Terminal 1
Rafael Hernรกndez International Airport
Image provided by Ramey Air Force Base Historical Association.
Terminal 1
Rafael Hernรกndez International Airport
Capstone Design Project Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico | School of Architecture Joel J. Rosa-Cuevas 2016
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Why?
“The idea of making this Capstone Design Project was based on an interest in aviation, at the same time in airport design. How to combine two of my passions, architecture and travel. At that moment I knew that my project was to address the issue of terminal design.”
4
Aerial view of Aguadilla Airport.
city: Aguadilla country: Puerto Rico languages: Spanish, English population: 3,620,000 time zone: AST airports: SJU,BQN,PSE Image provided by fnairphoto; manipulated by the author.
5
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Abstract
Introduction During World War II, the United States Army developed a number of military bases for the protection of the Caribbean. Ramey Air Force Base was established in the town of Aguadilla on the island of Puerto Rico. After its closure in the 70s’, this military typology was used as a commercial airport reusing the hangars for the establishment of different uses. Consequently, there have been some proposals for the development of the airport at a commercial level, giving emphasis of the important use of flexible structures in airport design. On the other hand, the terrorist attack of 9/11, meant a change in the world of aviation; security is now a primary issue when it comes to terminal design. In addition, airports today have a commercial approach, the incorporation of external aviation programs is important both for the use of passengers and airport nearby users. Rafael Hernandez International Airport currently has a great performance as a cargo airport, and more recently as one of maintenance and repair of aircraft; Why not take advantage of all this boom to develop a commercial airport? Some points of the master plans proposed between 1970 and 2005, do not meet the recommendations of the ‘Federal Aviation Administration’ for airport design. Taking this as a starting point to address the situation at the Rafael Hernandez Airport, this proposal intends to ‘break’ with the current airport border, and take advantage of the uniqueness of its proximity to the city. Create a “non-place” a “place” is the purpose of the proposal, reorganizing the way the airport operates within the context, all revolving around the new passenger terminal.
6
These text was part of the Capstone Design I course, with Professor M. Oliver.
Aerial image of Aguadilla Airport and surroundings.
Image provided by GIS (Government of PR); manipulated by the author.
7
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
During World War II...
Air Force Base
8
Image provided by Ramey Air Force Base Historical Association.
Diagram of the Caribbean.
McDill Air Force Base
Ramey Air Force Base
Howard Air Force Base
year: 1940
9
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Main and Regional airports in Puerto Rico
Commercial Airport
10
Image provided by Puerto Rico Tourism Company.
Diagram of Puerto Rico Airports.
year: 2015
11
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
The city of Aguadilla has the best beaches, restaurants and even a port with the draft needed to bring cruises to the island. 12
Images provided by Puerto Rico Tourism Company; manipulated by the author.
Aerial image of the Northwest of Aguadilla city.
Access to Ramey
Image provided by Google Earth; manipulated by the author.
13
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Main roads around the airport PR-110 Industrial, commercial and residential access.
PR-107 Commercial and residential access.
Burns Rd. Residential access.
14
Image edited by the author.
Figure/ground diagram
PR-110
PR-107
Burns Rd.
15
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Ramey Program Diagram
16
Ramey Program diagram
17
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Borinquen (BQN) airport data
18
Airport Program diagram
Source: Master Plan Update. Enrique Ruiz and associates; Campbell and paris, p.c. | Year: 2005 ; Image manipulated by the author.
19
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
One of the principal problems... Passenger Flow. Current passenger terminal
Passenger Flow. Contemporary passenger terminal
20
One of the principal problems...
Image provided by Ramey Air Force Base Historical Association. 3d graphic by Apple Maps; manipulated by the author.
21
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Forecast
the 2005 Master Plan for BQN... “Establish itself as the #2 Port of Entry to Puerto Rico by attracting additional point-to-point and low-cost carrier service...”
22
Master Plan Update. 2005
Business/General Aviation
MRO
Commercial Development
Cargo Development
Non-Airside Development
Source: Master Plan Update. Enrique Ruiz and associates; Campbell and paris, p.c. | Year: 2005 ; manipulated by the author.
23
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
New overhaul facility in the Caribbean. Lufthansa Technik
Aguadilla, PR (BQN) can be reached from all major cities in North and Latin America and from Europe within the range of an A320 (commercial passenger jet).
24
New Airport Programs
New overhaul facility in the Caribbean. Lufthansa Technik
Source: Lufthansa Technik Puerto Rico; Image manipulated by the author.
25
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Problems
Problems:
.military architecture .master plans proposed a misuse of land .no incorporation to the local context Current Airport terminal. Former Hangar for B-52.
