Architecture Portfolio Joseph Lippe
PROFILE 06 __ Design Projects 01 MUSEUM OF ANCIENT LIFE Archaeological Museum for Champaign 11 02 SYMBIOSIS Masterplan for Suzhou’s Historic District 21 03 FARM FUTAKO-TAMAGAWA Community Farm School in Tokyo 35 04 THEATRE HOUSE A House for Performance Artists 45
04
Laboratory Work 05 CONTENTS SPACE
Tokyo Research 55 06 WINTER BEHAVIOROLOGY A House for Enjoying the Harsh Cold 63 07 コモナリティーズ
空間の生産 73 __ Photography 79
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- PROFILE -
J OSEP H GEO R G E LIP P E ジョセフ ジョージ リッピー
b. 14 February 1991 Iloilo City, Philippines. Nationality: United States of America e-mail/ lippe.joseph@gmail.com mobile/ 080 (9340) 8079 HELLO!
こんにちは！
The following pages contain a collection of works from my undergraduate and graduate architectural studies. Through these projects, I hope to express my attempts to find answers to the architectural problems I am most interested in—namely, how can we create space that is meaningful to those who occupy it and what can we learn from observing the everday lives of those around us? In his book For an Architecture of Reality, Michael Benedikt wrote that “significance [is achieved] by how buildings come to be and how they continue to be a part of the lives of the people who dream them, build them, own them and use them.” It is important to remember that the people who inhabit our buildings are everday people with everyday lives. By observing their everyday activities, we can find clues as to how people naturally find meaning in the spaces around them. These are the ideas I hope the research and projects in this portfolio can convey. They are my attempt at creating places for people to inhabit in the spaces we find around us.
このポートフォリオは、大学と大学院で行っ た建築設計とリサーチを紹介します。このプロ ジェクトを通じて、私にとっては最も面白い建 築問題への応答を試みました。その問題は、ま ず、いかに空間に居住する人たちのために意味 のある場所を作れるか。また、周りの人たちの 日常生活を観察することで何を理解できるか。 Michael Benedikt は「For an Architecture of Reality」で、建物の重要性はその建物のあり方、 あるいはその建物はいかに考えた・建てた・持 った・使用した人々の人生の一部であり続ける かということによって現れるように述べていま す。我々建築家が作る建物を居住する人々は、 日常の生活を過ごしている日常の人間です。そ ういった人々の日常生活を観察することで、居 住する空間にどのような意味を持っているのか 理解できると思います。 そういったアイディアをこのポートフォリオ に乗っているプロジェクトで実験してみまし た。周りの「空間」に居住する人たちのために 「場」を作ってみました。
Enjoy!
どうぞ宜しくお願い致します。
- PASSIONS Photography (hobbyest/amateur) Travel Learning languages 06
Outdoor adventure (camping/canoeing) Soccer / Futsal Music (saxophone and piano)
- EDUCATION Tokyo Institute of Technology / Tokyo, Japan. Master of Engineering, Architecture Tsukamoto Yoshiharu Laboratory 石森記念北米有効奨学基金 2014 JASSO Honors Scholarship FY 2013
October 2013 - September 2015
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign / Champaign, IL. Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies Gargoyle Honors Society Architectural honors society for academic excellence Edward C. Earl Prize Nominated for excellence in undergraduate studios
August 2009 - May 2013
Ecole Superieure d’Architecture de Versailles / Versailles, France. International program: Third Year Bachelor Studies Edward C. Earl Prize Honorable mention for excellence in undergraduate studios
August 2011 - May 2012
- WORK EXPERIENCE Tezuka Architects / Tokyo, Japan. Intern Architect Model making, presentation preparation
August - September 2014
Wheeler Kearns Architects / Chicago, Illinois. Architectural Intern Schematic design and design development, construction drawings, model making, presentation preparation
May - August 2013 December 2012 - January 2013
Nevin Hedlund Architects / River Forest, Illinois. Architectural Intern Schematic design and design development, construction drawings, research, fieldwork and analysis, presentation preparation
May - August 2012 May - August 2011
- COMPETITIONS 5th LIXIL International University Architecture Competition Taiki-cho, Hokkaido, Japan.
