Color Theor y Jessica Galdamez
CONTENT
COLOR + YOU COLOR + THEORY COLOR + DESIGNERS COLOR + PSYCHOLOGY + PERCEPTION COLOR + BALANCE COLOR + HEALTHCARE COLOR + RHYTHM COLOR + RETAIL COLOR + PROPORTION + SCALE COLOR + YOUR CAMERA COLOR + HOSPITALITY COLOR + RENDERING COLOR + CULTURE COLOR + CONCLUSION
4 14 18 32 40 44 48 52 60 64 82 92 96 104
COLOR + YOU
Background Born and raised in Los Angeles, California Mexican and Salvadoran Family; parents, younger sister, Honey and Bella Fluently read, write and speak English and Spanish Moved to Florida 10 years ago Became focused on design while finishing my associate degree in college
The desire to challenge myself and become a better version of me has impacted my path. I want to look back decades from today and see my growth. My family and friends are my supporters, they motivate me . My professors have pushed me to breaking points, questioned my ideas, and always make me think critically about design.
Bella
My four legged fur baby, she’s the definition of happiness. Bella is such a loving dog. Bella is brains and beauty. She has learned several tricks. Among them are playing dead, sit, stay etc.
Studies Florida International University School of Architecture and the Arts Accelerated five-year Interior Architecture program Associates Degree from College Fall 2017 Graduate 1 Art has always played a big role in my life, it’s more than an aesthetically pleasing piece of work. Art has been an escape and way of expressing myself. I have always wanted to be surrounded by creativity, critical thinking and working in collaboration with others. Why study design? I feel like Design completes who I am, it is the field that truly allows me to explore and fave fun. I’m excited about furthering my knowledge about design. I love the critical thinking behind it, the more I learn the greater my interest is.
Studio Design Studio 2 Artist House Ellen Gallagher
Design Studio 3 Concept Models Left: Book of Water Middle: Book of Games Right: Travelers Tales
Design Studio 4 Residential Project Left: Materiality Model Right: Spatial Model
Travel
I travel to vacation, to admire the breath taking landscapes and make new memories. I’m always amazed with nature and new cultures. Whenever possible I’m outdoors. I love exploring and meeting new people. I really enjoy museums, art exhibits, the beach and parks.
Hobbies Bella Beach Parks Museums Kayaking Jogging Painting Listening to music Sleeping Eating
Movies Dancing Do it yourself Socializing Photography Go carting Shopping Traveling Volleyball Sketching
Color Choosing one color is difficult. I love vivid colors, one of them is Coral. I feel like this color is alive and happy. Its common in many things such as flowers, art, food and my favorite, sunsets.
COLOR + THEORY
Color theory is the study and practice of a set of principles used to understand the relationship among colors. Without light, there is no color. What we can see is called visible spectrum. Hue, value and chroma are three dimensions of color. Primary Hues: red, yellow, blue Secondary Hues: green, orange, violet Tertiary Hues: red orange, yellow orange, yellow green, blue green, blue violet, red violet Chroma, the purity of color Value, lightness of darkness of a color Hue, pure color Tint: the addition of white to a hue Tones: the addition of gray to a hue Shades: adding black to a hue Types of color Mixing: Additive color theory applies to combining the three primaries of light; red, blue and green. Subtractive color theory applies to combining the three primaries of pigment; red, blue and yellow. Color Schemes: Complimentary Analogous Split complimentary Monochromatic Triad Tetrad
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Tertiary Primary
Primary Secondary
Additive Colors
Subtractive Colors
COLOR + DESIGNERS
McCormick Tribune Campus Center Rem Koolhaas, OMA
Timeline
1975 Returns to London, opens OMA.
1944 November 17 Rotterdam, Netherlands
2000 Koolhaas had completed projects in many countries, including the Netherlands, France, Portugal, Korea, Japan, and Germany.
1960’s Koolhaas pursued Filmmaking in Amsterdam 1968 to 1972 Architectural Association School of Architecture in London.
2003 Mccormick Tribune Campus center
1969 Koolhaas co-wrote a script called The White Slave, produced by Dutch director Rene. 1972 to 1975 Cornell University and the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in New York City.
Awards
2000 Pritzker Prize 2003 Praemium Imperiale
Rem Koolhaa
2004 Royal Gold Medal 2010 Leone d’oro carriera
MTCC Chicago, Illinois Illinois Institute of Technology, College of Architecture hosts competition in Sept. 1997 Koolhaas, OMA, captured the student traffic across the lot, which led to the organization of the buildings. They settled on a condensed one story plane that would promote an urban condition. Enclosing the tracks above the Campus Center in a mute stainless steel cylinder made it bearable for occupancy. It was quickly known by the students as the Tube, the train station becomes a compelling part of the Campus Center and IIT’s, image.
