Startup incubator center - a graduation book by JawaherBH

Kingdom of Bahrain University of Bahrain Collage of Engineering Department of Architecture and Interior Design Graduation Project Programming Stage Academic Year 2022/ 2022

START UP INCUBATOR CENTER A GRADUATION BOOK

Students : Jawaher Basim Alhamer - 20180825 Reem Yousef Alhannoush- 20170619 Instructor: Dr . Fatema Qaed

University of Bahrain College of Engineering Department of Architecture and Interior Design 2021-2022

DECLARATION I hereby declare that all material in this Graduation Project-Report titled as: “__________________________Startup incubator center___________________________” is my own work except where there is clear acknowledgment or reference to the work of others, and I have complied with the University rules and regulations related to Plagiarism and Academic Integrity. Date:1/1/2022 Names and IDs of the students: Jawaher Basim AlHamer – 20180825

Reem Yousef AlHannoush - 20170619

Signature of the students:

Acknowledgement: At first we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our advisor and mentor Dr.Fatema Qaed for the continuous support , patience , motivation and immense knowledge . Her guidance helped us into completing this book . Reem AlHannoush : In addition to thanking our mentor Dr Fatema Qaed, I am thankful to my family and friends for giving me motivation, support and help. I would also like to thank Mrs. Sara Qaed for the useful interview I made with her. Lastly, I want to thank my partner in writing this research Juwaher alhamer for her great team spirit and soul. Jawaher AlHamer: The success and outcome of this project were possible by the guidance and support from many people. It required a lot of effort from each individual involved in this project , and I would like to thank them for that . I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my family. My mother who always believed in me and supported me all along , my father the source of my strength and my brothers and beloved sister. I would like to acknowledge and give my warmest thanks to my supervisor and mentor Dr.Fatema Qaed who made this work possible . Her guidance carried me through all the stages of writing my project. Thank you for always believing in me. To my dearest friend Hessa Khaled , who was always beside me throughout this rough time , thank you for your continuous love and support . To my colleague reem alhannoush , you were such an amazing partner , thank you for your great support . To my dearest friend Reem Buhindi , I would like to thank you for being my backbone throughout this years. Lastly , I would like to thank all of those individuals who supported me throughout this years my teachers and friends . ‫وآخر دعواهم ان الحمدهلل رب العالمين‬

Abstract: Although incubation facilities are known around the world for supporting startup enterprises, there are just a few in Bahrain that do so financially. We aim to develop a center where financial assistance isn’t the only thing available; we want to create a welcoming environment and assist our clients in whatever manner we can. We have developed a new vision for startups in this study book by developing an incubator facility for both artists and designers that provides them with the necessary components, equipment, and guidance. We identified the primary target groups and assessed their needs through user research and interviews. This contributes to the economic vision for Bahrain 2030, which aims to provide a clear path for the Kingdom’s economic development. We have gathered knowledge regarding crucial incubator techniques, building qualities, and finance strategies that will keep the center running through literature research, observations, and case studies. we’ve collected information about important incubator ‘s practices, building characteristics and funding strategies that will keep the center going. This book is set of five chapters, each chapter holds different topics that supports the design process of our project. Chapter 1 : Introduction, story, definition of an incubator center, its importance, objectives… Chapter 2 :Data Collection using qualitative methods by comprehending, analyzing articles, creating interviews, users, observations. Chapter 3 :Case Studies of existing similar projects. Chapter 4 :Programming Chapter 5 :Building Selection &Analysis.

Chapter 1 : PROJECT STATEMENT

Introduction Project background Project aim Methodology Project components Conclusion

Chapter 2 : DATA COLLECTION 18 Literature review -Article One : What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important -Article two : Guidelines for developing blended learning to support incubator centers -Article three : Empowering Social Innovators through Collaborative and Experiential Learning -Article four : innovation in Learning Methodologies for Adult Learners: Implications for Theory and Practice - Article five : Entrepreneurship through maker-spaces -article six : the psychology of colours in the workplace -article seven : natural light and its effect in workspaces technical specification Interviews : Data and analysis Observation : Data and analysis Conclusion

Chapter 3 : case studies 53 Case study one : the mills fabrica Case study two : kennedy center for theatre and the studio arts

Chapter 4 : programming 88 -Project components study -User study -Functional relationship -Area calculation study - Design guidelines

Chapter 5: 125 Site analysis Building analysis Programming Conclusion

Chapter One

1.1 Introduction A small push to success , this is what happened to dropbox. “dropbox” is a company that provides a file hosting service which gives you secure access to all your files. After one simple download of the Dropbox app someone could store any file instantly “in the cloud.” Today , Drop box has more than 700 million users. The story started , On a bus to New York, the Dropbox idea came to Drew Houston, the founder of drop box. Where he was on a four hour drive to Boston he realized that he forgot his USB drive, leaving him with only a laptop and no code to play with. Frustrated, he began to develop a software to sync files over the Internet Houston later on partnered with a cofounder and pitched the idea to Y combinator (an incubator company ) Drop box then received $15,000 from Y combinator which the used to rent an apartment and buy a Mac. Drop box was present a few months later at a Y combinator event where they managed to get investors on board and grow the company to where it is today! Of course all of this wouldn’t happen without the help of the incubator center . Just like the story about dropbox, there are many other stories of startups that benefited massively from incubators. Stories like these are the reason we’re doing this project as we want to see such success in our country. The road to success can start with something as simple as an idea. With time, effort and planning, the idea grows into something real. Imagine having a space that embraces your idea and paves the way of success for you. The incubators are here to provide a supportive and motivated environment for ambitious individuals who aspire to become successful in the future. Nowadays, there is a notable growth in the number of businesses all around the world as there has been significant increase in demand. This could be said to be as a result of modernization as well as the increase in global population. It is now quite common for us to see startups as there are new ideas, new products coming up every day. A startup is basically newly established companies where they aim to deliver new and unique products in order to attract as much customers as they can to ensure success and development [1]. A relevant area here would be is incubators which play an important role in establishing and developing these startups. These incubators provide a low-cost working space as well as assisting and mentoring the owners of these startups to achieve their desired goals [2].

1.2 Project background The focus of this project is to support creative individuals working in the field of art and design by designing a facility that provides their needs, whether its related to art projects such as paintings or basic design work. The center that we want to create does not only provide financial assistance. We want to support startups ups financially, emotionally and be with them in every step of the way. We want to pave the road of success for them. Supporting startups will strengthen our economy and can be seen as contribution towards our beloved country’s vision. This report will explain the process of designing a startup center that will carry the ambitious entrepreneurs and business owners with low budgets, they will be provided with all tools required to go forward with their ideas in addition of an encouraging, positive working environment. Our beloved Bahrain is filled with ambitious and creative individuals who will thrive and achieve their dreams with such supportive projects which can also play an important role in achieving the goals of Bahrain’s 2030 vision that focuses on shaping the vision of the government, society, and the economy, based around three guiding principles; sustainability, fairness, and competitiveness. Bahrain is looking forward to achieve general objectives that are strongly related to our project such as: support creativity, excellence, the role of woman, youth, and sports in all government programs and initiatives, Invest in citizens through enhancing, improving, and sustaining the government services in education, health, and other sectors [3]. with the correct study and understanding of their needs and wants, way of thinking, environment impact, we will be able to provide the perfect atmosphere and come up with the perfect design from A to Z, with choosing the right components, concept, clarity and simplicity in design, to providing the best divisions and teams that will make this project work This is a project that needs to be focused on in our society, young people from the new generation have incredible ideas that can bright up our future even more, unfortunately we do not have much startup centers especially ones that focuses on a specific group or that provides the right support from funding to materials providing or even stays in.

To elaborate more, incubators provide a low-cost working space as well as assisting and mentoring startups owners to achieve their desired goals and long-life dream. In this project a person will come out of their shell step by step with all the right support. The first formal concept of business incubations began in the United states in 1959 when joseph l. mancuso opened the Batavia Industrial Center in a Batavia, New York, warehouse. [13] Incubation expanded in the U.S. in the 1980s and spread to the UK and Europe through various related forms (e.g. innovation centres, pépinières d’entreprises, technopoles/science parks).[4]

1.3 Project aim This research aims to design an incubator that support the development of start-ups by designing a smart working environment that offers resources, facilities and services that empowers start-ups to work creatively and effectively.

1.4 Methodology To achieve the aim of this research, qualitative methods will be used in this research, where the qualitative research provides conclusions by collecting non-numerical data from understanding underlying reasons, opinions and motivations by interviewing people, videos, articles that will be valuable.[7] Qualitative: Articles: focuses on academic articles about incubators, startups, designers and artists etc… paraphrasing important complex information.

Case studies: by studying existing centers from the exterior to the interior and even members to understand the design process of what’s similar, uses of the components needed to reach our goal. Interviews: reading/ hearing interviews and interviewing people whom are startups, incubators, designers and artists; will help us understand what’s there needs to create the right environment. Observations: observing videos of artists/ designers while they’re working and talking about their goals and careers can help us imagine how’s an incubator center should look like and realize the importance of having an environment to motivate and encourage them.

Figure 1- qualitative research method.

