ENVS1003 CONTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS
INTERIM SUBMISSION II 636903_JAIME LEE 2013_SEMESTER TWO
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GLOSSARY_04 ADMIXTURES: Admixtures are agents/mixtures that are most commonly added to a concrete mix to alter its properties or those of the hardened product. (Ching) The different types of admixtures include air entraining agents, accelerators, surface-active agents, water-reducing agents etc.
TUTORIAL_04 _INTRODUTION TO WORKING DRAWINGS _CASE STUDY SITE: CENTRE FOR THEOLOGY AND MINISTRY/JOINT THEOLOGY LIBRARY_ORMOND COLLEGE
Area for adjustments of drawings and designs
Compass
Name of site-location
Architectural firm information
Title of drawing
Date Status of drawing
Drawing no.
These information are important since they provide details of the project, which would be helpful in organizing different projects and for future references. Secondly the contacts are provided so the builders would know who and how to contact the people in charge if there are any problems or issues.
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TUTORIAL_04 PLANS
Some information can be found in general notes since that information usually applies to many drawings and can avoid confusions
Functionality of rooms in structure Legends
Some parts of the drawing are annotated. These parts are usually more specific objects that would be too overwhelming and detailed to use different symbols to represent these different objects, which would potentially confuse the users of the drawings
Larger scale built-in features in structure e.g. Windows, doors, whiteboards
Grid Reference: Alphabetical and numerical
Arrow shows direction of the section facing. Reference drawing no and section no are also provided within the circle
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TUTORIAL_04 PLANS
Doors and windows are represented by symbols. The numbering represents the type of material used to construct that particular object.
Clouded area indicated there were amendments being made on the drawing. The referencing alphabet refers readers to the title block where the details of the amendment is noted.
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TUTORIAL_04 ELEVATIONS
Grid reference
Measurements of structure
Legends are used on the elevation drawings to identify some main features of the site like existing buildings and further specify materials used such as copper cladding, glass block etc.
Floor height - Levels of building
Section drawing reference
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WEEK_05
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GLOSSARY_05 CONTINUOUS SPAN
A span designed to extend without joints over one or more intermediate supports. Continuous spans are often used as multispan bridge structures. This type of bridge results in a savings of a material or in longer spans for the same amount of material when compared to a simple span bridge.
TUTORIAL_05 A02_INTERIM SUBMISSION PRESENTATION _Reflection
Only three people in studio 02 did the in situ option for A02. After watching their presentations I think I should focus more on the structural component of the construction more in the following obsevations.
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY CONTINUOUS SPAN _CASE STUDY SITE: CENTRE FOR THEOLOGY AND MINISTRY/JOINT THEOLOGY LIBRARY_ORMOND COLLEGE I. DESCRIPTION&CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: a) Foundations & Footings _Classification_BT1 _Footing plan has the size, thickness and reinforments and bearing of footing listed _Concrete foundations are spread as foundation, while some areas has concrete slab b) Primary Structure _Load bearing_using bricks and masonary _Steel grid frame _Cantilever beams for horizontal members _Concrete columns used on the exterior acting as the vertical structural member c) Secondary Structure _Cladding frame for glass wall
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY II. Graphic Structural Diagrams a) Foundations & Footings
Small rectangular boxes represent the bluestone pavements. Refer to drawings A06.06
Box at the bottom of the diagram represents the shallow footing foundation in the structure.
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY II. Graphic Structural Diagrams b) Primary Structure
II. Graphic Structural Diagrams b) Primary Structure
RED_Concrete Coloumn GREEN_Steel Plate BLUE_Floor Grate v
Existing brick wall is shown in the above diagram
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY III. Identification, Description and Location of Structural Materials a) Steel I beams b)Institue concrete in the external columns IV. Identify 3 Structural Joints a)
Sealant & Backing Rod Glass Block Wall
Aluminium Jamb
PFC Frame
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY b) Auto Door Operator Over
PFC Columns
Sealant & Backing Rod 12mm thick plate Sealant Glass Block Wall
Aluminium Jamb
PFC Frame
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY c)
V. Identify & Explain use of structural fixings
_weld_the melting, mixing and breaking of two ends to join them 38mm Thick Plywood Reveal Rebated to Suit
Glass Block Wall
_concrete_mixture of cement, aggregate and water _bolt_to attach two materials together
Proprietory Aluminium Frame Anodised Aluminium Glazing Adaptor
_screw_externally threaded headed fastener, tightened when applying torque _nail_pin shaped fastener, drived into woodpiece by hammering
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_STRUCTURAL CONCEPT ACTIVITY VI. Sustainability & Environmental Analysis a) CARBON FOOTPRINT _demolition of current existing structures/sites (Destruction of plants/trees) Construction & Operation of machinery uses energy/petrol transportation of materials to construction site. b)EMBODIED ENERGY _Concrete columns use huge amount of embodied water & energy _Steel columns take a lot of energy to make as it can allow glass panels tkae energy to heat and mold into different shapes and sizes. c)RECYCLABILITY _Conrete shallow spread footing(s) cannot be recycled if building is demolished VII. Economical Implications of Decisions _Using steel and concrete framing rather than convention timber framing is mroe expensive _Water feature will dramatically increase the cost of construction and maintanence _Short footings and shallow spread foundation is very economical
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GLOSSARY_06 Lintel A horizontal architectural member supporting the weight above an opening such as a window or a door. Examples of the types of lintels include steel, reinforced bricks, concrete masonry and precast concrete. They are commonly used in the construction of a masonry block wall to create openings in a wall and create a support beam between two columns.