March 2015
Community Forests International Cabin Design Competition New Brunswick, Canada.
February 2014
UIUC Mobile Library App Competition Champaign, Illinois. 2nd Place Mobile application designed for the university library GAB UIUC Fall 2012 Mini Design Competition Santa Rosa, Honduras. 1st Place Design for a water collection system for an existing elementary school
February 2013
December 2012
- RELEVANT SKILLS Google SketchUp Autodesk AutoCAD Autodesk Revit Adobe Photoshop Adobe Indesign
Adobe Illustrator Hand Modeling Hand Rendering English (native) Japanese (limited working proficiency 07
Design Projects
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01 - MUSEUM OF ANCIENT LIFE Archaeological Museum for Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies Senior Capstone Project Nomination for Edward C. Earl Prize December 2012
Project Type Cultural Location Champaign, Illinois
The museum is an exploration of how people experience space. It occupies a critical corner in the historical downtown of the city of Champaign, gathering together a variety of people (students, residents, etc.) from all different directions. From the physical visualization of spatial sequence, to the careful consideration of materials, the project experiments with a variety of methods of enhancing the visitors appreciation of space. The museum thus becomes not only a container for experience [the exhibit], but also becomes a part of the experience.
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Spatial Sequence The undulating wooden screen guides you into the entrance garden, where you are confronted with the enormous dinosaur skeleton. As you approach the entrance, you can feel under your feet the rhythmic variations in the floor as it changes from stone to wood and back again. On the other side of the glass, you can see the continuous flow of people moving through the exhibit,
layers of movement that draw you further and further into the building. Past reception, you turn your body, your hand naturally grabbing the extended handrail that pulls you toward the exhibit as your eyes catch the skeleton of dinosaur once more, this time framed by the edge of the floor above. You make your way down into the excavation pit and up the large stairs to the second floor.
Layers of Movement
West Elevation 1/16� = 1’-0 12
North Elevation 1/16” = 1’-0 13
5 6 T-Rex Skeleton 3
4 7
1 8
First Floor Plan 1 Entrance Garden 2 Reception / Gift Shop 1/16” = 1’-0” 3 Archaeological Exhibtion Trench 4 Additional Exhibitions 5 Staff Workroom 6 Coordinator’s Office 7 Receiving / Storage 8 Mechanical Room
East Elevation 1/16” = 1’-0 14
2
11
12
T-Rex Skeleton 10 9
13
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Second Floor Plan 9 10 1/16” = 1’-0” 11 12 13 14
Exhibition Balcony Conference Room Staff Offices Director’s Office Library Mechanical Room
Transverse Section 1/16” = 1’-0 15
Materiality This project experiences with the application of material to enhance the experience of the visitor. The wooden screen provides a soft, but inviting enclosure. Inside the entrance garden, the visitors experience the variety of floor materials as it changes from soft wood to hard stone and back again. The building utilizes local materials such
as limestone and travertine to maintain the memory of the site, while also remaining approriate to the concept of an archaeological museum. The complex wooden ceiling continues from the exhibition space onto the walls of the offices and conference room, providing a complete experience for thos who use the building on a daily basis.
Limestone Pavers
Terrazo Tile
Travertine Panel
Rough Cut Wood
Exposed Steel
Section Perspective 16
Building Systems As the senior capstone project, the building is designed with consideration for all the major components of a constructed facility: structural and mechanical requirements, life saftey, etc.