The “L” The consolidating component of the Campus Center is the roof. It is composed of a sloped concrete slab that insulates against the noise of the “L”. The roof has an elongated overhang supporting the adjacent Commons Hall, Mies Original student center. It now operates as a food court.
Honeycomb
Optimized day light Solar heat control Transparency and views
The use of color defines the space, and also brings attention to an area and or an object.
Color
The palette chosen for this project was meant to promote an overall positive experience, filled with illuminating colors. Through the use of materials such as polished finished, glass and laminates the entrance of light through a color of spectrum generates a change in environment within the building.
Red
Promotes energy, strength, power, and determination.
Orange The color that sums up the project. It’s associated with joy, warmth, increases socialization, enthusiasm, creativity, success, encouragement, determination, and an overall uplifting color. I also believe its almost the most prevalent color throughout the project.
Details
Yellow
Representing at atmosphere filled with happiness, positivity, clarity, energy, optimism, enlightenment, and joy.
Throughout the building large gathering spaces are in the color jade; center court, recreational area, grand staircase and ramp. However the ceiling is also jade, which I believe more than defining an area, it allows the entire interior space to be seen as a place for wisdom, balance and peace. This shade of green while remaining neutral also brings the exterior into the interior space.
Jade
A floating garden over the students’ cafeteria area, reflective ceiling.
Sloping inner garden that flows from the outside into the green cafeteria space.
A patio with a pine tree, reflecting its beautiful green color inside.
Conclusion The project was intended to become a unique welcoming center, where students wanted to spend their time. Quickly the Tube became appealing for them to be around and, it no longer kept them distant. The choice of materials made a tremendous impact on how the color palette was reflected throughout the space. And while color defined the environment it also changed the experience of each individual.
COLOR + P SYC H O LO GY + PERCEPTION
The Life of Pi
Film Summary
The story begins with a writer who visits Piscine Molitor Patel, while he resides in Canada. The writer was sent by a family friend, Mamaji, who was considered an uncle and the source of Pi’s full name. The writer requests that Pi tells him his story; a story that will make him believe in god. Pi’s story begins with his life in Pondicherry, India where he was born and raised. As we get background information about Pi, the camera pans through scenes of his homeland filled with vivid greens, yellows, and oranges. These colors along with the strong focus on nature help us draw a connection between Pi and his home. Pi explains that his family owned the animals in the city zoo. We are then introduced to religion which will play a significant role in the film. Pi mentions he was born into the Hindu religion and was later introduced to Christianity and Islam. Pi is fascinated with religion and practices all three. As Pi’s religious background unfolds, the film shows Pi in multiple religious settings depicting hues of blue, yellow, and green. This all serves as a prologue to provide background information to Pi’s journey, and the corresponding color palettes tied to those experiences. We then learn that Pi’s father makes the decision to move to Canada where they can sell the animals and have a new beginning. On the way to Canada, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, tragedy occurs as a storm sinks the Japanese Freight Pi and his family are on. The only survivors are a tiger named Richard Parker and Pi. The bulk of the story details Pi surviving 227 days on a lifeboat with Richard Parker. During this journey, is when we see the particular color palette and the affect it has on each scene.
Blues While analyzing the use of the blues throughout the scenes we see symbolization of faith, wisdom, confidence and stability. When Pi discovers Christianity he is not afraid to learn more and embrace a new religion. The blue interior represents the traits conveyed in this scene. In the scene below as Pi begins his attempt to survive he finds himself taking in his surroundings. Nearly every object in this scene is a shade of blue. This indicates how much wiser, and braver he will have to be to surpass this chapter in his life. This can also be viewed as a link to his outlook on religion. Even tough he is uncertain and is facing something unfamiliar he has faith and doesn’t lose hope.
The colors in these scenes depict a variety of moods and emotions, ranging from warmth and safety to possible peril. The intense red inside of the boat represents the constant threat at hand. Both the tiger and the raging ocean kept Pi on alert at all times. The yellow in the sun represent optimism and new beginnings. Every morning brought a new opportunity to find land, food, or resources.
Yellows to Reds The bright yellows and greens visible in the scene with Pi’s mother represent the same feelings of warmth and comfort that the sun brings in the form of oranges and yellows while Pi is stranded. Pi expresses similar emotions when talking about his interest in Islam and the inner peace that it brings. This connection to Pi’s faith shows that his “inner peace“ was essential when he was surrounded by anything but peace. He was able to stay sane in the most trying of moments.
