TENSES I TENSE AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE
USE
PRESENT SIMPLE BASE WE STUDY ENGLISH SHE WORKS AT HOME BASE+S DO+SUB+BASE? DO THEY LIVE IN ENGLAND? DOES TOM SPEAK GERMAN? DOES+SUB+BASE? DON’T+BASE YOU DON’T LIKE CHEESE HE DOESN’T SMOKE DOESN’T+BASE #HABITUAL ACTIONS #GENERAL TRUTHS #FUTURE (TIMETABLES)
#SHE WALKS TO SCHOOL EVERY DAY #WATER BOILS AT 100 DEGREES #THE TRAIN LEAVES IN AN HOUR.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS AM/IS/ARE+ BASE+ING
I AM STUDYING SHE IS WORKING
AM/IS/ARE+SUBJ+ING?
ARE THEY SLEEPING? IS SAM READING?
SUBJ+ AM NOT/ ISN’T/AREN’T+ING
I AM NOT LISTENING WE AREN’T SMOKING
#ACTIONS HAPPENING NOW #TEMPORARY SITUATIONS #FUTURE PLANS #ANNOYING ACTIONS
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THE TENSES SHE IS LIVING IN ENGLAND AT THE MOMENT I’M MEETING HER TONIGHT SHE IS ALWAYS COMPLAINING
TIME EXPRESSIONS
SPELLING
STATIVE VERBS
*EVERY DAY *EACH YEAR *ONCE/TWICE A DAY/WEEK *IN THE EVENING/MORNING *FREQUENCY ADVERBS
BASE ENDING IN: SS, S, SH, CH, X, O + ES CONSONANT +Y > IES VOWEL+Y+S
• • • •
TEACH < TEACHES TRY < TRIES PLAY < PLAYS
FEELINGS: FEEL –HEAR – SEE – SMELL- TASTE- SOUND THOUGHT: BELIEVE- CONSIDER- GUESS- HOPE- REALISE – REMEMBER – THINK- SEEM – UNDERSTAND EMOTIONS: LIKE – HATE – LOVE – NEED- WANT – WISH POSSESSION: HAVE – OWN – BELONG MEASURE: COST – WEIGH
NOW RIGHT NOW AT THE MOMENT AT PRESENT
*BASE ENDING IN: –E> DROP IT +ING -IE> Y+ING -C+´V+C >DOUBLE CONSONANT )
RIDE > RIDING DIE > DYING STOP > STOPPING
SOME OF THESE VERBS CAN BE USED IN A CONTINOUS TENSE BUT CHANGING THEIR MEANING SEE / SMELL / TASTE / THINK / HAVE /
TENSES II TENSE
PAST SIMPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE
BASE + ED IRREGULAR VERBS
THEY TALKED ABOUT THE WEATHER I BOUGHT A NEW COAT
WAS/WERE + ING
HE WAS WALKING THEY WERE WORKING
INTERROGATIVE
DID + SUB+ BASE
DID THEY TALK ABOUT ME? DID YOU BUY A SHIRT?
WAS/WERE+ SUBJ + ING?
WAS SHE SMOKING? WERE YOU SLEEPING?
NEGATIVE
SUB + DIDN’T + BASE
THEY DIDN’T TALK ABOUT SPORT I DIDN’T BUY A TIE
WASN’T / WEREN’T + ING
I WASN’T SHOUTINTG WE WEREN’T TALKING
USE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
SPELLING
• FINISHED ACTIONS IN THE PAST • HABITUAL PAST ACTIONS
HE PAINTED THE ROOM YESTERDAY HE PAINTED THE ROOM EVERY SUMMER. (USED TO)
YESTERDAY LAST YEAR/WEEK/MONTH IN 1988… 3 DAYS/ 2 YEARS AGO C+V+C > DOUBLE CONSONANT CONSONANT +Y > I+ED VOWEL + Y + ED
• INCOMPLETE PAST ACTION • TWO ACTIONS AT THE SAME TIME • ACTION HAPPENING AT A GIVEN TIME • LONGER ACTIVITIES WHILE …WHEN… ALL DAY/ NIGHT
STOP > STOPPED TRY > TRIED PLAY > PLAYED
HE WAS SLEEPING WHEN THE PHONE RANG WHILE HE WAS READING I WAS SLEEPING AT 6 O’CLOCK I WAS HAVING DINNER I WAS STUDYING ALL NIGHT
TENSES II TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE
HAVE / HAS + PARTICIPLE
I HAVE SEEN TOM’S NEW FILM HE HAS WRITTEN A LETTER
HAVE/HAS + BEEN + ING
I HAVE BEEN WORKING SHE HAS BEEN PLAYING
INTERROGATIVE
HAVE/HAS + SUBJ + PART.?
HAVE YOU DONE THE EXERCISE? HAS SHE ARRIVED?
HAVE/HAS + SUBJ+ BEEN + ING
HAVE YOU BEEN SMOKING? HAS HE BEEN LISTENING?
NEGATIVE
HAVEN’T / HASN’T + PART.