K-SERIES GIRDERS AND JOISTS FRESH AIR SUPPLY SUSPENSION CABLE
EXHAUST AIR RETURN
W-SHAPE BEAMS AND GIRDERS A
B 36’ - 0”
C
D
8’ - 0”
E
36’ - 0”
F
24’ - 0”
24’ - 0”
W16
0”
W16
W8 W18
W16
5
W- SHAPE COLUMN
16K
2
20’ - 0”
W8
30K
30’ -
4
20’ - 0”
1
W18 W16
15’ -
0”
6
3
30K
12” CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL
16K
Roof Line
30’ -
HOT WATER SUPPLY FOR RADIANT HEATING
24K
0”
G 30’ -
0”
H
Structural System
30’ -
0”
I
J
Mechanical System
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Conference Room
Library
18
19
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02 - SYMBIOSIS Masterplan for Suzhou’s Historic District November 2015
Project Type Masterplan / Urban Design Location Tokyo Team Yinging Liu, Aiko Suzuki, Junxi Wu, Jian Xu
The historical district of Suzhou is deteriorating. Once consisting of beautiful, traditional Chinese houses, the area has been left to lapse into a state where homes are not maintained and its tiny spaces are continuously filled with people and their possessions. These homes no longer fulfill the requirements of modern living. Additionally, the area lacks the younger generations, leading to an increasingly elderly population. The site, upon which once stood a large school, now remains as a garbage dump containing bits and pieces of the old school. This project attempts to revitalize the neighborhood, by creating places for a variety of people to participate in a variety of activities. By using the existing trees as growth points for the new community, we maintain the memory of the area, keep the connection with the nearby historical Yi Garden, and provide the necessary ammenities and public space for a modern urban lifestyle.
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Poor Living Conditions The environment around the site is a historical district that has fallen into a state of poor conditions. The once beautiful houses built in a traditional style have aged for the worse. The old buildings are losing their structural integrity. Additionally, they no longer fulfill the requirements
of modern living. Residents have crammed themselves and their belongings into the small spaces, utilizing every square meter possible. Another problem is decrease in the younger generations in the area, which results in a lack of diversity and activity.
Poor living conditions
Large contrast in scale
SITE
Unbalanced Texture Visiting the site, one can see the large contrast between the tall, new buildings and the small, traditional dwellings. These boundaries are clearly marked by the presence of large trunk roads such as Ganjiang West Road, which can reach widths of as much as 40 meters. Such a division of space breaks and divides the urban texture, leading to segregation of people of different ages and statuses.
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Symbiosis Symbiosis is a scientific term that typically refers to the long and intimate, mutually beneficial relationship between two or more biological species. A phenomenon found in animals, plants, fungi, etc., each party in the relationship relies on the actions of the others for their mutual survival. Humans + Nature Spontaneous behavior
We propose symbiosis as the fundamental concept for restoring a healthy and lively atmosphere back to the historic district of Suzhou. By observing the behaviors of humans and buildings in the city, we can find a series of key symbiotic relationships in the urban condition:
Citizen + Site Freedom to create space
Examples of Hybrid Space in a Single Building
Old + New Mutual sustainability
Examples of Hybrid Space Among Multiple Buildings
House + Shop
Musician studio
Show place
Tradition residential
school
House + Museum commercial
museum Community center
Community Center + Office
Hotel
commercial Park
The symbiotic community focuses on the relationships between elements in these three symbiotic urban conditions, encouraging the development of these relationships through the creation of hybrid space. At the scale of a single building, the mixture of functions allows for varieties of activities to occur. At the scale of the city, the mixture of functions creates borders—the flow of different people in these borders allow for the production of spontaneous behaviors that give new life to the community. These methods allow for harmonious neighborhood relations, provide efficient public space, generate new lifestyles and preserve existing conditions while allowing for new ones to evolve. 23
Trees There are a number of existing trees scattered around the site. Historically, objects such as these trees, wells, or bodies of water, often became the starting points and centers of communities. This project also proposes to use the existing
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trees as the core of the community, denoting public spaces around which the community can grow. In this way we can create new spaces while at the same time maintaining the memory of the district.