In the movie, green continuously symbolizes life. During the introduction, when Pi’s family was still alive, his surroundings were filled with vibrant green tones. The first time green is presented after the tragedy is when he comes across the island. The abundance of green signifies the capacity to support life.
Greens The Island is able to provide life for both Richard Parker and Pi in the form of water, small animals, and edible plant life.The scene to the left shows the island glowing a bright green color as it comes alive and feeds. Adding to the connection between life and the color green.The green, visible in both Pi’s homeland and the island, is representative of a strong emotional feeling of safety.
Conclusion Life of Pi provides visuals that are both stunning and entertaining. More impressive than that, is the details the visuals are able to add the story. In a movie with only 1 character for the majority of the time, the use of colors assists in providing details that would have been awkward if provided by means of a 1 person dialogue. Pi’s dialogue provides you with an insight to his thought process on his journey, while the visuals and display of colors allow you to experience the emotional side of the spectrum. Beyond emotions, the mood for each scene is set using a specific color palette; whether it be a warm and encouraging morning, a gloomy day with a bleak outlook, or a bright green island giving the viewer a feeling of hope for both Pi and Richard Parker’s lives. The color palettes maintained a sense of energy, guiding you through Pi’s highs and lows. There is a scene where both Pi and Richard parker find themselves staring into the ocean, marveling at what they see. Watching the movie, you can’t help but to get stuck doing that yourself. The moments in awe combined with the raw emotion the scenes fill you with makes Life of Pi a truly unique experience.
COLOR + BALANCE
Balance is a general term used to describe the physical or perceptual state of equality or order of objects within a larger composition. Color balance is defined where harmony, peace, and connection can be made between the observer and that which is observed. During the color selection process, its important to organize your color palette by color weight and assign their location to maximize your effect of increased and decreased volume. The shape on an interior space should be divided into specific surface planes, vertical surfaces (walls) and horizontal surfaces (walls, floors, and ceilings). A general rule is that a room can contain as little as one color and should contain no more than five colors. Light colors need to be balanced with dark colors, highly saturated colors need to be balanced with dull colors and the intensity of colors must relate to one another to create a harmonious palette. Types of balance Symmetry; formal balance Asymmetry; informal balance Radial; radiating from a central axis Types of color balance Value Contrast; light or dark Hue balance; complements Intensity contrast; bright or dull Size of color area; large or small
C O L O R + H E A LT H C A R E
Goals
Strive to heal the patient Support the staff Engage with the family
Evidence-based design (EBD) has identified 12 aspects of a healing environment Single patient rooms Ergonomics Furniture arrangement Air quality Windows Way-finding Building layouts and zoning Access to nature Light – particularly natural daylight Floor materials Noise control Positive distraction through the use of aesthetics
COLOR + RHYTHM
Rhythm is a natural evolutionary trait in nature that can be transferred to interior spaces and can be further emphasized with color. Color rhythm primarily evolves through color contrast of high and low saturation achieved through hue sequence, value sequence, or multiple-color sequence. The stronger the contrast of color, the stronger the color rhythm. A color rhythm of more than three hues should be avoided due to visual clutter. The exception would be gradual succession of light to dark values. Wayfinding refers to physical awareness of one’s place or orientation. When using rhythm and hue highlight important architectural and interior elements, columns, coffered ceilings, and furnishings. Types of rhythm: Repetition; systematic orderly succession of identical elements Alternation; two design elements repeated in sequence Progression; repetition of similar elements with continuous change Continuation; placement of colors throughout interior space to create movement Radiation; color arrangement to unify design elements, creating visual movement in radial pattern
Alternation
Progression
Continuity
C O L O R + R E TA I L
Fo ca l Poi nt Before walking into the store your eye is caught by this display. It welcomes you, and gives you an overview of what you will find in the store, from purses and accessories to shoes and clothes. The design of the display is curvilinear, which contrasts with the other displays and shelves in the store. However this language is spoken by the some furniture and other accents such as pattern in rugs and small tables.
H ue This store is trying to make the consumer feel comfortable, their ultimate goal is to welcome the customer and take them back to when the company first opened. The palette for Coach consists of neutral hues. The majority are brown tones and shades. This palette grants the brand the liberty of expressing through design. The white and cream walls allow the brown tones of the shelves to stand out. Although the most evident contrast of hue is in the merchandise.
Value In Coach, most evident contrast of values are in choice of wood. Values change based on flooring, shelves and furniture. They transition in shape and form.
