Architecture + the City
FACADE STRATEGY
Joe Drinkwater Dundee School of Architecture M(Arch) 2012/13
THE LONG FACADE The thesis will be an investigation into the (300 metre) long façade, creating a new inhabited walled district. The thesis will investigate how the long façade can work within the urban realm, how it creates a dialogue between inside and outside, the room and the city. The research will examine the scale and proportions of such an elevation, the plasticity of the facade, the relationship between the exterior skin and the internal activities (urban apartments and commercial offices) and the relationship between the external and interior wall. Retail, commercial offices and urban apartments inhabit the proposed mixed-use wall. How is the accommodation to be expressed along the façade and how will it relate to the context of Dundee’s city centre?
Borneo Sporenburg I 1996 I Residential I Amsterdam I Netherlands
0m
Length
323 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
3.0 - 6.4 m
Maximum Height
12.4 m
Window Proportions
all vary
300m
Solidity of Facade
82%
Permeability of Facade
18%
Vertical Division
2:4:2:5:5:6:7
No. of Storeys
2-4
Piraeus I 1994 I Mixed Use I Amsterdam I Netherlands
0m
Length
172 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
3.4 m
Maximum Height
27 m
Window Proportions
1:1.5
300m
Solidity of Facade
82%
Permeability of Facade
18%
Vertical Division
9:47:44
No. of Storeys
10 - 11
Le Palais du Louvre I 1674 I Art Gallery (former palace) I Paris I France
0m
Length
640 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
11.5 m
Maximum Height
34 m
Window Proportions
1:1.6
Permeability of Facade - 18 Solidity of Facade -
300m
Solidity of Facade
81%
Permeability of Facade
19%
Vertical Division
3:5:2:4:2:5:4:1:6:10:4:12:8:30:4
No. of Storeys
3
82
The Paragon I 1775 I Residential I Bath I England
0m
Length
356 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
3m
Maximum Height
8.5 m
Window Proportions
1:1.6
300m
Solidity of Facade
85%
Permeability of Facade
15%
Vertical Division
6:3:8:10:1.5:13:1.5:3:1.5:15:1.5:5:5:1.5:5:1.5: 1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5 3
No. of Storeys
Leibniz Kolonnaden I 1997 I Mixed Use I Berlin I Germany
0m
Length
108 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
4.0 m
Maximum Height
26 m
Window Proportions
1:4
Permeability of Facade - 46 % Solidity of Facade -
54 %
300m
Solidity of Facade
54%
Permeability of Facade
46%
Vertical Division
15:30:55
No. of Storeys
8/7
LONG FACADES OF DUNDEE
Reform Street I 1832 I Mixed Use I Dundee I Scotland
0m
Length
186 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
4.5 m
Maximum Height
18 m
Window Proportions
1:2
300m
Solidity of Facade
70%
Permeability of Facade
30%
Vertical Division
16:23:15:25:21
No. of Storeys
4
REFORM STREET OVERLAYED ONTO DOCK STREET
VERTICAL DIVISION OF REFORM STREET OVERLAYED
Dock Street I 1899 - 1932 I Mixed Use I Dundee I Scotland
0m
Length
331 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
4.5 m
Maximum Height
34.6 m
Window Proportions
1:1.2
Dock Street, Dundee 331 metres
ndee s
300m
Solidity of Facade
82%
Permeability of Facade
18%
Vertical Division
12:6:6:5:1:4:23:6:4:5:4:5:8:4:6
No. of Storeys
5
DOCK STREET OVERLAYED ONTO DOCK STREET
VERTICAL DIVISION OF DOCK STREET OVERLAYED
Tay Mills I 1850 I Residential (former Jute Mill) I Dundee I Scotland
0m
Length
196 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
4.5 m
Maximum Height
24 m
Window Proportions
1:1.8
300m
Solidity of Facade
84%
Permeability of Facade
16%
Vertical Division
4:13:9:13:4:16:4:13:4:16:4
No. of Storeys
3
TAY MILLS OVERLAYED ONTO DOCK STREET
VERTICAL DIVISION OF TAY MILLS OVERLAYED
Commercial Street I 1871 I Mixed Use I Dundee I Scotland
0m
Length
329 m
Ground Floor Height (floor to ceiling)
5.5 m
Maximum Height
20 m
Window Proportions
1:1.2
300m
Solidity of Facade
74%
Permeability of Facade
26%
Vertical Division
3:4:6:6:7:4:2:12:7:2:6:5:1:7:3:3:3:2: 5:5:2:4:4:4:5:5:4 4-6
No. of Storeys