Relating to the Trees Public space is created around the existing trees—but how can we make the space around the trees significant enough for people to gather? It is important to emphasize the existence of the trees already belonging to the site, as they keep the memory of the area. We propose two methods.
Random vs. Regulated The first method is to plan the buildings and new trees in a regulated grid pattern. Mixed in with the randomness of the existing trees, this will create unique relationships between the old trees, new trees and the architecture. Existing trees
Existing Trees Random Pattern
Trees New trees
Connecting paths Planning
New Trees Regulated Pattern
Green land
Architecture Structural Grid
Build
Architecture
Materality / Texture
Connect
Juxtaposition
Physical Connection The second method is to create physical connections between humans and the existing trees, experimenting with how people experience objects in space. The existing trees are treated as monumental objects around which spaces are created through the construction of elements in direct contact with the trees, differences in materiality in the trees’ environments, and the position of buildings in relation to the trees, among other ways.
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C
Shops
Museum
B
Auditorium
Cafe
Shops
Existing Residences and Shops
Stage Hall
A
Community Center Workshops
Library
Gallery
Community Center Guest Houses
Community Center
New Residences and Shops
Guest Houses
Existing Residences
C
Site Plan 1:1000
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Existing condition
B Hotel and Shops
New shops, residences as well as parts of the community center are built.
Market space Festivals
Guest Houses Hotel
A
Existing homes become guest houses. The school and the museum are built.
Shops Hotel Weekend Park & Festivals
The hotel and large shopping areas are completed.
Exhibition
Culture School
Residential Commercial Museum Community / Education Hotel
Time Lapse The area is developed over time, centered around the growth points of the existing trees and based on the wishes of the residents. This gives flexibility to the residents to make their own space, though major functions such as the hotel and museum are predetermined with respect to the activities of the people. 27
Isometric of Park
Section A 28
Commercial
Education
Hotel
Community Center
Museum 29
Isometric of Shopping Street
Section B 30
Commercial
Education
Hotel
Community Center
Museum 31
Isometric of Community Square
Section C 32
Commercial
Education
Hotel
Community Center
Museum 33
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03 - FARM FUTAKO-TAMAGAWA Community Farm School in Tokyo May 2014
Project Type Community / Educational Complex Location Tokyo Team Yoshiharu Notsu, Rina Takagi, Inez Tan
This project aims to create new community and educational opportunities for a neighborhood losing its character, by providing an education-based farm and workshop facility that reconnects city dwellers with the agricultural process and the chance for the community to gather and work together. Originally Tamagawa High School before the Tokyo secondary school system was rearranged, the site maintains most of the original school facilities, including the main classroom buildings, gymnasium, dĹ?jĹ?, sports fields and swimming pool. Directly across the street from the site is the new Futako Tamagawa Rise development, consisting of three residential towers, an office tower and a large park, all connected with the new commercial development around Futako Tamagawa station. The remaining surrounding site context includes primarily single- and multi-family residential buildings.
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Problems We identified two major problems in the Futako Tamagawa area that are necessary to be addressed. Problem 1: Lack of Culture and Education With the closing of Tamagawa High School and its conversion into the Tokyo Metropolitan Archives, there is a considerable lack of educational and community-orientated programs in the area, especially with the new corporate and residential
redevelopment and increase in commercial activity around the station. Problem 2: Ignorance Concerning Supermarket Goods Living in one of the world’s biggest cities—especially in an area with recent large-scale urban redevelopment—causes people to lose connection with the agricultural industry that provides the goods they buy in a typical urban supermarket.
