CIVIL ENGINEERING Volume 1, N0 1
Date of the magazine: 07/03/2019
INDEX BUILDING MATERIALS BIOGRAPHY
PAGE 1
WHAT IS ESP?
PAGE 2
INTRODUCTION
PAGE 2
JUSTIFICATION
PAGE 2
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
PAGE 2
MIND MAP
PAGE 3
CIVIL ENGINEERING
PAGE 3
VOCABULARY
PAGE 8
PRACTICE
PAGE 12
CHAPTER I
PAGE 12
CHAPTER II
PAGE 13
CHAPTER III
PAGE 14
CHAPTER IV
PAGE 16
CHAPTER V
PAGE 18
GAMES ZONE
PAGE 19
PRONUNCIATION
PAGE 21
GALLERY
PAGE 22
GET IN TOUCH
PAGE 24
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MACHINES
BIOGRAPHY
PAGE 26
INTRODUCTION
PAGE 26
JUSTIFICATION
PAGE 27
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
PAGE 27
VOCABULARY
PAGE 28
ACTIVITIES
PAGE 32
CHAPTER I
PAGE 33
CHAPTER II
PAGE 34
CHAPTER III
PAGE 35
CHAPTER IV
PAGE 36
QUIZZEZ
PAGE 37
GALLERY
PAGE 38
CONTACT
PAGE 39
CIVIL ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND RISK MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
PAGE 40
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
PAGE 41
AREAS OF STUDY
PAGE 41
GEOLOGY
PAGE 42
PURPOSES
PAGE 43
RISK MANAGEMENT
PAGE 45
RISK M. PROCESSES
PAGE 46
STAGES OF RISK M.
PAGE 47
RISK METHODS
PAGE 48
OTHER TYPES OF RISK M.
PAGE 48
QUIZ
PAGE 49
ACTIVITIES
PAGE 49
GALLERY
PAGE 50
REFERENCES
PAGE 52
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
BIOGRAPHY My name is Jhonatan Ramirez, I am 21 years old and I live in Bogotá exactly in La Aurora neighborhood. I am studying bachelor’s degree in English at La Gran Colombia University and I am in sixth semester. I am very grateful to the Interdisciplinary English field for giving me this opportunity to continue growing professionally and increase my knowledge.
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
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CIVIL ENGINEERING WHAT IS ESP? ESP is a field of teaching English language which focuses on developing communicative skills in specific discipline such as: 1) EAP - English for academic purposes. 2) EOP - English for occupational purposes.
3) EBP - English for business purposes. 4) EPP - English for professional purposes. 5) EVP - English for vocational purposes. ESP students are generally adults who already have knowledge of the language.
INTRODUCTION
JUSTIFICATION
This magazine has been designed for civil engineering students of La Gran Colombia University, where they will find vocabulary related to one of the most important fields of their discipline “Building Materials� used in carrying out projects.
This topic is carried out for current and future civil engineering students of La Gran Colombia University, with the objective of acquiring a wide English vocabulary through an interdisciplinary magazine to entail a better academic training and work performance in the future.
The topics that will be addressed are related to different materials that can be implemented in the works, the characteristics and which materials have more resistance and durability.
This magazine will be meaningful for students because they will learn English vocabulary related to building materials and what type of materials should be implemented in the works for better resistance.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE To increase the vocabulary about building materials for civil engineering students from La Gran Colombia University.
Click to watch the video about ESP.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING MIND MAP
THE MOST IMPRESSIVE CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS OF ALL TIME
BURJ KHALIFA Kind: Skyscraper. Style: Modern. Located: Dubai. Height: 828 meters. Floors: 163. Building date: 2010.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA Kilometers: 21.200 kilometers long. Height: 6 to 7 meters. Width: 4 to 5 meters. Located: China. Building date: 221 B.C Height: 828 meters. Floors: 163
HOOVER DAM Kind: Dam Located: United States. Height: 221 meters. Building date: 1931-1936.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE Kind: Suspension Bridge. Length: 2,7 kilometers. Width: 28 meters . Located: United States. Building date: 1933.
BROOKLYN BRIDGE Kind: Suspension Bridge. Length: 1825 meters. Width: 26 meters . Located: United States. Building date: 1883.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
THE MOST IMPORTANT CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS IN COLOMBIA
BOGOTĂ AIRPORT Airlines: 26. Located: Colombia. Building date: 1959. This airport has been nominated as one of the most important in South America.