26
.lack of external programs to aviation
Design Problem Question
Relevancy: Currently, the airport primarily role is cargo, and even more recently as an MRO, Why not take advantage of all this boom to develop a commercial airport? In addition, have the facilities in case of a natural disaster in LMM Airport, to cover the demand for flights landing and taking off in Puerto Rico.
Image provided by GIS (Government of PR); manipulated by the author.
27
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Other considerations...
September 11,2001 FAA Closure of U.S. Air Space
New issues regarding security matters in airport design. 28
Other considerations...
Image Source: NASA
29
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Precedents
T4 Madrid-Barajas Airport Richard Rogers Spain. 2004
Floor plan
30
Imaged provided by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners; manipulated by the author.
Other considerations...
Modular and Flexible Structure towards the future. 31
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Scale Reference
32
Other considerations...
Puerto Rico primary airports
Image provided by Google Earth; manipulated by the author.
33
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
34
Architecture Proposal
35
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Architecture Proposal Aguadilla Airport (BQN) currently serves as the second gateway to the island of Puerto Rico. However, its military typology is preserved after being an Air Force Base during World War II. On the other hand, the current configuration of its passenger terminal does not meet the contemporary needs of traveling.
role: cargo, commercial flights, ftz, others. coordinates: 18° 30’ N - 67° 08’ W AOE status: public & civil lights: HIRL, REILO, PAPI traffic pattern: Left settlement: 3 miles NE of Aguadilla FAR 139 Cert: Yes
Currently, the airport primarily role is cargo, and even more recently as one of maintenance and repair of aircraft for different airlines. The need to develop and change the military typology of it, is relevant. Since the decade of the 70’s, several master plans for its development have emerged. This proposal takes as its starting point the Master Plan submitted by Ports Authority in 2005. The proposal is based in the develop of the first phase of the commercial passenger terminal on the south side of the airport, developing a modular structure with potential for expansion in the future. The design is based on rescuing the idea of an airport to tell us about their place, in this case a tropical context in the Caribbean.
36
These text was part of the Capstone Design II and III courses, with Professor M. Martínez.
Architecture proposal
Aerial night view of the proposed commercial terminal. 37
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Context plan. Not to scale
Typical terminal complex configuration
Typical linear terminal and concourse configuration
38
Context plan
39
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Site plan. Not to scale Covered parking with solar panels.
maintenance office water tank of 10,000 Gal. each one. (potable and fire) electrical substation
Schematic plan
air cooled chillers. 400 Ton. generators trinch
terminal parking landscape
Schematic Section along the site. 40
Site plan
41
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Completed three phases. Not to scale Model shows the airport within his context, and the area of the proposal.
Model shows all three phases Terminal 1: center Terminal 2: left Terminal 3: right
1/5000” = 1’-0” Scale model
1/32” = 1’-0” Scale model
Aerial view showing the completed commercial terminal. 42
Completed three phases
Parti
Schematic floor plan
Connection diagram with phases II and III
Lateral connections through patios.
South elevation 43
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
First floor plan. Not to scale
Circulation:
Passenger flow diagram for U.S. domestic arrivals and departures.
44
Arrival passengers Departure passengers
First floor plan
45
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Second floor plan. Not to scale
Zoning/Evacuation diagram
Exterior view of Terminal 1. 46
Second floor plan
47
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Sections. Not to scale
Section B
48
Sections
Section A
Section C
49
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Section Blow-Up. Not to scale
Cross ventilation diagram Runway/traffic pattern: 8/26 11,702 x 200 asphalt/concrete elevation: 237’ Fuel: 100LL Jet A1 ARFF: 24/7 Weather info: 24/7 (AWOS)
Aerial view showing the airport apron area with the new runway. 50
Section Blow-Up
Section C
51
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Elevations. Not to scale
Section model representing all the structural systems of the building.
1/16” = 1’-0” Scale model 52
Elevations
East Elevation
North Elevation
South Elevation 53
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Frequencies: ATIS: 118.375 APC/DPC: 124.35 TWR: 124.95 GRND: 120.875 CTAF: 124.95 VOR: 113.5 BQN
Exterior view of Terminal 1 showing the drop-off area and the proposed public space. 54
55
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Kit of parts. Exploded axonometric
56
Kit of parts. Exploded axonometric
Legend:
1
1. Roofing. Inclined metal roof 2.Structural System. Laminated wood beams 3.Structural System. Laminated wood columns with concrete base.
2
4.Second floor 5.Structural System. Two-way waffle slab with round columns.