Multi-family Residence マンション・アパート
Single-family Residence 戸建て住宅
Government / Municipality Multi-family Residence 政府・都市 Single-family Residence オフィス・事務所 Government/Municipality Shop / Business 店舗・商業 Office/Workplace Education 教育 Shops/Businesses / Cultural Education Community 社会・文化 Community/Cultural
Mass-stocked Supermarket Goods
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Solution Farm School and Workshops provides an opportunity for city-dwellers to directly experience the agricultrual experience that results in the everyday goods they buy at the supermarket. Residents can participate in workshops that include the growing of crops and the raising of livestock such as chickens, cows and sheep. Goods produced in the farm can be sold in the shops, restaurant and cafe in the
community shopping street. Through this approach, the community spirit of the Futako Tamagawa area can be rekindled through the community farm and workshops; the commercial district can regain a sense of local flavor by selling goods produced through community effort; and everyone can understand and reconnect to the agriculture processes that produce their supermarket goods.
Row of Programmed Function + Corridor
Enclosed Multi-purpose Space
Large Exterior Open Space
Public Water Element
School
Farm
Re-Interpretation of the School Building All high school buildings are comprised of basic functions and their corresponding spaces—for example, classrooms as a row of specific functions along a corridor; a gymnasium as a large, enclosed multi-purpose space; the sports field as a large exterior open space. By preserving as much of the existing school building as possible, these spaces and functions are re-interpreted as a template for the new agricultural program. 37
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REF. REF.
18
OVEN
16 GRINDING
OVEN
THRESHING
13 10
CURING
15
14
First Floor Plan 1:1000
38
12
11
20
6
4
21
3 5
2
1
8
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Library Cafeteria Reception Petting Park Exhibition/Information Organic Food Shops Cafe
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Restaurant Market/Event Space Storage Greenhouse Garden Crops Garden Workshop Greenhouses Wheat Field
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Grain Processing Building Bakery Pond Shop Pond/Park Pasture Barn Dairy Processing Building 39
Pool Sports Field
Dojo
Classrooms
Existing Structure
Demolishing and Adjusting Pond Pasture
Barn Shopping Street
Crops
New
Elevation from Futako Tamagawa Rise
Section Perspective through Shopping Street
Section Perspective through Barn
Elevation through Shopping Street The project differentiates old and new through material expression. The existing school buildings maintain their concrete structure, keeping the memory of the old Tamagawa High School building. Added finishes to the school buildings, adjustments to the old dĹ?jĹ? and new structures are expressed with wood, traditional to farm-style building.
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Perspective in Greenhouse
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04 - THEATRE HOUSE A House for Performance Artists December 2013
Project Type Residential Location Midorigaoka, Tokyo
With the close of the Second World War, Japan was thrown into a period of extensive reconstruction that included a high demand for housing. In addition to the surge of public housing projects, home-building companies adopted the nLDK planning system from American models and began prefabricating houses in multitudes. High-paced urban expanision resulting from sudden economic prosperity, coupled with this industrialization of the construction process resulted in an overcrowded and highly dense city. The residents of cities such as Tokyo responded to the “chaotic city� with concrete fences and increasingly introverted homes. The Japanese people have withdrawn from the city. How can the house be designed so that residents can once again play a role in the community? Residences should be designed to include space that welcomes people from outside of the family into the home. Theatre House in Midorigaoka provides such a space, a sort of community theatre inside the home that allows for the intermingling of a variety of people.
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Description The house is for two performance artists and their children. Their work is ephemeral and not object-oriented. It is directed toward people and the interactions between those around us. Their projects challenge people to break the boundaries of personal space. Observers become a part of the performance. The house is like the performers—by becoming a theatre for the community, it challenges the boundaries of public and private. The artists
invite others into the house to observe and participate in unusual performances and activities, such as foot-washing and giving out free hugs. The public become part of the private.The site—a wedge-shaped plot at the intersection of a residential road and the green road between Jiyugaoka and Midorigaoka—is perfect place for this community theatre. Finally, the Japanese citizens can reopen their doors to the city.