1.5 Project components We can cite Carayannis and Von Zedtwitz (2005), who defined 5 of the services that needs to be provided by the incubators: access to physical resources, office support, access to financial resources, assistance with startup procedures, and access to networks, with these proposed services we can understand what kind of components that needs to be included in the project.[6] The proposed project can be considered educational and supportive for creative people, which is why the surrounding environment should serve this purpose. This shall be accomplished by having certain components such as: Reception: The first point for visitors or participants to provide general information and inquiries. Workshops: An area fully equipped with all the necessary tools to provide individuals with everything they need for their work Co-working space: Spaces well designed for individuals to work with one and other in an encouraging and comfortable environment to ensure that it satisfy their needs that can handle heavy work. Individual workstations: An area where individuals are able to privately book their slots and work independently in a quiet workspace. Research center (Library): A place for all individuals to access any required information whether through computers or books. Laboratories: Where individuals can have their materials tested and modified if needed.

Experiment rooms: A space where you can do experiments on specific materials that needs special environments. Marketing rooms: A space for planning, coordinating, implementing. Meeting rooms: These rooms shall be used by any individual or instructor whether it was for a general discussion or even confidential meetings. Multi-purpose hall: Used for events, galleries, fund raising etc… Exhibition hall: To have a permanent exhibition for visitors to check the participants work. Classrooms/ learning spaces: Classrooms are essential to the project as it is where individuals will be assisted and instructed, it is also where their creativity and performance will be assessed. Café: Any center should include a café/ restaurant for the people to eat or provide food for those who stays in residence. Staff room: Where the staff can relax and have there alone time. Suites: For those who are participating from abroad and needs to stay in for a while to finish their on-going projects. ‘artists in residence’ Services: Kitchen, pantry, mechanical and Electrical rooms, restrooms.

1.6 Conclusion. All in all, with the research methods and resources that held the project’s aim, background which goes back to earlier centuries, we reach to the fact that with the current increase in the number of businesses, what is concluded is that there is an actual need for such centers. These centers will help mentor these startups owners as well as supporting individuals with low budget to have a working space with everything they need.

Chapter Two

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.1 Article One : What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important This article answers the questions of what it takes to design a perfect incubator center of both artists and designers: -Are designers and artists are the same? -Way of thinking? -What design considerations should be taken? ARTISTS VS DESIGNES ‘Art is design, design is art ‘and they both are at their most entrepreneurial – inventive and innovative – when aligning their work, organizations and producing abilities with shared interests, arts-based and not.[8]When design needs to fulfill a function such as industrial or product design, the aesthetic of what has been designed considered art while the product itself is not considered art.[9] “Art and artists have the ability to solve substantial problems”. How? Being capable to solve problems needs knowledge, experience, skill, research, risk, and an understanding of human behavior, unfortunately the fact that many designers fail to acknowledge the artists can actually solve methodology in their work even though artists have been systematically pursuing creative solutions for centuries, long before the distinction of “designer” was fashionable. For example: studying the master of light and painter of the Girl with a Pearl Earring, Johannes Vermeer’s artworks concluded that Vermeer likely used an advanced, and still unknown, form of camera obscura to create his masterpieces cause His paintings contain lighting and perspective distortions that can only be seen through manmade lenses... this is a contentious theory, but there is ample evidence from multiple sources to support such a claim.

Vermeer invented an apparatus and process that went undetected and unduplicated for over 350 years and allowed him to create some of the world’s most iconic and technically exquisite paintings without any formal training. That is the principle of problem solving. [9] -Artists and designer’s way of thinking. In general, design thinking is a process that is based on analyzing, creativity and experiments with prototype models, gathering feedbacks to redesign. The way of thinking is related to several characteristics such as visualization, creativity. [11] This infographic summarizes what are the way of thinking of our startup incubator users.

Design considerations: There’s no one-size-fits-all approach in designing a maker’s space, in spite of the fact that most of the starting questions are the same even as the answers vary. To know where to begin on this roadmap, consider what isn’t up for debate and let the other negotiables expand out from there. Each of these considerations are connected and can exist in agreement (or struggle) with each other. These considerations presuppose you have got a strong sense of what your values in doing this work are, indeed as the vision and points of interest of an arrange are still taking shape. [8]

1: WHO YOU SERVE? By narrowing down what kind of artists you’d wish to support based on:

2: HOW YOU SERVE? What kind of resources and support you provide will reflect who you will serve and the community you’ll create.

3: FACILITIES. The facilities you’ll choose to create is important based on what type of participants served. It is also connected to the support you’ll provide and the internal community.

4: FOOD. Meals have a big impact on the participants, it is connected to their energy, productivity. Taking the location, culture, goals into consideration.

5: ENGAGEMENT. There are different approaches to consider regarding the way of engaging between the participants and the way of communication, whether they spend their residency in isolation or not.

6: INTEGRATION. In case the program is connected to an institution or organizations in your community, how can it be integrated with culture, identity, and priorities?

7: SELECTION PROCESS. The process of choosing participants is really important and it often evolves with the organization, the design of the selection can be simple or complex and costly… in the end it depends on your goals.

8: EXPECTATIONS AND EVALUATION. To avoid any conflicts in communication, transparency is the key. This can be achieved by providing a contract or an agreement letter that outline expectations and policies.

9: ALUMNI RELATIONSHIPS. How are you going to engage with your participants during their residency and afterwards? Your alumni are valuable, they can become partners, storytellers to motivate more participations and more.

10: THE BIGGER PICTURE. What matters to you as an incubator? what will your program reflect?

In conclusion, this article displayed important investigate that has given the premise for understanding (a) the similarity of artists and designers (b) their way of thinking and (c) design considerations that should be taken. There is significant observational work to be done to set up a full understanding of their way of thinking. The studies studied in this article show the characteristics of amateur and master creators. Having great way of thinking abilities can help in solving truly complex issues as well as altering to unexpected changes. Although the thinking process includes in-depth cognitive processes it too includes personality and dispositional characteristics such as perseverance and creativity. [11]

2.2LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.2 Article two : Guidelines for developing blended learning to support incubator centers. The article aims to guide incubators through steps to be taken in order to achieve blended courses of high quality. What is blended learning? Blended learning can be defined as having an actual integration of different delivery modes, teaching models and learning style due to implementing an approach that is both strategic and systematic to the use of technology along with the use of face-to-face interaction in the most convenient way. [26]

Figure 2 : Elaborating blended learning

There are several forms for blended learning, such as (Singh, 2003): 1. A combination of face-to-face and online learning which is described as the best form of blended learning and is done by adding online learning opportunities to face-to-face sessions such as use of the internet for video films and blogs

2. A combination of self-paced and collaborative learning which is self paced and can be controlled by learners, it can be seen demotivating at times which is why it is often combined with collaborative work.

3. A combination of structured and unstructured learnings which is where teachers or instructors have to prepare for their lessons in advance, teachers can also add less structured activities such as debated to help enhance learners’ understanding. 4. A combination of customized contents and off-the-shelf contents which is considered time and energy consuming as it is related to teaching aids and learning contents to a specific target group. Adding customized assignments can help save time and energy

5. A combination of learning and practice which is where learning and practice can be done together rather than requiring learning prior to practice, aids can also bed used to help facilitate practice .

There are four patterns when it comes to instructional design that combine online training and face-toface meetings and they are:

Figure 3: Showing the four different pattern layouts for blended learning .

Moving on, there are five dimensions that must be combined to distinguish learning activities from each other, these are: 1. Combination of learning sessions dedicated to face-to-face and to distance learning which requires for three aspects to be taken into consideration and they are: -

The time allowed for each learning session

The succession of face-to-face and distance learning sessions

The kind of activity or assignment attributed to each session

2. Features of the learning environment regarding the use of media (techno-pedagogical environment) where it is important for course designers to provide for a techno-pedagogical environment to help learners perform their assigned tasks under good conditions 3. Expected and observed effects in terms of reflexive and relational mediations where Technopedagogical environments modify the relation of learners to subject matter, to learning activities and to other learners 4. Human support available in order to develop methodological and metacognitive skills where distance learning might cause isolation which is why teachers should help learners understand and integrate new information to their knowledge 5. Openness of the learning environment which depends on the liberty learners are allowed to take in order to attain the learning goals or even decide on the, learners will engage more in the learning process if the course is more open.

Experiential Learning method. 2.1.3 Article three : Empowering Social Innovators through Collaborative and Experiential Learning The article elaborates the definition and importance of experiential learning method .It states the different factors and patterns used to achieve the best learning experience Experiential learning can be defined as A form of active learning in which students “learn by doing” and then reflect on what they’ve learned. The learner generates new concepts or alters their thinking based on the experience and their reflection on it, which is known as abstract conceptualization. Well-designed, monitored, and evaluated experiential learning programs can foster interdisciplinary learning, civic participation, career growth, cultural awareness, leadership, and other professional and intellectual qualities, all of which can boost a startup’s academic capacities.[25]

“Experiential” learning includes all of the following factors: 1.

Reflection, critical analysis and synthesis.

2. Opportunities for students to take charge, make decisions, and take responsibility for the outcomes. 3. Opportunities for pupils to participate in activities that are academically, creatively, emotionally, socially, or physically stimulating. 4. A planned learning experience that allows for natural consequences, failures, and accomplishments to be learned from.[26] Kolb’s (1984) cycle of learning describes the process of experience learning. - knowledge— the ideas, facts, and knowledge gained through formal education and prior experience; -

activity— knowledge application in a “real world” situation; and

- reflection— knowledge analysis and synthesis, as well as activities to generate new knowledge” (Indiana University, 2006, n.p.).

