Wall-Flower by jeb adiah

Thanks to Kihong Ku

Bryson, Shane Focht, Scott

CONTENTS: [1.0] Curtain Competition [1.1] Shane Bryson Curtain Competition [1.2] Scott Focht Curtain Competition [2.0] Responsive Facade: Wall-Flower [2.1] Precedant Studies [2.2] Conceptual [2.3] Environmental and User Control [2.4] Mechanics and Reactivity [2.5] Structure [2.6] Arduino Processing [2.7] Interior and Exterior Experience

Open

Conceptual [1.1] InitialDevelopment Reaction Diagrams

Closed

Response Project to Movie Goals

Curtains in their natural state are free flowing and organic. Typically they respond to environmental conditions such as wind and sun. In this project, a curtain is much more than a free flowing piece of fabric. In Curta[in]teraction fabric is used to not only be a separator of space but also a responsive element to the inhabitants of the space. As someone approaches the curtain an infrared sensor is tripped thus setting a servo motor into action which then pulls the curtain and reveals an opening to which the person can walk through. This idea of opening and closing of curtains allows spaces to grow and shrink, and also creates a sequence of entries and exits.

Open

Conceptual [1.1] CurtainDevelopment Responsiveness

Closed

Model Project Photographs Goals

SHANES PROJECT

[1.1] Interactive Curtain Proposal

Interaction With User

MindCurtain. Scott Focht

Mutations within the System • The changing of the structure of a gene, resultingin a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations

An unexpected transformation that changes the flow of events (in this case, everyone benefits from the mutation)

Concept based off plot development from the film “The City of Lost Children”

[1.2] Conceptual Development

What? Curtains applied to glazing as an instillation on a facade Why? Curtains will improve buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy performance and overall comfort within the interior How? Users directly manipulate the curtains based on their current state of mind (users are the mutation); mood within the building revealed on buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exterior Why? Controlling the threshold to a room (window, door) can project different sensations within the interior How? Utilizing the properties of the curtain (flexibility, opacity, lightness)

Project Goals

Screen acts as a daylighting tool Summer months: When sun is present = shades go down, when sun is not present = shades go up Winter months: When sun is present = shades go up, when sun is not present = shades go down

[1.2] Physical Process

Sun = curtains down

No Sun = curtains up

Application on Facade

Transparency with Enclosure

Tension = Gaps and Reveals

Stretching = Bends

Relaxation = Enclosure

The screen adapts to user preferences; Over time has the ability to anticipate user comfort based of previous inputs

[1.2] Interior Adaptations

Transformative street side facade

Active Facade

Wall-Flower An Interactive Architectural Facade

Wall-Flower

How we interact with the objects and architecture around us is quickly changing. The advancement of technology and automated computer systems has brought us to a point where everything we do revolves around pushing a button or looking at a screen. So why canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t this technology make its way into architecture? The answer is: it can, and it will as we move further into the future. The goal of this project is to create a faĂ§ade system that can interact with not only the people who inhabit the building, but also with the exterior and interior environment. This is an experiment to see how architecture, industrial design, and the world of computer processing can blend to make one comprehensive structure. Interactive architecture is the next big step to creating more personalized, efficient, and better functioning buildings and no longer will architecture be so static and bound by the limits of unresponsive constructions.

[2.0] Responsive Facade: Wall-Flower

• User presence + reactive display = experience • Increase energy efficiency & user comfort • Harvest urban resources

Objectives

[2.1] Precedent Study

Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner present the Kiefer Technic Showroom, an office building and exhibition space with a dynamic facade that changes to outdoor conditions, optimizing internal climate, while allowing users to personalize their own spaces with user controls The shell construction of the facade: • consists of solid brick walls • reinforced concrete ceilings and floors • steel encased concrete columns. The facade consist of: • aluminums posts and transoms with protruding bridges for maintenance • EIFS-facade in white plaster • electronic shutters of performated aluminum panels.

Kiefer Technic Showroom 2007 Architect: Giselbrecht + Partner ZT GmbH Kinetic Facade

[2.1] Precedent Study

The stainless steel louvers have several functions that transform the façade to allow more or less light into the building. The 1,280 motorized elements can be closed to create a more solid enclosure, follow the position of the sun, or be entirely open to allow maximum solar exposure.

• 400,000 stainless steel lamellas/”feathers” • 3,150 routered stainless steel moveable stalks

• Move and breathe with the touch of a controller. • Direct natural light into tight interior spaces • Respond to the location of the sun • Enable light redirection without blocking the view

Q1 Building 2010 JSWD Architekten Sun Screen

[2.1] Precedent Study

Windswept is a wind-driven kinetic façade consisting of 612 freely-rotating directional arrows creating a large-scale observational instrument that reveals the complex interactions between the wind and the building. The wind arrows serve as discrete data points indicating the direction of local flow within the larger phenomenon.

