Yao Portfolio 2022 by Jingyuan Meng

2022

Yao

2 Portfolio

Re s

in Liv

rci

Organic Wastes

cat i l p p

M a t erial izing

ion

Building Fabrics

Manufacturing

Building Material

Digital Fabrication

CIRCULAR DESIGN FOR TEMPORARY BUILT ENVIRONMENT Taking a micro-scale approach to exploring the potential of organic waste as a biomaterial with future applications to transform the built environment.

Team: Yaoyao Meng, Yandongxue Chen, Er-jia Hsu

CH4

CO2 Material Composition Efforts to mitigate the greenhouse gases generated by organic waste decomposition include aerobic digestion and vermicompost. Prototyping

BUT food waste that contains highly acidic and inorganic compounds are exceptions.

Aerobic Digestion

Vermicompost

Regenerate Property Modification Reducing Embodied Carbon

Simulation of Deformation

From Wastes to Building

BIOREGENERATION Biodegradation

Material Study

Fabrication Method

1. Dissolve CaCl2 in to water stir until clear (Attention, heat produced)

CaCl2 + H2O = CaCl2.6H2O

2. Add 95% ethanol, and stir evenly.

N ozzle Height :6m m Pressure: 0.2 M Pa M oist ure Cont ent : 300m l H 2 O

P in

Wast e -c o mpo site ma ter ia l

Raw M at e ri al s

Mate r i al s ci e nce

Ca2+ Cl-

Pre-crosslink solution

Prototyping Method

75 mm/s

Ci t rus+ Eg g shell+

Co mpo si t i o n

70 mm/s

O rg an i c bi n ders+ Δ H 2 0

6 5 mm/s 5 5 mm/s

ΔV1

5 0 mm/s

P rope r ti e s

Vi sc o se , E l ast ic

4 5 mm/s 4 0 mm/s

B e hav i or

D yn ami c shri n ka ge

35 mm/s 3 0 mm/s

Pre-Crosslinking N ozzle Height :3m m Pressure: 0.2 M Pa M oist ure Cont ent : 300m l H 2 O

Pectin powder

4. Immersed material in pre-link solution for 20min.

Ca2+ binding mechanism to pectin.

40wt% aqueous CaCl2

Cross-linking/ Neutralization

NaOH

Fabr i cati on tool

Ro bo t i c ex t rusion

E x t rusi o n se t -up

A i r pre ssurize d +S i n g l e ex t rud er

5 0 mm/s

2 0 mm/s

E xtr u s i on me thod

E x t rude o n st ructu ra l b a se 10 mm/s

H 2O

Po st -t re at me n t

N aO H bat h , Air d r y

A x1 4. Dehydrating for 10hrs, neutralize in NaOH bath, and rinsed in DI water.

5. Remove ethanol, add 40wt% aqueous CaCl2 solution, and mix until paste like.

Ca2+ binding mechanism to pectin.

10.8g

9.9g

11.2g

12.3g

11.2g

11.8g

11.5g

11.4g

Ai r / I nlet

Δ Moisture determination

4.5g

5.3g

4.7g

4.8g

6.4g

5.2g

5.3g

5.8g

7.0g

-4.9g (~52.1%)

-5.5g (~50.9%)

-5.2g (~52.5%)

-6.4g (~57.1%)

-5.9g (~47.9%)

-6g (~53.6%)

-6.5g (~55.1%)

-6.2g (~53.9%)

-5.6g (~49.1%)

-5.9g (~45.7%)

Average moisture change

51.5%

54.8%

50.75%

54.5%

V1 V2 P in h x1 x2

Δ Moisture determination

len

oid

2.7g

3.4g

2.9g

3.1g

4.7g

3.5g

4.0g

3.8g

4.7g

5.5g

-1.8g (~40%)

-1.9g (~35.8%)

-1.8g (~38.3%)

-1.7g (~35.4%)

-1.7g (~26.7%)

-1.7g (~32.3%)

-1.3g (~24.5%)

-1.5g (~28.3%)

-1.1g (~19.0%)

-1.5g (~21.4%)

Average moisture change

lve

37.9%

36.85%

29.5%

26.4%

tru

R sio

nA rea

27.03.2019

Δ Moisture determination

co e ot

o ntr

Ca r tr i d g e Holder

26.03.2019

1.8g

2.2g

2.0g

2.3g

3.9g

3.2g

3.6g

3.4g

4.7g

5.2g

-0.9g (~33.3%)

-1.2g (~35.3%)

-0.9g (~31.0%)

-0.8g (~25,8%)

-0.8g (~17.0%)

-0.3g (~8.6%)

-0.4g (~10%)

-0.4g (~10.5%)

-0g (~0%)

-0.3g (~5.6%)

34.3%

28.4%

12.8%

10.25%

Con trol Parameters

12.9

25.03.2019

( A)

(B)

(C)

