figure 9.25

0’

7 Men’s Restroom 8 Women’s Restroom 9 Storage 10 Hydrogen Fuel Cell 11 Mechanical

Level 2 0’

200’

Level 1

Site Plan

100’

40’

20’

0’

Initial Concept Model

Tectonic and Space Models

2/4

Figure 9.26

222

Labs Lab Support Office Conference Room Men’s Restroom

10’

20’

40’

6 Women’s Restroom 7 Janitor’s Closet 8 Terrace 9 Mechanical

Summer 3pm

East Elevation

Vertical fin

Acoustical ceiling 6” Concrete floor with WWF and steel decking

3 3

5 6

6 7 7 8

3 3 3 3

3 3

80’ 40’

20’

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

80’

Biophila “Discovery” courtyard

Afternoon

Greyfield site

Green roof

Storm water reduction

Brick Veneer Wall

WWF 8” concrete slab w/ 1” minimum cover

Hydrogen fuel cell

Evening

Afternoon

Evening

WWF 8” concrete slab w/ 1” minimum cover

Hydrogen fuel cell

The structure system, on the right, involves 2 different beam systems. To have a column free office environment, a W24 x 248 was chosen to make the space larger. In return the beams are also deeper to West Wall Elevation accommodate this.

The detail on the left consists of a double skin facade louver system that reacts to the sun movement found throughout the day. The glass on the facade is also grey tinted to reduce glare that would happen in the labs and office W12 x 26 spaces. Structure

W24 x 248

W12 x 26 Structure

W24 x 248

3 Footer (below frostline) w/ #4 rebar

West Wall Elevation

PV electricity

Mid-day

Rainwater collection

Brick Veneer Wall

Level 4 0’

1 2 3 4 5

Footer (below frostline) w/ #4 rebar

4 West Wall Detail

West Wall Detail

2 7

West Wall Elevation

Labs 1 Labs Lab 2 Support Lab Support Office 3 Office Conference Room 4 Conference Room Men’s Restroom 5 Lounge

0’ 10’ 10’ 20’ 20’

40’ 40’

80’

80’ 1 2 3 4 5

Labs Lab Support Office Conference Room Men’s Restroom

Level 4

Level 3 0’

6 6Women’s Restroom Men’s Restroom 7 7Janitor’s Closet Women’s Restroom 8 8Terrace Janitor’s Closet 9 9Mechanical Storage 10 Mechanical

10’

20’

40’

LabsRoom 6 1Study Lab Support 7 2Classroom Office 8 3Men’s Restroom Conference Room 9 4Women’s Restroom Men’s Restroom 105 Mechanical

0’

10’80’ 20’

40’

0’

80’

6 Women’s Restroom 7 Janitor’s Closet 8 Terrace 9 Mechanical

1 2 3 4 5

Labs Lab Support Office Conference Room Men’s Restroom

10’

20’

40’

80’

6 Study Room 7 Classroom 8 Men’s Restroom 9 Women’s Restroom 10 Mechanical

3 9

Labs Lab Support Office Lecture Hall Nanofab Storage Parking Garage Biophila “Discovery” Courtyard Knowledge Core

1 2

Morning

Winter 3pm

1 2 1 2

Section A

3 3

Level Level 3 2

0’10’

9 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

3 3

2 2

3 3

Section A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

3 4

Labs Lab Support Office Lecture Hall Nanofab Storage Parking Garage Biophila “Discovery” Courtyard Knowledge Core

Help to deflect on coming wind from the northwest

Clear pv panels Vertical fin

High performance envelope for sun

Adjustable glass louver

Double skin louver facade

Offices

Labs

ayers” in both the biomedical engineering and architecture field. ng consists of multiple parts that help pieces come alive and work on the other hand has multiple examples of ‘layering” either through design. An example of this would be the use of ers and how these multiple layers can create one object. Another manufacturing prosthetics limbs. These objects have multiple different bits and pieces that fit together and in the end become

One object has multiple layers and serves s.

