Past Times 2015

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7DEOH RI &RQWHQWV Publisher ................................................................Otis Raybon Jr. Vice President of Production.......................................... Doug Crow Editorial Staff ................................. Tricia Cambron, Shaka L. Cobb, Mike Colombo, Adam Cook, Tonia Davis, Josh O’Bryant, Mike O’Neal, Brande Poulnot, Alan Riquelmy, Cady Schulman, Jeremy Stewart, Diane Wagner, Doug Walker, Kristina Wilder Layout and Design .................................................... Heather Koon Cover Design ................................................................... Lee Field Advertising Director .................................................... Cecilia Crow Advertising Sales ......................... Mandy McQuay, Vickie Robinson, Kathy Bruce, Angie Clark, Mary Edwards, Billy Steele, Diane Hall, Todd Britt, Danika Trice Advertising Design ......................Tona Deaton (manager), Lee Field, Allison Morris, Deise Gomez Mailroom Manager .................................................... Suzanne Kelly 

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Double Cola Building......................... 6

Ringgold Gap .................................. 55

Main High ....................................... 12

Old Stone Church............................ 56

Mayo’s Bar ......................................16

Camp Juliette Low...........................58

Rome Clock Tower..........................17

Cornwall Furnace ............................61

Mount Aventine ...............................18

Freeman-Hurt House .......................64

East Rome .......................................20

New Echota .....................................66

McLemore Cove ..............................28

Downtown Rockmart.......................68

Gordon-Lee Mansion .......................36

Cedartown’s Big Spring ...................70

Chickamauga coke ovens ................41

Hawkes Children’s Library ...............75

Cave Spring depot...........................48

Noble Hill ........................................76

Cowdry Plantation ...........................52

Roselawn ......................................... 80

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Past Times is a publication of Rome News Media LLC, 305 E. Sixth Ave., P.O. Box 1633, Rome, GA., 30162-1633. Past Times is a home-delivered supplement to the Rome NewsTribune, the Calhoun Times, The Catoosa County News, the Polk County Standard Journal, the Cherokee County Herald, and the Walker County Messenger. Additional copies, at $5 each plus tax, may be purchased at any of these newspapers. 

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2XU +LVWRULF 3ODFHV An old church in Cartersville has a historic link to the Grand Ole Opry. A landmark familiar to Romans was previously used as a water tank to serve the city. In Cherokee County, Alabama, a brick structure is all that remains of a furnace that once created iron to help arm the Confederacy. What do they have in common? All are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, which preserves the history of hundreds of sites in Northwest Georgia and Northeast Alabama. This year’s Past Times magazine takes a look at many of those regional items on the register in Floyd County, Polk County, Bartow County, Chattooga County, Gordon County, Walker County, Catoosa County, and Cherokee and DeKalb counties in Alabama. We didn’t make an attempt to get them all. Some of the buildings listed on the register no longer exist. Some of the small neighborhoods and geographical areas no longer look as they did in the past. There are Civil War sites, religious buildings, private homes and civic buildings on the list. For more information, you can visit the National Register of Historic Places website — www.nps.gov/nr/index.htm — which has a searchable database. A piece of the region’s history is not far from your front door.

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On the cover Lee Field, a graphic artist with the Rome News-Tribune, created this year’s Past Times cover. Field’s whimsical cover design shows people out and about enjoying the area’s history. We hope this year’s Past Times builds on that interest that exists in Northwest Georgia and Northeast Alabama.

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-DFNVRQ +LOO KRPH WR &LYLO :DU IRUWLILFDWLRQ JACKSON HILL was %\ '28* :$/.(5 honor the memory of the home for one of the Charles B. Norton, who 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Confederate forts that prowas killed in the first Battle tected Rome during the of Manassas, Virginia. Civil War. The fortification was The forts were primarily a series of known originally as Fort Norton, trenches, earthworks where troops and which has also been called Fort artillery could dig in above the city Jackson. and fire down on the invaders. Today, the hill serves as home to In September 1863, troops under the Northwest Georgia Regional Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg were Commission offices, the Greater sent to Rome to upgrade the forts to Rome Convention and Visitors Bureau what would be considered proper milheadquarters, and the last Stop Gift itary manner. The improvements to Shop and the Rome Civic Center. the fort continued into May of 1864 Jackson Hill was added to the when the Yankee troops finally forced National Register of Historic Places in an evacuation of the city. 1997, largely because of its architecThe trench works are still visible ture and historical importance to the on Jackson Hill today. community. The stone Civic Center building was In the summer of 1863, the Rome a joint project of the Works Progress City Council authorized the expendiAdministration and city of Rome, startture of $3,000 to build fortifications ed in 1935. Civilian Conservation against the impending invasion of Corps crews also built the amphitheater Union forces. James F. Laulor superat the base of the hill facing the old vised the construction of the forts, duck pond and a stone bridge across a using slave labor. stormwater runoff drainage that was Less than three months later, the forts built to serve one of the original trails were officially named for Rome area on the hill were also part of the WPA/ men who had previously died during the CCC activity on Jackson Hill in the latCivil War. Fort Norton was named to ter half of the 1930s.

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Over the last couple of years, a volunteer group, Trails for Recreation and Economic Development, has developed a network of more than seven miles of trails on the mountain for biking and hiking enthusiasts.

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%DWWH\ KRXVH VWLOO VWDQGLQJ EXW QRW LQ RULJLQDO VSRW ONE OF ROME’S %\ '28* :$/.(5 Rome in April of 1865, leading figures of the midresuming residence in 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII 19th century was a physitheir home on South cian, Dr. Robert Battey. Street. The Battey house, at 725 E. Second Not long after the couple returned Ave., was built in 1851. It was added to Rome, Battey founded the Martha to the National Register of Historic Battey Hospital at a location on Broad Places in 1982. Street. The designation was made in part Battey’s fame and place in history because of the importance of Dr. was ensured in 1872 when he perBattey, but also for its Gothic Revival formed the first successful oophorecarchitecture. tomy, removing the diseased ovaries The house sat on East First Avenue, of Julia Omberg. then known as South Street, for more A hospital in West Rome built in than 120 years before it was moved to 1943 to treat World War II veterans its current location at on East Second was named for Battey because of his Avenue in November 1974. surgical expertise. The home was converted to comThat hospital then was converted mercial use in 1979 and is currently into a state hospital earmarked for the occupied by the Farm Bureau offices. treatment of tuberculosis patients in Battey started his medical practice 1946, and the facility later became in Rome in 1857. Four years later, known as Northwest Georgia Regional Battey joined the Confederate cause Hospital. as a surgeon. Battey served as president of the Following the war, Battey settled Medical Association of Georgia in down in Rome with his wife, Martha 1876-1877. He also served as presiBaldwin Smith. They returned to dent of the American Gynecological

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the Medical Association of Georgia in 1921. The monument sits near City Hall.

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2UWKRGRQWLF RIILFH SDUW RI 'RXEOH &ROD KLVWRU\ CHARLES D. LITTLE %\ '28* :$/.(5 It is also a part of AND JOE FOSTER Rome’s Between the 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII founded the forerunner of Rivers Historic District. what would become The Rome Double Double Cola in Cola bottling plant was Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1922. one of the first developed by the comWhen the company first started pany outside of the Chattanooga area. they were selling their Good Grape The beverage got its name, at least in drink. The formupart, because it la for Double was being sold in Cola itself was 12 ounce bottles, perfected 11 “double� the size years later in of most sodas on 1933 when the the market at that company was still time. known as Double Cola Seminole Flavor sold the building Co. It officially in December 1974 took the name to Cooper Dorland Double-Cola Co. Inc. The building in 1953. was sold numerous The old Double times over the Cola building, 419 E. Second Ave., is course of the next 30 years until Dr. one of the newest additions to the Joseph Vargo bought it in June 2003. National Register of Historic Places in He now uses it for his Vargo Rome, added to the register in 2006. Orthodontics practice. The building is believed to have Aside from its link to the beverage, been completed and opened in 1937. Rome Historic Preservation Planner The attached one-story warehouse on Bryan King said the building was also the rear of the building was added listed for elements of art deco style around 1947. architecture.