CARTAGENA CONVETION CENTER Width: 20.000 m2. Located: Colombia. Building date: 1981 to 1982. It is one of the most important convention centers in South America.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA RUTA DEL SOL Length: 1.071 kilometers. Located: Colombia. Building date: 2016. With this project, the passage of goods between Bogotรก and the Caribbean region will be speeded up.
EL Tร NEL DEL OCCIDENTE Length: 4,6 kilometers. Located: Colombia. Building date: 2006. It is the longest and most modern tunnel in South America.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
MEDELLÍN METRO Stations: 63. Trains: 27 . Located: Colombia. Building date: 1995.
BUILDING MATERIALS VOCABULARY
AGGREGATES
ARTIFICIAL STONES
“Aggregates are the materials basically used as filler with binding material in the production of mortar and concrete. They are derived from igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks or manufactured from blast furnace slag, etc.” (Duggal, Pag, 181).
"Artificial stone is made with cement and natural aggregates of the crushed stone and sand with desired surface finish. Suitable colouring pigments may be added. This building material can be moulded into forms, cast into any size, reinforced to have higher strength". (Duggal, Pag, 81).
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
BRICK
CEMENT
“One of the oldest building material brick continues to be a most popular and leading construction material because of being cheap, durable and easy to handle and work with. Clay bricks are used for building-up exterior and interior walls, partitions, piers, footings and other load bearing structures”. (Duggal, Pag, 10).
“Cements in a general sense are adhesive and cohesive materials which are capable of bonding together particles of solid matter into a compact durable mass”. “Cements used in construction industry may be classified as hydraulic and non hydraulic. The latter does not set and harden in water while the hydraulic cement set and harden in water and give a product which is stable”. (Duggal, Pag, 144-145).
CERAMICS
CLAY
"Ceramics refer to polycrystalline materials and products formed by baking natural clays and mineral admixtures at a high temperature and also by sintering oxides of various metals and inorganic substances having high melting point". "Ceramics are usually hard and brittle and are in the form of amorphous (non-crystalline) or glassy solids". (Duggal, Pag, 391).
“Clay is the most important raw material used for making bricks. It is an earthen mineral mass or fragmentary rock capable of mixing with water and forming a plastic viscous mass which has a property of retaining its shape when moulded and dried”. (Duggal, Pag, 9).
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONCRETE
ICE
Concrete a composite man-made material, is the most widely used building material in the construction industry. It consists of a rationally chosen mixture of binding material such as lime or cement, well graded fine and coarse aggregates, water and admixtures (to produce concrete with special properties). (Duggal, Pag, 244).
Ice was used by the Inuit for igloos, but has also been used for ice hotels as a tourist attraction in northern areas that might not otherwise see many winter tourists. (Mishra, S,F).
METAL
PLASTIC
“Metals are aiming the most useful building materials. They exist in nature as compounds like oxides, carbonates, sulphides and phosphates and are known as ores. Metals are derived from ores by removing the impurities". (Duggal, Pag, 356).
"Plastics are made from resin with or without fillers, plasticisers and pigments. These are organic materials of high molecular weight which can be moulded to any desired form when subjected to heat and pressure in the presence of a catalyst". (Duggal, Pag, 411).
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
SAND
STONE
“It's a natural product obtained from pit, river “Stone has been defined as the natural, hard subbeds, shores, sea beds, etc. It's composed of sili- stance formed from minerals and earth material which are present in rocks”. ca (SiO2). There are two types of sands: Natural Sand: Obtained from pit, river and sea bad. Artificial Sand: Formed by decomposition of stones due to various weathering effects”. (Bhimani, Pag, 56-57).
"Stone has been used in the construction of most of the important structures since prehistoric age. Most of the forts world over, the Taj Mahal of India, the famous pyramids of Egypt and the great wall of China are but a few examples". (Duggal, Pag, 52).
THATCH
WOOD
"Thatch is a roof covering made of dead plant material- other than wood. Grasses and palm leaves are the most widely used materials; many other, such as seaweed, herbaceous fibres and large levaes provide roofing material for traditional building in some countries". (Hall, Pag, 1)
“Wood is a hard and fibrous substance which forms a major part of the trunk and branches of a tree. It can also be defined as a natural polymeric material which practically does not age. Wood as a building material falls in two major classes— natural and man-made”. (Duggal, Pag, 91).
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
In this learning zone you can find and practice some activities related to building materials. The main purpose of these activities is to enhance and develop English skills in civil engineering students such as:
READING
LEARNING
WRITING
ZONE
CHAPTER I VOCABULARY ACTIVITY I Study and read the building materials that are in the magazine.
