31653959-Retrofitting-3-0-Domestic-Property-SusCon-RIBA-S-SE-Presented-to-Architects-Rev-3 by Jean-Yves Mesnil

www.greenspec.co.uk

02/06/2010

ÂŠ NGS 2006 Title

www.capem.eu

Retrofitting Practical Toolkit for Architects Rev 5 %%% RIBA South/South East, SusCon, SEEDA, ESF, BSSP; GreenSpec and ech2o 2010 Programme Sustainable Construction

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Twitter: http://twitter.com/brianspecman Founder of www.greenspec.co.uk E BrianSpecMan@aol.com B i S M @ l Facebook:

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Brian Murphy BSc Dip Arch (Hons+Dist) Architect by Training S Specification ifi ti W Writer it b by Ch Choice i Greening up my act since 1999

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1-6 Retrofitting P Practical ti l Toolkit T lkit for Architects Rev 5 %%% RIBA South/South East,, SusCon,, SEEDA, ESF, BSSP; GreenSpec and ech2o 2010 Programme Sustainable Construction

03/06/2010

ÂŠ NGS+ECH2O 2010 BrianMurphyCathHassellRetrofitting

www.greenspec.co.uk

02/06/2010

ÂŠ NGS 2006 Title

www.capem.eu

3 Retrofitting Domestic Properties Winchester: 19th May & Guildford: 20th May Brian Murphy of GreenSpec Cath Hassell of EcH2O

Retrofitting: Domestic Properties • • • • • • • • •

Design issues: Building Performance: ‘Sarah Beeny effect’ Domestic use patterns and design response Conservatories v Solar spaces Glazing issues Materials and methods, Insulation: Internal or external Party walls & Party floors, Internal walls Airtightness

Domestic use patterns: impact on fabric & services • Demands: morning and evening • Aged A d population: l ti 24 h hours h heating ti – Winter: cheap Spanish holidays • Fuel F l poverty: t 0h hours • Insulation, Insulation, Insulation • Smoothing S thi outt th the peaks k and d ttroughs h • Morning sun • Collect C ll t h heatt iin d day ffor use iin evening i • Expose thermal mass • Avoid A id d drafts ft 03/06/2010

Design issues: • 80% reduction in carbon consumption • Passive P i solar l design: d i – Capture heat in winter – Ventilate V til t in i summer • Exploit thermal mass • Passive P i solar l roofs f with ith Renewables R bl

03/06/2010

‘Sarah Beeny effect’ • TV presenter: • Series: S i d doing i h houses up for f profit fit – Setting up business to do more in future – Never N go beyond b d the th basics b i – Or profit margins eroded • We W h have tto gett b beyond dh her th then philosophy: hil h – Profit before Planet • Moving M i on ffrom S Sustainable t i bl enterprise t i – to Sustainable outputs • Now N does d ‘love ‘l match-making’ t h ki ’ website b it 03/06/2010 • But wrote a ‘Beeny Greenie’ guide

Achieving 80% is easy! UsableBuildings Bill Bordass

Current situation

100% today

Halve the demand

50%

((-50%))

25%

(-75%)

Insulation & Airtightness Thermal breaks Passive Design

Double efficiency Equipment Appliances

H l the Halve h carbon b In the supply/mains Get off mains supply

12.5% (-87.5%) Some time soon

Whole House Plan • 80% reduction target at end • If it can’t ’t b be d done iin one hit hit: – Phased/zoned approach • Phases: Ph – Insulation first, EcoBling last – Supports S t & Pipes Pi for f EcoBling E Bli in i first fi t phase h • Zoned: room by room – Spare S room for f d decanting: ti room b by room • Early services: – But B t iinsulated l t d li linings, i b before f kit kit, complete l t 03/06/2010 10 linings later

Space for insulation? • Victorian – Generous G rooms sizes, i – small rear extensions for bathroom & kitchens • Peabody estate – Generous flat and room sizes • Parker Morris standards – Rooms fit required furniture with no slack – Stores took all the slack • Post Parker Morris – Too small for most things • LTH, CfSH, DDA, PM+10% 03/06/2010 11 – Generous + dictated layouts, difficult

Space for insulation? • LTH, CfSH, DDA: – Bathrooms B th & Kitchens: Kit h – difficult if not impossible to lose space for i insulation l ti • Staircases not easy to move away from external t l walls ll • Difficult & very disruptive to add internal i insulation l ti • External insulation may be dictated 03/06/2010