Figure 4 : Elaborating the Kolb’s cycle of learning

During experiential learning, the facilitator’s role is to: - Pose issues, establish limits, encourage learners, offer appropriate resources, provide physical and emotional safety, and assist the learning process. - Recognize and promote unplanned chances for learning, involvement with difficult circumstances, experimentation (that does not endanger the well-being of others), and solution development. - Assist the learner in seeing links across contexts, between theory and experience, and in promoting this investigation on a regular basis.[26]

Adult learning methodologies 2.1.4 Article four : innovation in Learning Methodologies for Adult Learners: Implications for Theory and Practice This article discusses variety of adult preferred learning methods that can help

In unders tanding the spatial needs of the users. Adults’ learning skills differ from those of youngsters. Adults are more self-motivated than children because they realize the value of education and usually begin studying with a specific goal in mind. Here are some of the methods preferred by adults :-

1. Andragogy: The art and science of educating adults is referred to as andragogy. This technique is most suited for those who use their knowledge base and life experience to help in their learning, as well as selfmotivated individuals who value a classroom experience above other learning methods .[16] How do we employ andragogy in training? the instructor should establish a collaborative environment with resources that are appropriate to the learner’s requirements. Andragogy fundementals to create the best spatial environment

2- Self-directed Learning: It incorporates notions about how adults self-manage, resulting in a theory based on the premise that the adult learner Takes the initiative to figure out what they need to know. The learner establishes learning objectives, locates the resources required, develops and implements a learning plan, and then assesses their own performance. The facilitator is more of a guide, there to assist when needed but giving the learner the space they need to self-direct their learning. This sort of learning may be an important component of a blended training program, particularly for upskilling. [22]

Figure 5 : The process of self-directed learning

3- Social learning theory Social learning theory presumes that learners will gain information by combining their own experiences with observations of others work [22].

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.5 Article five : Entrepreneurship through maker-spaces This article emphasizes on the importance of makerspaces , and outlines the unique aspects of creating the most suitable environment for creative minds.

Figure 6: Makerspace

The definition of makerspace Makerspaces are spaces with tools that combine manufacturing equipment, community, and education to enable community members to design, prototype, and create manufactured works that would not be possible to create with the resources available to individuals working alone. The concept behind this space is to create something out of nothing and exploring your own interests. [22]

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF COLOURS IN THE WORKPLACE Colors has a huge impact on workspaces , understanding the psychology behind it plays a huge role into the productivity of the users. So here are some colors and their impact on the user .[25]

The meaning of each color : 1. Yellow : It is best employed in work locations where artists, authors, designers, developers, and other creative professions operate, according to color psychologists. The color’s favorable connections with happiness and fun might elicit a pleasant sensation. Even a small amount of yellow against a background of neutral colors has a favorable effect. 2. Green : Is primarily connected with nature, serenity, and equilibrium. It can be found in any business that requires a lot of decision-making. 3. Blue: Is a color that is believed to stimulate the mind and is a more intellectual color. Strong blues aid focus and have a soothing impact that triggers natural tranquilizers in the brain, whereas gentle blues aid concentration and have a calming effect that triggers natural tranquilizers in the brain. Blue has the opposite impact of red in that it lowers appetite and slows the heart rate. This slowness is ideal for employees who must concentrate for lengthy periods of time because it boosts productivity. 4. Red : Red is a bright and one of the most vivid colors Red has physical impacts on the body, such as increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism, which leads to an increase

in appetite. Red also increases word productivity because if applied in spaces people think that the time goes by fast.

Figure 7 : different workspaces implemented with different colors.

NATURAL LIGHT AND ITS EFFECT IN WORKSPACES Natural light for numerous centuries was the main source of lighting in buildings until the late nineteenth century, when the artificial light has been discovered during the last quarter of the twentieth century and the first years of the twenty-first century, designers and architects have considered the importance of natural light within buildings. Recently, daylight got to be an important natural element in order to decrease energy utilization in buildings, and improve the indoor live quality. [12]. This can be achieved by creating large windows, skylights and balconies etc… This part will discuss how natural light improves the productivity in workspaces.

1: MOOD ENHANCEMENT. It improves your mood, decreases the risk of developing mental health issues. People that are suffering from the seasonal affective disorder and other mental disorder are exposed more to the shifts that happens in their frame of mind when the darker evenings set in. [13] A study by Future Workplace found that 38 percent of employees lose 60 minutes of time when their emotional wellness is suffering. [14]

2: CREATIVITY. Many creative people whether they’re artists, singers etc… agree that natural light impacts and stimulates creativity. [14] Research published by Eco Business showed that workplaces with sufficient daylight saw an uplift of between 5 and 40% in productivity and sales. [12]

3: BETTER SLEEP. Neuroscience researchers from Northwestern University in Chicago concluded that there is a strong relationship between workplace daylight exposure and a worker’s sleep quality. They found that workers in offices with windows slept an average of 46 more minutes per night, less sleep talking and walking. [12]

4: EYE HEALTH. Eye health is also related to the productivity in the work space, having natural light will reduce number of breaks needed after eyestrain instances and eye related headaches. It will also increase the concentration to maintain a good work.

Thus, this summarize the impact and effect of a simple and natural resource that also reduces the cost of having only artificial light. It is now clear that when looking for a good work space you must consider having enough natural light source.

2.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION “The incredible thing about the technology is that you feel like you’re actually present in another place with other people. People who try it say it’s different from anything they’ve ever experienced in their lives.” — Mark Zuckerberg

1.Hot wire CNC foam cutting machines This machine allows creating practically any product of the most complicated shape in a fast, accurate and relatively inexpensive way. It cuts the foam into the wanted shape. This machine has different types And sizes , the smaller practical one is about 30.7”x12.99”x2.17” (78x33x5.5cm)

Figure 8 : Foam cutter

2.3D Printer 3D printers have the ability to transform consumerism, By empowering people to build their goods. Its an essential part in any designers life. (Fabbaloo, 2021)[18] One of the best benefits of 3d printers is that it can print complex forms .

Figure 9: 3D printer

Figure10 : 3D Printed art work

Figure 11: 3D Printed furniture product

3.Wood CNC machine. Wood is the most common materials in designing . Such machines , create the most possible designs with wood . However, there are Certain types of wood to be used in this machine such as:

- - - - -

Dan walnut cherry maple Baltic birch plywood

Figure 12 : Wood CNC Machine

4.Sculpture machine. CNC-cutting robots carve artists’ 3D-design documents into stone, providing both practical and creative benefits. (Redshift EN. 2021)[19]

Figure 13 : Sculpturing in action

5.Virtual reality. The emergence of virtual reality applications for the design and art industry has been one of the design processes now a days . [20] It helps artists and designer imagine their final results and even help in the creating process.

Figure 14: Virtual reality tool.

2.3 INTERVIEWS AND EMPATHY MAPS INTERVIEW 1:

Sara Qaed. BIO: Sara Qaed is a UK-based artist (originally from Bahrain). She practices art via editorial caricatures, drawings, comics, videos, usable pieces, and things in between. Her daily caricatures focus on refugees, corruption, power and recently ‘occupation’. Her passion for caricature as a visual language led her to experiment with different methods and materials to present this kind of art. In 2016, She co-founded “Akml”: A participatory project that seeks ways of visual communication with a focus on political and social drawing. In 2019, Sara won Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought for caricature and Mahmoud Khuhail award for Editorial Cartoons. Q1 Interviewer: what are your professions as an artist? Sara: illustrator, audial cartoons, visual, life drawings, sketching, social arts and comics, interactive drawing. Q2 Interviewer: From your experience, what is the process of reaching out, participating in those centers? Sara: open calls, word of mouth, offers, social media. Q3 Interviewer: What are the components that you think will serve you as an artist when staying or working in a residence/ studio? Sara: I’ve never stayed in a residence but I prefer simplicity, not luxurious. I think it’s important to have a kitchen, flexible walls and windows that I can draw, stick things on, I have storage issues for papers used I’d prefer sticking them on walls in front of me. I don’t like using screens... prefers old school techniques like papers pens and pencils. Q4 Interviewer: Is there any guidelines and rules for participations? Sara: Usually it comes with a theme and no age restrictions, accepts different kind of professions like film maker’s illustrators etc.. and its not important to end your residency with a specific submission. Also there are specific centers only for one profession such as glass makers. Regarding the funding is based on the place itself, some gives us a budget while others tells us they will provide whatever needed.

Q5 Interviewer: How would you describe the design of the residents you’ve been to? Sara: they are simple, some are originally a house with rooms turned to studios, and some are in schools or care homes. Q6 Interviewer: That sounds really interesting! can you provide us with pictures of work spaces you’ve worked in? Sara:

Home Studio-Jesmond, UK-2018 – 2019

Social Art Residency-The Newbridge Project 2019

Urban Sketchers live Drawing Session-Grainger Market- UK 2018

Home Studio-Bahrain-2017

Home Studio-Newcastle Upon Tyne – UK 2014 - 2015 Q7 Interviewer: How did these centers helped you build your career? Sara: it really helped me especially when meeting other artists and communicating with them, I am currently working on a project that I got into through a gallery I was participating in.

Empathy map 1 INTERVIEW SUMMARY EMPATHY MAP

Third interview

What are your professions as an artist?