WE HAVEN’T FINISHED JOHN HASN’T HAD LUNCH
HAVEN’T/ HASN’T + BEEN + ING
WE HAVE NOT BEEN WORKING HE HASN’T BEEN PLAYING
USE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
• EXPERIENCES • RECENTLY FINISHED ACTION (JUST) • EXPECTED ACTIONS (ALREADY / YET) • UNFINISHED ACTIONS (FOR / SINCE) • FINISHED ACTION IN UNFINISHED TIME • PAST ACTION WITH A PRESENT CONSEQUENCE EVER / NEVER FOR SINCE YET ALREADY THIS MORNING/EVENING/WEEK LATELY / RECENTLY /
I HAVE NEVER BEEN TO THE USA HE HAS JUST CALLED THEY HAVE ALREADY BROUGHT THE SOFA BUT THEY HAVEN’T BROUGHT THE TABLE YET WE HAVE BEEN HERE FOR A WEEK SHE HAS LIVED IN ENGLAND SINCE SHE WAS 18
• FOR / SINCE. LONGER ACTION • CONTINOUS ACTIONS vs SEVERAL ACTIONS • INCOMPLETE ACTION
I HAVEN’T SEEN HIM THIS MORNING YOU HAVE EATEN TOO MUCH AND NOW YOU ARE SICK.
FOR / SINCE ALL DAY / NIGHT / WEEK LATELY / RECENTLY
I HAVE DONE MY HOMEWORK vs I HAVE BEEN DOING MY HOMEWORK I HAVE BEEN SMOKING Vs I HAVE SMOKED 10 CIGARETTES SOMEONE HAS EATEN MY CAKE Vs SOMEONE HAS BEEN EATING MY CAKE
TENSES III TENSE
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE
SUBJ +HAD + P. PARTICIPLE
I HAD FINISHED THE TASK BY 11 pm
SUB + HAD + BEEN + P. PART
THEY HAD BEEN SLEEPING ON THE FLOOR
INTERROGATIVE
HAD + SUBJ + P.PART.?
HAD YOU DONE THIS BEFORE?
HAD + SUB + BEEN + P PART?
HAD YOU BEEN SMOKING BEFORE YOUR PARENTS CAME?
NEGATIVE
SUBJ. + HADN’T + P. PART.
HE HADN’T GONE TO WORK.
SUB + HADN’T + BEEN + P PAR
THEY HADN’T BEEN DRINKING
USE
• ACTIONS PREVIOUS TO SIMPLE PAST ACTIONS. • WHEN TELLING A STORY NOT IN THE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER • ACTIONS STARTING IN A REMOTE PAST AND CONTINUED TO THE SIMPLE PAST REFERENCE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
BY THE TIME AFTER BEFORE
HE HAD FORGOTTEN HIS KEYS SO HE WAITED FOR A NEIGHBOUOR TO COME. THE CHILD WAS CRYING BECAUSE HE HAD LOST HIS TOY. HE HAD WORKED THERE FOR OVER 30 YEARS UNTIL THEY CLOSED THE FACTORY.
HE ATE HIS DINNER AFTER HE HAD WASHED HIS HANDS. BY THE TIME WE ARRIVED THE FILM HAD ALREADY FINISHED.
• EXPRESSING LONGER DURATION THAN PAST PERF. SIMPLE • INCOMPLETE REMOTE ACTION • REPEATED ACTION IN THE DISTANT PAST
HE HAD BEEN WORKING THE WHOLE NIGHT vs HE HAD WORKED ALL NIGHT SHE HAD BEEN WRITING THE REPORT BUT COULDN’T FINISH vs SHE HAD WRITTEN THE REPORT BY 2 am SHE COULDN’T SLEEP BECAUSE SOMEONE HAD BEEN BANGING ON THE WALL ALL NIGHT
TENSES IV FUTURE TENSE
WILL
BE GOING TO
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
FUTURE PERFEC
AFFIRMATIVE
SUB + WILL + BASE THEY WILL COME SOON
SUB + AM-IS-ARE + GOING TO +BASE HE IS GOING TO BUY A NEW HOUSE
SUB+ WILL+ BE+ ING HE WILL BE DRIVING
SUB + WILL + HAVE + P. PART NEXT WEEK HE WILL HAVE GONE
INTERROGATIVE
WILL + SUBJ + BASE? WILL YOU COME WITH US?
AM-ARE-IS + SUB+ GOING TO +BASE? ARE YOU GOING TO STAY LONG?
WILL + SUB + BE + ING? WILL YOU BE PLAYING?
WILL + SUB+ HAVE+ P PART? WILL YOU HAVE FINISHED BY THEN?
. SUBJ + WON’T + BASE THEY WON’T BE THERE
S + AM-IS-ARE NOT +GOING TO + BASE I’M NOT GOING TO DO IT
SUB + WON’T + BE + ING THEY WON’T BE COMING
SUB + WON’T + HAVE + P PART THEY WON’T HAVE FINISHED
• ACTIONS THAT WILL BE HAPPENING AT A TIME IN THE FUTURE.
• FUTURE ACTIONS THAT WILL HAVE HAPPENED AT A TIME IN THE FUTURE
NEGATIVE
USE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
• INSTANT DECISION • PREDICTION (NO EVIDENCE) TOMORROW SOON NEXT YEAR / WEEK , ETC
• INTENTION OR PLAN • PREDICTION BASED ON EVIDENCE
TOMORROW AT 6 I WILL BE FLYING TO LONDON
PRESENT SIMPLE: FUTURE BASED ON A TIME TABLE OR SCHEDULE (CLASSES BEGIN TOMORROW AT 9) PRESENT CONTINUOUS: FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS ( WE ARE MEETING ON TUESDAY AT 8)