Tex ture To avoid monotony Coach uses texture to bring out the most contrast. It was also a perfect way to incorporate details that take the store to its origins. The bricks are meant take the store to SoHo, Manhattan where Coach originally opened its doors. The threshold created by the subway tiles when you walk in represent the subways in New York. The steel frames used for shelving are also the original design used back in 1941. Texture is also used as a form of boundary, carpet is used in three areas, all of which accommodate seating, the pattern is organic and goes back to the focal point of the store. Which invites you to become part of the space.
Color + Proportion + Scale
Scale refers to our relationship of the human body to objects, whereas proportion refers to the size and arrangement of objects with each other in an interior space. Scale and proportion are often confused however they can be used interchangeably but are not synonyms. Scale and proportion can enhance and alter the visual perception of our environment. Proportion of color should be considered in the context of the scale of the space and amount of lighting available. An intensely bright color will dominate, its crucial to use these hues for smaller areas of an interior space and assigning less saturated hues for large spaces. Key Elements: A color with the largest proportional area is the dominant color. Smaller areas are sub-dominant colors. Accent colors are those with a small relative area but offer a contrast because of a variation in hue, intensity or saturation. To create an accent, place small areas of light color on a dark background, or a small area of dark on a light background. If large areas of light hue are used, the whole area will appear light; conversely, if large areas of dark values are used, the whole area appears dark. Alternating color by intensity rather than proportion will also change the perceived visual mix of color.
COLOR + YOUR CAMERA
FLAMINGO GARDENS
This week I took the opportunity to get out and explore. I came across Flamingo Gardens. It was a beautiful encounter with nature. I really enjoy the outdoors and wanted to show that through this module.
COLOR + H O S P I TA L I T Y
MANDARIN ORIENTAL RTKL Associates Miami Florida
Galdamez
Hospitality
MO BAR + LOUNGE
VARIETY is the principle of design that is concerned with the combination of one or more color elements that use line, shape, texture, and/or pattern to create diversity and contrast in an interior space.
Mandarin Orientals main lobby includes Mo Bar + Lounge. It was very interesting to realize I was being put in a different atmosphere the closer I walked to the lounge. The music changed, it became calming and the space closed in. The palette was composed of earth tones, brown, orange and yellow hues. There was no rear wall, rather glass windows providing natural light and beautiful views. Wooden vertical sticks define the boundaries of the lounge, seating was arranged in small groups facing each other, and the chairs were informal. The texture of the carpets spoke the same language of the chairs, in shape and texture. The focal point was the bar, being directly in the middle of the room and centered along a column. The column become shelves for display. The shelving was done by creating pockets within the column. Line and color are what unifies the shelves, the column, and the furniture allowing the viewer to read it as a whole. A variety of geometric and organic shapes is seen throughout. The areas designated for socializing use organic shapes. While other areas such as the bar, ceiling panels, and the grand staircase all focused on linear shapes. Lastly the ceiling panels choice of color led your eye to the stair case.
Galdamez
THE SPA
The spa immediately makes you feel welcomed, the scale has been reduced, lights are dimmed, music is relaxing, and the majority of surroundings are composed of raw materials such as wood and stones. The space intends to make you feel comfortable, nothing of high contrast is placed here. I was able to identify the use of squares on the ceiling coffers, the outline of the door frames, the seating spaces and tiles in waiting area. The lines within the wooden floor have a texture that guide you down the hall. The reception desks have a texture created by the layering of wood, the walls on one side give the illusion of the same texture through small openings between the vertical panels. On the opposite wall, the wall paper has a texture that felt the same way the desk did on a smaller scale. I believe texture and shape were the unifying elements in this space. This palette consists of brown values, soft yellows and bluegreen tones. Scale refers to the size of a shape in relation to a given known, in most cases, the human body and its position within the space.
LA MAR La Mar at Mandarin Oriental is abundant in layers created by linear patterns working cohesively to establish an inviting space. Line is used as a form as way-finding, in this case, the reflective ceilings draw your eyes across the restaurant with physical and symbolic lines. The palette works harmoniously with brown values, a green-blue tone, and a modest amount of an orange tone. I believe the restaurant has two focal points; once entering the restaurant the bar welcomes you. The bar defines the seating area behind it and serves as a privacy wall. Adjacent to this area, there is a hibachi bar, that allows guests to enjoy a show while they await their meals. The hibachi bar, is a focal point as it is in the middle of the entire restaurant, seating is limited making this area exclusive. Unity is established with the use of the same color in the bar, the seating behind it and the display shelves along the window. Opposite of the main entrance, there’s glass windows along the entire wall, these have openings used for display, the interior of them share the green-blue tones. Pattern is the repetitive arrangement of shapes and colors in a systematic horizontal, vertical, diagonal, or organic sequence.