How would you describe the design of the residents you’ ve been to?

• sketching, • illustrator, • audial cartoons, • social arts and comics, • Visual • life drawings, • interactive drawing.

• they are simple, some are originally a house with rooms turned to studios, and some are in schools or care homes.

SAY The messiness of my drawings in the studio

Pictures of work?

DO THINK

From your experience, what is the process of reac hing out, participating in those centers?

•

open calls, word of mouth, offers, social media, events.

Bahraini UK-based artist . co-founded “Akml”in 2016 : A participatory project that seeks ways of visual communication with a focus on political and social drawing. In 2019, Sara won Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought for caricature and Mahmoud Khuhail award for Editorial Cartoons.

A quiet space with outdoor access

FEEL

INSPIRATION Archives and having them in front of me

NEEDS

What are the components that you think will ser ve you as an artist when staying or working in a residence/ studio?

•

What is the preferable environment for working?

Politics and socials

I’ve never stayed in a residence but I prefer simplicity, not luxurious. I think it’s important to have a kitchen, flexible walls and windows that I can draw, stick things on, I have storage issues for papers used I’d prefer sticking them on walls in front of me. I don’t like using screens... prefers old school techniques like papers pens and pencils.

INTERVIEW 2 :

Audrone Drungilaite Brief about her :

Creative Director of EMKO company Diploma in product design 12+ of experience in product development

The company she works for is a furniture production company which is located in Lithuania .this company supports newly graduates by making their best project into real furniture and collaborates with youth

Q1: Can you please describe a day a day in your work, elaborate your work process, taking me through your workshops? And is this what would you call a dream workflow? EMKO helps to commercialize young talents work. Designers are sending their proposals. We start from the market research, checking current trends, looking for a right factory production, predicting production price, take care of prototyping, images, copywriting, marketing and sales through our retailers. I think that such models work well.

Q2: How do you keep up with the market and its latest trends? Following design media, visiting international design fairs and festivals.

Q3: In your opinion, what do you think is the best way to help creative minds turn their concepts into reality? I strongly believe that everyone should do what they can the best. Creative people should create, producers should help to develop projects and managers make all sales. I would recommend for creators do not their projects alone.

Q4: If you would like to add any other spatial components to the incubator centre rather than workstations and classes, what would it be? Photo shooting room, materials library, competences centre, kitchen, conference hall, meeting room. Can you name any essential tools that you use in your workshops? We don’t have our own production facility but it’s very important to understand that you cannot produce all products in a one factory. Every factory specialises on particular field - wood working, metal bending, upholstered furniture production. I would name as essential tools for the incubator: laser engraver, CNC, cutting machine tools, circular saw machines, jointer, drilling machine, router table, edge gluing banding machine, miter saw, horizontal mortiser, drill press, wood turning machine, panel glue press, hand electrical power tools.

Q5 What are your preferred design resources? Google fonts, Adobe Creative Suite.

Empathy map 2 INTERVIEW SUMMARY EMPATHY MAP

First interview

Describe a day in your work, elaborate your work process, taking me through your workshops? And is this what would you call a dream workflow? EMKO helps to commercialize young talents work. Designers are sending their proposals. We start from the market research, checking current trends, looking for a right factory production, predicting production price, take care of prototyping, images, copywriting, marketing and sales through our retailers. I think that such models work well.

SAY

Adobe Creative Suite Interduce the products to people

Google fonts Exhibiting the product

FEEL What are your preferred design resources? Audorne Drungiligate

best way to help creative minds turn their concepts into reality? I strongly believe that everyone should do what they can the best. Creative people should create, producers should help to develop projects and managers make all sales. I would recommend for creators do not their projects alone.

THINK

o Creative Director of EMKO

company o Diploma in product design o 12+ of experience in product development

INSPIRATION How do you keep up with the market and its latest trends?

Following design media visiting international design fairs and festivals.

NEEDS spatial components to the incubator centre rather than workstations and classes, what would it be?

Photo shooting room materials library

conference hall meeting room competences centre

kitchen

Can you name any essential tools that you use in your workshops? We don’t have our own production facility but it’s very important to understand that you cannot produce all products in a one factory. Every factory specializes on particular field - wood working, metal bending, upholstered furniture production. I would name as essential tools for the incubator: laser engraver, CNC, cutting machine tools, circular saw machines, jointer, drilling machine, router table, edge gluing banding machine, miter saw, horizontal mortiser, drill press, wood turning machine, panel glue press, hand electrical power tools.

INTERVIEW 3 :

Eng. Ruba AlKhaldi Brief about her :

- -

Bachelors in Interior architecture MA in design strategy and innovation.

She’s Currently a lecturer in industrial design department where she teaches students how to design normal products to services product depends on the complexity of the studio. Q1: Can you please describe a day in your work , elaborate your work process, taking me through your workshops , and is this what would you call a dream workflow? Currently we are following a hybrid teaching experience whereas , we teach online the theoretical courses . In the theoretical courses it takes about three hours sessions to deliver all the material needed. However, the on-campus courses are basically design studios . We usually meet to deliver lectures and have one on one sessions to follow up with the student’s progress. In breaks we use our offices/workspace to meet up with the students. As for what’s my dream regarding the best product design workspace. First of all we should keep in mind to things , in the matter of creating the best workspace , we should understand two things : 1- Outcome (type of product we are aiming to create . 2- The design process that they are following . In terms of the outcome , we should determine the product type whether it was intangible or tangible . and we should also define if it was low complexity product like a cup or high complexity product that requires technology and effort such as furniture design that can be considered medium to high . The best dream workflow depends on following the design thinking process . Q2:Can you elaborate the way of thinking that you use in terms of designing, and what are your preferred design resources? For me my preferred tools to start prototyping is the use of paper to create the simplest shapes , because paper does wonders, and we teach a whole subject in the university that explains creating prototypes from paper. Another important resource is 3d printers. Q3: In your opinion , what do you think is the best way to help creative minds turn their concepts into reality ? This is an interesting question , to be creative you must experiment a lot. If we have an idea we have to create it instantly . just like what we do in classes after selecting the best idea we start to create a prototype and with this we know if its worth it. When we experience an idea its far more different than thinking about the idea . Experiencing helps us understand all the intangibles aspects that we did not think about before . Thus , part of the success of the product is the interaction with it. Rapid prototype and giving the targeted people to experience it could really help into turning the dream concept into reality .

Q4:In your opinion , what are the most important components to be added in the incubator center that can help into creating the best learning environment? As for me , I really think what’s missing now a days is having general brainstorming spaces where people can test and experiment in a general way and interact with others by having focused groups . Like for example , the brainstorming rooms should have futuristic tables with attached screens and meeting tables that could be easily connected to your laptop. Other than that , its highly crucial to have material library’s that include a guide that could choose for you the most suitable material for your suggested product. Furthermore , I believe that we should have quiet spaces for creative minds like secret spaces that are hideouts for people who want to be alone .Also having spaces where family members could be a part of it and could easily visit especially for people who are very busy , which would result in increasing the productivity . Furthermore , I wish all incubators have accommodation where people could rest. Because when it comes to designing the more it aligns with habits as humans the more it becomes successful as a design. Like for example some companies allow wearing pajamas in their workspace because they believe it increases productivity because people think that its more comfortable . So another point is to add the comfort feeling within the space would have great outcomes. Q5: If you would like to add any other spatial components to the incubator center rather than workstations and classes , what would it be ? Can you name any essential tools that you use in your workshops? As I said before , understanding the space needs is highly important , and having brainstorming spaces would really elevate the quality of the learning and working environment. When it comes to essential tools there comes the rule of Machines ,so having certain machines depends on the prototype whether its final or a draft prototype . we have a lab that contains 3d printers different sizes and types . Laser Cutter and CNC machines . Spaces for using materials such as foam modeling . where foam modeling is used for creating organic shaped products . As for other machines if its not available we collaborate with Ithraa especially for bringing materials from a material library. To conclude , these machines are highly important to complete any product designing working space.

Empathy map 3 INTERVIEW SUMMARY EMPATHY MAP

Second interview

Describe a day in your work, elaborate your work process, taking me through your workshops? And is this what would you call a dream workflow? following a hybrid teaching experience whereas , we teach online the theoretical courses . In the theoretical courses it takes about three hours sessions to deliver all the material needed

on-campus courses are basically design studios .usually meet to deliver lectures and have one on one sessions to follow up with the student’s progress. In breaks we use our offices/workspace to meet up with the students.

First of all we should keep in mind to things , in the matter of creating the best workspace , we should understand two things : 1- Outcome (type of product we are aiming to create . 2- The design process that they are following . In terms of the outcome , we should determine the product type whether it was intangible or tangible . and we should also define if it was low complexity product like a cup or high complexity product that requires technology and effort such as furniture design that can be considered medium to high . The best dream workflow depends on following the design thinking process .

SAY

Brainstorming area

start prototyping is the use of paper to create the simplest shapes , because paper does wonders, and we teach a whole subject in the university that explains creating prototypes from paper. Wood workshop

Another important resource is 3d printers.

CNC machine workshop

best way to help creative minds turn their concepts into reality?

Eng. Ruba AlKhaldi

THINK

If we have an idea we have to create it instantly . just like what we do in classes after selecting the best idea we start to create a prototype and with this we know if its worth it. When we experience an idea its far more different than thinking about the idea . Experiencing helps us understand all the intangibles aspects that we did not think about before . part of the success of the product is the interaction with it. Rapid prototype and giving the targeted people to experience it could really help into turning the dream concept into reality .

