ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
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JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
S I T E A N A LY S I S PA S SI V E DE SI GN M AT ERI A L S A ND C ON S T RU C T I ON ELECTRICIT Y AND TELECOM WAT ER A ND G A S S UP P LY WAT ER RE C Y C L IN G A ND DR A IN A G E A C T I V E HE AT IN G S Y S T E M S ACTIVE COOLING SYSTEMS HOME USER MANUAL FIR S T R AT E A S S E S S MEN T
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE C L IE N T S : T HE PAT EL S L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE
C L IE N T P RO F IL E : T HE PAT EL S An e lderly couple planning to move to ne w outer suburb next to C aroline Springs. They are of ten ill and therefore re quire exce llent he ating and co oling. The couple likes the ide a of an energ y effe cient house to save on energ y bills in the future. They babysit 14 grandchildren reg ularly and appre ciate the ide a of b eing able to zone off the house when the children are not around. The desig n for the Pate ls ’ house will re quire high standards of thermal comfor t, a ccompanie d by efficient he ating and co oling systems to re duce energ y costs. Passive strategies and solar p ower will assis with a chieving this standard. As the Pate ls babysit their grandchildren reg ularly, the house must b e desig ne d to a ccomo date large numb ers of p e ople at a time, while still b eing comfor table for the couple. Zoning will play a large role here. T HE SI T E The site for the Pate l’s ne w house is lo cate d in an outer western suburb in Me lb ourne. It has no existing vegetation on the prop er t y, giving exce llent opp otunit y for landscaping. The site also has a re lative ly gentle gra dient, allowing for e asy pla cement of ser vice lines. The a dja cent lots to the Pate ls are b oth double storey brick buildings, casting sha dow onto the sides of the prop er t y during the day. Issues of priva c y must also b e resolve d b etwe en the site. The stre et r uns e ast-west, with re lative ly low traffic due to its suburban lo cation . ORIEN TAT ION The Pate l’s house will b e p ositione d fa cing towards the stre et. The living ro om and kitchen are a are p ositione d to the nor th, in order to ma ximise daylight and solar he at suring win ter. Are as re quiring less light such as bathro oms and toilets are to the south. This allows the grandparents to sup er vise the children from inside the house if they are outside. Positioning the house in the centre of the site alleviates oversha dowing from neighb ouring prop er ties. It also provides generous amounts of spa ce for a front yard and ba ck yard, giving the children are as to play in during their visits. A setba ck away from the roa d also he lps to re duce danger from traffic . C L IM AT E S e asons De c -Feb : Summer Mar-Apr: Autumn Jun-Aug: Winter Se p -Nov: Spring
Temp er a tur e Me dium-high diurnal temp erature range Annual average high: 19 .8 Annual average low: 10.2
Rainfall Average annual rainfall: 648.3mm
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 20 0 AT A 3
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S I T E A N A LY S I S
SUMMER SHADING
WINTER LIGHT ACCESS
SOL AR ACCESS DURING THE YE AR
E AVE S
P ERG OL A AND T REES
In Me lb ourne, the wid th of an e ave should b e approxi mate ly 45 % the height of the window from the sill to the top of the wall . This allows for winter sunlight to enter the house while sha ding the house in the summer. A 30 % g ap has b e en lef t at the top of the window to prevent p ermanent sha ding.
A p ergola in the re ar of the house provides an are a to sit during warmer month . It allows the Pate ls to sup er vise the childern if they are in the ba ck yard. De ciduous climb ers provide sha ding during warmer month , while allowing for solar a ccess in autumn and winter. De ciduous tre es to the west of the site sha de the nor thern windows during the summer while they allow sun to enter the house in winter.
T HERMAL MA SS Walls in the building are a reverse brick vene er. This allows for the house to effe c tive ly uti lise the thermal mass of bricks on the interior of the house. A concrete slab underne ath the house provides thermal mass to the house, however the timb er flo oring mitig ates this to some extent. This tra de off is ma de for the comfor t of timb er, which would b e appre ciate d by the Pate ls and the children, who will b e sp ending large amounts of time on the flo or.
FULL CROSS VENTIL ATION
HE AT G AIN DURING DAY
VEN T IL AT ION S T R AT EGY Cross ventilation allows the Pate ls to co ol the house during summer without use of a c tive systems. Casement windows are use d as they are simple to op erate for the couple. Do ors which close off the living are a allow for zoning, which will he lp co ol down smaller p or tions of the house when the children are not around.