“Our ordinary experience of wind is as a solitary sample point of a very large invisible phenomenon”

A 4’ x 4’ prototype panel fitted with 6 different arrow designs was mounted on-site for a year of testing The wind arrows are made of brake-formed anodized aluminum The panels had holes punched in a 12” x 12” grid pattern into which the installation contractor secured rivet nuts to accept the stainless steel axles

Windswept 2012 Charles Sowers Passive Movement

The same way heliotropic plants track and fold according to the position of the sun, The Wall-Flower tracks and folds in response to the inhabitants and surrounding environment. When closed the system will shade more than ninety percent of the glass faรงade and once open will allow more than ninety percent of sunlight in. This is a key strategy in optimizing the interior temperature of a building during the winter and summer months. During the summer the Individual Wall-Flowers will be closed to block the harmful UV rays out but open when a human presence is detected. This allows views out of the building to be virtually uninterrupted while at the same time keeping the solar gain to a minimum. The Wall-Flowers will then open up for the winter months allowing maximum solar gain to heat the interior space. When the sensors are tripped by a person, the nearby Flowers will then close blocking out any harsh, low angle light into the space. The panels also provide privacy for the inhabitant and can be controlled through a series of buttons. The individual flowers are made of a photovoltaic fabric which will harvest the sun energy and inject it into the building system as a renewable energy source.

[2.2] Concept

Closed

Open Hexagon geometry provides dicotomy of large surface area open and and small surface area closed

Open/Close Equalness

Track cursor position, Enlarge dots around cursor/Shrink dots around cursor

[2.2] Concept

float sizeGrid = 2; float scaleFactor = 1; int grid = 50; void setup() { size(1000, 500); smooth(); background(255); } void draw() { // set graphic parameters noStroke(); fill(100, 200); background(255); // set fill for second pattern fill(0, 0, 0, 255); ///// create second pattern for (int i = 0; i <= width; i += grid) { for (int j = 0; j <= height; j += grid) { if((i % 20) == 0) { pushMatrix(); scale(scaleFactor); fill(0, 0, 0, 50); my_Rot_Rect(i , j); popMatrix(); } else { pushMatrix(); scale(scaleFactor); translate(0, sizeGrid*10); fill(0, 0, 0, 50); my_Rot_Rect(i, j); popMatrix(); } } }

///// rounded rectangles fill(50); noStroke(); beginShape(); int v = 10; vertex(width-v, 0); bezierVertex(width-v/2, 0, width, 0+v/2, width, v); vertex(width, 0); endShape(); beginShape(); vertex(v, 0); bezierVertex(v/2, 0, 0 , v/2, 0, v); vertex(0, 0); endShape(); beginShape(); vertex(v, height); bezierVertex(v/2, height, 0 , height- v/2, 0, height - v); vertex(0, height); endShape(); beginShape(); vertex(width-v, height); bezierVertex(width-v/2, height, width, height-v/2, width, height-v); vertex(width, height); endShape(); noFill(); }

scale(100/g); fill(0, 0, 0, 255); float m = sizeGrid; beginShape(); vertex(11.547*m, 0); vertex(5.774*m, -10*m); vertex(-5.774*m, -10*m); vertex(-11.547*m, 0); vertex(-5.774*m, 10*m); vertex(5.774*m, 10*m); endShape(CLOSE); popMatrix();

void my_Rot_Rect(int x, int y) { pushMatrix(); ///// relate to mouse position int a = mouseX; int b = mouseY; float mx = map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, 40); float my = map(mouseY, 0, height, 0, 40); float g = dist(x, y, a, b); float g1 = dist(x, y, a, b); } if (g < 100) { g = 100; } float mx1 = mx + g; float my2 = my + g; float mx3 = map(mx1, 0, 1100, 5, 40); float my4 = map(my2, 0, 1100, 5, 40); ///// draw hexagon translate(x, y);

void my_Norm_Rect(int x, int y) { pushMatrix(); translate(x, y); float m = sizeGrid; beginShape(); vertex(11.547*m, 0); vertex(5.774*m, -10*m); vertex(-5.774*m, -10*m); vertex(-11.547*m, 0); vertex(-5.774*m, 10*m); vertex(5.774*m, 10*m); endShape(CLOSE); popMatrix(); }

Processing Script

Diaheliotropism • Faces perpendicular to the sun • Motion caused by motor cells below the flower • Pump potassium into nearby tissue