3
6.First floor 7.Structural System and Enclosure. Steel structure with wood louvers. 8.Steel transition (from landside to airside) bridges
4
b 8
a 5
9.Patio has a divider (from landside to airside and backwards) a. Landside b. Airside
b
6
9 a
7 57
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Structural diagrams. Not to scale Typical special beam Beam used in project
Axonometric projection of the roof structural system. 58
Roof plan. Rainwater collection system
Structural diagrams
Structural plan 59
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Structural diagrams. Not to scale
Two-way waffle slab system 60
Structural diagrams
First floor structural plan 61
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Structural diagrams. Not to scale
Restrooms structural plan 62
Structural diagrams
Legend: 1. Fabral’s Ultra Rib panel. 26ga Steel 1 1/2” thick. 36” width 2. 2” Roxul insulation 3. 3/4” Plywood panel with maple finish 4. 6” x 12” rafter 5. 6” x 6” Wood joist @ 6’ - 0” 6. 4” x 4” Wood joist @ 2’ - 0” 7. 6” x 6” Wood joist 8. 4’ - 6” x 4’ - 6” Fixed window with 2”x6” wood louvers @ 0’-6” 9. 1” Smooth concrete finish with sealant 10. 6” x 6” wood column 11. 42” Timber frame railing with aluminum 12. 1” Pre cast terrazzo 13. Concrete cement 14. 6” Cast in place concrete floor slab 15. 6” Concrete foundation 16. 3/4” Waterproof laminated 17. Grave 18. Compacted soil 19. 6” Diam. Perforated drain pipe
Wall Section 1 63
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Structural diagrams. Not to scale Legend: 1. Fabral’s Ultra Rib panel. 26ga Steel 1 1/2” thick. 36” width 2. 3” Roxul insulation 3. 3/4” wood panel 4. 12” x 20” rafter @ 7’ - 0” 5. 2” x 6” wood joist @ 2’ - 0” 6. Steel connection 7. 6” x 12” tubular steel column 8. 6” x 6” tubular steel beam 9. 2” x 6” wood louver @ 0’ - 8” 10. 6” x 12” tubular steel beam 11. Custom steel beam 12. 3/4” glass panel 13. 2” x 4” wood louver 14. Schluter metal ramp 15. 6” joint expansion 16. 1/4” wood decking 17. Concrete cement 18. 1” Pre cast terrazzo 19. Concrete cement 20. Post top luminaire 21. Sprinkler water supply pipe 22. Custom air conditioner ducts 23. Conveyor belt 24. Recessed luminaire 25. 12” Diameter concrete column
64
26. Light gauge steel. continuous runner 27. 5/8” Exterior wall finish 28. 1/2” Insulation board 29. 2 3/8” Fiberglass building insulation 30. 1” Resilient channel 31. 1/2” Gypsum board 32. Recessed luminaire 33. 24” Depth two way waffle slab. 5” ribs and 24” x 24” module. 34. 1/4” opaque glass. Valcor picture window 35. 1/4” glass. Valcor picture window 36. 1/4” smooth concrete finish 37. Concrete cement 38. 6” Cast in place concrete floor slab 39. Recessed floor luminaire 40. 10” Concrete foundation 41. 3/4” waterproof laminated 42. Grave 43. 6” Diam. perforated drain pipe 44. Compacted soil 45. 48” Cast in place concrete floor slab 46. Recessed luminaire 47. 8’ x 6’ x 6’ concrete base 48. Laminated Birch wood columns (see structural dwg.) 49. 16” x 24” Aluminum gutter
Structural diagrams
Wall Section 2 65
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
66
Passenger flow visuals
67
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Departures
Building circulation diagram 68
Passenger flow visuals
Departures
Exterior night view showing the entrance of Terminal 1.
Drop-off area 69
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Interior view towards the information center and the second floor lobby.
70
Passenger flow visuals
Departures
View showing the landside concessions area.
Check-In counters 71
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Interior view showing the farewell area.
72
Passenger flow visuals
Departures
View after security checkpoint. These bridges will led you through the gates.
Security Checkpoint 73
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Interior view towards the gates.
74
Passenger flow visuals
Departures
Waiting Area 75
Rafael Hernåndez Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Arrivals
Building circulation diagram 76
Passenger flow visuals
Arrivals
Interior view towards the gates; it can be noticed the repetition of the structural system.
77
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
View of the Baggage claim area. 78
Passenger flow visuals
Arrivals
View of the Baggage claim area; the passengers can feel the presence of the tropics.
Baggage Claim 79
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
View from the patio.
80
Passenger flow visuals
Arrivals
View showing the restrooms area in both landside and airside sides.
81
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Exterior view of Terminal 1 and the arrivals curb.
82
Passenger flow visuals
Arrivals
Drop-Off area 83
Rafael Hernández Int’l Airport / Terminal 1
Contact:
Joel J. Rosa Cuevas jrosa.cuevas@gmail.com 1.787.422.9328
Special thanks to: Prof. M. Martínez, Prof. M. Oliver, Edgar Sierra (PRPA), Plan. Manuel Hidalgo (Mun. of Aguadilla) and others who make this possible. 84
By any mean, this document may not be reproduced without prior permission of the author. 85