MIGRATION by JINGJING ZHAO

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M I G R A T I O N

The Power of Nature

By Jingjing Zhao First edition

may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher. Critics, However, are welcome to quote brief passages by way of criticism and review.

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C O N T E NT

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06 BMP/TIFF LOCKUP 12 DEPTH & MOTION 16 CUSTOM TYPEFACE 20 CONCEPTUAL PATTERN 24 TYPOGRAPHIC GRID 26 LOGO DESIGN 30 INFORMATION DESIGN 32 CUT PAPER 34 ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHIC 38 WEBSITE

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T H E P O W E R O F N AT U R E

compete with the annual Masai Mara/Serengeti wildebeest migration. The numbers alone are hard to believe: up to two million animals - wildebeest as well as zebra and gazelles move clockwise around this enormous ecosystem, driven by ancient instincts to find fresh grazing and water. It's drama on a truly epic scale: the migrating herds undergo all manner

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Natural phenomena occur all over the world but few can

of challenges and hardships as they move from region to region, and are constantly under attack from predators, none more wait at various river crossing points.

so than from Africa's big cats and the huge crocodiles that lie in

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Natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s oldest pilgrimage plays out on the endless plains of the Serengeti National Park and the Masai Mara National Reserve, as over a million wildebeest along with gazelle and zebra stragglers charge towards better grazing areas. This is the stage on which the 'greatest wildlife show on earth' plays out, as it is by far the greatest mass movement of land mammals on the entire globe. These mass ungulate herds cross plains and rivers as the seasons change and

rain-ripened grasses are depleted in their area, forcing them to move on to the next. The Great Migration has been listed as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. Not only does it offer incredible views of the plains dotted with huge herds of wildebeest, zebra, and gazelle, but the rivers are often infested with large Nile crocodiles lying in wait. Some of the best safari opportunities in the world are found here, across a landscape

rocky outcrops, rivers, and forests. Visiting the right area in the right season will treat travellers to astonishing sightings of this natural phenomenon. These migrational herds also attract the attention of some of the continent's most renowned predators, ensuring that if

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made up of volcanic grasslands and vast plains interrupted by

travellers are following the Migration; big cats, crocodiles, and hyenas will never be too far behind. 9 The Great Migration generally moves in a clockwise motion through the Serengeti Plains in Tanzania and the Masai Mara Reserve in Kenya, and then back again forming one big circle. The herds visitors can see is dependant on the time of year and location they are visiting.

The exact timing and route of the migration changes from year to year and is entirely dependant on the rains. In January and February, the annual rains hit the Serengeti allowing the female wildebeest to give birth. By March or April, the area has dried out and become desolate again so the massive grouping of animals are forced to move northwards towards Lake Victoria where they begin the mating season. After this, they head towards the Maasai Mara in June or July and

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this is where most people witness the sight of thousands of animals galloping across the plains and crossing the notoriously, crocodile-infested Mara River.

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River crossings are best seen between July and September. The animals cross back and forth between the two areas during this time. In September, the animals cross back into the Serengeti. After September, there is still a tail end of the migration which lags behind the main herds. If you are late, you can still hope to catch the last of them. The animals then go back to the Serengeti plains from where they started at the beginning of the year. In Tanzania, the best time to witness the migration is divided between two different periods. In the Southern Serengeti it is in in their immense numbers. It is also a good time to see the animals dropping their young. In contrast, river crossings are best seen between July and September in the northern Serengeti.

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February and March. The animals are grazing and can be seen

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Depth & Motion

SERENGETI The Serengeti ecosystem is a geographical region in Africa. It is located mainly in northern Tanzania and extends into south-western Kenya between 1 and 3 degrees south and between 34 and 36 degrees east. It spans approximately 30,000 km2 The Kenyan part of the Serengeti is known as

The Serengeti hosts the largest terrestrial mammal migration in the world, which helps secure it as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa and one of the ten natural travel wonders of the world. The Serengeti is also renowned for its large lion population and is one of the best places to

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Maasai Mara.

observe prides in their natural environment. The region contains the Serengeti National Park and several game reserves. 13

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Depth & Motion

“

— Susan Portnoy

”

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You watch and wait as sometimes 20, sometimes 200, wildebeest gather along the banks of the Mara River. A leopard sits on the bank, watchful for stragglers. Suddenly one animal falls in, as the bank crumbles or the scent of rain impels it on, and the herd jump in. Then your eyes are fixed by the motion, dust and danger of the river crossing.

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Conceptual Pattern

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Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea.

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ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres. Fish usually migrate to feed or to reproduce, but in other cases the reasons are unclear. Marine forage fish often make large migrations between

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Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales

their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Movements are associated with ocean currents and with the availability migratory movements may partly be linked to the fact that the fish cannot identify their own offspring and moving in this way prevents cannibalism.Some species have been described by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as highly migratory species. These are large pelagic fish that move in and out of the exclusive economic zones of different nations, and these are covered differently in the treaty from other fish.

of food in different areas at different times of year. The

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Forage fish often make great migrations between their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Schools of a particular stock usually travel in a triangle between these grounds. For example, one stock of herrings have their spawning ground in southern Norway, their feeding ground in Iceland, and their nursery ground in northern Norway. Wide triangular journeys such as these may be important because forage fish, when feeding, cannot distinguish their

own offspring.

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and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular or in only one direction . Migration is marked by its annual seasonality. Non-migratory birds are said to be resident or

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Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north

sedentary. Approximately 1800 of the world's 10,000 bird species are long-distance migrants. 35

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This book was designed by Jingjing Zhao. Set into type by Jingjing Zhao. Printed and Bound by Jingjing Zhao.

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Instructor by Julia Brown.

The text face is Akzidenz-Grotesk, Designed by GĂźnter Gerhard Lange, Issued in digital form in 2006. The text page paper is Monhawk Superfine Soft White 80lbs, The cover page paper is Rives Lightweight White 115GSM.

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