COMMERCIAL STREET OVERLAYED ONTO DOCK STREET
VERTICAL DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL STREET OVERLAYED
LONG FACADE USING DOCK STREET SYNTHESIS
LONG FACADE USING DOCK STREET SYNTHESIS
LONG FACADE USING COMMERCIAL STREET SYNTHESIS
LONG FACADE USING REFORM STREET SYNTHESIS
STONE ARTICULATION OF DUNDEE Analysis of Dundee’s vernacular material of stone is studied in order to understand how it can be articulated in a city scale. Dundee stone is primarily sandstone which is a good material for such close proximity to salt water. The articulation changes from ground floor to the top floor. On the ground floor, the stone is mostly lasrge precast ashlar blocks in order to create a grander and more polished facade at street level. The first and second floors use rougher burst stone which is smaller than the ground floor blocks. Above these floors the stone is articulated in even smaller blocks. The burst stone has small chisled dots over the external face. This is to help water run off.
DENFIND QUARRY MONIKIE
WATERFRONT DUNDEE
DENFIND STONE QUARRY LOCATION
DENFIND STONE Denfind Stone is a newly opened quarry located near Monikie. It primarily produces grey/blue sandstone which would suit the waterfront site. As the quarry is newly opened the stone is available at a reduced cost to the normal cost of stone. They have estimated to have a life span of fifty years. As the waterfront development is to be developed over thirty years, the material would be available to be used as a constant in the buildings in order to unify the masterplan. Located near to the site would reduce the carbon footprint and is within easy access to the waterfront site.
Limestone mortar is used between the stone. The sandstone should be placed next to materials with similar absorbant properties so that the sandstone does not crumble after absoring too much water. The stone comes in depths of 100mm, 120mm, 140mm and 150mm. The heights and lengths vary. it does not cut very well and so is better as a rough material.
DENFIND STONE
MIXED SIZE AND COLOURED COLOURED
LARGE MIXED COLOURED STONE
SMALL MIXED COLOURED STONE
SMALL GREY/BLUE STONE
ARTICULATION OF DENFIND STONE
DUNDEE’S ROOFSCAPE
COMMERCIAL STREET ROOFSCAPE
COMMERCIAL STREET ROOF LINE
REFORM STREET ROOFSCAPE
REFORM STREET ROOF LINE
EAST DOCK STREET ROOFSCAPE
EAST DOCK STREET ROOF LINE
WEST DOCK STREET ROOFSCAPE
WEST DOCK STREET ROOF LINE
GROUND FLOOR CONDITION A ground floor study was undertaken of a variety of Dundee’s streets including Reform Street and Whitehall Street. Although the street may comprise of numerous buildings which differ in appearance, the ground floor is a continuous sinlge element. This unifies the buildings at street level. This is done by string coursing and the materials. The entrances to the upper floors are projected at ground floor in order to emphasise the more formal use of offices or residential above. The projected door surrounds tend to be of the same material as the string coursing further unifying the ground floor condition. To further emphasise the formal entrance, the door is recessed deeply into the facade in order to create a stronger threshold. This contrasts to the retail units in the ground floor which are almost flush with the facade to enhance the public interaction with the shops and cafes. The threshold is less in order to make the spaces less intimidating to enter.
Upper floor entrance is defined by protruding door surrounds.
Door surrounds made of same stone material as the string coursing separating the ground floor from the upper floor.
REFORM STREET FORMAL ENTRANCE TO UPPER FLOORS
Retail unit glazing is larger and closer to pavement line for public realm.
Signage underneth string coursing so as not to break ground floor continuity.
REFORM STREET RETAIL UNIT ENTRANCE
Upper floor entrance is defined by protruding door surrounds.
Door surrounds made of same stone material as the string coursing separating the ground floor from the upper floor.