The Rome Double Cola plant was one of the first outside of the Chattanooga area.

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)LIWK $YHQXH &RXUWKRXVH VWLOO EHLQJ XVHG E\ )OR\G THE HISTORIC FIFTH AVENUE %\ '28* :$/.(5 National Register of Historic Places in 1980. COURTHOUSE on West Fifth Avenue 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII In the nomination for inclusion on the was constructed in 1892-93 and the redbrick building was the seat of Floyd National Register of Historic Places was County government and the courts for eight done along with dozens of old courthouses in Georgia. decades. “The interior, with its massive oak woodwork echoes the strength of the exterior,� reads the nominaThe Bruce & Morgan architecture firm designed tion paperwork, which was filed in conjunction with the building while Roman Joseph Patton served as a number of historic courthouses across Georgia. the general contractor for the project. The building also exhibits elements of a High The old courthouse, which still holds the Floyd Victorian architectural style with a high pyramidCounty tag office, tax commissioner’s office, tax assessors and tax appraisers, was added to the shaped Clock Tower tower.

Architects Alexander Bruce and Thomas Henry Morgan were among the most successful architects in the Southeast. Patton was the great-great-grandfather of modern Rome businessman Stephen Patton. The old courtroom on the second floor of the building was used by the Floyd County Juvenile Court for a number of years before it moved next door to the new courthouse. The Floyd County Commission also met in the building before the County Administration Building on Fourth Avenue was renovated.

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&HPHWHU\ QDPHG IRU ZLOG P\UWOH WKDW FRYHUHG KLOO MYRTLE HILL %\ .5,67,1$ :,/'(5 Cemetery was started in 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII 1850 when Col. Thomas A. Alexander and Daniel S. Printup decided the hill would make a good spot for a cemetery after Rome’s first, Oak Hill, started filling up. Civil engineer Cunningham Pennington designed the terraced plan for Myrtle Hill. The name Myrtle was chosen because the myrtle grew wild over the hill. It was accepted into the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Civil War history, Veterans Plaza The Confederate section contains the remains of more than 368 Confederate and Union soldiers including 75 Unknown Confederates and two Unknown Union Soldiers. Veterans Plaza is a bricked site at the corner of South Broad Street and Myrtle Street. The centerpiece of the plaza is the grave of The Known Soldier, Charles Graves. His remains were among the last shipped back to Rome after World War I. The plaza also has more than 3,000 bricks engraved with the names and branch of service, to honor and memorialize military veterans and civilians for their services to America in war or peace throughout all of American history. Two notable Confederate monuments stand at the side corners of Veterans Plaza. They are the Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest monument and the Women of the Confederacy monument. These monuments were moved in 1952 from their original places on Broad Street at Second Avenue because they had become a traffic hazard.

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The Confederate section contains the remains of more than 368 Confederate and Union soldiers including 75 Unknown Confederates and two Unknown Union Soldiers.

Ellen Axson Wilson The only U.S. First Lady buried in Georgia is buried in Myrtle Hill Cemetery. Ellen Axson Wilson, was the first wife of President Woodrow Wilson. She was the daughter of the Rev. S.E. Axson, who was a Presbyterian minister, and Margaret Hoyt Axson. In the spring of 1883, she met Woodrow Wilson, a young lawyer from Atlanta. She died Aug. 6, 1914. After her death, her body was taken to Rome by a train with five private cars for President Wilson. The procession, a two-horse drawn funeral carriage, from First Presbyterian Church to Myrtle Hill Cemetery, passed down Broad Street. Mrs. Wilson was buried with her father, her mother and her brother, Stockton Axson. Other graves of note on Myrtle Hill include: Dr. Robert M. Battey, who performed what was basically the first hysterectomy. Thomas and Frances Rhea Berry, Martha Berry’s parents.

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Helen Bones, Woodrow Wilson’s cousin and Edith Wilson’s White House secretary. Colonel Zachariah B. Hargove, one of Rome founders. Col. Daniel R. Mitchell, one of the founders of Rome.

Col. Cunningham M. Pennington, who designed the cemetery. Daniel S. Printup, who helped select the site of the cemetery. Col. Alfred Shorter, Shorter University’s namesake.

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Cherokee County Chamber of Commerce

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Chamber Events: Business Workshops Monthly Breakfast Annual Banquet Leadership Cherokee Youth Leadership

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The purpose of the Cherokee County Chamber of Commerce is to stimulate, promote, advance and improve business, industry, agriculture, tourism, and civic endeavors of Cherokee County, Alabama and its citizens.

The Chamber promotes Business sustainability and growth and Tourism for Cherokee County. Weiss Lake, Little River Canyon, Cherokee Rock Village, Terrapin Creek, Cornwall Furnace, and much more! .ULVWLQD :LOGHU 3DVW 7LPHV

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0DLQ +LJK PD\ KDYH FORVHG EXW LW FRQWLQXHV WR EH D SODFH IRU HGXFDWLRQ Main High School %\ .5,67,1$ :,/'(5 classes were not availwas the first public able until the 1952-53 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII school built for black academic year. students in Rome. The Main High School Main School was founded in 1883 by was listed in the National Register of the board of trustees of the Rome City Historic Places on Oct. 24, 2002. Schools. Today, the Main High School camThis building was large enough to pus off Kingston Road above Main accommodate grades one through Elementary continues to be a place for eight. education. The 1958 building is used In 1925, a two-room annex was for the Rome Transitional Academy added on the Main School property to and the Rome City Schools reduce overcrowding. Additional Technology Center. Part of the buildgrade levels were added in consecuing houses the Kelsey-Aycock-Burrell tive years from 1926 to 1930. Center, named for three former princiBy that time, the school was known pals of the school, and is used as a as Main High School. Twelfth-grade community center.

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%HUU\ FRQWLQXLQJ LWV OHJDF\ BERRY COLLEGE, %\ .5,67,1$ :,/'(5 a private, liberal arts col3DVW 7LPHV VWDII lege near Rome, was founded by Martha Berry in 1902. The school was started by Berry when she became sensitive to the poverty-stricken conditions of many of the people who lived in the mountains around her home. The college’s listing on the National Historic Register includes the Possum Trot Church, Berry’s family home Oak Hill, the House o’ Dreams and the water wheel and mill. Young children came upon Berry while she was reading her Bible in a private cabin on her property. She was shocked to learn that they couldn’t read, did not attend school or church. She started offering them basic instruction and her small school quickly grew as more and more families began sending their children to her. She started four day schools, but decided these schools were not as effective as she wished them to be. In 1902, she decided to use the 83 acres her father left her to start the Boys’ Industrial School, which was a boarding school that she felt would keep the students in a supportive environment. In 1909, she started a girls’ school and then a junior college in 1926. A senior college grew out of the junior college and the first class graduated in 1932. Berry’s programs always emphasized the power of work, which she felt taught her students responsibility and gave them self-worth. She started a work program at her schools in 1914 in which students worked each week for eight hours on two days and attend classes on four days. Students constructed the campus and maintained it, which kept costs low, and the students used labor to pay all of their tuition and expenses. The college offered courses in arts and sciences, but the schools also emphasized industrial, agricultural and domestic arts. Teacher and business training were also focuses. Students were required to take courses on religious topics and the school promoted an education of the “head, the heart and the hands.� Berry was a capable and strong fundraiser and many of the national politicians and social elite of the day were attracted to the mission of the school. Automobile manufacturer Henry Ford donated several buildings, and paintings by prominent American artists were donated by Georgia artist Nell Choate Jones. President Theodore Roosevelt, who called the schools “the greatest work in the conservation of human resources in America,� introduced her to influential people and also came to dinner in 1910 in the log cabin which now bears his name, ‘Berry received the sympathy and support of, among others,