LISTENING
SPEAKING
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER II READING SKILLS
Once the building materials have been studied by the students, they will be able to practice and improve their reading skills in this area because there will be interesting activities.
Key Words - Aggregates - Artificial Stones - Brick - Cement - Ceramic - Clay - Concrete
EXERCISES
WORD SEARCH Students have to resolve the following word search. In that game, students will find some words about building materials as: wood, metal, clay, brick, etc.
For this activity, click on the image.
- Ice - Metal - Plastic - Sand - Stone - Thatch - Wood
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
FLASHCARDS
LEARN
STELLAR
CHAPTER III
WRITING SKILLS
Key Words - Aggregates - Artificial Stones - Brick - Cement - Ceramic - Clay - Concrete
In this chapter students will be able to practice and improve their writing skills.
- Ice - Metal - Plastic - Sand - Stone - Thatch - Wood
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
ACTIVITY I What is my house made of? Students have to identify what materials their house is made of and describe the characteristics of each of them.
For this activity, click on the button.
DRIVE
ACTIVITY II Building materials in the wonders of the world. Students should investigate what materials the following wonders of the world are made of.
For this activity, click on the button.
DRIVE
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXERCISES
WRITE
GRAVITY
CHAPTER IV LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS
Key Words - Aggregates - Artificial Stones - Brick - Cement - Ceramic - Clay - Concrete
- Ice - Metal - Plastic - Sand - Stone - Thatch - Wood
In this chapter students will be able to practice and improve their listening and speaking skills.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
ACTIVITY III Wonder of the world Students should investigate one of the wonders of the world and talk about how it was built and what materials were used for it.
For this activity, click on the button.
EXERCISE Students have to relate the building materials with their respective pronunciation.
For this activity, click on the image.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
EXERCISES
MATCH UP It is simple, students have to type what they hear.
For this activity, click on the buttons.
SPEEL CHAPTER V Final Test: Do the following test
about building materials to identify how much you learned about the subject.
Would you like to practice your general English knowledge? If you are interested, click on the image.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GAMES ZONE In this zone, you can find and practice some games related to building materials. There are many funny and interesting games for you.
WORDSEARCH
MATCH UP
PUZZLE
SCRAMBLE
STELLAR
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GAMES ZONE In this zone, you can find and practice some games related to building materials. There are many funny and interesting games for you.
FLASHCARDS
LEARN
WRITE
SPEEL
GRAVITY
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GALLERY
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
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GET IN TOUCH Name: Jhonatan Ramirez. Email: jramirezs@ulagrancolombia.edu.co Contact number: +57 3219499070. University: La Gran Colombia University.
If you have some questions about building materials for civil engineering. Let me your information and comments.
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BIOGRAPHY
She is Kimberly Tatiana Argüello, she is 21 years old, she is from Bogotá and she is studying bachelor’s degree in English at La Gran Colombia University. Besides, she is in sixth semester. She would like to thank to the university and teacher for this opportunity.
INTRODUCTION
In this magazine civil engineering students of La Gran Colombia University will find some vocabulary related to machinery used in engineering works for realization of projects. They will find some important aspects as the type of machines, the different functions they have according to the work that will be carried out and the most common ones used in the works.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
JUSTIFICATION
The main objective about this magazine is to provide to civil engineering students a dynamic and interactive learning strategy where they will learn English vocabulary to improve and complement their academic performance. This topic was chosen due to the importance of knowing vocabulary related to machinery, the functions of each construction machine and in which works the most appropriate ones should be used, because to civil engineers is essential to know what type of machines should be used during the construction of projects because those machines could affect their carrying out.
OBJECTIVE
To enhance the vocabulary about heavy machines used in construction for civil engineering students from La Gran Colombia University.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
VOCABULARY
BACKHOE LOADER
BULLDOZER
It is used in small demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging holes/excavation, landscaping, breaking asphalt, and paving roads.
It is used fitted to push large amounts of soil, sand, dirt or other materials when construction or remodeling and usually push on the back with a claw mechanism to loosen denselycompacted materials.
CRANE It is generally equipped with an elevator, ropes or chains and sheaves that can be used both to move and to lift and lower materials horizontally. It is mainly used for heavy lifting and transport to other locations.
CONCRETE MIXER It is a device that homogeneously combines materials and the mixing occurring during transport.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
DUMP TRUCK
EXCAVATOR
It is used for the transportation of various loose materials such as sand, earth and gravel.
