Impact of Gestating Sow Nutrition on Piglet Birth Weight Under Philippine Conditions
PAUL R. L. HUBILLA MSC ANIMAL NUTRITIONIST
Background Litter size potential has increased in the modern
sow As litter size increase so do the percentage of small piglets This number is masked by the fact that we rely on average birth weight We have a poor understanding of this problem from the nutritional point of view We are overly focused on weaning weight
PLH Nutrition
Issues/Problems In the Philippines, gestation feed is the cheapest among all the
feeds given to swine We regularly assume that satisfying the energy and amino acids requirement regardless of the source of nutrients There is wide range of thoughts on how much the sow should be fed on a daily basis Transition feeding is dependent upon the sow transfer from gestating to farrowing pen Jourquin et al. (2016) reported that 1.13 kg is the threshold birth weight to ensure survival and growth potential In their study, the average number of pigs below the threshold weight is 17.5% based on litter size of 14.3 No mention on the possible causes
PLH Nutrition
Objective of this Study Main Objective Identify possible nutritional variables that have impact on low piglet birth weight
Secondary Objective Establish possible reference points in the formulation to improve piglet birth weight
PLH Nutrition
Data Set Data gathered between 2011 to 2015 Farms were located in Luzon and Mindanao There were 8 farms involved; population ranging from 600 to
5000 sows Litter data: ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
sow parity litter size gender of the piglets dates and individual weights (kg): birth + identification weaning (26 days)
Data gathered include breeding program, genetic base, gestation
feed and feeding program, lactation feed and feeding program
PLH Nutrition
Other Info Gathered All farms are employing the F1 x Terminal Boar to produce
the commercial fatteners Of the 8 farms involved, 5 were feeding gestation diet ranging from 2.2 to 3 kg/h/d (LDR) while the other 3 farms were feeding at a rate 1.8 to 2 kg/h/d (HDR) LDR - 2700 t0 2900 kcal/kg ME, 0.50% to 0.70% total lysine, starch content from 23% to 32% HDR- 2200 kcal/kg NE, 0.50% digestible lysine, starch content from 35% to 39% Gestation feeding last until day 100 or 2 weeks before farrow followed by lactation feed when transferred to the farrowing pen PLH Nutrition
Feed Details Gestation - diet fed at 2.2 to 3 kg/h/d has a metabolizable energy value ranging from 2650 to 3000 kcal/kg (LDR) - diet fed at 1.8 to 2 kg/h/d has a metabolizable energy value ranging from 3100 to 3200 kcal/kg or (HDR) - Lysine level range from 0.50% to 0.60% Lactation Metabolizable energy content ranged from 3200 to 3400 kcal/kg Lysine level range from 1.1% to 1.20% PLH Nutrition
Results Li*er Size Distribu1on of All Farrowings (2011-‐2015)
35.00
30.00
Average Li*er Size: 10.80
Percent
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Li*er Size Distribu1on
PLH Nutrition
10
11
12
13
14
15
Results Frequency Distribu1on of All Birth Weights (2011-‐2015) 25.00
20.00
Percent
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Below 1 kg
1.01-‐1.20
1.201-‐1.40
1.401-‐1.60
Birth Weight Group
PLH Nutrition
1.601-‐1.80
1.801&above
Results Effect of Li*er Size on Piglet Birth Weight Distribu1on 30.00
25.00
Percent
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Below 1 kg
1.01-‐1.20
1.201-‐1.40
1.401-‐1.60
Birth Weight Group Below 10
PLH Nutrition
11 & Above
1.601-‐1.80
1.801&above
Results Frequency Distribu1on Birth weight (Low Density Ra1on) 30.00
25.00
Percent
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Below 1 kg
1.01-‐1.20
1.201-‐1.40
1.401-‐1.60
Birth Weight Group
PLH Nutrition
1.601-‐1.80
1.801&above
Results Frequency Distribu1on Birth weight (High Density Ra1on) 30.00
25.00
Percent
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Below 1 kg
1.01-‐1.20
1.201-‐1.40
1.401-‐1.60
Birth Weight Group
PLH Nutrition
1.601-‐1.80
1.801&above
Results Effect of Diet on Frequency Distribu1on of Birth Weight 30.00
25.00
Percent
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00 Below 1 kg
1.01-‐1.20
1.201-‐1.40
1.401-‐1.60 Birth Weight
Low Density Diet
PLH Nutrition
High Density Diet
1.601-‐1.80
1.801&above
Results Impact of Diet and Parity on Frequency Distribu1on of Birth Weight 35.00
30.00
Percent
25.00
20.00
Gilts (LDR) Gilts (HDR)
15.00
Other PariJes (LDR) Other PariJes (HDR)
10.00
5.00
0.00 Below 1 kg
1.01-‐1.20
1.201-‐1.40
1.401-‐1.60
BirthWeight Group
PLH Nutrition
1.601-‐1.80
1.801&above
Results Trial was conducted to determine the effect of a very
high density lactating diet on piglet birth weight Lactating diet has a 2400 net energy and 1.1% digestible lysine Diet was given on the 91st day of lactation compared to the usual practice of day 100th. There are 2 gestation diets used: Low density ration (LDR)- 2800 ME 0.60% total lysine 2.2 to 2.6 kg/h/d ¡ High density ration (HDR)- 2200 NE 0.50% digestible lysine 2 kg/h/d starch level- NLT 38% ¡
PLH Nutrition
Results Farm B Gestating (LDR)
No. of sows
Farm W Lactating
Gestating(HDR)
Lactating
12
10
15
15
Avg. litter size
10.67
10.70
10.80
10.40
Avg. litter wt.
13.85
13.84
15.80
16.22
Avg. birth wt.
1.30
1.29
1.46
1.56
SD
0.32
0.30
.37
.35
Below 1 kg
23.36
22.66
11.73
6.41
1.01-1.20
22.43
30.47
13.58
7.69
1.201-1.40
26.17
17.97
22.22
19.23
1.401-1.60
14.95
14.06
12.96
17.31
1.601-1.80
6.54
7.81
17.28
22.44
1.801 & above
6.54
7.03
22.22
26.92
PLH Nutrition
Conclusion Birth weight is a function of litter size Parity effect on birth weight is dependent on diet density Diet has the biggest effect on the distribution of piglet birth
weights Diet performance effect can be attributed to difference in “starch” level of the diet Increasing lactating diet density has no effect on piglet birth weight from sows fed low density ration
PLH Nutrition
THANK YOU!
PLH Nutrition