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2DN +LOO WKH %HUU\ IDPLO\ KRPH LV SDUW RI WKH FROOHJHœV 1DWLRQDO +LVWRULF 5HJLVWHU OLVWLQJ Eleanor Roosevelt, William Jennings Bryan and U.S. presidents Calvin Coolidge and Woodrow Wilson. Berry also bought land in Floyd County to keep the college’s financial security strong. By 1930, the school owned nearly 30,000 acres and was the largest campus of any educational institution. Berry was recognized as one of the nation’s 12 most influential women by Good Housekeeping in 1930. After Berry’s death in 1942 the school entered its most difficult period as contributions declined. After World War II, economic development and expanding public education facilities led many to believe that the school’s mission was obsolete. Declining enrollment and high costs led to the closing of the girls’ school in 1955. The college and boys’ school also wrestled with these problems. Finally, trustees decided the best thing for Berry’s legacy lay with the college. Under the leadership of John R. Bertrand, who was appointed president in 1956, the college continued to offer vocational training but concentrated on

improving the liberal arts and professional programs to competitive levels. After gaining accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools in 1957, the work-study schedule was modified to place greater emphasis on the academic program. Through the 1960s and early 1970s the college enacted several other reforms, including paying student workers rather than crediting their accounts, modifying the strict code on student behavior, abandoning uniform dress and mandatory religious services and holding national searches for faculty members. By the late 1980s several publications regularly ranked Berry College as one of the Southeast’s top five regional liberal arts institutions. True to the founder’s ideals, the trustees work to keep tuition lower than that of comparable institutions. Most students work on campus for experience and to help fund their education. Students also are encouraged to participate in volunteer service.

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&KLHIWDLQV RQH RI ROGHVW EXLOGLQJV LQ )OR\G &RXQW\ CHIEFTAINS The Cherokee asserted %\ '28* :$/.(5 MUSEUM/Major Ridge their own sovereignty and 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Home on Riverside won a ruling to that effect Parkway is one of the oldfrom the U.S. Supreme est structures still standing in Rome. Court. However, President Andrew The 19th century building was the Jackson made it clear he had no intention home of Major Ridge, a Cherokee of supporting or enforcing the ruling. statesman who was a leading advocate Ridge, his son John Ridge, and for the 1835 Treaty of New Echota nephew Elias Boudinot were assassithat led to the Trail of Tears. nated in June 1839. Cherokee loyalists Cherokee loyalists who believed believed, many to this day, that Ridge’s Ridge acted in violation of the death was his sentence for the unauCherokee Nation laws by supporting thorized deeding of Cherokee lands. their removal assassinated him during The house was given to a woman the westward movement. named Rachel Ferguson of Augusta, Chieftains was added to the National during the Cherokee Land Lottery. She Register of Historic Places in 1971. sold it to Judge Augustus Verdery of The original two-story home was a Augusta, who ran the place as a farm. simple log cabin. Ridge is believed to Verdery came to Rome at different have moved into the home — which times during the year and his descenincluded nearly 200 acres of farmland, dents married into Rome’s famous much of it in orchards — around 1819. Battey family, according to Shore. “He modified it to look like a white J.H. Porter, who owned the Rome clapboard farmhouse in 1828,� said Laundry Co., added the Greek Revival Heather Shores, the current director of wings on either side of the building in the museum. 1923. He turned the building over to the He became a gentleman farmer and American Chatillon Corp., which had just a leading Cherokee statesman, though brought a new plant to Rome in 1928. he did not speak English. The Junior Service League of Rome

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&KLHIWDLQV 0XVHXP 0DMRU 5LGJH +RPH SUH took over the property in 1968 and opened the home as a museum in 1971. The group’s volunteers operated the home for many years before deeding it to the nonprofit Chieftains Museum Inc. in 1988. In 2007, Chieftains, in cooperation with the National Park Service, adopted a plan to restore the building to its

original look, but the Great Recession hit before a major capital campaign could be launched. A clause in the deed stipulated that the museum property would revert to the Junior Service League if Chieftains Museum Inc. dissolved, and the JSL regained the deed last year.

ROME NEWS MEDIA LLC

AUGUST 2015

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PAGE 16

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0D\R·V %DU ORFN RQ WKH &RRVD EXLOW IRU WUDGH MAYO’S BAR Lock & Dam on the %\ '28* :$/.(5 cance to the history of transportation in Coosa River was authorized by the U.S. the region, along with its architectural 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Army Corps of Engineers 105 years and engineering importance. ago. The lock, which opened in 1913, The project was built by the was constructed to facilitate the movement of goods Pennsylvania Bridge Company. The lock chamber is and services up and down the Coosa River. 40 feet wide by 176 feet long. Steamboats that navigated the river for years According to “A History of Rome and Floyd County” prior to the construction of the lock had difficulty by George M. Battey Jr., the lock was named in honor getting past the Horseleg Shoals. of Micajah Mayo. He was related to Col. William The lock and dam were added to the National Smith, one of the five founders of the city of Rome. Register of Historic Places in 1989 for its signifiThe lock has been out of service since 1941.

Efforts to revitalize the lock using a 1988 special purpose, local option sales tax were thwarted by expenses associated with the dredging of the river at the entrance. The old lock is still one of the favorite platforms for fishermen across the region. Today, the Rome-Floyd Parks and Recreation Authority manages the approximately 730-acre Lock & Dam Park. The park features both RV and traditional tent camping sites and a large boat launch into the Coosa River below the lock.

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&ORFN 7RZHU OLYHV RQ DV V\PERO RI FLW\ RI 5RPH THE ROME CLOCK %\ .5,67,1$ :,/'(5 The waterworks facilTOWER, 410 E. Second ities, which included an 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII St., is a remnant of one engine and engine house of the first public water in addition to the storage works in Northwest Georgia. tower, were designed by John W. Noble and built by the Noble Brothers The tower stands 63 feet tall and in 1871. 33 feet in diameter and is topped by a It was built to hold 25,000 gallons 41-foot-tall wooden clock housing. The brick tower encloses a steel water of water that would serve the city. Ten-foot sheets of iron were used to tank, which is encircled by a spiral build the tank. steel staircase with 107 steps. The Clock Tower is considered an The Rome Area History Museum important landmark in Rome since its periodically gives tours of the inside of the tower. It was placed on the National construction and can be seen from almost any part of downtown Rome. Register of Historic Places in 1980. .ULVWLQD :LOGHU 3DVW 7LPHV

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0RXQW $YHQWLQH ZDV KRPH WR PDQ\ RI 5RPH·V HDUO\ OHDGHUV The hill was also a target for Noble cannons. LIKE AVENTINE HILL %\ '28* :$/.(5 in ancient Rome, Mount 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Aventine is one of the seven hills of Rome, Georgia Mount Aventine separates portions of South Rome from the Etowah River. It is somewhat like a saddleback community that was formally created in 1875. It rises off of South Broad Street and includes Lookout Avenue, Lookout Circle, Lytle Avenue, Cobb Drive, Morningside Drive and Woodcrest Drive. Mount Aventine was added the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 because of its Late Victorian architectural predominance and the engineering related to construction on the top and sides of a hill. &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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AUGUST 2015 &RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Back before the Civil War, the Noble Brothers used Mount Aventine for target practice for the cannons that were manufactured at their foundry in the area where Southeastern Mills now sits. The Late Victorian-era architecture is still visible at a number of properties including the old J.L. Brannon home, which is slightly elevated off South Broad Street. “He was sort of a mover and shaker in Rome,� said Selena Tilly, a local historian. The grand home is deserving of an old cotton broker whose business was located near the intersection of Second Avenue and Broad Street. Local history buff Anne Culpepper said Brannon was one of the wealthiest men in Rome at one time but lost just about everything in the stock market crash of 1929. B.S. Elliott came to Rome in 1928 and built many of the more “modern� homes on Mount Aventine, which was then known as Lookout Heights.