WHITEHALL STREET FORMAL ENTRANCE TO UPPER FLOORS
Signage underneth string coursing so as not to break ground floor continuity.
WHITEHALL STREET RETAIL UNIT ENTRANCE
BUITENOM, THE HAGUE COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL GEURST & SCHULXE ARCHITECTEN
Precast stone wraps along the ground floor and around the residential entrances.
Stone work around the door is decorative i.e not structural.
Larger stone contrasts against the smaller brickwork.
YPENBURG CENTRE, THE HAGUE RETAIL, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL RAPP + RAPP
The heights of the volumes differ above.
Rythm of ground floor is read on the upper floors.
Continuous ground floor material wraps around the buildings at a constant height .
Brick used for upper floors contrasting against the large stone articulation of the ground floor.
Defined separation of ground floor to upper floors.
Pre cast stone used for ground floor giving it a grander appearance at street level.
WRAPPING MATERIAL INVESTIGATION
WRAPPING MATERIAL INVESTIGATION
THE NORMAL & CORNER CONDITION The facades of Dundee are traditionally tripartite elevations, dividied into three parts: the ground floor, the first and second floor and then any above. These are generally divided by string coursing. This allows the ground floor to respond to the human scale at street level. The windows are separated at regular rhythms. Above the second floor, the windows occasionally are reduced is proportion as it is of a lesser importance, similar to the articulation fo the stone. The corner conditions of Dundee were analysed in order to fully understand how opposite buildings relate to each other, how the facade turns the corner, how the corner is articulated and entered. Studies on Dundee type corners were put into the waterfron development in order to understand how they site in context. Entrances are traditionally on the corner in order to emphasise it. Rhythms of glazing stay constant from the elevation to around the corner to continue the building.
THE NORMAL CONDITION ANALYSIS
THE CORNER CONDITION ANALYSIS
THE NORMAL CONDITION
THE CORNER CONDITION
THE CHAMFERED CORNER
The chamfer works only if it is a largeer chamfer to that of the city’s context in order to respond to the Tay Hotel.
The corner would have to be higher in order to ballance the threshold to the boulevard.
THE CHAMFERED CORNER ON DOCK STREET
THE ROUNDED CORNER
The curve responds to the Tay Hotel if it was larger.
Curves do not utilise internal space as well as a regular geometry,
THE ROUNDED CORNER IN CONTEXT
The corner would have to be higher in order to ballance the threshold to the boulevard.
THE CIRCULAR TURRET CORNER
The curve does not respond to the Tay Hotel.
The raised turret repsonds to the Tay Hotel, however may be kitch in a contemporary building.
THE CIRCULAR TURRET CORNER IN CONTEXT
THE CONVEXED AND CONCAVED CORNER
The concaved curve does respond to the Tay Hotel.
not
The building should be raised higher in order to create a stronger threshold to the boulevard.
THE CONVEXED AND CONCAVED CORNER IN CONTEXT
THE SQUARE CORNER
Against the Tay Hotel, the squared corner does not sit comfortably. It could be used furth along Dock Street.