ZONED VENTIL ATION
HE AT RELE A SED AT NIGHT
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
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PA S SI V E DE SI GN
DOOR AND WINDOW SCHEDULE E X T ERNAL WAL L K na uf Ear th wo ol External Wall Batt R 4.0 140 mm thickness
CEIL ING
IN T ERNAL WAL L
Knauf Ear thwo ol Ceiling Batt R6.0 275mm thickness
Knauf Ear thwo ol Internal Wall Batt R4 .0 110mm thickness
T IMBER FLO OR Nullab or Sustainable Timb er Ironbark FSC Cer tifie d Sustainably source d Australian timb er has a low emb o die d energ y and do es not contribute to deforestation. It has a low thermal mass making it comfor t able to walk on as we ll as b eing e asily c le ane d.
CARP E T
D01 D02 D03
SOLID CORE WOODEN SWING DOOR HOLLOW CORE WOODEN DUAL SWING DOOR T WO PANEL SLIDING GL A SS DOOR
W01, W 02 , W 05 W03, W 04
TIMBER FR AMED CA SEMENT WINDOW TIMBER FR AMED AWNING WINDOW
G S-01
DOUBLE GL A ZING CONSISTING OF: 4 MM ENERGY TECH CLE AR TOUGHENED GL ASS 5 MM ARGON FILLED CAVIT Y 4 MM CLE AR TOUGHENED GL A SS
G S-02
DOUBLE GL A ZING CONSISTING OF: 6 MM ENERGY TECH CLE AR TOUGHENED GL ASS 12 MM ARGON FILLED CAVIT Y 6 MM CLE AR TOUGHENED GL A SS
Cave lier Bremwor th Esprit Leve l 4 ECS Cer tifie d Carp et in the b e dro oms provides com for t for the Pate ls and the children. A sustainable manufa c turer he lps to offset the pro duc tion costs. T IL E RO OF
Negrang Tiles 9004 Flo or TIle
LYSAUGHT KLIPLOK 700 ROOF SHEE TING
A g able ro of has b e en use d in the constr uc tion of the house. It is a simple, inexp ensive desig n with go o d we ather resistance. The e asy she d of water off the ro of allows for rainwater colle c tion.
BR ADFORD EN VIROSE AL PROCTORWR AP HTR KNAUF E ARTHWOOL CEILING BAT T S
WIND OWS ROOF DE TAIL Windows in the house are double glaze d to re duce he at transfer from the environment An argon cavit y and timb er frame have low conduc tivit y to fur ther enhance this effe c t. Low - e coatings on the internal pane refle c t he at ba ck into the build ing in winter. Flashing and ca ulking is applie d to the windows to we atherpro of and se al the building enve lop e. All windows have a U- Value of 2 .0 and a SHGC of 0.31. INSUL AT ION
Tiling in bathro oms provides a waterpro of and durable sur fa ce. A sustainable pro ducer has b e en use d for these tiles.
KNAUF E ARTHWOOL E X TERNAL WALL BAT T S BRICK SKIN
E x ternal walls of the house are insulate d to R 4 .0. This high leve l of insulation is desig ne d to re duce the ne e d to use a c tive he ating and co oling systems. Interior walls are insulate d to R 2 . 5 and the ro of to R 6.0. The side of the concrete slab is also insulate d to mitig ate he at loss to the ground. Air g aps in the exterior walls he lp to avoid themal briddging, as the air do es not conduc t he at we ll . K na uf Ear thwo ol batts have b e en chosen as they are ma de from 80 % re cy cle d g lass b ottles. They are also Australian ma de, p ossessing a lower emb o die d energ y.
M AT E R I A L K E Y
FL O AT IN G T I MB ER
CARPE T
CONCRE TE SL AB
htt ps : //w w w .knaufinsulation.com.au /pro duc t? sor t%5Bp opular%5 D=asc&material = Glasswo ol
SIDE SL AB INSUL ATION
TILE WALL AND SL AB DE TAIL ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
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M AT ERI A L S A ND C ON S T RU C T I ON
FROM TELECOM PIT
FROM ELECTRIC P OLE
L IGH TS LED lights have b e en chosen as they are an energ y efficient source of light. Their wide availabilit y and long life make them we ll suite d to the Pate l’s re quirements for energ y efficienc y. All downlights in the house will b e fitte d wtih in tensit y controls as to provide comfor table brightness leve ls.