Fannin Hall

1849 – Originally used as Administrative building for Georgia School for the Deaf. During the Civil War it was used as a field hospital at different times by both the North and the South. Currently used as City Administrative building and just finishing extensive renovations.

The E.L. Cantrell home is another significant old home, located at the intersection of Lookout Circle and Lookout Avenue. Cantrell was a longtime city clerk in Rome. Culpepper, who grew up on Mount Aventine, said that Cantrell also was involved in the real estate business. Before the vegetation grew up around it, the Cantrell home would have had a spectacular view of the Etowah River. C.E. Hamil, a survivor of the famous Winecoff Hotel fire in Atlanta in December of 1946, was also a resident of Lookout Circle on Mount Aventine. Mount Aventine is also the home to Rome’s Jewish cemetery, which has graves that date back to around 1875. The cemetery is at the very top of Mount Aventine, at the end of Lytle Avenue. Among the Rodeph Sholom Cemetery’s famous residents are Pressley Esserman, Max Meyerhardt and Max Kuttner. Esserman was one of the founders of Esserman Brothers clothing store, 425 Broad St.

Welcome Center and Museum

(The Asbury House)-In 1846 the property was purchased by Dr. I. N. Culbertson, a Board Member with Georgia School for The Deaf. The current structure was built prior to the 1880s but the exact date is undetermined. It was purchased in 2011 by the Cave Spring Downtown Development Authority for the current use.

PAGE 19

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PAGE 20

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(DVW 5RPH QRWHG IRU GLYHUVH DUFKLWHFWXUH The community was its own incorporated town at one time. %\ '28* :$/.(5 THE EAST ROME Historic District, a largely 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII residential area, is bounded by Turner McCall Boulevard, East Eighth Avenue, Walnut Avenue and East 10th Street. The area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 for its mixture of period architectural styles. The original boundary for the historic district contained intact historic elements of an area that was once known as the Town of East Rome, incorporated in 1883. The East Rome Town Co. purchased 323 acres of land across the river from the body of the main city to develop a suburb of Rome. The Town of East Rome was ultimately absorbed by the city of Rome in 1906. The Claremont House, 906 E. Second Ave., is a classic example of Victorian Gothic architecture and is also listed separately on the register. It was constructed in 1882 for Col. Hamilton Yancey, a Rome cotton farmer. One of the special features of the house is its gingerbread exterior trim, which was foreign to construction in the South at that time. The home remained in the Yancey family until the early 1960s. It became a bed and breakfast in 1993 and has been serving guests to Rome in that capacity for the past two decades. The Bones House on East 10th Street was the home of James W. Bones and Marion Woodrow Bones. It also is listed separately on the register as an example of the Queen Anne style of architecture.

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was elected. When the First lady died in 1914, Bones remained in Washington to serve her cousin and actually introduced him to his second wife, Edith Galt. While the East Rome district is primarily residential, the register notes the importance of trade there as well. There were clusters of commercial activity on the northern end of Maple and the intersection of East Eighth Avenue and East Second Avenue.

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AUGUST 2015

PAGE 21

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THE %\ '28* :$/.(5 FLOYD 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII COUNTY administration building on Fourth Avenue and East First Street was originally Rome’s post office and courthouse, built during 1895-96. When a new federal building was built on East First Street in 1974, the old “yellow-brick� building was bought by Floyd County. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, nominated largely for its architectural style and significance to local government. The building is also included in the Between the Rivers Historic District. The yellow brick courthouse is still

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used as the county’s primary administrative office building. The primary courtroom was renovated to host Floyd County Commission meetings. The room’s domed roof offers up a challenge to audio technicians but one

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can stand under the rim of the dome and hear a whisper from the opposite side of the room. Floyd County voters passed a special purpose, local option sales tax in 2003 to make renovations to both the

Fourth Avenue building and the new Floyd County Courthouse next to The Forum. The building also hosts the local office of the University of Georgia Extension Service.

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6XOOLYDQ +LOO\HU +RXVH GDWHV EDFN WR &LYLO :DU ONE OF %\ '28* :$/.(5 ROME’S old3DVW 7LPHV VWDII est homes, now with a historic yet somewhat contemporary look, is the Sullivan-Hillyer House, 309 E. Second Ave. The house was constructed on property that Arthur T. Sullivan bought in 1860 from Jeremiah R. Davidson. At that time, East Second Avenue was known as Howard Street. Sullivan sold the property to Dr. Eben Hillyer as trustee for Georgia Hillyer in 1868. The deed associated with the sale refers to the land and a brick building, though it’s not clear if the building was the forerunner of what sits on the site today, or was another building entirely. Hillyer was a noted local physician and geologist. The Hillyer family has historical significance going all the

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daughter, Maud Harris Yancey. It was sold out of the Hillyer family three years later in 1916. By the 1940s, the building was converted into an apartment building. The Rome law firm of Smith, Price and Wright purchased the SullivanHillyer House in 1998 for $150,000. The Sullivan-Hillyer House was added to the National Register in 2002, largely as a result of its unique architectural style. The law firm took

advantage of historic tax credits to undertake a number of improvements to the building. River Junction Properties purchased the house for $278,626 in March 2014. Etowah Employment, owned by Layton Roberts, currently occupies it. Roberts has also done some relatively minor work inside the two-story Italianate-style home since purchasing the building in the spring of 2014.

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0DUVK :DUWKHQ +RXVH EXLOW E\ VODYHV THE MARSH%\ -26+ 2œ%5<$17 Confederate general and WARTHEN House in two-term Georgia gover3DVW 7LPHV VWDII LaFayette, now a musenor John B. Gordon um, was listed on the began boarding in the National Register of house while attending Historic Places on Jan. 12, 2005. Chattooga Academy, which is next According to the State Historic door. Chattooga Academy was Preservation Office, the house is sigrenamed in his honor in 1936. nificant in the areas of architecture, Gordon would live with the Marsh exploration and settlement, and social family during the school week. On history. weekends, he would return with his The house was built in 1836 for father to their home in Gordon Spencer Marsh and his wife, Ruth, by Springs, which is part of Whitfield African-American slaves they brought County now, but was part of Walker with them. County at that time. The building originally consisted Records indicate that Marsh owned of eight rooms — four per floor — 12 slaves in 1850, and in 1860 he had with wide central halls on each floor. eight slaves in two slave cabins on the According to Marsh House volunteer property. Connie Forester, the kitchen was origThe Marsh House Task Force, inally in the basement and a dumbwhich manages and maintains the hiswaiter was used to bring up the meals toric structure for Walker County, says to the main level of the house. A room that one of the slaves was the Rev. on the first floor was remodeled Wiley Marsh. around 1900 as the kitchen. &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH As a child of 13 in 1845,

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&RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH “Some time after the formation of Walker County on Dec. 18, 1833, Rev. Marsh was the first recorded African-American birth in LaFayette. He was a skilled carpenter and built many houses and assisted once-enslaved Rev. George W. Wheeler in founding numerous African-American churches,� the organization’s website states. After Union troops made their way into Georgia, the Marsh family moved south shortly before the Battle of Chickamauga in September 1863, to escape the fighting, and stayed away until after the Civil War was over. According to Forester, it is believed through oral history of the Marsh family that they stayed with relatives in Cassville, in Bartow County. Union soldiers occupied the home during the Battle of LaFayette in June 1864. When the Marshes returned, they found bloodsoaked floors, the hoof prints of Union horses in the downstairs hall, and bullet holes in the windows and walls. The majority of their possessions were gone. The house remained in the Marsh family for more than 150 years. Spencer Marsh’s daughter Mary Ann married his business partner Andrew Allgood in 1842, and his daughter Sarah Adaline married Nathaniel Warthen in 1859. After Spencer Marsh’s death, the Warthens, along

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According to the 1900 census, seven AfricanAmericans — which included Anna Allgood and her five children — also lived in the home. The Marsh House is at 308 N. Main St. in LaFayette. To learn more, call 706-638-5187 or visit marshhouseoflafayette.com.