Energy Optimization

[2.2] Concept

Paraheliotropism • Diurnal sleep of leaves (light avoiding) • Associated with: • High light intensity • High temperature • Drought

Energy Conservation

Performance Goals

[Screen remains constant acting as sun shade] • Changes state according to season and time [User presence triggers “halo”] • Halo follows user [User deploys button] • Changes state along preprogramed sequence

[2.3] Sun Shade

Interior Movement (user)

[2.3] Direct Control

Panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material generates solar enery which is used to directly power the motors required for operation of the panels

Energy Harvesting

Studying folding properties of the hexagon, the mechanics of getting to it close, and the assembly of multiple panels

[2.4] Mechanics

Individual Panels

Facade System Hexagonal panels fold to create openings in the facade

Digital Motion

Panels grouped into clusters of four; reduces amount of motors and provides anchor point for structure

[2.4] Clustering of Panels

Breakdown of Action

Panels react to user presence on the interior, form â&#x20AC;&#x153;walking haloâ&#x20AC;? around user

[2.4] Detection of Users

Structural Assembly

Panels react to user presence on the interior, form â&#x20AC;&#x153;walking haloâ&#x20AC;? around user

[2.4] Detection of Users

Whether the Wall-Flower system is used on a new building construction or an old retrofit project, it will work the same way. Four individual Flower panels will be controlled by one servo motor mounted in the center. Infrared sensor will be located on the interior to track the presence of a human, which will then tell the panels to open or close. As a whole, the system will connect to the building by a series of tension cables. This was done in an effort to reduce the amount of connection points on the actual faรงade. This cable system will make it easy to construct the system on any building, whether it was built in the fifties or last month. Small steel pipes will be used as the main structure that will branch out and support each of the four Flower panels. These steel pipes will also house the cables that attach to the servo motor and allow the Flower to open and close.

Structural Assembly

[2.5] Assembly of Concept Model

[1] Aligning the hexagons

[2] Wiring the hexagons

[3] Mounting the servo pulley

[4] Attaching wires to servo

Low visability through panels

Open

High visibility through panels

Closed

Model Performance

[2.5] Assembly of Prototype

Performance Final Prototype Goals

#include <Servo.h> Servo myservo0; Servo myservo1; Servo myservo2; int sensorMin = 60; int sensorMax = 600; int sensorThreshmin =60; int sensorThreshmax = 600; int numReadings = 8; int readings[8]; int index = 0; int total = 0; int pin3 = 3; int pin4 = 4; int pin5 = 5; int average = 0;

void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); myservo0.attach(pin3); myservo1.attach(pin4); myservo2.attach(pin5); pinMode(2,INPUT); // set the pin 2 to input } void loop() { { int sensorReading = analogRead(0); //first IR sensor if (sensorReading > sensorThreshmin && sensorReading <sensorThreshmax) { int length = map(sensorReading, sensorMin, sensorMax, 0,180); //Servo 1 Serial.println(length); if (length>80){ myservo0.write(179); delay(300); } else if (length<=80){ myservo0.write(10); } }

int sensorReading1 = analogRead(1); //second IR sensor int length2 = map(sensorReading1, sensorMin, sensorMax, 0,180); //Servo 2 Serial.println(length2); if (length2>80){ myservo1.write(179); delay(300); } else if (length2<=80){ myservo1.write(10); } } int sensorReading = analogRead(0); //first IR sensor int sensorReading1 = analogRead(1); //second IR sensor int sensorAverage = (sensorReading+sensorReading1)/2; int length3 = map(sensorAverage, sensorMin, sensorMax, 0,180); //Servo 3 Serial.println(length3); if (length3>80){ myservo2.write(90); delay(300); }

else if (length3<=80){ myservo2.write(10); } int val = digitalRead(6); //read from the pin 2 //if (length4<80){ if(val==LOW){ //if the current is low (i.e. pressed) then myservo0.write(179); myservo1.write(179); myservo2.write(179); delay(300); } else if (val==HIGH){ myservo0.write(10); myservo1.write(10); myservo2.write(10); } }

Rotate servo 180 degrees when IR sensor reaches certain value, return to 0 degrees when IR sensor is below value; Rotate servo 180 degrees when button is pressed, return to 0 degrees when button is released

[2.6] Scripting

IR sensors

Arduino Mega Breadboard

Wiring for physical model

Servo motors

Wiring Layout

[2.7] Interior Partition - Privacy

Interior Partition - Open

[2.7] Ceiling Fixture - Blocks Light

Interior Light Control

Mounted as a ceiling fixture regulating how much light can enter a space

Ceiling Fixture - Allows Light

[2.7] Facade Display

Facade Display Transformed

Wall-Flower An Interactive Architectural Facade