23.03.2019

9.4g

ΔV1

15 mm/s

3. Weight material, mix powder based on ratio, and put into separate container.

Fabr i cati on

Grained citrus peel

ΔH

P rog ram i ng To o l Pat h

o ob

s Ba

= = = = = =

Extru sion sp eed (mm/s) F low sp eed (mm/s) Air p r essu r e(Mp a ) Nozz le height (mm)= P o u t / den si t y * g Nozz le size (mm) Line wid th (mm)

V1 > V2

V1 = V2

X1 < X2 < X3

V1 < V2

Characterization

Fabrication Setup

Prototyping

Channels

Fabricated Boss

15 0 m m

Swivel Joints

Print Base

Tr u s s e s

De s i g n Application

Δ B rac i n g Shadi n g

Δ Bra c i n g 2nd support

Trusses Main support

Me c ha ni c a l p ro p e r t y

El asti c i t y

Te n s i l e s t r e s s

Co mpressive stress

Extrusion m e t ho d

D ri ppi n g

We a v i n g

Gripping

Material p ro p e r t y

V i s c o el a s t i c

S hr inking

S hrink ing

Print Bed Channels on the print base and Swivel joint provides flexibility for customization of each component.

The previous extrusion used the whole cartridge (20 oz) of material to complete one module, which is inefficient in terms of the material usage and brings difficulty to scale up the individual module.

Optimized

Thus the solution is to keep the current module dimension and decrease the extrusion diameter, by changing the nozzle size from 6mm to 3mm. The resulting geometry only uses 1/4 cartridge of material, which is approximately 5oz or less, depending on the numbers of the layers on shading part.

Structure Analysis

Deformation Analysis

Detail Modification

Previous: Flat joints

Type A

Type B

Type C

Type C Type C +Single trusses +Double trusses

Modified: Hinge joints

Utilization Displacement

DEFORMATIONBRACING DISPLACEMENT

Step1

YZ Plane

Step2

XY Plane

Step3

YZ Plane

45 38

26 20

0 Type A

Type B

Type c

Type C + single trusses

Type C + double trusses

NUMBER OF TRUSSES

This set of simulations examined the relationship between the geometry of the trusses and their structural behaviour. The results, as shown, indicate that adding bracing members in between the trusses could significantly prevent structural deformation and, in turn, improve stability. Program: Grasshopper Karamba

180%

Utilization

-161.0%

Modeling Method

Plan

Environmental Constraints

Scale Up Method

Axon Study model

L=a

The study models confirmed the structural stability of the individual module. In order to achieve parametrical design, the mathematical model of the study model was used to develop the grasshopper definition. The goal is to generate unit variations from the basic and then investigate more sophisticated design further on. MOMA PS1 is a site to provide the temporary installation in summer.

Grasshopper Modelling Method

h = 1x U n i t *500

The design strategy is to apply our local environmental analysis to develop the primitive surface reference and generate the design morphologies of canopy and landscape.

R h

h = 1. 5x U n i t *1000 h = ( s q r t ( 6 )/ 3 )* a

Δh

R*h

Unit Variations

Axon

h = 2x Long Elevation

U n i t *1500

CALCAREOUS ARABESQUE CALCAREOUS ARABESQUE – a sustainable wall made from materials generated from the sugar refining process. The robotically extruded structure explores how calcium carbonate and bagasse waste, by-products of the sugar-refining process at Tate & Lyle, can be transformed and scaled-up into and architectural wall prototype. Team: Bio-ID: Marcos Cruz, Brenda Parker, Yaoyao Meng, Anete Krista Salamane, Dali Alnaeb, James lawrence. Bmade: Peter Scully, Mark Burrows, Pradeep Devadass, Vincent huyghe, Guillem Perutxet Oleati, Claudia Toma, Lucy Flanders, Melis Van Den Berg, Hamish Veitch.

INTEGRATED SCALE-UP METHOD

MATERIAL STUDIES

Press mud/ Lime cake:

By-product from the carbonation process. 3.5% of the cane crushed, 120 tones/week.

Chemical &Substances: Ph: 6.25 Sugar: 2.0% Pectin: 1.7% Non nitrogen organic substances: 9.5% Nitrogen containing organic substances: 5.9% Calcium carbonate: 74.2% Lime in form of different salts: 2.8% Other mineral substances: 3.9%

Calcareous Arabesque

Insulation Material

Organic binder as gelling agents for rheology modification

1:2

1:1

Growth Material

Architecture

Cane Sugar Refining Process

Participated Calcium Carbonate (PCC)

Shrinkage

Surface

Harvesting

Milling

Refining

Carbonation

Adhesion

Bagasse

Participated Calcium Carbonate +10ml H20

Agriculture

ΔPCC

1:5

1:3

1:2

= Ratio H20

Biodegradable Products

Organic Fertilizer

RHOLOGY MODIFICATION FOR SCALING UP

Lab Scale

Pilot Scale

FARBICATION DRIVEN DESIGN

CERAMIC PRINTING IN GRANULAR SUPPORT SYSTEM Architecture Research Fund project at Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL.