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&DYHQGHU¡V 6WRUH LV VWDWH¡V ROGHVW VWDQGLQJ FRXQWU\ VWRUH 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII CAVENDER’S STORE (also called Villanow Country Store) is known as the longest-operating stand-alone country store in Georgia. The Walker County landmark in Villanow was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. According to the documentation, specific information about who built the building and when is not available — but it is believed to have been in operation by at least 1840 and probably earlier. Letters and diaries indicate the store was likely run by Postmaster William D. Underwood from 1853 to 1856 and by Micajah Pope during the Civil War. In a Dec. 16, 1865, letter to his son, Pope wrote that the Yankees, who had been in Villanow in May of 1864, had “...burnt the houses at Villanow (and) tore up my store...â€? Joseph Warren Cavender is thought to have owned it the longest. Born in 1845, Cavender served in the Confederate Army and married Martha Almina Clements on Dec. 10, 1868. The 1870 census lists Cavender as a merchant selling retail dry goods. He was 26 years old at that time, with real property valued at $1,750 and personal property valued at $2,500. Cavender owned the store until his death in 1919, although he had several partners over the years. Several letterheads survive from his partnership with James Harvey Shahan, which was dissolved in 1903 when Shahan moved to Oklahoma. They provide some of idea of the items for sale. A few examples are “Cavender & Shahan: Staple and Fancy Groceries, Dry Goods, Shoes, Hats, and Gents’ Furnishingsâ€? and “Cavender & Shahan dealers in Dry Goods, notions, clothing, boots, shoes, hats, caps, and fancy and family groceries.â€? Another adds the line “highest price paid for cotton.â€? After Cavender’s death in 1919, the store, fixtures, and merchandise were auctioned off to a group of men who

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&DYHQGHUÂśV &RXQWU\ 6WRUH ZDV DGGHG WR WKH 1DWLRQDO 5HJLVWU\ RI +LVWRULF 3ODFHV RQ -DQ took turns running it and variously sold off or bequeathed their shares. Roy Morgan and his family ended up with it, then sold it to Ottis Poarch in 1942. Poarch ran it for 29 years, adding to the living quarters and probably installing indoor plumbing. It went to O.H. “Docâ€? Penland from 1971 to 1987 and then to Ebeth and Rodney Edwards, who were the owners when it was listed on the Register. The building was then purchased and restored by Dr. Michael L. Kisner and his wife, Deborah Kisner. They spent three or four years working with the family on details before opening Villanow Chiropractic in the historic building in early June 2015. They also live in the building. Most of the original flooring remains and was restored by the Kisners. As a general store, it has been a focal point of the community for more than a century and a half. Over the years it served as a U.S. post office; a community meeting place, both formally and informally; a Justice of the Peace Court; and an Odd Fellows meeting place. The store also meets National Register criterion because of its architectural characteristics as a “classicâ€? Georgia country store. An original mantel dating from the 1840s to 1850s was discovered on the east wall, hidden by shelving, in the late 20th century. There is a mid-level at the rear of the store and a dug cellar with a well inside. The walls of the main floor are made of wood and plaster, using cut

nails and rough-cut lumber. The floors and ceilings are wood and are considered fine examples of plain craftsmanship. The store’s brick construction is of primary importance because of the scarcity of brick buildings in Northwest Georgia that date to the antebellum

period. The brick was made locally, and the structure is held together with iron tie rods. Because of its sturdy construction it has managed to survive. Staff writer Josh O’Bryant contributed to this report.

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0F/HPRUH &RYH VSDQV WKH DJHV RI 1 : *HRUJLD 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII McLEMORE COVE in called the “Valley of Walker County was added to Chicamauga� and the many the National Register of small villages there. He Historic Places on Sept. 23, 1994. wrote of a family named “McClamore� The district is three miles south of — likely the McLemores for whom Chickamauga, in an area roughly the cove is named. bounded by Lookout Mountain, Robert and John McLemore were Pigeon Mountain and Ga. 136. The sons of a Cherokee mother and a county-owned Mountain Cove Farm Scottish father, a trader who came to links two state-owned tracts — the the Cherokee Nation before 1760. Crockford-Pigeon Mountain Wildlife Both Robert and John figured promiManagement Area and the Zahnd nently in Cherokee history. Chief John Natural Area of Lookout Mountain, McLemore participated in the War of creating a nearly 20,000-acre conser1812 and a DAR marker was erected vation area. at Cedar Grove in 1936 in his memory. In an early account of the Cove, The Cherokee land was distributed around 1816, Maj. John Norton to white settlers in the 1832 Land described traveling around what he Lottery and those remaining were

removed on the Trail of Tears in 1838. The area began a period of continual settlement and growth. At least three of the early families still have descendants living in the cove. A number of small communities grew up as churches, post offices and schools were established. McLemore Cove was a prosperous farming area before the Civil War began and the war had a serious impact. Saltpeter had been mined for the Nitre Bureau of the Confederacy at Shook Cave on John Frick’s farm (in Back Valley) from the spring of 1862 until the fall of 1863 when residents of the Cove were caught in the action leading up to Chickamauga. During

the latter part of the War, especially after Chickamauga, three separate bands of renegades operated in Northwest Georgia and the surrounding area. One band, led by Sam Roberts, operated out of the cove. Following the close of the Civil War, and for some 25 or 30 years, there was an almost continuous exodus of Walker County residents emigrating westward. At Pond Spring, the Cove Methodist Church was organized in 1870. The current church is the oldest church building in the cove, constructed in 1896. &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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PAGE 29

New And Making Progress

Town of Sand Rock Incorporated August 23, 1988

FIRST COMMITTEE

Jack Hood, John Helms, Jr., Dean Buttrum, Sr., Nelson St. Clair, Bill Lumsden, Irvin Oliver, Paul Johnson

ELECTED FIRST COUNCIL

Mayor 1988-90 Paul Johnson, Clerk Ann St. Clair Council Franklin Breast, Jack Hood, Jimmy Butler, Harold Pearson. Nelson St. Clair

History of Sand Rock

&RQWULEXWHG SKRWR

7KH 0LOOHU %URWKHUV )DUP ZDV RULJLQDOO\ WKH .HQVLQJWRQ +RWHO XQWLO *XVWDYXV +LQGPDQ 0LOOHU SXUFKDVHG DQG UHPRGHOHG WKH VWUXFWXUH &RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH The Chattanooga Southern Railroad was incorporated in 1887 and construction of the 91-mile rail was completed in 1890. The name was changed to the TennesseeAlabama-Georgia Railroad around 1907. The completion of the railroad spurred growth in the cove. Kensington Land Co. was organized in 1890 by the same investors who backed the railroad and an industrial-based community was planned. Five hundred acres were platted and surveyed. Forty cottages and 60-foot-wide streets were built, along with the 152-room Kensington Hotel, and Kensington Iron and Coal Co. was formed. One of the mills and the electric plant burned in 1892 and the venture went into receivership after the Panic of 1892. The community survived, however,

and by 1900, Kensington School, a Masonic Lodge and a Methodist church were built. At the time of the National Register listing, the only remaining buildings left from the historic town of Kensington were the hotel, a few houses and a metal building from the cotton mill converted to a barn on the Andrews Hereford Farm. The hotel, remodeled as a summer home in 1915, is now known as the Miller Brothers Farm and is listed individually in the National Register. The area is significant as a geographically well-defined rural area reflecting the patterns of agricultural and rural development in Northwest Georgia for more than a century. It also has visible and extensive ruins of the iron ore mining operation that illustrate the type of design and materials associated with a 19th century industrial complex.