THE SQUARE CORNER IN CONTEXT
THE HEXAGONAL CORNER
THE HEXAGONAL CORNER IN CONTEXT
SMALL CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING UNDER & ABOVE SMALLCOURSING CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVEWINDOW WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING COURSING UNDER & ABOVE UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING WINDOW COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHMAFER CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING COURSING UNDER & ABOVE SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER WINDOW. FLOOR UNDER ANDCONCRETE ABOVE WINDOWPLINTH CONCRETEGROUND STRING COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER SMALL CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER STONE FLOOR STONEGROUND GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING COURSING UNDER WINDOW
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING COURSING ABOVE WINDOW
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE PLINTH GROUND FLOOR SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR CONCRETE FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS CONCRETE 1ST ANDFACADE 2ND FLOOR STONE GROUND FLOOR CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE CHAMFER SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE PLINTH GROUND FLOOR
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE CHAMFER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR STONE FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS STONEFLOOR 1ST FACADE AND 2ND FLOOR CONCRETE GROUND STONE CHAMFER STONE CHAMFER
SMALL CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
LARGE CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING COURSING UNDER & ABOVE WINDOW LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING ABOVE WINDOW UNDER ANDCOURSING ABOVE WINDOWUNDER CONCRETE&STRING COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE STONE GROUND FLOOR CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE CHAMFER LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER LARGE CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE UPPER FLOORS LARGE CHAMFERED CONCRETE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
THE CORNER COND
NER CONDITION
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECASTLARGE STRING COURSING UNDER WINDOW CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRING COURSING ABOVE & UNDER WINDOW LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE FLOOR STRING COURSING STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE CONCRETE FIRSTGROUND AND SECONDFLOOR FLOORS STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE CHAMFER CONCRETE UPPER 1ST & 2ND FLOOR LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER PRECAST STRINGSTONE COURSING LARGE CHAMFERED CORNER ABOVE WINDOW ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE CHAMFER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE GROUND FLOOR FACADE CONCRETE CHAMFER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER CONCRETE FLOOR STONE FIRST AND SECOND GROUND FLOORS CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE STONE CHAMFER STONE CHAMFER
STONE UPPER 1ST & 2ND FLOOR
LARGE CHAMFERED STONE CORNER STONE FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS CONCRETE GROUND FLOOR FACADE STONE CHAMFER
THE FACADES IN CONTEXT
DIFFERENT USES WITHIN THE BUILDING
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPOSAL AND TAY HOTEL
THE FACADES IN CONTEXT
DIFFERENT USES WITHIN THE BUILDING
HEIGHT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 2 PARTS OF THE WALL
RAISED CORNER TO RESPOND TO SCALE OF TAY HOTEL
RAISED CORNERS ALONG DOCK STREET
HEIGHT TO RESPOND TO SCALE OF TAY HOTEL
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHAMFER OF TAY HOTEL AND THE NEW DEVELOPMENT
Should the corner raise up at the corner?
Chamfered corner to correspond with the context.
o .
CHAMFER IS VISIBLE DOWN UNION STREET
Chamfered corner to correspond with the context.
CHAMFER IS VISIBLE DOWN CHRICHTON STREET AS A THRESHOLD
Square corner to correspond with the context.
Scale responds to Caird Hall at the same time as the lower buildings of Dock Street.
SQUARE BEHIND CAIRD HALL, DOCK STREET
RELATIONSHIP OF WRAPPING MATERIAL TO THE CORNER
Smaller masonary above ground floor appears to work. The larger ground floor reads as a plinth.
Window beside the door to the upper floors is not in porportion to the rest of the facade.
THE NORMAL CONDITION
Too much Denfind stone. Should be articulated in a lesser way.
THE NORMAL CONDITION
A relationship between material to enhance the chamfer is important.
Corner entrance too large and clunky.
THE CORNER CONDITION
THE CORNER CONDITION
THE SPECIAL CONDITION The corner and normal conition work together as the corner tends to be a normal building sitting on a junction. The facades can be broken by special buildings; ones of a greater importance or a certain piblic building. Analysis of buildings in the immediate context were undertaken. It was found that it follows the same tripartite definition as normal facades. However the first floor appears as a more important building, often represented by the use of the piano noble. Responding to this the windows are longer and of a different proportion to that of the normal buildings.
GILFILAN CHURCH
LEGENDS PUB
11 - 13 CHRICHTON STREET
SIGNIFICANT BUILDING FULL CONCRETE
SIGNIFICANT BUILDING FULL STONE
SIGNIFICANT BUILDING FULL CONCRETE
SIGNIFICANT BUILDING FULL STONE
SIGNIFICANT BUILDING FULL CONCRETE
SIGNIFICANT BUILDING FULL STONE
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR UNDER AND ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR CONCRETE ON PIANO NOBLE
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR UNDER WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
STONE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR ABOVE WINDOW CONCRETE STRING COURSING
CONCRETE SIGNIFICANT BUILDING CONCRETE ON GROUND FLOOR STONE ON PIANO NOBLE
Lintel and sill around glazing makes them different from the normal condition.
One material weakens the transition between ground floor and upper floors.
Should there be a different depth betwwen the glazing and the entrance to the upper floors? THE SPECIAL CONDITION
Different material separates the upper floors.