Whole house replanning • If there is an opportunity to re-plan the use of th rooms off th the the h house ttake k it • Consider orientation – Consider C id which hi h rooms what h t tto b be on th the east, south and west – Bedrooms B d eastt nott westt – Living rooms south to south west • Simplify Si lif bathroom b th and d kitchen kit h plumbing l bi – Reduce hot water supply distances • Make M k room for f insulation i l ti 03/06/2010

Whole house insulation • Insulation continuity: No compromises • Thermal Th lb bridging id i – Heat will find a way out of there is one – Add th thermall b breaks k – Remove thermal brides – Wrap W up thermal th l bridges b id • Thermal bypass – Cavities C iti are places l ffor h heatt tto escape tto – Insulate all cavities – Insulate I l t all ll d ducts/housings/boxing t /h i /b i in i 03/06/2010

Whole house weather tightness • Draft lobbies on all external doors – Front, F t rear and d side id • Internal or external? – External E t l if possible ibl – Internal may create a cold bridge • Combine C bi llobby bb with ith solar l space? ? – Add solar gain absorbing walls and floors – Add th thermall mass tto th those walls ll • Glazing to trap the heat in winter • Ventilation V til ti top t and d bottom b tt to t ventt in i summer 03/06/2010

Conservatories v Solar spaces • Conservatories – Add to living space and get used all year – Often create a redundant space behind – Add to heating demands in winter • Most ((80%)) in UK are heated • Often open to house – despite the building regulations – Big energy drain – No ventilation 03/06/2010 • Add to overheating in summer

Conservatories v Solar spaces • Solar spaces – Are A solar l ttraps • Insulating glass to trap heat in winter • Once O warm then th let l t heat h t into i t h house – Surrounded by thermal mass • Absorb Ab bh heatt and d store t until til evening i – Windows in sloping and vertical faces • Cooling C li ventilation til ti iin summer – Can serve upper and lower floors – Used U d as weather th sheltered h lt d outdoor td space 03/06/2010 in winter

Window & Doors • New windows & doors to align with insulation • New N insulation i l ti to t wrap to t windows i d & doors d • External Insulation required windows set at outer t face f or reveals l iinsulated l t d as well ll as walls • Internal I t l Insulation I l ti required i d windows i d sett att inner face or reveals insulated as well as walls ll • A good window placed badly can perform as b dl as a poor windows badly i d placed l d well ll 03/06/2010

Glazing issues, • Thermal comfort – Aim Ai ffor 17 d degrees iinside id fface off glass l – Close (3 degrees) to room temperature – No N discernable di bl coolth lth down d draft d ft • Warm feet: – warm people l • Passivhaus accredited windows will achieve this thi 03/06/2010

Upgrading windows • Secondary glazing – Improved I d U value l – Improved thermal comfort – Improved I d airtightness i ti ht – Improved acoustics – Improved I d security it – Improved utility • Allow All original i i l window i d tto perform f as iintended t d d – Air leaky 03/06/2010

Refurbish windows • Replacement glazing • Improved I d U value l – Modify beading • Improve I airtightness i ti ht off sashes h and d casements • Refurbish R f bi h iironmongery • Refurbish counter weights • Redecorate: R d t Whil Whilstt outt off opening, i all ll round d • Remove years of paint jamming sashes 03/06/2010

Services & Void Insulation • • • •

As heating demands tumble H t water Hot t heat h t losses l become b very important i t t Cold water being warmed becomes important L Lagging i off pipes i seems to t be b difficult diffi lt ffor plumbers • Labour L b intensive i t i costt cutting tti opportunity t it • So fully insulate the voids they run in – nott th the pipes i • Every opening up must be insulated before closing l i 03/06/2010

Multi trades • Insulation – Renderers R d mustt llearn iinsulated l t d render d – Plumbers must learn insulating voids – Electricians El t i i mustt llearn iinsulating l ti voids id • Air tightness – Kitchen Kit h fitt fitters mustt llearn air i ti tightness ht – Bathroom fitters must lean air tightness

03/06/2010

Wall Insulation: • Cavity walls: “easy to insulate” – insulation i l ti iis easy b butt wholly h ll inadequate i d t • Solid walls: “difficult to insulate” – Internal I t l and/or d/ external t l insulation i l ti – Internal insulation and drylining – External E t l iinsulation l ti and d render d or cladding l ddi – Not difficult, just less easy