It is used to move large objects or excavate, consisting of a boom arm, stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform.
FORKLIFT
FRONT LOADER
It is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials.
It has a front-mounted square arms to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GRADER
It is commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt or gravel roads they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed on or to finish grade prior to the construction of large buildings.
HYDRAULIC HAMMER EXCAVATOR It is used for demolishing concrete structures or rocks.
PAVER
ROAD ROLLER
It is used to lay asphalt on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such places.
It is used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations, similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCRAPER
SKID STEER LOADER
It is a piece of heavy equipment used for earthmoving and is used in mining, construction, agriculture and other earth moving applications.
It is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments.
TELEHANDLER
TRENCHER
It has versatility of a single articulating boom that can extend forwards and upwards from the vehicle and can provide lift heights to 50 feet or more.
It is used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or electrical cables, for installing drainage, or in preparation for trench warfare.
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ACTIVITIES
Here, you can find some games to download in your mobile phone. Please, click in the picture for download the game.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER I
First, do the Jewels of Wisdom Game, and match the machine image with the correct Word . Then, do the Trash Game, and put the right words in the indicated place. Finally, do the word search and find the machines words.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
LESSON I
Start doing the Hangman Game, guessing the machine word. After that, do the Memory Game, turning over the two cards, and if the two cards match, you have a point, if you can not, keep trying.
CODE TO PLAY: hofdbdfbikfb
CHAPTER II LISTENING SKILLS Do the Match Game and relate the machine image with the correct word.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER III WRITING SKILLS
Do the activity, writing the correct answers.
Now, write the machines you see in the pictures down.
Do the crossword, writing the words in the indicated spaces.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHAPTER IV READING SKILLS
Do the activity reading the text and selecting the right answers.
In this activity, you have to read and match the use with the name of the machine.
Now, read the text down, "Reason to Buy".
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
QUIZZEZ PRE-TEST
Do the quiz to identify how much you know about machines that are used to build in civil engineering works.
POST-TEST
Now, do the quiz to identify how much you learned about machines with this activity.
Would you like to practice your general English knowledge? If you are interested, click on the image.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GALLERY
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONTACT
Name: Tatiana ArgĂźello. If you have some questions about machines for civil engineering. Contact her for more information and comments.
Email: karguelloe@ulagrancolombia.edu.co. Contact Number: +57 3155414372. University: La Gran Colombia University.
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INTRODUCTION
In this century you could see amazing constructions around the world as bridges, hotels, parks, stadiums and the tallest buildings in the history. If you don't know how to prepare the floor in a pertinent way for a build, you will destroy a magnificent creation and the most important thing, you have the responsibility to keep people safe of everything, including natural disasters. In this magazine civil engineering students of La Gran Colombia University, will find some vocabulary related to what geotechnical engineering is, and why it is important.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
WHAT GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING IS? Geotechnical engineering is the science that explains mechanics of soil and rock and its applications to the development of human kind. It includes, without being limited to, the analysis, design and construction of foundations, slopes, retaining structures, embankments, roadways, tunnels, levees, wharves, landfills and other systems that are made of or are supported by soil or rock.
AREAS OF STUDY
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Engineering properties of Soils. Environmental Geotechnics. Stability of Earth Structures. Rock/Soil Structure Interaction. Wave Propagation and Seismic Methods. Soil and Rock Slope Stability. Contaminant Transport and Waste Containment Systems.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY
Geology is the study of the Earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical changes that occur on its surface and in its interior, and the history of the planet and its life forms.
Any civil engineering project has to take into account the following aspects.
Investigation of geological structure of the related area. Investigation of earth surface. Investigation of subsurface of earth. Ground water condition of that particular area. Seismic condition of that region and study the last 60 years seismic detail. Lithology of the area.
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MAIN PURPOSES
Geotechnical engineering is responsible to protect public safety EARTQUAKE by designing civil infrastructure during earthquakes.
Geotechnical engineering is responsible for UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES the design and construction of tunnels, subways, and underground facilities.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
DAMS
Geotechnical engineers are responsible for the design, construction, maintenance and monitoring of thousands of dams that are providing water storage and leisure areas to millions.
DEEP EXCAVATIONS
Geotechnical engineers are responsible to ensure the stability of deep excavations, by Shoring.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
RISK MANAGEMENT
WHAT RISK MANAGEMENT IS?