Team: Martyn Carter, Sienna Griffin-Shaw, Yaoyao Meng

MATERIAL STUDIES

Print Material

Support Material

Print material

White Earthenware

Stoneware

Porcelain

Appearance

Prepared clay

> 15%

< 3%

None

Modified secondary clays

50 % kaolinite 25 % feldspar 25 % quartz or flint

Porosity

Composition

Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Support material

Coarse gain sand

Medium grain sand

Silica sand

Salt

Flint+ Soda ash

Silica sand +Sosa ash

Glass Cullet

Recycled Cullet

Particle size

0.5 - 1 mm

0.25 - 0.5mm

0.125 - 0.25 mm

0.3-0.03 mm

55-62%<14 microns

115 μm-0.25 mm

0.5-2.0 mm

<0.7 mm

Properties

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

Semi-hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

Composition

95% Si02 0.6% Fe₂O₃

97.5-99.8% Si02 0.05-2% Al₂O₃ 0.02-0.05% Fe₂O₃

NaCl

75% Si02 15% Na₂CO₃

75% Silica sand 15% Na₂CO₃

Si02

980 °C

1010 °C

1010 °C 1400 °C

Before firing

Freeform

After firing

Before firing

Firing Temperature

Pros& cons

Tensile test

900-1100 °C

Higher green strengths before firing. Pressure for extrusion (0.5-0.6 psi). Less shrinkage post firing.

1200-1300 °C

Mid green strengths before firing. Pressure for extrusion (0.4-0.5 psi) Average shrinkage post firing.

1220-1290 °C

Low green strengths before firing. Pressure for extrusion (0.2-0.35 psi) More shrinkage post firing. Translucent after firing.

After firing

Firing Temperature

Fragile at both green-ware and fired stage

Experiment Method Tensile test

Replicating the glass forming process, strong post firing, but difficult to clean the green

Finalized (print material + support material) = Stoneware + Recycle glass cullet

Fragile at green-ware stage but strong at firing stage

CHARACTERIZATION

Resolution XY Plane

60mm

Rotation YZ Plane

XYZ Plane

60mm

XY Plane

Scale

XY Plane in fine cullet

XY Plane in Finalized support materials

No support

Planar in recycled cullet glass 100mm Cell: 16*16mm

150mm Cell: 16*16mm

Cell: 25*25mm

6 Layers

UV=8*8

UV=6*6

Before firing

After firing

Max

Max Min

Max

Back view

Cell: 25*80mm

240mm

Path option 2

6 Layers

150mm

Cell: 25*80mm

240mm

Path option 1

5 Layers

150mm

Cell: 25*25mm 150mm

9 Layers Before firing

Min

XY Plane in Finalized cullet

150mm

Silica Sand+Soda ash

100mm

Cell: 21*28mm

250mm

Fixed speed= 20mm/s

Fine cullet

130mm

Non-planar in recycle cullet glass

100mm

Remapped speed Min= 4mm/s Max= 33mm/s

Flint+Soda ash

120mm

Wireframe Toolpath

Non-planar Toolpath 100mm

XY Plane 100mm

FABRICATION METHOD

This is j

ust a

Mechanical relay const int stepPin = 8; const int dirPin = 9;

Air inlet

fram

e..

Power plug

+V -V

-V

void setup() { // Sets the two pins as Outputs pinMode(stepPin,OUTPUT); pinMode(dirPin,OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(dirPin,HIGH); // Enables the motor to move in a particular direction for(int x = 0; x < 15000; x++) { digitalWrite(stepPin,HIGH); delayMicroseconds(200); digitalWrite(stepPin,LOW); delayMicroseconds(200); digitalWrite(stepPin,LOW); delayMicroseconds(200); } }

Extruder Controller

-V

24V power supply +V

Pressure Regulator

Arduino Code

Microstep driver 15

12V power supply

Air

IO Plug to controller

5L Clay Tank

Programming Arduino that drives the stepper motor; Identifies the suitable RPM to achieve the desired flow rate.

Pressure Relief Valve

Clay

6mm OD Pneumatic Tube A- Extrusion width< nozzle dia; not enough deposition area B- Extrusion width= nozzle dia; C- Extrusion width> nozzle dia; extrusion deformed (P1<P2)

Nozzle width+Layer height defined the extrusion width (under consistent flow rate)

in is on ion. tru lis ex col w llo void a a zle nd z a no a, ed edi d m 0m ten r m 20 Ex epe de

rew

w flo e h t

Extruder

c es h t f

io tat

Custom Nozzle 12mm

LDM WASP EXTRUDER XL 3.0

Custom Nozzle

Support material

Nozzle ID

Layer height

Particle size

A- Particle size< Layer height; •Support material immersed inside the path which formed clay into a composite. •Printed prototypes resulted in higher resolutions. •Longer drying period.

B- Particle size= Layer height; C- Particle size> Layer height; •Support material either pushed away or semi integrated into the path. •Printed prototypes resulted in lower resolutions. •Shorter drying period.

Perforated Metal Sheet

Print Base

Container

ABB 1600 Industrial Robot

Laser Cutting

3D Printing

CNC Milling

Student Project

Work Samples