Praxis: Brainard and Delia Carey http://twobodies.com/indexclassic.html
Tokyo Tech Centennial Hall
House in Yokohama
Reference from Shinohara The Fourth Style
Single main volume with attached shapes
Two main intersecting volumes
Kazuho Shinohara responded to the “chaotic city” with a literal, formal expression of chaos. His so-called fourth style featured forms derived from the seemingly random collision of shapes, which was in fact an attempt at what he called “controlled randomness.” House in Yokohama (1985) involved the collision of smaller volumes, each with a specific function, into an overall volume. Centennial Hall at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (1987) explores the relationships and spaces created by the collision of two main volumes. By utilizing the concept of seemingly random collision of volumes, Theatre House in Midorigaoka similarly explores the relationships created and boundaries broken when public and private meet. 46
1 Removable Screens
Footwashing Area
3
2 Removable Screens 5
8
4
6
Tiered Seating 7
First Floor Plan 1:200
1 2 3 4
Entrance Performance Area Outdoor Seating Area Indoor Seating Area
5 6 7 8
Tatami Room Bedroom Storage Closet 47
A
9
10
11 12 13
A’
Second Floor Plan 1:200
Section A-A’ 1:200 48
9 10 11 12
Living + Dining 13 Bathroom Kitchen 14 Bedroom Lavatory 15 Bedroom Toilet
A
14
15
A’
Third Floor Plan 1:200
South Elevation 1:200 49
250
55
茶道 tea ceremony 洗足エリア footwashing area
50
パーフォーマンス エリア performance area
無料ハグ free hugs
5300
寝室 bedroom
300
リビング + ダイニング living + dining
500
東工大生
250
2900
tokyo tech students
ハイファイブ high-five 近似のおじいさんとおばあさん
100
elderly neighbors
土間 earthen floor 51
Laboratory Work
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05 - CONTENTS SPACE Tokyo Research ongoing
This project has been omitted from the online version of this portfolio for permission reasons.
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06 - WINTER BEHAVIOROLOGY A House for Enjoying the Harsh Cold 5th LIXIL International University Architecture Competition March 2015
Project Type Experimental House Location Taiki-cho, Hokkaido Team Sara Hayashi, Rasmus Larsen, Jakob Sellaoui
Winter is, in many places, the harshest and most difficult season to endure. The severity of the freezing cold and the troubles associated with snow result in a variety of behaviors unique to the places like Hokkaido, where people attempt to turn these problems into something positive. The changing of seasons leads to natural phenomena that occur according to the changing phases of water. By observing these natural phenomena, we can also find the behaviors of water, ice and snow and in how people treat them. This house captures these unique winter behaviors, collecting them under one big roof. Enjoying these behaviors and activities becomes a way for enjoying the harsh cold.
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Roof Plastic straws 2.5m long x 5m ø
Bathtub A perfect way to finish a day of sledding on the roof
Fiber-reinforced Plastic Panels
Pechka Our house borrows from the traditional Russian oven known as the “pechka.” Heat from the fire can be used for cooking and boiling water, as well as providing a warm platform for sleeping on.
BEHAVIORS AROUND WINTER We are interested in how coldness physically manifests itself in the behaviors of water and humans. The house consists of several activities relating to the changing phases of water, from solidifying into snow and ice to evaporating in clouds of steam. 64
Sledding As snow covers the landscape, so too is the big roof covered, transforming into a big sledding hill. One can climb the roof, view the amazing landscape and slide into the snow.
Sledding on the snow Snow, up to 1m thick
Primary and Roof Structure Timber framing
Icicle Viewing
Icicle Viewing Room A room inside the thickness of the roof for sleeping or sitting while enjoying the wintry landscape
Sofa Bench Earthen Floor Concrete Foundation
Steamy Hot Bath
Icicles Typically seen as the dangerous result of melting ice, icicles can also become complex and beautiful formations. Sun hitting the roof and the warmth of the space inside melt the snow, creating a beautiful foreground to a wintry landscape.