03/06/2010

(IllustrationCellular courtesy of the Architects Journal) glass (Foamed glass) Plant based insulation

Slag wool fibre insulation

Insulation Thickness • Different k values – Reducing R d i thi thickness k – High cost of thin insulation • Reasons R ffor choosing h i worse k value l materials t i l – Carbon Sequestration: plant based – Decrement D tD Delay: l d dense materials t i l – Moisture management: plant & wool based – Wind Wi d and d Air Ai Tightness: Ti ht d dense materials t i l • T&G jointed – Acoustic A ti performance: f d dense materials t i l 26

Where to thermally insulate External wall? • Cavity walls: in the cavity, – but not enough needs much more • Solid walls: – Outside: optimum exposed thermal mass • if architecture permits • If T&CP permits p • If not too many services and signs attached – Inside: hides thermal mass • If plan layouts permit – Kitchens and Bathrooms 03/06/2010 – If staircase not at external wall

Appearance • Older properties may have architectural merit • Terraces T may be b designed d i d to t be b seen as a terrace • Crumble C bl d details t il att eaves, corners and d openings may discourage over cladding and external t l iinsulation l ti • Internal skirting, cornice, dado, wall linings may discourage di iinternal t l iinsulation l ti 03/06/2010

Where to thermally insulate Roof? • Lack thermal mass: risk overheating – Add d decrementt d delay l tto protect t t ffrom summer radiant heat from sun • Insulation I l ti b between t rafters: ft cold ld bridge b id through insulation – Add iinsulation l ti above b th the rafters ft • Avoid insulation below the rafter – Prevent P t cold ld bridging b id i through th h insulation i l ti close to inside face 03/06/2010

Where to thermally insulate Suspended Ground floor? • Insulation between joists: cold bridge through i insulation l ti – Add insulation below the joists • Avoid A id iinsulation l ti above b th the jjoist i t – Prevent cold bridging through insulation close l ttowards d inside i id face f • Wind/air tightness important

03/06/2010

Where to thermally insulate Ground Bearing floor? • Insulation below floor: – Disruptive Di ti ffor occupants t – Expensive and Wasteful – New N concrete t floor: fl high hi h carbon b content t t – Keep insulation dry: use DPM to wrap it up – Exposes E th thermall mass • But what follows? • Does D it cover it up? ? – Expanded PS or Cellular Glass 03/06/2010

Where to thermally insulate Ground bearing floor? • Insulation above floor: – Potentially P t ti ll disruptive di ti for f occupants t • Relay carpets & other floor finishes? – Thickness Thi k iis an iissue • Thresholds or door modifications? – Hides Hid thermal th l mass • Needs to insulate well to compensate – VIP Vacuum V Insulated I l t d Panels P l • Modular: needs cut insulation at perimeter i t 03/06/2010 – Aerogel quilt or bonded to board

Party Floors • Hot air rises – Air-paths Ai th b bad d ffor airtightness, i ti ht acoustics, ti thermal and fire • Thermal Th l conduction d ti all ll directions di ti – Thermal bridges are bad for heat transfer and d acoustic ti ttransfer f – Thermal breaks are better • Acoustic A ti iisolation l ti and d iinsulation l ti – Offers some thermal breaks and thermal i insulation l ti 03/06/2010

Party walls • Are not neutral – Building B ildi Regulations: R l ti Assumes A they th are, – Acoustics takes priority – No N U value l required i d • this is going to change • Solid S lid walls ll – One person does not heat home • Steals St l heat h t from f neighbours i hb • Large Surface Area – Thermal Th l mass potentially t ti ll exploited l it d if nott insulated

Party walls • Timber frame – Building B ildi R Regulations l ti P Partt L permits it insulation in only one leaf – No N insulation i l ti from f 50% off fl flats t or h houses – Blown cellulose fibre into stud zone • Cavity C it walls ll – Stack effect chimney to roof, thermal b id att rooff llevell bridge – Heat could be collected and used 03/06/2010

Internal Partitions • Insulate them – To T stop t excess heat h t from f one side id warming i the other – To T stop t ‘kept ‘k t cold’ ld’ room(s) ( ) cooling li adjacent warmed room(s) – Fill hollow h ll partitions titi (blown (bl cellulose ll l fib fibre)) • Fit internal i t l d door closers l – Manage heat flow 03/06/2010