FROM PV ARR AY
L IGH T ING CALC UL AT IONS
ANGLE OF SOL AR PANEL S
LED Downlights 1 8W p ower consumption 1620 lumens ma ximum output 16 interior lights 11 8 square meters flo or spa ce Average W/m 2 = (18x25)/118 Average W/m 2 = 3.8
T HER MAL BRID GING Thermal briding may o ccur at conne c tion p oints for e le c tric ser vices. Therefore, all outlets and lights are insulate d to mit ig ate he at loss due to thermal bridging.
B AT T ERY A Tesla Power wall has b e en se le c t e d as the batter y for the home. It has a capa cit y of 13.5kWh, supplying enough energ y for the Pate ls for the night or in case of emergenc y.
BROADB AND Broa dband has b e en installe d in the house to conne c t the grandchildren’s devices. It also provides a landline conne c tion for the Pate l’s home phone.
SOL AR PANEL CONNECTION
S OL AR PANEL S
BROADBAND CONNECTION
A 5kW solar pane l system has b e en installe d on the house. This system consists of 20 265 W pane ls. The energ y generate d from this system is sufficient to sig nificantly offset energ y costs for the family. It pro duces up to 26 k Wh p er day, enought for b oth the Pate ls and multiple children. htt ps: //ww w. solarchoice.net.au /blog /5 k w-solar-system-price-output -return/
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
04
ELECTRICIT Y AND TELECOM
TANK OVERFLOW TO LPD
FROM WATER MAIN
FROM G A S MAIN
HOT WAT ER SY S T E M Hot water is generate d by me ans of instantane ous g as water he ater. This allows for che ap he ating of water without the ne e d to maintain the water at higher temp eratures in tank , sav ing on energ y bills. Having many p e ople in the house will also incre ase water demand, there by making a continuous flow system suitable for the household, as hot water will not r un out like in a tank system. A p osition close the kitchen and master b e dro om will re duce the de lay time in re cieving the hot water.
INSTANT G AS WATER HE ATER
G A S DIS T RIBU T ION SYS T E M The g as line in the house is conne c te d to the hot water system and the kitchen stove. As g as is currently the most e conomical form of energ y. the Pate ls have chosen to use it in their house. This option can b e refitte d with e le c tic alternatives in the future.
WAT ER DIS T RIBU T ION SYS T E M Water in the house is a combination of rainwater and mains water. This allows the Pate ls to cut down on water costs by colle c ting water in a tank , inste a d of dire c tly piping it from the mains. As the family is of ten ill and cares for children, rain water is not use d for consumption and mains water is pip e d into the kitchen inste a d. R AIN WAT ER SYS T E M Rainwater is colle c te d from g utters on the e aves. This water is passe d through a set of filters to remove p ollutants and debris. It is then fe d to the house. A top up system from the mains water supply fills the tank when the leve l is at minimum. An over flow pip e car ries water to the LPD. A 5000L capa cit y tank lo cate d externally provides enough water for the Pate ls and the children , while allowing for e asy a ccess for maintainence and upgra dabilit y.
R AINWATER COLLECTION ( WE T SYSTEM )
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
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WAT ER A ND G A S S UP P LY
TO SEWER PIT
OVERFLOW TO LPD
SE WER SY S T E M Water from kitchen sinks and toilets is calle d bla ck water. This water cannot b e re cy cle d on a residential scale and is fe d to the se wer line. The standard 1 00 mm diameter pip e is gra de d at a minimum of 1:6 0.
TO IRRIG ATION SYSTEM
S TOR M WAT ER SYS T E M
PER ME ABLE DRIVEWAY STOR M WATER RUNOFF
Stormwater falling on the ro of is colle c te d as rain water and is dire c te d via downpip es to the rain water tank. Overflow of this system is dire c te d to the LPD. Stormwater falling on the landscap e is manage d by vegetation in the g arden and a p erme able paving cov er to the drive way.
