HISTORY of
MELAKA
Early Malaya 1396 • Sumatran Prince arrives from Temasek (Singapore) on a hunting expedition and seeks sanctuary here. He gave the name Malacca • It is situated at strategic point, midway along the straights that linked China to India
The Malay Fort • Constructed by indigenous Malay at the bottom of the hill, which is the most prominent feature of Malacca • Fort was built for protection made of a system of earthworks surrounded by wooden stockades
1511-1641 Portuguese era • •
•
•
Portuguese forces under the command of Alfonso de Albuquerque attacked and defeated the armies of Malacca Sultanate. Local Malays lived scattered around the land, while the Portuguese took over the fort The wooden fort was reconstructed in 1511 after much damage. In 1511, the Portuguese began construction on a stone and mortar fort to replace wooden one. It was completed on the 1512. Bastions were built; St Pedro, St Domingos (Bastion Victoria), Santiago and Onze Mil Virgens and A’Famosa (in light red)
1641-1700 Dutch era Dutch invaded Malacca after 8 month siege and battle on the night of 13 January 1641 through the back door of St Domingo (Bastion Victoria) • They rebuilt the city after much destruction of the battle • St Domingo was renamed to bastion Victoria • The Stadthuys (in light red) was built between 1641 to 1660 and was used ad the administrative center or successive governments •
1700-1807 Dutch era • The Dutch built up many parts of the city, including the system of roads. • In 1753, Christ Church (in light red) was built alongside the Stadthuys • Population expanded and more houses and shops were built outside the fort
1807-1957 British rule • British invaded Malacca and destroyed the fort • However, Malacca flourished under the ruling of the British • Opening schools; Sacred Heart Canossian Convent in Jalan Kota, and expanding the city which is now under the UNESCO
1957- Present Day • In 1957, Malaysia gained independence from Britain • Malacca is an established city and is administered by the Malacca City Council • Land reclamation was done due to increasing population demands. • In 2008, Malacca was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List
ARCHITECTURAL
STYLE
Dutch Style 17th century – 18th century
Simple Facade Design Limited Openings on upper floor One center window or two symmetrical windows Symmetrical facade design of centralized door and two windows Five foot way not connected to adjacent building Materials: Walls (Dutch Brick plastered with lime) Roof (Timber)
Southern China Style (18th – Early 19th century)
Has lots of ornaments (To convey Luck, Direction, Seasons, The Wind and Constellations Has a courtyard Strong emphasis on roof Exposure of structural elements Use of various colors
Materials:
Walls (Brick plastered with lime) Roof (Timber)
Early Shophouse Style 1800 – 1850s
Recessed ground floor Simple pitched roof Facade as a means of filling the space between two end walls Upper floor facade supported by squat pillars Continuous row of panelled or louvered shutters Materials:
Masonry dividing walls
Timber upper floors Tiled roof
Early Transitional Style (1840 – 1900s)
Structures are built to street edge Incorporate a five foot pedestrian walkway Expressive gable ends to rows Upper consoles enlarged and decorated with floral motifs Row of continuous timber shutter openings Materials:
Masonry dividing walls Timber upper floor
Tiled roof Timber beams
Early Eclectic Style (1880 – 1910s)