The Early settlers of Sand Rock moved here to farm and make a living for their family. The Becks, Mitchells, Pearsons, Stimpsons, Helms, Parkers, Farmers, Clanton, Stowes, Appletons were some of the families. Later, the Brindley Brothers were passing through and stopped at a spring to get some water. One of them picked up a small stone and crushed it with his hands and made it sand. He said “This is sand rock,� and since then the area has been known as Sand Rock. These early settlers developed the area by building churches, roads, a school and the necessary things to have a good community. In the late 1920’s, Dewey Brown started a movement to improve the school. It was first a junior high school. Later it became a high school with the first graduating class in 1932. The new high school brought many new events to the community. The school, along with the churches, became the back bones of the area. Some people thought the area was falling behind in progress and began a series of meetings in April 1988. They decided to try to incorporate to improve some of the conditions. This group began working to improve roads, along with projects to improve the quality of life and the community in general, The town bought the property across the road from the high school gym in 1990. This property was for building a town hall and recreation park. The town hall and community center was built in 1991. It is a multipurpose building not only is it used to carry out functions of the town government, but it is also used as a meeting place for many clubs, groups and private citizens.

The area is significant as a geographically well-defined rural area reflecting the patterns of agricultural and rural development.

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Left to right: Julia Smith, Greg Oliver, Gene Farmer, Mayor James Ricky Mackey, Melonie Garrett, Town Clerk, Bud Mackey, Steve McMeekin

PAGE 30

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AUGUST 2015

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7KH 0DUWLQ 'DYLV +RXVH DQG )DUP ZDV SXUFKDVHG E\ 0DUWLQ 'DYLV LQ -DQXDU\ DQG FRQVLVW RI DFUHV RI ODQG DORQJ &KLFNDPDXJD &UHHN LQ :DONHU &RXQW\ LQ 0F/HPRUH &RYH &RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH The district contains examples of early 20th century concrete stringer bridges, steel water towers, and tile silos and examples of various landscaping types. Historically, the major crops included corn and wheat, with some dairy, chicken, tobacco and cotton farming, representative of the diversified farming of this region of the state. Farmers were also active in “corn clubs� during the early 20th-century and several farmers received national recognition for their corn production. The James W. Coulter Farm is a 1994 Georgia Centennial Heritage Farm Award recipient, having been an active farm since 1874. Architectural styles include Gothic Revival, Neoclassical Revival and Folk Victorian. House types range from plantation plain and dogtrot to bungalow and Queen Anne cottage. The area also contains a wide variety of agricultural structures ranging from large gabled roofed barns to pole barns, chicken coops, smokehouses, sheds, outhouses and silos. Building materials include hand-hewn logs, poles, sawn lumber, brick and stone. Other important features include the concrete ruins that remain from the former Chattanooga Iron & Coal Corp. and the 1840s Coulter (later Oak Hill) log school building, used until the 1920s.

The circa 1931 Pleasant Grove School in the northwest section of the district is one of the few remaining historic African-American resources. The two-room, one-story building exhibits gable brackets and vents, exposed rafters, a metal gable roof, a brick chimney and a gabled front entrance. Because of the district’s age and pattern of development, the potential is high for significant archaeological findings, although little investigation has been done. The district has the potential to yield important information about the prehistory and history of the Native American occupation of the area before the Cherokee Removal in the 1830s. In 1985, a plan by Oglethorpe Power to build a 2,100-acre hydroelectric plant in Back Valley galvanized residents. They organized the McLemore Cove Preservation Society and the hydro plan was defeated. The nomination of the McLemore Cove Historic District to the National Register is a direct result of the residents’ interest in documenting and preserving the Cove’s historic heritage. Agriculture continues to play an important role in the Cove although farms are much larger than they had been in earlier times. In 1990, there were at least 13 beef cattle farms, nine dairy farms and five chicken farms, and an estimated 600 families living in the area.

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%ODFN KLVWRU\ RI :DONHU KDG D KRPH LQ 0DVRQLF /RGJH ITS PIVOTAL ROLE in %\ 0,.( 2œ1($/ The lodge is significant Walker County’s black culnot because of any archi3DVW 7LPHV VWDII ture and life led to tectural features but Chickamauga Masonic because of its role in the Lodge No. 221 being added to the area’s African-American history as a National Register of Historic Places in meeting place for fraternal activities October 2006. and in community affairs. Built in 1924, this two-story, rectAcross the road, to the east, is angular, wood-frame structure with a property where the Haslerig family foundation of concrete block, rock established one of Northwest and brick is located three miles south Georgia’s earliest black-owned dairy of town on the road leading from farms. Charles Haslerig purchased Chickamauga to Kensington and land for the dairy farm around 1905 McLemore Cove in what was once and was a founding member of called the District Hill area. Chickamauga Lodge No. 221. The District Hill School was originalThis lodge, a branch of Prince Hall ly next door, but a fire in 1921 destroyed North American Freemasonry, was both the school and existing lodge. active in providing manual labor durIn 1924, the Masons completed ing the segregation era for local public construction of the present lodge, works building projects, participating which still retains the historic meeting in funeral rites for members and helproom with lodge furnishings and offiing needy children and widows. cers’ stations as per the general lodge Due to segregation laws that preplan. The creation of a second-floor vented their joining other camps, room with a separate entrance stairChickamauga Lodge No. 221 also was way is typical of facilities devoted to the location for the chartering and Masonic lodge activities. meeting of the Walker County

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PAGE 32

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AUGUST 2015

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&KDWWRRJD $FDGHP\ LV *D ¡V ROGHVW EULFN VFKRROKRXVH THE CITY OF %\ -26+ 2Âś%5<$17 Civil War, when LaFAYETTE proudly preConfederate Gen. Braxton 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII serves a schoolhouse that Bragg used the school as played a significant role headquarters in in the Civil War’s Battle of LaFayette September 1863. on June 24, 1864. According to roadsidegeorgia.com: Chattooga Academy was built in Bragg planned an attack on Union 1836 and is the oldest brick schoolforces in Chickamauga under an oak house in Georgia. tree in the front yard of the academy, The building is now known as Gordon without knowing that 120,000 men in Hall, although it is listed as Chattooga the area were about to engage in the Academy on the National Register of bloodiest two days in American histoHistoric Places. The school was added ry, the Battle of Chickamauga. to the registry on Feb. 15, 1980. The oak tree grew in popularity The land was donated by Spencer after the war, especially in the 1890s Marsh and was built for around $800, when Chickamauga-Chattanooga after replacing a previous log cabin National Military Parks were built and school. The school had two large dedicated. The tree was nicknamed rooms on each floor. “Bragg Oak.â€? It was renamed Gordon Hall after The oak tree was destroyed during John B. Gordon, a former two-term a storm in the 1920s. Georgia governor and a Confederate genDuring the Battle of LaFayette on eral. He attended the school as a child. June 24, 1864, Confederate Capt. “I am very proud of this treasure William V. Harrell, under Gen. Gideon that belongs to the city,â€? LaFayette Pillow’s command, attacked Union Main Street manager Matthew soldiers using the building to store Williams said. supplies. Williams said bricks of the buildChickamauga campaign ing show damage from the battle — scarring from fired musket balls. Chattooga Academy played a significant role in the area during the &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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More on the school Chattooga Academy was named for Chattooga, which was the area’s name before it became known as LaFayette. Spelling, grammar, reading, geography, philosophy and ancient language were all part of the curriculum of the school, which was attended by both boys and girls.

In 1897, the LaFayette Academy was built between Chattooga Academy and the Marsh House and was used until 1921, when the original LaFayette High School was built. In the 1920s, Chattooga Academy was renovated and was used as a meeting place for the LaFayette Women’s Club for many years. In 1925, Chattooga Academy was renamed for John B. Gordon. The William Marsh Chapter of the

er water. ItStates by Confederate was ofanAmerica important Iron Works part ofandthi

y!