Airtightness • Dry trade: – Plasterboard Pl t b d and d skim ki can be b airtight i ti ht – But provides cavities for air to flow around in – Also air leaky at skirting and ceiling level • Wet W t trade t d – Plaster has greater prospect for being airtight i ti ht • Wet and dry – Plaster Pl t parge coats t are used d before b f 03/06/2010 37 plasterboard

Plasters: Material choices • Gypsum: lightweight, insulating, low thermal mass, low l h hygroscopicity i it • Cement: tough, high density, acoustic mass, th thermal l mass, impermeable, i bl water t and d frost f t resistant, high carbon & energy • Lime: Li moisture i t vapour permeable, bl • Clay: natural, hygroscopic, high moisture mass, high hi h d density, it high hi h thermal th l mass, absorbs smells, absorbs moisture, absorbs radiation di ti 03/06/2010

Airtightness Approach • Brown envelops wont achieve 80% reduction – Testing comes too late • Testing should occur before finishes – Test the building fabric • But airtightness awareness starts on day one – Design g it: Specify p y who fixes it – Educate the trades • Blower in user throughout the works that affect the external envelop and hollow constructions • Every drill or cut: air in your face 03/06/2010 39 – You made it, you fix it

Ventilation • • • • • • • • • 03/06/2010 •

‘Build tight ventilate right’ O Open windows i d in i summer Uncontrolled ventilation: loses heat in winter M h i l ventilation: Mechanical til ti constant t t llow power during winter <100 watts H t recovery: efficient Heat ffi i t is i essential ti l >85% 85% Passivhaus accredited MVHR is suitable Wh l house Whole h Whole house retrofit available too S Supply l via i h hall ll ceiling ili into i t rooms 40 Return via hall, WC, bathroom and kitchen

Heating: Radiators • Radiators – Existing E i ti radiators: di t below b l windows i d • External Insulation: – Add reflective fl ti ffoil il panels l tto wall ll – Or heat up the thermal mass too much • Internal I t l Insulation: I l ti – Radiators come off and pipes move – Opportunity O t it to t move – To internal partitions – But B t if they th are well ll very iinsulated l t d external t l 03/06/2010 41 walls it may not make much difference

Heating: Under floor or in-wall • Under floor heating – Disruptive Di ti tto iinstall t ll – Opportunity to insulate the ground floor • In I wall ll piped i d heating h ti – Insitu pipes and plaster – Boards B d with ith pipes i and d skim ki – Less disruptive to install – Internal I t l wall ll partitions, titi – Non-domestic: screens, furniture 03/06/2010

Case Study TSB Retrofit www.greenspec.co.uk

24/04/2010

www.capem.eu

• Peterborough

TSB Retrofit for a Future Project in Development Material Choices

03/06/2010

Flood Zones • Contrary to Government: – Don’t D ’t b build ild iin th them • Build above them if you have to • Contrary to EA advice: – Don’t design in sacraficial materials • You rely on your insurers • You rely on the refurbishment sector y for 3 or • The refurbishment sector is busy more months doing the neighbours repairs • You rely on waste sector & landfill capacity • Design to hose down and carry on as normal the 03/06/2010 44 day after the flood subsised

Flood Risk: Building • Accommodation to upper floors • Construction: C t ti – Avoid hollow systems: dylining, timberframe – Use solid walls walls, bricks/blocks bricks/blocks, render and skim – Avoid timber construction: vulnerable to moisture • Materials: – Avoid p permeable materials: Insulation – Water and Frost resistance: important – Ability to dry out: permeable assembly – Avoid water soluable finishes: clay 47

Flood Risk: Services: • • • •

03/06/2010

High level electrics above flood level Fl d valve Flood l to t WC Removable Covers for Air bricks R Removable bl C Covers ffor external t ld doors, gates t and windows

Retrofitting P Practical ti l Toolkit T lkit for Architects RIBA South/South East, SusCon, SEEDA, ESF, BSSP; GreenSpec and ECH2O 2010 Programme Sustainable Construction

Brian Murphy BSc Dip Arch (Hons+Dist) A hit t b Architect by T Training i i Specification Writer by Choice G Greening i up my actt since i 1999 Founder of www.greenspec.co.uk E BrianSpecMan@aol.com B i S M @ l Twitter: http://twitter.com/brianspecman S ibd www.scribd.com/brianspecman Scribd: ibd /b i

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