Restrained use of ornaments on its facade Doors and windows made of timber Transoms are flat arched or semicircular with glass infill
Symmetrical double doors Wide roof overhangs Materials: Extensive use of masonry with reinforced concrete lintels and beams
Timber upper floors Tiled roof
Late Straits Eclectic Style (1920 – 1940s)
Excessive use of ornamentation Extra windows reduce wall space and maximize ventilation Chinese panel frescoes combined with Malay timber fretworks More elaborate cantilevered details on facades Materials:
Extensive use of masonry
First floor timber fenestration and tiled roof
Neo Classical Style
Sparing use of ornaments Strict use of orders of architecture Well proportioned
High ceilings and large porches Painted in pastel or white finishing on exterior face of building
Art Deco Style
Use of straight lines Strong vertical or horizontal emphasis to structure Windows are arranged in groups
Date of construction on facade of building Use of metal frame window Cantilevered sunshades Materials: Reinforced concrete masonry
Early Modern Style
Radically ornamented Simplified approach towards architecture Clean cut openings
Aesthetics derive from simplicity
Materials:
Reinforced Concrete
LAND USE
DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL HOTEL HEALTHCARE EATERY RELIGION GALLERY & MUSEUM ABANDON BUILDING
MIX-USED COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT HERITAGE
HERITAGE COMMERCIAL RELIGION RESIDENTIAL
MIX-USE GOVERNMENT
VEHICULAR PATH
PEDESTRIAN PATH
LANDMARK Local (Malacca)
1 St. Francis Xavier’s Church
5 6
52 CR he idn ab uTi ol dw i nn g
63
4 L Ti ht te l eS t I anddt i ha u y s
2 4 3 Jonker Street
1
LANDMARK Local (Malaysia)
1 Chicken Rice Ball
52 S aR ne dS hb uu i Gl do inngg
63
4 CT hh ee n Sg t aH do t’ hs u y s Cultural Musuem
6 2
5
1
4
3 Jonker Street
LANDMARK Tourist
1 St. Francis Xavier’s Church
52 H aRr eddR ob cu ki l Cd ai nf eg
63
4 TT hh ee SD t ua tdc thh u y s Graveyard
2 5
4
3 Jonker Street
6
1
1
Red building
2
The Stadthuys
3
3
1 Jonker Street
2
1
Red building
2
The Stadthuys
3
3
1 Jonker Street
2
Dominant Landmark St. Francis Xavier’s Church
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
DAY TIME
1 MELAKA CLOCK TOWER
2
TOURIST START TO SWARM IN THE AREA AROUND 9AM DROPOFF
3 THE GATHERING POINT
3 1
2
DAY TIME 1 A CATHOLIC CHURCH THAT SERVE ON SUNDAY
4
2 PIGEON SPOT
3
3 TAKING PHOTO AROUND THE SITE
4 SHOP OF INDIAN CULTURAL FOOD
1
2
DAY TIME
1 PEOPLE VISITING CHENG HO’S MUSUEM
2
1 COLOURFUL WALL PAINTINGS
3 3 CYCLING ON THE UNESCO ZONE
2
DAY TIME 1 EXPLORING JONKER STREET FOOD
2 BUYING CENDOL
3
1 CHIT CHATING AND DRINKING
2 3 4
4 STREET PERFORMANCE
NIGHT TIME
1 BABA NYONYA FOOD
2 2
1 OPEN KARAOKE FOR OLD FOLK
3
3 TRAFFIC CONGESTION DURING ENTERING JONKER STREET
NIGHT TIME 1 HANGOUT PLACE DURING NIGHT`
2 3
TAKING A BOAT TRIP ALONG SUNGAI MELAKA
2 1 3 HAVING A CANDLE DINNING ASIDE THE RIVER
NIGHT TIME 1 NIGHT LIFE ACTIVITY LIVE BAND SINGING
2 OKU PEOPLE SINGING
3
1 2 BECA ON THE ROAD FOR RENT
3
HUMAN DENSITY NODES
WEEKDAYS 8 A.M.
WEEKDAYS 12 P.M..
WEEKDAYS 4 P.M.
WEEKDAYS 8 P.M.
WEEKDEND 8 A.M.
WEEKDEND 12 P.M.
WEEKDEND 4 P.M.
WEEKDEND 8 P.M.
SURVEYOR’S INTEREST
LOCAL ( BORN IN MELAKA OR MALAYSIA)
NON - LOCAL ( TOURIST OVERSEA)
BASE ON THE SURVEYOR MADE, THE LOCALS HAVE MORE KNOWLEDGE ON FOOD CATEGORY WHEREBY TOURIST ARE MORE INTERESTED IN TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES PROVIDED AROUND THE AREA. TOURIST TEND TO BE MORE ADVENTURES TO EXPLOIT THE BEAUTY OF MALACCA AND HAVE THE LEAST COMPLAINS ABOUT THE INFRASTURCTURE THERE.