TUTORIAL_06
_TIMBER WORKSHOP
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_TIMBER WORKSHOP
_MODEL MAKING In the model making process, we have firstly identified some of the primary structures that hold up this part of the building. They are the steel frames and concrete columns. We then built a simple model to represent these elements visually.
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TUTORIAL_06 _PRESENTATION
01.DESCRIPTION/CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS a) Foundations & Footing: _The Ormond Theology building uses shallow concrete footings, also known as a spread foundation _ In some areas of the building, it uses a concrete slab foundation _ The footings are classified by its size, allowable load, reinforcement, bearing of footing and is written as (eg. BT1) b) Primary Structure (Horizontal & Vertical): _Uses steel beams and columns & horizontal & vertical members to carry applied loads to the ground _ The steel beams and columns are arranged in a grid frame _ The roof beams are cantilevered, only secured by concrete columns on the exterior c) Secondary Structure (Horizontal & Vertical): _The building uses a cladding grid frame as support for the glass wall at the entrance _Framing is used around windows and doors to increase the combined stiffness of the glass for structural stability _The awnings that overhang from the building are held to the building by braces and clamps.
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TUTORIAL_06 _PRESENTATION
02.STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
a) Steel_Alloy of Iron, Carbon, and other elements, strong in tension There are I-Beams which are used to hold up the roof Steel reinforcement inside the concrete used. Steel columns embedded in concrete columns b) Concrete_Composite material made from aggregate which is embedded in material such as cement which glues or sticks the aggregate together. The concrete is in situ in relation to the external columns
CAULKED JOINT_
A caulked joint is used when you want to make something watertight (usually pipes). A caulked joint is typically a join between two structural elements where a gap is left to allow for movement. Eg. expansion. The gap is then filled with a caulking rubber to cover the joint. An example is an articulation joint in a brick wall.
03. STRUCTURAL FIXINGS I. WELD _The use of melting, mixing and breaking can be used as structural fixing but is only restricted to some metals Not appropriate for joining materials with low weldability
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TUTORIAL_06 _PRESENTATION II. CONCRETE _The mixture of cement, aggregates and water. It’s a thick paste that will transform into a stiff structure _Poured into ground in order to fix structures III. BOLT _They are used in conjunction with a nut attach and fasten two materials together _Suitable for two thin materials IV. SCREW _An externally threaded and headed fastener that tightens when torque is applied _The threads resist movement of the screws and the pull-out force V. NAIL _Pin-shaped fastener _Is driven into the workpiece by a hammer _Holds materials together by friction axially and shear forces laterally
04. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
-Concrete slabs and columns were in situ which saves energy and cost of transportation of heavy materials -Transportation of materials to site increases both energy and pollution from vehicles (fuel etc) as well as cost -Embodied energy and carbon footprint increase in the construction of the building through machinery use
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TUTORIAL_06 _PRESENTATION
_Concrete walls have different finishes (made to look like timber etc) which requires extra time and expertise, increasing overall cost _Short footings and shallow spread foundations is highly economical _glass panelling of the buildings facing is more expensive than conventional windows _A cantilevered roof requires stronger members/supports in order to sustain higher loads, need for steel/concrete instead of more conventional timber, increasing cost _main materials used were concrete and steel which both have individual positive and negative factors towards sustainability. Brick and glass were also used a fair amount and both are sustainable as shown by positive outcomes in all aspects of the above table
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