Bathing Nothing heats the naked body better than being submerged into hot water. After hours of sledding on the roof, visitors can relax in the bath. The contrast from freezing cold to extremely hot can only truly be experienced in winter. 65
Earthen Floor
Pechka 4550 Straw
910
1365
2730
First Floor Plan Perspective 1:100 66
4550 Winter Garden
3640
1875
Bath
Up to 1 meter snow
Icicles
3400
Straw
Pechka 1000
Earthen Floor
2275
4550
2275
Section Perspective 1:100 67
Bath
Second Floor Plan 1:100
Up to 1 meter snow Straw
Bath
Winter Garden Pechka
1865
68
1365
910
4550
4550
ROOF Conceptually, the house consists of a massive roof in which a variety of behaviors exist. Already one meter thick, the roof ’s massiveness is added to by layers of accumulated snow. Close to the ground, the roof becomes a sledding hill for children of all ages to enjoy the snow.
Roof Spaces It is within this roof that the behaviors around water and snow are inhabited. These spaces, embedded within the straws themselves, create opportunities for people to enjoy the behaviors around water and snow, and thus are able to enjoy the harsh cold.
Straws Inspired by ancient Japanese pit-dwellings, the massive roof is constructed of millions of straws. Instead of the traditional natural straws, however, this roof is made of extra-long plastic drinking straws, which have the unique ability to utilize the viscosity of water to prevent it from penetrating into the house. The materiality and thickness of the roof also provide an excellent thermal barrier, while the translucency of the straws still manages to let light in.
Section Perspective 1:100
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Approach
70
71
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07 - コモナリティーズ ふるまいの生産 25 April 2014
Project Type Publication Publisher LIXIL Shuppan Team Sara Hayashi, Kei Sasaki Contribution Literary Analysis, Translation, Public Space Drawing
Atelier Bow-Wow’s latest publication is an accumulation of research on the production of human behavior in public spaces around the world. The book includes discussions with artists, historians and philosophers; fieldwork and drawings from public space in cities around the world; summaries of writings from architects, artists and philosophers; and examples of Atelier Bow-Wow’s own work in public space.
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As members of Tsukamoto Laboratory at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, we assisted in the preparation of materials for the book. This included reading and summarizing literature from architects, artists and philosophers.
I had the job of reading and summarizing in Japanese Cedric Price’s Works II and Phaidon’s book on Francis Alÿs. I also drew the public space drawing of the Tokyo Institute of Technology’s hanami.
Time and Timing
The architect/planner must exercise all his expertise, on being asked for artefactual conditioning, on the relevance of or necessity for doing anything at all (p.19). The one [time] provides the fourth dimension to design, the other [timing] reminds one that to be late can be to be lost... However, to obtain real value from a combination of both time and timing requires both these two measurable and controllable design commodities to be used so as to enable an even looser rein on those factors which are unchartable or at least which may suffer from control and measurement... The built environment is becoming a generous repository of buildings for nervous minds rather than a three-dimensional manifestation of a current optimistic civilization (p.36-7). Instantaneous architectural response to a particular problem is too slow. Architecture must concern itself continually with the socially beneficial distortion of the environment (p.92).
タイム＆タイミング
建築家、設計者は、古いものをメンテ ナンスする必要があるかどうか、何を するにも妥当性や必要性があるかど うかを考えることに持てる力のすべ てを行使しなければならない[p.19] タイムは、設計に四つ目の次元を提 供し、タイミングは、送れるというこ とが、失うということになりうること を人々に想起させる[…]タイムとタ イミング の 組 合 わ せ から本 当 の 価 値を得るには、設計のなかで、その 要因をゆるい手綱のように使い、タ イムと対ムングを、計測可能で制御 することがで きる有 効 な 要 素 が あ る[…]建築界には、臆病な人々に守 られた使い道のない建築が蓄積さ れつつある[p.36-7]
それぞれの問
題に対する瞬間的な建築の反応は 遅すぎる。建築は、絶えず、社会的に た め になるような 環 境 の ひ ず み に ついて気にかけねばなるまい[p.92]
Works II by Cedric Price Published by the Architectural Association in 1984, this book introduces five sets of doubles as guidelines for Cedric Price’s architectural design—“Action and inaction,” “Time and timing,” “Uncertainty and delight in the unknown,” “Beneficial change and inevitable aging,” “Free Space and its operational matrix.” He then introduces his projects as they relate to the doubles. In Time and timing he describes how time can be a crucial tool for design, while timing can determine whether the continued work on a design scheme is valid or useful. Time, especially with respect to the life span of a structure, plays a vital role in Price’s architectural theory and design. Life span, a building’s capacity for re-use, is inevitably linked to the building’s initial usefulness. Price builds an argument against the growing trend towards conservation, saying thatloyalty to outdated and redundant social activities alters the social usefulness of the built environment. He proposes strategies that lower the assumed worth of the past use of spaces, allowing society to re-establish use that is more relevant to contemporary social and economic issues.