GRE Y WAT ER SY S T E M Grey water is water collle c te d from sinks, washing ma chines, baths and showers. This water is filtere d through a grey water system and use d to water the g arden and flush toilets. This water cannot b e kept for more than 24 hours and af ter wards it is re le ase d to the se wer line. An a utomatic irrig ation system allows re duce d effor t for the Pate ls, while subsur fa ce distribution ke e ps grey water away from the children in the g arden. VEGE TATION
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
06
WAT ER RE C Y C L IN G A ND DR A IN A G E
AC T IVE HE AT ING SYS T EM
TO P OWER OUTLE T
As the Pate ls are e lderly and of ten ill, the qualit y of he at pro duce d from the a c tive system must b e high. A hy dronic pane l system linke d to an outdo ors he at pump allows for quiet, comfor table he ating without cre ating draf ts. The re a c tive time of the pane ls is not to o slow , suitable for the wide ly var y ing temp eratures of the Me lb ourne climate and its dir unal shif ts. The system is also capable of zoning, with indivi ual thermostats for e a ch pane l in order to control he ating in different are as. Although exp ensive to install , the system is also low maintainence, only ne e ding to b e purge d infre quently with no filters ne e ding cle aning. The he at pump is r un off e le c tricit y and is extreme ly efficient with high COP ratios. P V pane ls on the ro of are capable of supply ing p ower, thereby re ducing energ y costs. USE WI T H PA S SIVE S T R AT EGIES A we ll se ale d building en ve lop e will re duce he at loss to the environment. Insulation and low-e coatings will also he lp to retain he at by re ducing he at loss through the ceiling, walls and windows. The thermal mass of the building will assist in retaining he at at night. Zone control of the he ating works with the passive system of do ors which can b e op ene d or close d to fo cus he ating into different par ts of the house.
HYDRONIC PANEL OPER ATION
HE AT LOSS AND PEL ME T ON CURTAINS
PANEL P L ACEMEN T Hy dronic pane ls are pla ce d underne ath or close to windows to prevent condensation, prevent cold draughts as we ll as to provide an even distribution of he at. REFI T T ING T HE HE AT P UMP UNI T A he at pump is an efficient source of he at generation and the Pate ls may wish to utilise it more when they no longer ne e d to lo ok af ter their grandchildren. In this case, a hot water tank may b e fitte d to work with the he at pump, e liminating the ne e d for the g as water he ater.
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
HE AT PUMP OPER ATION
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A C T I V E HE AT IN G S Y S T E M S
FROM WATER MAINS
E VAPOR AT IVE C O OL ER The qualit y of the air pro duce d from the a c tive co oling system must b e of high qualit y for the Pate ls. An evap orative co oler works we ll in the dr y he at during summer, as it do es not output dehumidif ying air like a reverse c y cle air conditioner. The system is also re lative ly energ y effe cient and can b e r un off solar p ow er. The system re quires a r unoff to the stormwater drain as its water cannot b e use d domestically. Zoning is p ossible with the evap orative co oler, as duc ts can b e a c tivate d in various ro oms around the house. This strateg y use d a sig nificant amount of water, and so its use should b e limite d to extreme ly hot days. USE WI T H PA S SIVE S T R AT EGIES As windows ne e d to b e op ene d to use the evap orative co oling system, the passive ventilation built into the house will assist in disp ersing the co ol air evenly. Zone control through do ors can also re duce the ne e d to co ol ro oms which are not in use.
CEIL ING FANS Ceiling fans have also b e en installe d in the house to assist with ventilation. It will pass air over the skin, cre ating a co ol ing sensation, however it do es not change the temp erature of the ro om. It is a more e conomical option for when evap orative co oling is not re quire d. USE WI T H PA SSIVE S T R AT EGIE S Combination with passive ventilation strategies will incre ase the effe c tiveness of ceiling fans by sp e e ding up the rate at which co oler air enters the ro om. FAN SI Z ING
1200mm
Be dro oms - 10-20m 2 : 1200mm swe e p Living Ro om - 48m 2 : 2 x 1200mm swe e p
EVAP OR ATIVE COOLING UNIT
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE S C A L E 1 : 1 0 0 AT A 3
08
ACTIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE
09
HOME USER MANUAL
ENVIRONMEN TAL BUIL DING SYST EMS
JE TA N | 9 1 5 9 5 9 DAV ID RI T T ER | T 01 SEM 2 2019
PROJEC T: G AL AH HOUSE L O C AT I O N : O U T E R W E S T E RN SUBURB, MELBOURNE
10
FIR S T R AT E A S S E S S MEN T