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*RUGRQ +DOO IRUPHUO\ NQRZQ DV &KDWWRRJD $FDGHP\ ZDV EXLOW LQ DQG LV WKH ROGHVW EULFN VFKRROKRXVH LQ *HRUJLD Daughters of the American Revolution officially dedicated the building as John B. Gordon Hall on Nov. 15, 1936. The LaFayette area Chamber of Commerce moved into the building in 1971 and, in the 1990s, the city of LaFayette used the building as an office and a community meeting facility. “The building was restored through grant funds in the 2000s and the 2010s and we are very proud of what this building is today,� Williams said.

Alabama

Gordon Hall is now a school museum. During Christmas season, LaFayette resident Ronald Underwood conducts a model train exhibit for the city inside the historic structure. Williams said it is a primary goal of the city to preserve Gordon Hall as a treasure of the city. Williams said anyone interested in learning more about Gordon Hall and visiting the historic school museum can contact City Hall at 706-638-1519.

CHEROKEE COUNTY

WEISS LAKE

The lake spans 33,000 acres and is known as the “Crappie Capitol of the World!�

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Randy Jones, District 1, Kimball Parker, District 2, Marcie Foster, District 3, Carlton “Bubba� Teague, District 4, J. Kirk Day, Probate Judge, County Commission Chairman

MISS ETHEL MORRISON PARK ACROSS FROM LIBRARY WHOM DONATED LAND LITTLE RIVER CANYON Now a part of the National Park System, it is the deepest FOR LIBRARY

gorge east of the Rockie Mountains. Enjoy the 22-mile scenic drive around the canyon rim.

CHEROKEE COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

CHEROKEE ROCK VILLAGE

Enjoy the 30-mile view from atop Lookout Mountain. You will love the breathtaking sight of Weiss Lake and distant cities. Cherokee Rock Village served as one of the locations for the filming of “Failure to Launch,� a 2006 romantic comedy starring Matthew McConaughey and Sarah Jessica Parker.

• Fishing • Swimming • Camping • Boating • Tennis • Golf • Hunting • Rock Climbing • Shopping • Native American History • Civil War History CORNWALL FURNACE Erected in 1862, it is the first to be powered ed by water. It was an important part of thee Confederate States of America Iron Works and iss said to be the best preserved in the Southeast.

PRATT PRAT PR ATTT MEMORIAL AT MEMO ME MORI MO RIAL RI AL PARK PPAR ARK AR K Pratt Memorial Park is named after John Pratt. He practiced law in Centre and became Registrar of Chancery. As registrar, he kept the public archives and records of legal proceedings. Pratt invented an early typewriter, the pterotype. Pratt and his family are buried in Pratt Park.

PAGE 34

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AUGUST 2015

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0RGHUQ GD\ PLOO RZQHU UHVFXHV UHVWRUHV \HDU ROG ODQGPDUN TODAY, ONE IS more likely to see James Gordon built his mill and man%\ 0,.( 2œ1($/ wedding or kayaking parties where a aged it until 1857 when he turned its 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII wooden dam and clapboard water-powoperation over to James Lee, his son-inered grist mill stand on West law. Chickamauga Creek. During the War Between the States, on Sept. 9But travel back in time about 180 years and visi10, 1863, the mill served as the headquarters of the tors would arrive at Walker County’s first general Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by store and grist mill, known as Lee & Gordon’s Gen. Braxton Bragg. On Sept. 10, Gen. Bragg Mills. moved his headquarters south to LaFayette and Fast-forwarding to the mid-1860s would land a Union troops occupied the mill and surrounding time-traveler at the site of some of the initial skirarea the next day. Skirmishes between the opposing mishes of a three-day battle that would derive its armies occurred Sept. 13-18 with the major Battle name from the creek — appropriate, since some of Chickamauga drawing the troops to the north on translate Chickamauga as a Cherokee word meaning Sept. 19-20, 1863. River of Death or Bloody River. The mill then served as a headquarters for But the beginnings of this vintage mill are less Wheeler’s cavalry corps, but was recaptured in the ominous and are the result of the Cherokee being winter of 1863 by Union troops who used the secforced to follow the Trail of Tears from the ond story as a Masonic Lodge. Appalachians and travel to wooded hills and valleys The wartime mill burned in 1867 but was rebuilt of northeastern Oklahoma. on the same site as the one that stands today. Three Gordon brothers came to Crawfish Springs Lee passed the management of the mill to his — the name for the town before Chickamauga was eldest son, Gordon Lee, in 1889. Gordon Lee gave incorporated in 1891 — from Gwinnett County in up the management of the mill to his younger broth1836, the year after the Cherokee diaspora. er, Tom Lee. Tom Lee sold the property to the

Wallace brothers, Bill and Charley, in 1929. They operated it until 1967. When Bill retired in 1967, he declared the mill retired as well. He refused to sell or even lease it. The mill stood empty and neglected from 1967 until the mid-1990s, when the Wallace heirs sold the property to Frank Pierce, owner of the Bank of Chickamauga and the Crystal Springs Printworks, a textile finishing mill. Pierce completely restored the mill turbines and all working machinery, as well as restoring the building and its foundation, spending as much as $1 million of his own money. Trees cut from nearby Pigeon Mountain were milled on-site to create the current wooden dam that crosses West Chickamauga Creek. The original millstones were replaced with ones made by the same company that had made the originals more than 160 years earlier. Today the mill is owned by the City of Chickamauga and is both a museum and a popular locale for weddings and social events. The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places on Feb. 8, 1980.

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:DONHU FRXUWKRXVH LV H[DPSOH RI %HDX[ $UWV VW\OH THE WALKER %\ -26+ 2Âś%5<$17 holes in the outside walls COUNTY Courthouse in of the structure. It was 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII LaFayette was placed on destroyed by fire in 1883. the National Register of According to genealogist Historic Places in 1980 and marks the and historian Paul K. Graham, author fourth courthouse for the area. of “Georgia Courthouse Disasters,â€? The courthouse, in use today, was the courthouse was deliberately set on built in 1918 in the Beaux-Arts classi- fire on Feb. 2, 1883, around 2 a.m. cal and Italian Renaissance revival The fire destroyed the building, styles. It’s at the corner of Duke Street along with almost all of Walker and East Patton Street, one block east County’s records, dating back 50 of the town square. years. Numerous arson attempts tarAccording to the LaFayette geted the county’s remaining records Historic Preservation Commission, the months after the fire. first courthouse used was a double-log All the arson attempts were blamed structure built in 1820 as a Cherokee on one unidentified suspect. Council House. It was located at Later that same year, a red brick Crawfish Springs, which is now courthouse was constructed in its known as Chickamauga. place and served Walker County until When the county seat moved to the present-day courthouse was conLaFayette, the second courthouse was structed in 1918. built there in 1837 of brick and stucThe present Walker County co. It was located in the middle of the Courthouse is a three-story cream-brick square and completed shortly before building that was built at cost of $80,000. the Cherokee removal in 1838. It was dedicated on April 23, 1918, That courthouse survived the Battle and considered at that time to be the of LaFayette in 1864 with several bullet finest courthouse in Georgia.