What are your preferred design resources?

FEEL

o o

Bachelors in Interior architecture

MA in design strategy and innovation.

INSPIRATION

spatial components to the incubator centre rather than workstations and classes, what would it be?

Laser Cutter and CNC machines

foam modeling

NEEDS

the most important components to be added in the incubator center that can help into creating the best learning environment? Brainstorming spaces

have futuristic tables with attached screens and meeting tables that could be easily connected to your laptop

Social space where family members could be a part of it and could easily visit Quiet spaces creative minds like secret spaces that are hideouts for people who want to be alone

lab that contains 3d printers different sizes and types

Material library

depends on the prototype whether its final or a draft prototype creating organic shaped products

a guide that could choose for you the most suitable material for your suggested product.

OBSERVATION: Worcester’s Technocopia makerspace: Celebrating a wide range of technology, culture, craft, and education. In their 11,000 sq foot facility that offers common work space, rental bays, educational workshops for adults and youth, and a variety of shared tools and machine shops.[15][16] LOGO:

GENERAL OPEN SPACE:

-Workshop with an instructor.

-Students interacting. -Freestanding teaching method for moving around the space.

-Computer stations. -A mentor available for guidance.

-Happy hackers society meets monthly to discuss digital rights and privacy.

-Glass frame working. -Torches. - Safety glasses included in workshops. - Steel heavy using working table. - Ventilation pipes available.

- Equipment’s provided around the space for everyone who needs it.

- Extra space for renting. - Renters can leave their properties. DIGITAL FABRICATION LAB:

-Large laser cutter.

- ShopBot woodwork applications.

- The lab welcomes interns each year by - collaborating with companies.

THE DESIGN STUDIO:

- Prints making. - Sticker making. - Includes computer.

- Screen printing on fabric, papers etc… - Workshops with teachers.

-Vinyl cutter for making large stickers. -Different options of colors. -Laptop included for software using.

Classroom:

-White board. -Large working table -Free standing or chairs.

-this area is for technical classes where they teach them how to use machines software. - includes computers for students. -projector.

-Having large windows provides great daylight which has been studied in the previous article, if effects the productivity and improves quality.

Conclusion : In conclusion , in this chapter we have covered three main topics as a literature review , the first one is about design thinking and how would it affect users. Furthermore , the second article is about learning methods which made us recognize the difference between each method , and how the user would respond to it .The third article demonstrated what is a makerspace and the functionality of it thus, resulted in helping us understand the makerspace environment , the observation process was equivalent to the studied article. Moreover , we’ve concluded our data collection with three interviews that were conducted to help us understand the users more.

Chapter Three

THE MILLS FABRICA BY: JAWAHER ALHAMER

3.1 GENERAL INFORMATION General information

THE MILLS

The Mills fabrica is dedicated to creating techstyle startup success stories and building a global techstyle community. Its an open platform for innovation, facilitating collaboration between startups, brands, retailers, manufacturers, academic and research institutions and more Location Hong Kong

Designer/architect Thomas Chow Architects Ltd

Project year Area Mills 4 and 5: 2018 3,698 sqm Mill 6: 3,111 sqm Total: 6,809 sqm

Colour sc heme Monochrome with neon clash colours

Design elements and principles Rhythm , balance and details

Site Analysis

• Fire Station

• Playground

d • Chinachem Tsuen Wan Plaza

Location

North sign

Park Tin Par

Wind direction

Charging Parking

Sun path

Nearby Bus stops

Way to The Mills

It is based in a strategic buzzing location , where it has a parking lot near it . Bus stops are also nearby, which makes the building easily accessible. 57

Study of project components The mills fabrica project consists of three main components : - Hot desk - Fixed desk - Private offices

- Fabrica atrium - workshops

Event spaces

Office spaces

Shop

Fabrica space

Techstyle

Fabrica lab

Design Lab

Hardware Tech lab Fashion/ Textile lab

Office spaces : 1- Hot desk hot desks is a space that offers members the chance to experience the best of the techstyle community with options to choose the plan that best fits their needs to work, connect, exchange and share knowledge.

2-Fixed desk fixed workstation to enjoy a quieter and more permanent workspace with extra storage space.

3-Private offices Fabrica Space includes private offices with areas ranging from 26 to 45 square meters each accommodating teams of 8-10 persons.

Fabrica lab : Design lab

Fashion/textile lab

Includes CAD stations with the latest 3D design software and hardware including fashion design, fabric scanners, body scanners and a dedicated area for designers to experiment, test and work on their project's lab

Techstyle :

Fabrica Lab’s fashion lab has all the essential industrial sewing machines for the designs to come to life.

Hardware Tech lab

For creating prototypes, wearable project or accessory, with the use of 3D printing technologies, laser cutter, CNC mini milling machine

A shop that showcases the products made in the mills fabrica.

Project study

Zoning

Major and minor components

Atrium Hot desk Fabrica lab / workshop

Major

Meeting room

Services

Fixed desk WC

Major and minor components

Zoning

Minor

The common hall KOKO Cafe

Major

Offices Shops 60

Circulation

Bubble Diagram Atrium

Fixed desk

Hot Desk Fabrica lab

WC Meeting Room

The circulation is both used for staff and visitors

Strong connection

Visitors

Medium connection

Fire exit

Low connection

Bubble Diagram

Circulation

KOKO café

offices

Shops

Common hall

There are clear signs of fire exit everywhere directing people

Strong connection

Visitors

Medium connection

Fire exit

Low connection

Design Philosophy The design philosophy behind this project is that it combines three main elements that helps into creating the best workable environment .

Color scheme

Furniture

Material

Material The used materials are : - Concrete - Steel This Is to preserve the buildings identity because the building was originally a fabric factory Since 1960s and then converted to this amazing project

Color scheme

Furniture The chosen furniture is a combination of mobile furniture and fixed furniture To create the best environment for creators

The selection of color scheme Has neon colorful colors to improve The user's enthusiasm while working.

Study of user's behavior Who are the users and how they use the space

The users of the space

Clients

Employees Technicians

Incubators

Startups

General visitor

How are they using the space “At Fabrica we are building a center for inspiration and creating the techstyle startup success stories of tomorrow from our textile heritage. With the opening of The Mills Fabrica, we hope to inspire Hong Kong, the startups and develop the techstyle scene globally.” – Vanessa Cheung, Group Managing Director, Nan Fung Development Ltd & Founder, The Mills.

The atrium is Fully equipped for conferences, it can be rented by companies and organizations for events, conferences, workshops and all kinds of activities when combined with the multifunctional hot desk space.

The atrium also has fixed pantry that can turn into a bar in events where people could enjoy drinks , but in normal days it serves as a pantry

Four key elements of the mills fabrica The mills fabrica provides four key elements for techstyle startups.

Incubator

Fund

Space lab store

Community

Incubation They offer a 12-month incubation program with customized support including exposure , connection and business advice .

Space lab store

Fund

The company funds them from the begging till the end .

They offer a flexible event and coworking space. The space is fully equipped starting from rapid prototyping tools till final production machinery . Community The company is creating a community for entrepreneurs , investors , and experts . 64

Study of user's behavior Who are the users and how they use the space

How the users use the space Different facilities are used to accomplish the vision of incubating Startups into achieving their goals

Connection

Advisory

Equipment

Space 65

Study of user's behavior Who are the users and how they use the space The lobby has a lift that’s for employees which has privet access .Which serves as a security purpose for the users

There are two other lifts that also serves the users

The fixed desk area has lockers for employees to store their valuables

Phone booth area which can provide The user's privacy while using the phone,

The labs / workshops has all the equipment that can help the users In creating the desired design

Study of Interior Finishes and Furniture Workshops/fabrica labs These areas are Fully equipped with machines And design tools The furniture is easy to move And arranged in a way that Groups can work together.

Cutting boards are provided Color scheme monochromatic color scheme To give the sense of industry. Exposed ceiling, with huge ventilation ducts that helps in improving air quality and reducing the workspace unwanted smell, Adjustable height tables

Materials The common materials used are - Concrete for floors - Steel These materials are highly durable for workspaces

Chalk board for Creating inspiration and elaborating ideas

Storage unites to store the users work and machines and equipment which works As space organizer 67

Lighting Natural lighting provided by daylighting ( windows ) integrated within the interior space. Artificial lighting Spotlights, suspended pendant lights , track lights.

Offices

Study of Interior Finishes and Furniture Quiet workstations and more permanent workspace with extra storage space. Flexible office furniture , with desks and Chairs . Color scheme Monochrome with touch of yellow where yellow works to improve productivity .

Exposed ceiling, with huge ventilation ducts and suspended lighting, Large windows to give sense of continuity in interior spaces. Storage lockers for users to keep their belongings. Lighting Natural lighting provided by daylighting ( windows ) integrated within the interior space. Artificial lighting Spotlights, suspended pendant lights , track lights. Materials The common materials used are -

Concrete for floors Steel

That gives the feeling of industrial design and also the materials are highly durable Fire hose integrated within the offices. 68

Study of Interior Finishes and Furniture The atrium The atrium is a multifunctional area Where events , conferences can be held. Suspended ceiling ,with double height . Excessive use of steel Color scheme Monochrome with touch of yellow where yellow works to improve productivity .