CONCLUSION
Mandarin Oriental is successful at making their guests feel welcomed and allowing them to have a different experience in every space. The brown hues, reinforced an inviting atmosphere, comfort and security. The spaces I had the opportunity to visit spoke the same language and focused on shapes, line, pattern and texture. Color harmony is the result of a pleasing whole, its the perfect balance between individual color relationships with no color standing out.
Galdamez
Hospitality
COLOR + RENDERING
My choice of palette is derived from an image that invites reflection. I like working with colors that provide a sense of calmness and elegance.
Accent 2
Dominant 1
Secondary
Accent 1
Dominant 2
The dominant color is gray which I believe is a timeless color its clean, and is associated with sophistication and being conservative. My choice for secondary color was a dusty rose, this color originates from pink. Pink comes from combining purple and red, purple meaning luxury and independence while red is often associated with love and energy.
Combination Color Scheme This color palette can be described as analogous and monochromatic color scheme. My choice of dominant colors are two values of gray, which I believe will make the space feel open and clutter free. The secondary color, a dusty rose will bring elegance and luxury to the room while still providing a sense of tranquility. The first accent color I chose has an underlying purple tone which I believe attracts your eye without overwhelming the space. The second accent color is a dull gray that I used to emphasize the window openings and baseboards. This assignment was fun and very helpful to complete. I usually struggle when choosing where to place the colors from my chosen palette, learning the 60-30-10 rule will really help me in future projects.
COLOR + CULTURE
MEXICO E L S A LVA D O R GREECE
M ex i co
Location: North America directly south of Texas Language: Spanish Population: 127.5 Million Currency: Mexican Pesos
Mexico, a color palette that ranges among bright yellows, greens oranges, purples and red hues. Well known for their handcrafted items such as ponchos, embroidered clothes among others. One of the strongest traditions that my family still celebrates are quinceaneras. Its commonly known for the party celebrating a birthday. However its more than that, a mass is hosted giving thanks for living until that moment and being able to transition from childhood to adulthood. Piñatas are my favorite of all traditions, piñatas are decorated figures stuffed with candy. And are also used to celebrate birthdays. They are broken by a blindfolded person,usually a child who is spun in circles a couple o times. The pinata is suspended in the air by a sting and swung around to make it all more fun. Mexico flag’s, green represents hope, white stands for purity, and red symbolizes the color of blood for those who have died fighting for Mexico’s independence.
E l Sa l va d o r
Location: Central America between Guatemala and Honduras Language: Spanish Population: 6.3 Million Currency: US Dollar
El Salvador’s color palette originates from its landscapes, ranging from volcanoes to the oceans and everything in between. Royal blue has a strong symbolic significance for El Salvador, from its flag to its crops. Mayan Indigo is cultivated by local farmers in volcanic soil and has traditionally been grown since the 1800’s. El Salvador widely known as the “Land of Volcanoes” due to its molten volcanoes. The blue in the Salvadoran flag signifies the two bodies of water, pacific ocean and Caribbean sea, while the white represents peace and prosperity. Traditions that my family still incorporate are their meals for the holidays. In El Salvador its traditional to eat tamales for Christmas. Its corn dough stuffed with meat, carrots, potatoes, olives and garbanzo bean, a special sauce which is all cooked inside of a banana leaf.
Gree c e
Location: Southeastern Europe Language: Greek Currency: Euro Population: 10.75 Million
Greece is the country I chose because it’s a whole new world. Everything is different, currency, language and its in a different continent. What I find the most attractive of Greece has to be its landscapes and architecture. I would love to be able to travel there and experience their culture. The Greek flag; the blue represents the sky and sea, symbolizing limitless opportunities. The white represents clouds and waves, symbolizing progress. The cross is the Greek Orthodox church. And the nine stripes are said to represent the number of syllables in the Greek phrase “Eleutheria H Thanatos”, usually translated as “Freedom or Death!”, a battle cry during the final revolt against the Ottoman Occupation.
CONCLUSION
Color is everything, it defines so much and its everywhere. I loved taking this course. It was such an eye opener, I never realized how color impacts our daily lives. One of my favorite things while taking course was going on the trips, Its so helpful; it just made sense. I think the most fun but most challenging modules were the retail and hospitality modules. I look forward applying the knowledge I’ve gained with this course.