Using Denfind stone on large parts of the facade detracts from the ‘city scale’
THE SPECIAL CONDITION
WINDOWS Investigations into different fenestration was undertaken in order to explore propotion and the plasticity involved.
Positive relief on the exterior facade
Sash and case window is Dundee type but it may be better to have a more refined ventilation strategy.
Depth on outside
Glazing flush with the internal wall gives the exterior of the building a thick and carved out aesthetic.
The proportions of the sash and case window appear disproportioned.
Depth on outside
Depth on outside and inside
A simple sill emphasises the ‘carved’ effect and strengthen the punctures in the facade.
Glazing positioned in the middle allows depth of the wall to be read both externally and internally. The Thickness of the Wall !:20
ORANJOLAAN HOUSING THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS RAPP + RAPP
EXETER LIBRARY NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA LOUIS KHAN
THE GROUND FLOOR INVESTIGATION Following analysis of the ground floor, further exploration was done, particularly focussing on the continutiy of the ground floor across a numer of different buidings. This would allow the development to be unified and read as one even though it will be built across a 30 year time span. Investigations into material articulation and how the ground floor works with the public realm.
Large blocks give a rubble effect which doesnt work in a city context.
LARGE MIXED COLOUR
Mixed size appears to rural for a city context.
MIXED SIZE AND COLOUR
DENFIND STONE ARTICULATION
Smaller stone could work as a contrast against the larger precast stone
SMALL MIXED COLOUR
Blue grey would sit better in the context of Dundee
SMALL BLUE/GREY
DENFIND STONE ARTICULATION
Retail unit signs needed
Entrances to retail units to differ from main entrances and should sit in with the glazing.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION INVESTIGATION
String coursing separating ground floor and upper floor is too unsubstantial to appar to hold up the building.
Akward size of string coursing. and stone would have to be very carefully articulated around the windows.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION INVESTIGATION
Should the lower coursing and the upper string coursing be equal.
Coursing too large and over scaled.
Make wrapping more around the door surround to emphasise the wrapping.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION INVESTIGATION
Doors are too tall. Bring scale down to a more appropriate height.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION INVESTIGATION
Buzzer panel for flats or offices above.
Opposit panel to have place for business plaques for offices above.
Equal plain for bottom and top coursing and wrapping around the doors.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION AND PLASTICITY INVESTIGATION
The door surround’s positive relief relates to the Dundee type. Wrapping isnt so clear when on a different plain.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION AND PLASTICITY INVESTIGATION
Flush windows to stonework should change to to allow for rough stone to go over glazing.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION AND PLASTICITY INVESTIGATION
Windows should move back reveal thickness of the stone and allows for the glazing to attach to the insulation.
How does the door to the retail unit fit.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION AND PLASTICITY INVESTIGATION
How is the upper floor doorway lit?
Threshold should be marked by Denfind flagstone
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION AND PLASTICITY INVESTIGATION
Lighting to be placed on either side of the return above the door height.
The bottom coursing will not be able to be flush witht the rough stone
cousring should be at an angle for water run off.
GROUND FLOOR MATERIAL ARTICULATION AND PLASTICITY INVESTIGATION
APPLYING INVESTIGATION TO THE LONG FACADE Following research in a smaller scale it is necessary to explore how these work when articulated on the longer facade. There is an investigstion into how the ground floor unifies the different buildings.
Distances between retail units are different. There should be a rythm to how they are distanced.
Equal distance allows the ground floor to be read as one.
The door line to the units do not line up with the windows above.
Distance of small stone to be larger when sitting beside main door entrances.
Doors line up with wndows above.
Distance of small stone to be smaller between retail unit windows.
Should the glazing line up with 2 windows above?
Retail glazing appears too small and less open to the public realm.
The continuity of the ground floor reads strongly as the upper floors change.
Could the addition of shop awnings enhance the public realm.
Awnings emphasise the more unique and artisan shops.
Dormer windows added to be less norther european in appearace.
Parapet allows a break between the roof and the facade.
Breaking the continuous roofline by changing the heights.
Change in height to allow for different dormer sizes
Less dormers could read better.
Smaller dormers behind the parapet.
Dormers appear more comfortable on the smaller buildings.