Lighting

Natural lighting provided by daylighting ( windows ) integrated within the interior space. Artificial lighting Spotlights,

Techstyle Techstyle shop where displays products Done by startups . Color scheme Monochrome with neon purple color Which is visually appealing and eye catching Simple display unites to exhibit products Exposed black ceiling with track light

Screens that displays pictures Which emphasizes on the use of technology within the space

Case study one The Mills fabrica Positive o It has a strategic location where its in the center of the city . Furthermore , the country is basically supporting local production, so this makes it perfect for startups.

o Variety of workshops that suits different capabilities and interests .

o Diversity of machines in the space whether it's used for prototyping or in Designing .

o Techstyle shop has a positive impact For both the center itself and startups

o The existed building persevered the identity of original building

Negative

o The color scheme was a bit dull , it needed to add life into .

o The atrium would be better if it had leveled adjustable seating so people Could see .

o No acoustical panels to keep the unwanted sound , especially during events and lectures.

KENNEDY CENTER FOR THEATRE AND THE STUDIO ARTS BY: REEM ALHANNOUSH

KENNEDY CENTER FOR THEATRE AND THE STUDIO ARTS

3.2 GENERAL INFORMATION General information The Kennedy Center for Theatre and the Studio Arts is a 24-hour facility to reinforce this interdisciplinary program. designed as part of a collection of buildings around a reconstructed pond that will create a new arts quad at Hamilton college and help develop connections between the two sides of campus. Location Designer/architect Clinton, united Machado and states silvetti associates

Project year 2014

Colour sc heme Neutral with neon clash colours

Design elements: Line : vertical - horizontal texture : smooth - rough shape :geometrical masses Design principles Unity – repetition – balance – harmony 74

Area 89000 ft²

Site Analysis • Wellin Museum of Art

Location

• Hamilton college

Entrances

North sign

Parking +charging stations Noises Landscape

Loading dock

Wind direction Sun path

Way to The Mills

Great location near to multiple important functions, also it is connected to the university for an easy fast student’s access. 75

Study of project components The Kennedy Center components supports students from art, theatre and music departments, as well as mathematics, social sciences, physics and others, using digital media as a bridge between diverse areas of study.

Box office and coat room.

Lab theatre.

Woodworking and metals shops.

Flexible theatre.

Senior Project studio room.

Costume and scene shops. Performance studio/classroom.

Studio arts

Theatre

Prop storage.

Photography, printmaking, drawing and painting studios. Foundations studio arts classroom. Ceramics and sculpture studio.

Outdoor amphitheater. Dressing and green rooms with audio or video monitors for both theatres.

Audio and video production rooms.

Digital arts

Computer classrooms.

Individual soundproof audio and video editing rooms.

Exhibition gallery. Critique room (also used as a small exhibition space). Screening room

Technical specifications 1-Art ventilation systems. Workshop and studio spaces require high ventilation rates and large quantities of fresh air.

2-controllable natural lights. All studio spaces and classrooms are equipped with motorized shades to control light. Sliding panels in the drawing studio block light and provide a continuous pinup surface along the exterior wall when closed.

3-loading dock to move extraordinarily large or heavy packages in and out of the studios and theatre.

4-freight elevator access Freight Elevators are designed to move material between floors.

5-classrooms and storage. The need for each studio and workshop space to accommodate several classes during any given semester and the desire to maximize teaching time during scheduled class periods has placed an emphasis on efficient storage and quick cleanup solutions.

Project study

First floor plan

Second floor plan

Bubble Diagram

Building massing

Strong connection Medium connection Low connection

Zoning

Theatre

Service

Studio arts

Circulation

Exhibition Stars workshops

Project study Study of user's behavior CirculationWho are the users and how they use the space

The users of the space

Students

Faculty members

Existing building access

Lithography

Art majors Photography

How are they using the space The Kennedy Center for Theatre and the Studio Arts contains two flexible theatres and dedicated spaces for woodworking, sculpture, casting, painting, drawing, printmaking and studios for senior art majors. The building also accommodates lithography, etching, dark room photography, digital printmaking and a recording studio.

digital 1 Studio arts spaces are designed, equipped to support the wide range of studio and Level arts programs offered by the college, it is open 24/7 so students and faculty members can finish their work whenever. Service vehicle circulation Interior circulation Service vehicle circulation Main vehicle drop off

Level 2

The lobby which is the center of the building, connects the 2 wings together. Level 1

Sections

central screening room

intermediate scale ‘Barrett Lab Theatre ’for acting workshops is equipped with a wire rope grid, full control Flexible theatre Lab theatre booth and all of the technology to support a range of production formats.

Painting studio

Exhibition space

Design Philosophy Design Classroom where

students learn the drafting and model building skills The design philosophy for the Kennedy focuses on the student’s future to carry needed to design theatrical sets and Phone booth area which can provide The them strategies. into the light. lighting user's privacy while using the phone,

It is placed next to ruth and elmer wellin museum of art, and completes Hamilton’s dynamic arts neighborhood. With its material using of natural stone, concrete and glass, it is taking the approach of modern design. Professor of Music Sam Pellman describes the Kennedy Center’s two curved wings as

“arms reaching out to embrace all of campus.”

Green wall photography .

room

Studio Classroom is a small space designed to support small, student run programs and acting workshops.

for

Study of the exterior Design principles: unity – repetition – balance – harmony Design elements: Line ‘ vertical + horizontal’, texture ‘smooth + rough’ , shape ‘ geometrical masses ‘ Color scheme TAKTL UHPC panels – Custom Facade Cladding- precast concrete Planted trees, greeneries, pond for view and circulation Panels pattern study

Alcove Bluestone – Facade Cladding – New York State Quarries

Kawneer - Insulated Glass Curtain Wall

Study of Interior Finishes and Furniture Art studio

Art ventilation systems Track light

Free standing drawers Controllable natural light

Resilient epoxy flooring

Exhibition space Acoustical ceiling panels

Alcove Bluestone bricks Exhibiting walls Divided resilient epoxy flooring

Projection curtain

Study of Interior Finishes and Furniture Corridor

Curtains in studio for light blocking

Spot lights

Suspended gypsum ceiling

Glass curtain wall

Workshop

Track lights

Spot light

Large curtain glass

Magnetic block partition

Movable tables with hardwood tabletop 84

Site plan and landscape

Stage-pond relationship

Parking lot drainage

The Kennedy Center for Theatre and the Studio Arts

Case study two Positive

o Having an exhibition for the work made in the center, which will be beneficial and helps to improve the artists work.

o Excessive use of windows that provides daylight which effects the health and feelings of people. . o Durable selection of materials, movable furniture in the space for multifunctional use . o Easy access for the students to and from the university/ dorms.

o Art studios are well designed in a way to preserve paintings, colors etc..

o Careful attention is paid to the sound isolation of the shops from the studio art offices and classrooms.

Negative

o Lack of furniture and lounges around the center.

o Needs more colors.

o Mainly focuses on Hamilton college design students, which doesn’t make it a destination for the public.

Issues/ Elements in interior

Flooring

walls

Ceiling

Case study 1 (The mills fabrica) By Jawaher Alhamer

Concrete floors all over the space

Paint , curtain glass walls with steel structure .

Exposed ceiling Showing air ducts. Huge skylight .

Case study 2 Kennedy center for theater and studio arts By Reem Alhannoush

Epoxy concrete flooring

Paint , curtain glass walls , regional alcove bluestone

1-gypsum 2- exposed ceiling 3- acoustical panels 4-skylight

furniture

Space division

Major components

Combinatio Spaces are divided in Workstations n of desk a balanced way such as fabrica fixed and The minor lab , and offices loose components are near are highly flexible to each other like important in the furniture , shops and cafes space stackable whereas , furniture workstations and used in major components atrium are next to each other.

1-movable related spaces are furniture next to each other 2-fixed such as the studio auditorium which is placed next chairs to the exhibition, 2also the theatre is in Modernized the center of the office building which furniture connects the major components

Art studios and workshops , classrooms.

Chapter Four

4.1 Project components study This section outlines the major and minor components and services of the incubator center .

Major components A Workspaces There are several types of working spaces required for artists and designer’s incubators in order to enhance their productivity . CNC machine workshops: Referred to as Computer Numerical control machines, the machine uses a pre-programmed computer software that controls the movement of the machines in the process of cutting. It is considered very accurate as well as requiring far more less time. [36]

Figure 15: CNC machine workshop

Figure 16 : CNC machine workshop plan layout Woodwork workshops : These are workshops where different types of wood working are practiced such as woodcarving which requires the use of a cutting tool to form a figure of sculpture as a wooden object. There are also other types of woodworking such as woodturning, pyrography, scroll sawing, wood mosaics and construction related work such as furniture. [37]

Figure 17 : Woodwork workshop

Figure 18: Woodwork workshop plan layout

3d printing workshops : 3D printing is a manufacturing technology that turns a computer model file into a physical product. The method works by building up a whole thing layer by layer of material. The technology is used by manufacturers, engineers, designers, educators, medics and hobbyists alike for a wide range of applications. [38]

Figure 19 : 3D printing workshop Laboratory : Spaces with advanced technology that are operated by qualified technicians and includes the majority of the previously mentioned machines.

