11 minute read

Israeli Medal Recipients

By Avi Heiligman

Medals and citations are awarded by militaries worldwide for exemplary actions both on and off the battlefield. Every country has its own criteria, and those awarded are often given other benefits such as monetary awards in addition to a medal. Israel has several awards; here are stories of a few of the well-deserving recipients.

Chaim Neveh was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1933 and was being sent to Auschwitz when his mother pushed him to escape. He survived the rest of the war and made his way to Eretz Yisrael which was under the British Mandate. At the age of 20, in 1953, Neveh joined the IDF and two years later graduated from flight school. During the 1956 Sinai Campaign, he flew a P-51 Mustang and later transitioned to flying helicopters. Helicopters were a fairly new invention, and Israel was keen on acquiring the aircraft and training pilots to fly them operationally. Neveh became the operations officer with the 124 Squadron, which was the first Israeli helicopter squadron. The unit flew the Sikorsky S-58 that was mainly used for transport.

Under Neveh, the squadron was active during several operations and soon was fully coordinating training and missions with other units like the paratroopers. In 1966, Neveh was selected to command Squadron 114. It was called the Night Carrier Squadron and flew the more versatile Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon heavy transport helicopter. During the Six Day War, Neveh led the squadron in operations to and from the front lines. These operations included evacuation of wounded soldiers, transport of troops, and supplying those on the front lines. A year later, he flew on a dam-busting operation against Egypt and flew paratroopers to Beirut during a raid at the airport. For his actions and contributions in establishing the IAF’s helicopter units, Neveh was awarded the Medal of Distinguished Service.

The Israeli Medal of Courage was established in 1970 and is awarded for acts of gallantry during combat. Some recipients were given the medal retroactively, as was the case with Yishai Zimmerman for his actions during a raid against Egyptian positions in 1955. Zimmerman had joined the IDF in 1952 and was first assigned to a battalion in the Armored Corps. He then volunteered to join the ranks of Unit 101 which was formed in response to attacks coming from across the southern Israeli border. The unit was short-lived, and soon Zimmerman volunteered and accepted a position as an officer for the paratroopers.

Operation Volcano took place on the night of November 2, 1955. The Israeli victory was marred by six IDF soldiers that were killed in the raid. Zimmerman commanded a sub-unit sent to take over an Egyptian outpost but soon ran into stiff enemy resistance. The position was an Egyptian command post and included a mortar section. The raid soon ground to a halt as most of the officers and men were wounded and out of action. Zimmerman then became a one-man squad and assaulted the enemy’s position until the resistance was eliminated and the post was destroyed.

The next year, Zimmerman participated in the Sinai Campaign and later joined a paratrooper patrol unit. During the Six Day War, he was shot in the hand during an exercise with paratroopers during the Battle for Jerusalem. He was active during the 1973 Yom Kippur War as an officer in an anti-tank patrol unit that was sent to defeat the Egyptian troops near the Suez Canal.

Well after most soldiers retired from duty in the military, Zimmerman continued to serve. He was employed as a Merkava tank driver to transport the vehicles during campaigns as recently as Operation Protective Edge in 2014. He served with famous IDF personnel including Ariel Sharon and Meir Har-Zion and continued to serve in the IDF Reserves well into his 80s.

The Israeli equivalent of the Navy SEALs is the Shayetet 13 - Flotilla 13. Gadi Kroll was of the most decorated sailors to serve in the unit and received two medals. He joined the IDF in 1961 and went through rigorous training to become a naval special operator. During the Six Day War, Kroll was sent on a covert mission to a Syrian port, but the mission was aborted as the commander deemed it too risky. He commanded a squad during the Green Island in 1969 that was a part of the War of Attrition. Kroll threw a grenade against a gun position, and soon it was eliminated. Several other positions were taken out by Kroll, including a radar section that was a key part of the operation. He then helped the Israelis withdraw from the island by taking out several more enemy soldiers. For his actions during the raid, Kroll received the Medal of Distinguished Service.

Kroll was awarded the Medal of Courage for actions during the Yom Kippur War. Egyptian Kumar missile ships were present in the Red Sea and blocking the Israelis from undertaking raids in the area. Teams from Shayetet 13 were sent out in rubber boats to take out the Kumars, but the Israelis had to turn around before engaging the enemy. Kroll and Dan Uziali were then sent out as a dive team to try and reach the targets. Another dive team failed to reach the boats, but Kroll and Uziali managed to penetrate the harbor despite grenades being thrown into the water. They tried placing magnetic mines on the belly of the boat but the mines didn’t stick. They then made their way to the propellers and stuck the mines on, which caused significant damage to the boat when the mines later exploded. For his actions during the seven-hour mission Kroll was awarded the Medal of Courage. Kroll was involved in several other operations and in 1977 became deputy commander of the flotilla.

The IDF historically hasn’t awarded as many medals as other countries have like the U.S., but when they do, it is clearly well deserved. The recipients’ stories may not always make headline news, making them Forgotten Heroes.

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