Eco-atrium

Initial Concept Model

Figure 9.27

223

Tectonic and Space Lighting and Space ModelsModels

2/4

Parti

Lighting and Space Models

Parti

High performance envelope for sun

Adjustable glass louver

Eco-atrium

Double skin louver facade

Maximize glazing on the north

Vertical louvers on east and west facade

Breakdown

del show us how this “layering” technique was visualized. First it en 3d modeled to better visualize what was happening. It works Tectonic and Space Models piece is needed to create and function the piece as a unit. 2/4

Help to deflect on coming wind from the northwest

Clear pv panels

Vertical fin

Labs

Storm water reduction

Interaction

Green roof

3 3

Pervious pavers

Offices

Greyfield site

Interaction

PV electricity

2 2

38th Stree t

2 2

3 5

Pervious pavers

Mid-day

Single lock standing seamcladding system

Rainwater collection

2 2

Morning

Winter 3pm

HSS 10 x 0.250 column Air to air heat exchange

Biophila “Discovery” courtyard

Single lock standing seamcladding system

Summer 3pm

W 12 x 26

Acoustical ceiling 6” Concrete floor with WWF and steel decking HSS 10 x 0.250 column

Air to air heat exchange

Restroom om n’s Restroom stroom ge et ogen Fuel Cell anical

Photovoltaic panels

W 12 x 26 West Elevation

West Elevation

Market Stre et

Photovoltaic panels

3/4

Maximize glazing on the north

Vertical louvers on east and west facade

Labs Offices

Breakdown

Labs Offices

Jason Knight I Prof. Munilla I Thesis I and II l Spring 2014 4/4

3/4

Figure 9.28

Jason Knight I Prof. Munilla I Thesis I and II l Spring 2014 4/4

224

Figure 10.1

010: Conclusion

10.1 Conclusion

Conclusion 10.1 The purpose of this thesis was to gain a greater knowledge and raise awareness of the growing field of biomedical engineering. With the rising interest and advanced technology in this field it is only a matter of time until the need to start manufacturing the pieces and parts for the public to use. The 3D printer is becoming cheaper and faster every year. Sooner or later the outdated manufacturing machinery is being replaced with new equipment like the 3D printer. The site of the building is just as important as the building itself. The site should be a driver for the architecture around it and should relate to one another creating a dialogue between the two. This thesis

crowds of people. The inside and outside spaces range from small intimate ones to large group gatherings. This helps further the idea of the exchanging of ideas and collaborating. During this thesis it was found that we are bridging the gap between the fields of medicine and engineerings and creating new fields like biomedical engineering. With these two fields coming together it was calling for a collaborative environments to spark new ideas and technology in the world of medicine. Much like what you see in major business corporation type environments recently. What seemed like sci-fi is now becoming reality in the world of medicine.

establishes this dialogue by creating different Figure 10.2

227

relationship sizes to accommodate diverse 228

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Clements, Isaac Perry. “How Prosthetic Limbs Work.” How Stuff Works. Web. Accessed November 6, 2013. http://science.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb3.htm

Kurfess, Thomas. “Why Manufacturing Matter.” ASME. November 2013. Web. Accessed November 10, 2013. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/why-manufacturing-matters

“Biomedical Engineers.” Bureau of Labor Statistics. Web. Accessed November 11, 2013. http://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/biomedical-engineers.htm#tab-1 “Powered Robotic Legs-Leaping Toward the Future.” National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. March 31, 2010. Web. Accessed October 29, 2013. http://www.nibib. nih.gov/news-events/newsroom/powered-robotic-legs-leaping-toward-future Butterman, Eric. “Mini Robots for Medical Use.” ASME. September 2013. Web. Accessed October 31, 2013. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/robotics/mini-robots-for-medical-use Crawford, Mark. “Creating Valve Tissue Using 3-D Bioprinting.” ASME. May 2013. Web. Accessed November 2, 2013. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/bioengineering/creating-valve-tissue-using-3d-bioprinting?cm_sp=Bioengineering-_-Feataured%20 Articles-_-Creating%20Valve%20Tissue%20Using%203-D%20Bioprinting

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Fox, S. S. (2009). Manufacturing goes online [advanced manufacturing technology]. Engineering & Technology (17509637), 4(15), 62-63. doi:10.1049/et.2009.1512 Giges, Nancy S. “Prosthesis to Replace Crutches.” ASME. September 2013. Web. Accessed November 9 2013. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/bioengineering/ prosthesis-to-replace-crutches Harris, Seth. “Quality Electrodynamics- Ohio Manufacturer Doing it Right.” United States Department of Labor. October 21, 2011. Web. Accessed October 30, 2013. http://social.dol. gov/blog/quality-electrodynamics-%E2%80%93-ohio-manufacturer-doing-it-right/ “Imagining Science and the Economy: Federal Funds Provided Lifeline for a Start-Up Company.” National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. February 3, 2012. Web. Accessed November 3, 2013. http://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events/newsroom/imaging-science-and-economy-federal-funds-provided-lifeline-start-company Kurfess, Thomas. “Why Manufacturing Matter.” ASME. November 2013. Web. Accessed November 10, 2013. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/why-manufacturing-matters Phillips, Dr Graham. “Organ Bioprinting.” Catalyst. October 17, 2013. Web. Accessed Octo229

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