Figure 20 : Laboratory

Bookable workspaces : spaces that can be booked to be used by groups to interact and share thoughts and ideas or can be used as meeting spaces that are fully equipped for the needs of users.

. Figure 21 : Bookable spaces Dedicated desk : Is an office space booked for the same person where it has basic equipment’s and can work as a storage for his belongings. The space can be used for a long duration till the person finishes their project .

Figure 22 : Dedicated desk

Individual workstation :These are workstations that are included in each workshop, where the user is able to leave his work on that workstation and come back to finish working without the need of collecting and restoring each time.

Figure 23 : Individual workstation

Figure 24 : Individual workstation plan layout

Experiment rooms : These are rooms where products get experimented with user interaction and are also observed. In other words, it is where different tests are made on products to have an idea of what requires changing or whether the product is fully ready

Figure 25 : Experiment room Prototype workshop: where designers/ artists can experiment and implement ideas into tangible forms from paper to digital, building prototypes of varying degrees of fidelity to capture design concepts and products that will reach the right level.

Figure 26 : Prototype workshop

Research spaces Library : is a space where interaction between faculty and students happens to enhance research opportunities with the use of books , technology , and other resources to gain the needed knowledge. Library features spaces that can combine quiet areas , formal and informal areas that , discussion areas , individual and grouped spaces . [35]

Figure 27: Library Quiet thinking areas: participants and staff need quiet areas for thinking and creating ideas. This particular space would include : - informal space furniture layout to produce comfort for the user - Vending machines and coffee stations to evoke creativity

Figure 28 : Quiet thinking areas

Material library : “ If libraries are paradise for readers, materials libraries are paradise for designers.” Unai Etxebarria Material library is considered as an archive for materials that have been used in designing , and serves as a resource to designers by offering consultancy for choosing the best suitable material in designing a product

Figure 29: Material library

Figure 30:Material library layout

Research study area : participants can fulfill their knowledge in the research center that is filled with books, computers, and helping robots. It includes brain storming rooms, interactive learning technologies, experimental rooms for studies that will help them achieve and reach their goals.

Figure 31: Research center

Figure 32: Research center layout

Product photography studio : A space that features all the equipment needed such as cameras , lighting fixtures and displays that are suitable for capturing the best shot to help into advertising the art work and product or even capturing professional photos .

Figure 33 : Photography studio

Figure 34: Photography studio layout

100

Shops: offers merchandise from the center’s participants to support them, also as an income for both incubators and artists/ designers.

Figure 35: Shops.

101

Exhibition hall: it provides an exhibition and event platform to promote the products or services to a group that may have little or no knowledge of the participant’s services. They also offer an opportunity to meet existing and potential clients. Exhibitions can be considered as : - A space for the community where staff and participants can gather - A multifunctional space for juries

Figure 36 : Exhibition hall.

102

\Offices: private, open offices that are divided and categorized based on the center’s organizational chart. Includes collaborative workspaces, lounge/ staff rooms, kitchenette etc…

Figure 37 : offices.

103

Programable workshops: a multipurpose workshop that is designed to occupy needed machines for temporary workshop programs.

Figure 38 : Programable workshops Design studios: a room that is dedicated for designing purposes complementation’s such as sketching, sticker designing, silk printing etc…

Figure 39 : design studios

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Accommodation: Bedrooms dedicated for those who participated from another countries or needs to accomplish by working and staying in, this goes internationally with the title of Artist/ Designer in residence .

Figure 40 : accommodation

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Minor components Multipurpose hall : Also referred to sometimes as banquet halls, A multipurpose hall is a well-equipped venue that can host a wide range of events or activities. The hall can be used for a number of activities or events such as business meetings and seminars. [39]

Figure 41 : Multipurpose hall arrangements.

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Phone booth : a small room or compartment containing a telephone for public use to create privacy for the user that can also be used for other purposes such as: reading, working etc…

Figure 42 : Phone booth

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Game room/ lounge: communicating and socializing is a key for knowledge and improvements, also having fun in breaks will boost energy. There so, having social spaces is useful in an incubator center.

Figure 43 : Game room.

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Reception: It is located near the entrance where people can register or get information about the center and its offers. Part of it is for the waiting area whether people are waiting for an interview or event.

Figure 44 Reception

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Restaurant/ café and dining halls: can be joined as one or separated for public use, usually the dining hall offers food for participants and employees with special offers, while the restaurants are more luxury and can be used by the public.

Figure 45 : Restaurant/ café and dining hall.

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Outdoors: connecting with nature is really important for people’s health and mental state, by adding outdoors activates that can enhance incubator users experience such as: art installation, live exhibitions, participatory public spaces.

Figure 46: outdoor areas

Services: bathrooms, bedrooms, maintenance and electrical rooms, storage, heavy duty elevators etc… These are components that will complement the center’s facilities and functionality.

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4.2 USERS AND COMPONENTS: Understanding the different types of users helps to create different components within the user need and sort the zoning recording to the type of user

112

User study (User Persona (Instructor )

113

User Persona (Designer)

114

User Persona (Artist)

115

User persona (visitor)

116

User persona (administrator)

117

4.3 Organizational chart

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4.4 Functional relationship study Bubble diagram

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4.5 Area calculation SRL

NAME OF COMPONENTS

NUMBER AREA OF PER USERS PERSON

AREA PER SPACE

NO OF SPACES

TOTAL AREA

SOURCE FOR PER PERSON AREA

40 m2

80 m2

64m2

Nuefert Architect data Nuefert Architect data Based on previous research Based on previous research Nuefert Architect data Nuefert Architect data Based on previous research Based on previous research Nuefert Architect data Based on previous research Based on previous research Nuefert Architect data Based on previous research

MAJOR 1

CNC MACHINE WORKSHOP

WOODWORK WORKSHOP

3D PRINTING SPACE

4m2

32m2

64m2

LABORATORY

4m2

40m2

80m2

BOOKABLE SPACE

8m2

32m2

256m2

DEDICATED DESK

6m2

60m2

EXPIREMENT ROOM

4m2

16m2

48m2

PROTOTYPE WORKSHOPS

3m2

24m2

48m2

LIBRARY

2m2

140m2

QUIET THINKING AREAS MATERIAL LIBRARY

3m2

45m2

90m2

2m2

50m2

RESEARCH STUDY AREA

1.6m2

32m2

PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO

2m2

12m2

4 m2 4m2

120

SHOPS

2m2

80m2

EXHIBITON HALL

150

2m2

300m2

OFFICES

12m2

240m2

Accommodation

6.5m2

65m2

80m2

Based on previous research 300m2 Based on previous research 240m2 Office space standards and guidelines handbook 650m2 Based on previous research

MINOR 1

MULTIPURPOSE HALL

1m2

70m2

PHONE BOOTH

2m2

GAME ROOM/LOUNGE

2m2

60m2

RECEPTION

2m2

100m2

RESTAURANT

150

1m2

150m2

CAFÉ

1m2

20m2

OPEN OFFICE SPACE

2m2

10m2

CLASSROOMS

1.5m2

30m2

121

70m2

Based on previous research 8m2 Office space standards and guidelines handbook 120m2 Based on previous research 100m2 Based on previous research 150m2 Nuefert Architect data 40m2 Nuefert Architect data 30m2 Office space standards and guidelines handbook 60m2 Nuefert Architect data

MINI MARKET

1.2m2

Programable workshops

1.5m2

37.5m2

STATIONARY SHOP

1.2m2

18m2

12m2

Based on previous research 37.5m2 Based on previous research 18m2 Based on previous research

SERVICES 1

1.5m2

9m2

36m2

MAINTENANCE

1.4m2

2.8m2

MECHANICAL AND 2 ELECTRICAL ROOM STORAGE 1

1.4m2

2.8m2

1.4m2

2.8m2

Table 1: area calculation study Spatial component Area m2 Major 2294 Minor 645.4 Services 44.4 Circulation 447.57 Total area 3431.37 Table 2 : components pecentage Net area Circulation area Gross area

Percentage 66.85% 18.8% 1.29% 13% 100% 2983.8 447.57 3431.37

Table 3 : Net area cacluation

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Nuefert Architect data Nuefert Architect data Nuefert Architect data Nuefert Architect data

4.6 Design guidelines LIST OF INCUBATOR CENTER DESIGN GUIDELINES When creating a business incubator, it is extremely important to focus on a specific practice in the field, however, it is recommended to start from basics, and create design guidelines to stick with. Business incubators often fulfil a social function (“social elevators” for individuals or even companies), therefore it is extremely important to decide on the main source of financing from the beginning. The size of the incubator staff, the size of the incubation program, and the rules for admitting new residents (at what stage of the development of the project) will depend on financing source whether there is a restriction on industries, etc...

1-ORGANIZING SPACES: focusing on the zoning of areas and placements of them, for example: adjacent of workshops and studios for noise controlling, flow of movement between spaces.

Figure 47 : Elaboration of organizing spaces

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2-APPROPRAITE MATERIALS: to make sure by choosing the materials we support the functionality of the space, materials that are strong and tolerating for tables in workshops, labs, and treated materials for flooring and walls.

Figure 48 : suggested appropriate materials

3-COLORS: paying attention of what color scheme to choose makes a strong impact regarding the psychology and creativity of the users.

4-USERS NEEDS: providing the needed components for the users need by having multiple workshops to serve different practices with durable work surfaces, mobile storages etc… , materials and equipment. This also refers to their personal needs such as restaurants and services.