ISSUES BASE ON SURVEYER
NO BUS STOP
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
LACK OF POLICE
LACK OF MAINTAINANCE
LACK OF PUBLIC TOILET
LACK OF CAR PARK
LOCAL RESIDENT TOURISTS
USER DISTRIBUTION
Comparison of the HUMAN DENSITY between SITE & The STADTHUYS
PROPOSED PROGRAMME TO INCREASE HUMAN DENSITY
FOOD
TRISHAW
BISCYCLE STOP
STREET PERFORMERS
VEGETATIONS
AQUILARIA SINENSIS
MELAKA TREE
HIBISCUS
BOUGAINVILLEA
ARROW BAMBOO
YELLOW LXORA FLOWER
AQUILARIA SINENSIS
YELLOW LXORA FLOWER MELAKA TREE
ARROW BAMBOO
HIBISCUS
BOUGAINVILLEA
SITE DOCUMENTATION
Boundary line
Set back
S
W
O
T
STRENGTH Center Point -- strategic location –- leading to the core of UNESCO Heritage
District Center Point between a) Commercial b) Heritage/ historical c) Government
Near to the main tourist attraction -- Jonker Street
WEAKNESS Pigeons Nesting Habits -- Excretion, noise, smell
Limited Car Park
Traffic Congestion -- Especially during weekends
OPPORTUNITY Focal/ starting point -- before entering UNESCO Heritage Core
Involvement of Bastion Victoria ruins -- allow history and culture education to take place.
Secondary Entrance -- from the river
THREAT
Foundation and earth work might affect the soil stability near the river bank causing the river bank to collapse.
VIEW TO SITE
DESIGN STRATEGY
Covered roof over bastion
1. Bastion Victoria
Experience bastion through clear barriers
Suspended walkway over bastion ruins
2. Views Views to river and shop lots by designing overhangs
Roof garden to view church
3. Noises Avoid noise pollution with vegetation
Reduce noise pollution through green walls
4. Sunlight Natural sunlight through courtyard
Natural sunlight from skylight
5. Natural Ventilation Natural ventilation through air well and large openings
Natural threat (birds) by providing bird pits and using flat roofs for easy maintenance
PRECEDENT STUDY
KOLUMBA MUSEUM Peter Zumthor
Legend: 1. Main Entrance 2. Foyer 3. Courtyard 4. Main Exhibition (Ruins Excavation) 5. Former Vestry 6. Chapel Madonna Entrance 7. Chapel Madonna
5
A
4 3
2
1
7
6
A
A
C
C A
B
Ground Floor Plan
Section A-A
A
B
B
C
C B
First Floor Plan
B
C
C B
Second Floor Plan
Exhibition Space
Madonna Chapel St. Columba’s Ruin
Section B-B
Exhibition Space Buffer Space
Madonna Chapel
Section C-C
Moderna Museet Malmรถ Tham & Videgรฅrd Architect
Front Elevation
Legend: 1. Main Entrance 2. Reception 3. Cafe 4. Hallway 5. Exhibition Space 6. loading Area / Exhibition Space 7. Loading Area/ car 8. Office 9. Public Toilet
A
6
B
5
7
2 C
1
9 3
4
8
A
C
Old
New
Legend: Public Private
11000
Facade
Office Toilet
Cross Section
Cafe
Axonometric
Longitudinal Section
CONCLUSION
PROGRAMME INTRODUCED
To Create Awareness - Preserve & Cultivate
Bastion Victoria -Site Preservation
Education
ARCHITECTURAL POSITION
Outreach Internationally
Spread Throughout Regional and National
Culture
PROPOSAL BUILDING TYPE
Community Centre
Museum
Archive/ Library
USER GROUP Tourist + Local (Malaysian)– 64% Workers on Site– 27%
Locals (Malacca) – 9%
SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION
200m2
100m2
500m2
Learning Centre
Gallery
Public Gathering Space
250m2
Library/Research
100m2
Lecture Hall
THANK YOU by
TEAM MUN INN