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City Story 都市の物語
When I stepped out of the field of architecture, my first impulse was not to add to the city, but to absorb what was already there, to work with the residues, or with the negative spaces, the holes, the spaces in between. Because of the immense amount of material produced on a daily basis by a huge city like Mexico City, it is very difficult to justify the act of adding another piece of matter to that already saturated environment. My reaction was to insert a story into the city rather than an object. It was my way of affecting a place at a very precise moment of its history, even just for an instant… If the [story] meets the expectations and addresses the anxieties of that society at the right time and place, it may become a story that survives the event itself. At that moment, it has the potential to become an fable or an urban myth (p.25).”
建築の仕事から離れて最初に訪ねれ
た衝動は、都市に新しいなにかを加
えることではなく、都市の残余、ある いは裂け目や
間といった空間を扱
ってすでにあるものを吸収すること でした。メキシコシティのような大都 市では日常的に膨大なものが生み出
されています。すでに飽和した状態
になにかを加えることを正当化する
のは困難なことです。私は、モノより
もむしろ物語を都市に差し込むこと を選びました。それは場所に働きか
ける私なりの方法でした。たとえ影響
がその場所に続いてきた歴史のほん
の一瞬であったとしてもです[…]もし
もその物語が社会の期待や懸念に適 切な場所とタイミングで応えたとした
ら、物語は出来事を生き長らえさせる 有効な手立てになるはずです[p.25]
Francis Alÿs Born and trained as an architect in Belgium, Francis Alÿs moved to Mexico City in 1986. After quitting architecture in the early 1990s, he got heavily involved in the contemporary art scene. Early works of his, such as Turista (1994), denounced and tested his own status as a foreigner, challenging him to discover how far one can belong to a place—”am I a participant or just an observer? (11).” Much of Alÿs’ work also explores collective behavior of people in the city. Sleepers (1999-2000) is a series of slides depicting humans and dogs sleeping along the streets of Mexico City. In Zôcalo (1999), he captures the movement of the shadow of the flagpole in Mexico City’s main square, the Zôlaco, and the line of people who take refugre in its shade. By showing how social encounters provoke sculptural situations, he “resists the progressive disenchantment of urban space, evoking the function of the polis as place for the expression for collective desires and fears, the stage for mass events and political ceremonies, the site of shared dreams (103).”
東京工業大学の花見
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Photography
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Lifestyle of the People How do people use and interact with the spaces around them? Sometimes, it is easy to find inspiration in our everyday lives. All around us, people are walking, talking and going about their lives in their own unique ways. I enjoy walking around the city and capturing these everyday moments, because they help me remember that at the very core, we are all simple people with simple actions. 81
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Architecture in the Ordinary The everyday lives of the people can also be understood in the treatment of the buildings and objects around them. These everyday objects are a part of their everyday lives, and by observing the unique treatment of objects we can come to understand the personalities of the people. A clever arrangement of flower pots; an unusual place for hanging the laundry—such ordinary objects have unique meaning and significance to the everyday person. 88
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