Figure 49 : User needs in the space

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5-TECHNICAL DETAILS: in a work space that requires having heavy equipment and installations, taking care of technical details of equipment placing and adjustments like drawings with correct installation methods is important whereas the moving and heavy using may affect the placement, therefor it also needs periodically checking.

Figure 45: Showing technical details

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Chapter Five

Introduction The chosen site is located at southern governorate , in Riffa . The chosen site is close proximity to a number of other schools and universities, which ensures a well-resourced location for visitors , with a variety of restaurants available . Alosra Supermarket in Riffa Views is the closest convenience store for all grocery needs and is within walking distance of the site . The site has a clear access to the main road which makes it visible for the users from a distance .

Graphical site analysis

Royal university for woman

Riffa walk Park

American university

Riffa palms Figure : the location

Awali cardiac center

Landmarks Bahrain formula is The most famous element located near the site, and the golf club as well is considered one of the famous landmarks.

Traffic Traffic only occurs during school rush hours

Landscape The golf club near the site has beautiful greenery and small ponds . Furthermore , the Riffa walk park has trees.

Adjacent spaces The site is located near Important adjacent spaces such as Riffa palms which has cafes and a supermarket . A couple of universities and a private school is near the location .

Wind

Noise Due to proximity of school areas noise is produced .

Wind mostly occurs from northwest .

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5.1Location analysis Location analysis the location is at southern governorate , in Riffa. It is considered quiet area and can be accessed from the main road . Furthermore , there’s important nearby facilities such as hospitals and Sofitel hotel . There are multiple activity options available nearby for thrill-seekers such as the golf club , Bahrain International Circuit and Bahrain’s biggest outdoor waterpark, the Lost Paradise of Dilmun Zoning : Building Location Commercial area Residential area Educational area

Analysis key : Wind direction North sign Sun path Noise FigureFigure 46:Location 1 : locationanalysis analysis

Access

Climate and orientation Bahrain features an arid climate. Where Bahrain has two seasons: an extremely hot summer and a relatively mild winter. The winter months are from November till march and the summer months are from April till October , Average temperature Winter months

14-27 C

Summer months

30-44 C

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On site characters The site has different types of plantation Such as palm trees , shrubs and desert crops .

Location at different timeslots The location during daytime has direct contact to sunlight without blockage by any high-rise buildings and the area is considered noisy in the morning . Furthermore, during daytime, the site has rush hours due to the educational buildings near it.

At night , the site lacks for streetlights to brighten the space . However, the area is very quiet during evening time .

5.2 Interior space analysis Interior space analysis The building currently is a healthcare hospital that consists of variation of facilities such as patient treatment rooms , laboratory's , staff room , conference rooms and other services components like toilets and maintenance rooms. What makes the building more interesting is that it has two small courtyards . Examination / treatment rooms

Examination / treatment rooms

Entrance / Reception

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5.2 Interior space analysis Interior space analysis the ceiling of the reception has gypsum type suspended ceiling which is added for beautification The flooring of the reception is covered with marble The lighting system is depending On spotlights only Figure healthcare reception Figure 247: : AlbaAlba healthcare Reception

The walls are painted with normal paint , the ceiling is covered by suspended ceiling which in some areas acoustical panels are applied . Vinyl type of flooring in treatment areas for hygienic purposes Figure 3 : Alba healthcare corridor

Treatment cubicles has separating gypsum type partition then covered with curtains to add more insulative element Vinyl type of flooring in treatment areas for hygienic purposes

Figure 4 : Alba healthcare treatment rooms

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5.3 Building analysis Building analysis Chosen plan : alba healthcare center

Figure 48: Alba floor plan

Figure5 : floor plan.

Size: 2880 m2 Shape: The size of the plan is 2880 m2, the building is used for a hospital, thus it is designed with a simple rectangular shape with 2 squares for a clear circulation, with an additional maintenance/ switch room outdoor. Overall shape- rectangular

Figure main plan Figure 6:48: mainAlba plan shape

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Type of structure:

Figure :49: structural Figure7 mainAlba planmain structural analysis.plan

analysis

Figure mainAlba plan main columns, levels. Figure8: 50: plan analysis

Columns and beams structure type: Column Shapes: This indicates how durable the building is, which leads to a flexible planning/ divisions of the areas while taking care of the columns locations.

Interior columns: Squares Size: 450*450 mm Exterior columns: Circular Diameter:600

Style of architecture/ interior: EXTIRIOR: contemporary Bahraini architecture that balances between traditional elements such as arches or the debossed rectangular shape on exterior walls, including modern comes by simultaneously “localizing” international ideas, materials and aspirations to suit local needs.

Figure 9 : alba main entrance, façade.

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INTERIOR: classic interior that represents the culture by including wood panels, geometrical lines on flooring.

Figure 10 : interior of alba.

Entry/ exit points: The main entrance is then divided into two waiting halls, one for alba staff and one for their families, the straight corridor takes the visitor to the back exit.

Figure 51:: main Alba access main access Figure11 of alba.

Exit doors around the building is distributed evenly for emergencies.

Figure exit Figure: fire 52 exitsAlba of alba. Service entrances.

Figure 53: Sercive Figure12 : service entrance entrances of alba.

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5.4Programming Programming analysis analysis((zoning) Zonning)

Maintenance

Offices / administration

Library

Accommodation

Outdoor activity area

Material library Product

photography

Lounge

3D printing workshop

Brainstorming

Café 1 Experiential Courtyard rooms

WC 2

Research center

Quiet thinking area

Product design incubator center

Courtyard

Design studios

Restaurant WC 1

Multipurpose hall

Shops Exhibition hall

Lobby / waiting area

Woodwork workshop

Phone booth CNC CNC Workshop 1 Workshop 2

Café 2 Entrance

Artists incubator center

Services

Multipurpose hall

Workshops/ studios

Lounge/ game room

Restauran t/ cafe Dining hall

Exhibition hall

Residence

Phone booths Quiet thinking areas

Research/librar y

Experiments rooms

shops

Reception/ registration

Café

Office area waiting Interactive learning

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Brain storming

entranc e

Conclusion 5.5 Conclusion When designing an incubator center, it is important to analyze, study the location chosen and taking into consideration the surroundings which takes a big part of how the center is going to be known or heard of. Also analyzing the building structure has a huge impact on how the functions, accesses or exits are going to be distributed and how functional the building is.

Negatives

Positive o Located in a low-rise buildings area which will make the incubator center clear to the eye on a street view. o Educational surroundings attracts students etc..

which

o The area is large which gives the freedom for extensions and future, landscaping etc.… And it is possible to create a tunnel or a bridge from the center to the surrounding universities.

o The rectangle shape of the plan gives us the opportunity to add masses, courtyards easily. o durable area that already have plants and trees which make it an ecofriendly area.

o Size of the plan is smaller than 3000 m2 so it may need extensions.

o The location is dim at night, thus extra lights are needed . o The building lacks for huge windows. o The fire exit doors are less compared to the opacity of the building , more doors should be added. o Shortage of parking lots o The landscape surrounding chosen plan is not well utilized

the

o More maintenance and service must be added.

o easy access to the site, therefore placing parking areas can be distributed for the users. o quiet area that suits the needs of designers and artists while working o The plan has two small courtyards which creates an interesting natural feature o The building materials are strong and durable that lives for a long time.

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Figures

Figure 1: qualitative research method. Figure 2 : Elaborating blended learning Figure 3: Showing the four different pattern layouts for blended learning . Figure 4 : Elaborating the Kolb’s cycle of learning Figure 5 : The process of self-directed learning Figure 6: Makerspace Figure 7 : different workspaces implemented with different colors. Figure 8 : Foam cutter Figure 9: 3D printer Figure10 : 3D Printed art work Figure 11: 3D Printed furniture product Figure 12 : Wood CNC Machine Figure 13 : Sculpturing in action Figure 14: Virtual reality tool. Figure 15: CNC machine workshop Figure 16 : CNC machine workshop plan layout Figure 17 : Woodwork workshop Figure 18: Woodwork workshop plan layout Figure 19 : 3D printing workshop Figure 20 : Laboratory Figure 21 : Bookable spaces Figure 22 : Dedicated desk Figure 23 : Individual workstation. Figure 24 : Individual workstation plan layout Figure 25 : Experiment room Figure 26 : Prototype workshop Figure 27: Library. Figure 28 : Quiet thinking areas Figure 29: Material library Figure 30:Material library layout Figure 31: Research center Figure 32: Research center layout Figure 33 : Photography studio Figure 34: Photography studio layout

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Figure 35: Shops. Figure 36 : Exhibition hall. Figure 37 : offices. Figure 38 : Programable workshops Figure 39 : design studios Figure 40 : accommodation Figure 41 : Multipurpose hall arrangements. Figure 42 : Phone booth Figure 43 : Game room. Figure 44 Reception Figure 45 : Restaurant/ café and dining hall. Figure 46: outdoor areas Figure 47 : Elaboration of organizing spaces Figure 48 : suggested appropriate materials Figure 49 : User needs in the space Figure 49: Alba main structural plan analysis Figure 51: Alba main access Figure 50: Alba main plan analysis Figure 52: Alba exit

List of tables Table1: Area calculation Table 2 : Components percentage Table 3 : Net area cacluation

144