Risk Management is the process to identify, evaluate and mitigate risks to increase the project's likelihood of success. Risk Management starts early in the project lifecycle in selecting the 'right' project to implement during design and construction.
WHAT A RISK MANAGEMER DOES?
A Risk Manager is someone who builds a riskaware culture so the different groups delivering the project recognize the risks and develop plans to manage them.
Also, risks change during the project and the risk management process must be dynamic, closing mitigated risks, identifying new ones, and communicating the status across the project team.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Planning for risk management: Decide how to approach, design and execute the risk management processes for a project. Risk Identification: Identify risks that may affect the project and documenting their characteristics.
Qualitative Risk Analysis: Prioritizing risks for further analysis or further action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. Quantitative Risk Analysis: Probabilistic analysis of the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives.
Risk Response: Developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project objectives. Risk Monitoring: Monitoring of identified hazards, checking residual behavior, identifying latest risks, executing response plans risks, and evaluating their effectiveness throughout the project life cycle.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING
RISKS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PROJECT
Financial risk: This risk is the totality of all risks that relate to financial developments external to the project that are not in the control of the project developer.
Political risk: The project may be negatively affected by acts of the contracting authority (Government), another agency of the government or the host country’s legislature.
Legal risk: It is the risk of non-compliance with legal or regulatory requirements. Much of the law is general and will apply to all organizations.
Environment risk: These are risks relating to occurrence of environmental incidents during the course of implementation of the project.
Force majeure risks: These risks are regarding the events that are outside the control of any party and cannot be reasonably prevented by the concerned party, such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones and typhoons.
Operational risks: Operational risk can be defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events
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RISKS IDENTIFICATION METHODS
Questionnaires' or Checklists
Interviews
Expert System Human-Computer
OTHER TYPE OF RISKS Internal risk:
External risk: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Resource risk. Project member risk. Construction site risk. Documents and information risk.
Project risk: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Time risk. Cost risk. Work quality. Construction risk. Technological risk.
Political risk. Economic risk. Social risk. Weather risk.
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FINAL ACTIVITIES
WRITE
TEST
MATCH
SPEEL
ENGLISH
Do the following test to identify how much you learned about the subject.
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GALLERY
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES 1. 2. 3.
Building Materials. S.K. Duggal. 2018. New Age Third Revised Edition. Career profile: Risk Manager. Institution of Civil Engineers. Retrieved from: https:// bit.ly/2IUnGWl. Civil Engineers. 2018 Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2jRwGum .
4.
Civil Engineering Courses. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2ytnJRt.
5.
Civil Engineering Degrees. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2PEqhCE.
6. 7.
Definition - What does Clay mean?. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2On88wC . Geology for civil engineers. Kadir DİRİK. 2015. Retrieved from: https:// bit.ly/2NMnYNV. Geotechnical Engineering & Geomechanics. University of Colorado Boulder. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2TyqQ65. Importance of geology in construction and prevent the hazards. Satya Prakash. 2015. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2H44EuN. Las obras de infraestructura más importantes del país. Portafolio. 2016. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2AaEWjF. Materials of construction. Priyank Bhimani. 2014. Retrieved from: https:// bit.ly/2PtYG74. Most Impressive Civil Engineering Projects of All Time. Cobalt Recruitment. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2A9NG9D. Must-Have Earth Moving Construction Heavy Equipment. Rodriguez Juan. 2018 Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2CS2vAm.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. New Equipment. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2Ckkjmx. 15. Risk Management in Civil Engineering Projects. Zulqarnain Iqbal. 2016. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2C9i98x. 16. Risk Management in Construction Industry. K. Kamane and A. Mahadik. 17.
Risk assessment of construction projects. Kazimeiras, Turskis and Tamošaitiene. 2010. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2VIonni.
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18. The History of Ice Construction. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2SoeASg. 19. Types of Building Materials – Properties and Uses in Construction. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2J7zCiO. 20. Type of Equipment use in construction. 2015 Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2PDqzd5. 21. Thatching a handbook. Nicolas Hall. 1988 - London. Retrieved from: https:// bit.ly/2yJy1gi. 22. What is thatch?. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2QQMeP4. 23. What is artificial stone?. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2IVI1qG. 24. What is civil engineering?. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2hvC6M4. 25. What is Geotechnical Engineering. Marc Ballouz. Retrieved from: bit.ly/2x1muHx. 26. What is my house made from?. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2IVn4w3 27. https://pixabay.com/es/. 28. https://unsplash.com/.
https://