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*RUGRQ /HH 0DQVLRQ )URP DQWHEHOOXP WR QHZ PLOOHQQLXP IT WAS ON THE GROUNDS of %\ 0,.( 2Âś1($/ 1889, of what is considered one of, if not Gordon-Lee Mansion and nearby the, greatest barbecues in American his3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Crawfish Spring where veterans of the tory. Confederate and Union armies, who in It was there that about 14,000 veterans 1863 had faced one another in mortal combat during of the Battle of Chickamauga — Confederate and the Battle of Chickamauga, met peacefully for the Union — gathered on Sept. 20, 1989, to share a meal, smoke a pipe of peace and lay the groundoriginal Blue and Gray Barbecue of 1889. work for what would become the nation’s first and One year later, Congress appropriated funds to preserve the Chickamauga Battlefield, creating the largest national military park. “The peace pipe stems were made from reeds cut nation’s first and largest national military park. Crawfish Spring, the artesian spring that gave the at Crawfish Spring and the pipe bowls were carved from wood taken from the battlefield,â€? said John town its name at the time of Battle of Chickamauga Culpepper, a local historian and Chickamauga’s city in 1863, is directly across Cove Road (Ga. 341) manager for decades. from the mansion, which was added to the National Keynote speakers at that historic event were Gen. Register of Historic Places on March 22, 1976. William Rosecrans, leader of the Union’s Army of The circa-1840s home served as a hospital for the Cumberland, and Georgia Gov. John Gordon, Union troops during the war and was the scene, in

who had served as a commanding general in the Army of Northern Virginia. But the house is important beyond its service as a hospital and grand picnic ground. A log Cherokee council house was situated on the grounds surrounding the current mansion and that building served as the county courthouse from 1833-36. James Gordon bought the property following the forced removal of the Cherokee from the region in 1836 and developed a 2,500-acre plantation. Gordon had built a nearby grist mill on Chickamauga Creek that also served as Walker County’s first general store. He began construction of the current multi-story mansion in 1840 and completed the task in 1847. &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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• Anger & Depression Management Specialist • Behavior Management Specialist • Crisis Intervention Specialist Beverly Mason, LPC You are driving me crazy! You make me so mad I can’t see straight! The truth of the matter is we choose every action, including getting angry and blaming that anger on someone else. We might think something just “happened” to us when we actually choose to be angry or upset about a situation. Another person can not make you angry. Anger does not jump on you out of a tree. It does not attack you from out of nowhere. There is a certain process we must go through to become angry. It might look something like this: choose to be angry, raise your voice, turn red in the face, blood pressure shoots up, adrenaline is pumping, muscles are ready to spring into action, teeth are clenched together, and the fight or flight response kicks in. All of this is a chosen response to something that is not what we want it to be. Perhaps you learned it as a child and not yet chosen to correct it as an adult. All people are born with 5 basic needs: 1) To love and belong, 2) To be powerful, 3) To be free, 4) To have fun, 5) To survive. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs belonging is 3rd only to food/water and shelter. The strength of each need varies among people. All behavior is purposeful, motivated by our incessant desire to satisfy the basic needs woven into our genes. When these needs are not met we choose either to be angry or to handle it another way. Our brain constantly compares two things; our perception of reality and what we want at any given moment. The purpose of our chosen behavior is to reconcile what we want with our perception of reality. The mismatch of these two leads us to try a new strategy (or one that has worked in the past) to get what we want. I’m sure you have seen this tactic in small children screaming for candy or a toy. They are quick to learn how to get what they want. Choosing to be angry is coercive, intimidating and is also bullying. We see so much bullying in our schools today. Could the bullying have started from a small child learning how to get what he wants and not being corrected? It is certainly learned. Self-evaluation promotes responsibility. How often do we evaluate how we have chosen to get what we want? Avoidance of self-evaluation is an excuse not to be responsible for our choices. Have you ever said or heard, “that’s just the way I am” or “I can’t help it.” That statement is avoidance of responsibility for our choices. We are, however, quite choosy about who we blame. We would not not say to the pastor, “You make me so mad I can’t see straight.” However, we will lay the responsibility of our choices on our own children. It is time to learn how to make responsible choices about anger and blaming our actions on someone else when things don’t go our way. Therapy can help you with self-evaluation and lead you to personal growth and development which is one of our responsibilities as adults. Therapy is about self reflection and how to handle certain situations. It is also very beneficial for children to learn how to make decisions about their behavior while they are young. It is certainly preferable to them learning it the hard way. Contrary to popular belief, therapy is not “just for crazy people.” It is not a sign of weakness. It is not a lifelong journey. I enjoy being of service to the people of Rome and the surrounding area. I hope to hear from you. Beverly Cambron Mason, LPC

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AUGUST 2015 &RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH The antebellum building had front porches on both the first and second floors. Bricks used in its construction were made on the grounds and its walls vary in thickness from 16 inches on the lower floor to 12 inches on the upper. After building his mansion, James Gordon formed a partnership with James Lee to establish the Lee and Gordon’s Mills. One of the first Confederate units formed in the area, Company D of the 1st Georgia Infantry Regiment, was organized above Crawfish Springs and James Clark Gordon — James Gordon’s son — was elected as captain and commander of the company. The large boulder where Capt. Gordon accepted his command is still at the entrance to the driveway leading from Crawfish Spring to the mansion, just as it was in 1861. Several years later, in September 1863, Gordon’s troops fought at Chickamauga where 83 of its 194 men — 43 percent — were lost. James Lee married Elizabeth Gordon and purchased the plantation and house from the Gordon heirs. Following James’ and Elizabeth’s deaths, their son Gordon Lee bought the house and began its remodeling and restoration. Gordon Lee, who was 4 years old when his home was used by both the Union and Confederate armies

in turn, served in the U.S. Congress for 20 years. It was during his ownership in the early 1900s that a full-width upper porch — its floor level is still visible on the exterior brickwork — was removed and replaced with tall pillars that rise from foundation to roofline. After remaining in the Gordon family for 107 years, the mansion was purchased in 1974 by Frank Green, a local dentist. Through Green’s efforts the house and outbuildings, including some cabins used by the Gordons’ 30 slaves, were restored. Green sold the property to the City of Chickamauga in 2007 with stipulations that it be open to the public, that its period antique furnishings be kept as a collection on the premises and that, upon his death, it be known as the Gordon-LeeGreen Mansion. In 2011, the nonprofit Friends of Gordon-Lee Mansion was formed with the mission of promoting, preserving and presenting this historic site for the public’s education and enjoyment.

PAGE 39 “This house was built by slave labor and stands as a testament to their craftsmanship,� said Gary Gossett, president of the Friends. Gossett said the group works steadily to improve the grounds and building. Replacement of the original wavy glass panes that have been broken, and restoring door and window frames, are ongoing projects. “Our latest goal is to replace the 50-year-old drapes throughout the lower level,� he said. All proceeds from the $5per-adult fee to tour the GordonLee house and spend a day on its grounds are used to support maintenance of the “gem on the hill� in downtown Chickamauga. And on the third weekend in September, the Friends partner with the city to host the annual War Between the States Day. This celebration of the area’s history and traditions features a juried barbecue cooking competition, vendors, crafters and living history re-enactors outfitted in authentic Union and Confederate uniforms. For information about this annual event visit friendsofthegordonleemansion.org.

The large boulder where Capt. Gordon accepted his command is still at the entrance to the driveway leading from Crawfish Spring to the mansion, just as it was in 1861.

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/DQH +RXVH LV D KLGGHQ WUHDVXUH RI IDUPODQG THE LANE HOUSE, a historic %\ -26+ 2Âś%5<$17 death, Matilda then passed the home on farmhouse in Walker County, has seen to her sister, Mary Bird Harlan. 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII many owners, mostly family heirs. Harlan died in 1894 and the home The house, built in 1859 in was eventually sold to her daughter Kensington, was added to the National Register of Gussie and son-in-law Jeff Strickland. Historic Places on Feb. 8, 1980, as an example of Strickland’s sons inherited the farm upon their American Gothic architecture and farm life during mother’s death in 1941. the period of 1850 to 1874. It is privately owned. There were four sons: Lewis (who died in childAccording to “Walker County Georgia Heritage hood), Harlan, Ralph, and Henry. All four sons were Book (1883-1983)â€?: born in the home. In 1837 Richard “Dickâ€? Lane and brother-in-law Harlan died in 1955 and left his portion of the James Park came to Walker County to buy about home to Ralph. 1,200 acres from the Cherokee Land Lot owners. Ralph married Ruth Warrenfells of LaFayette in Park contracted pneumonia and died. His widow, 1938. They had two daughters, Jane and Laura. Winny, and the couple’s four children, moved to a Ralph farmed 350 acres of open land, raising farm adjoining that of her brother Dick Lane. Hereford cattle. She lived there until her brother’s wife and child Ralph died in 1961, after which his wife, two died, then moved into the large colonial home with daughters and brother Henry sold the land to a her brother until 1859, when he remarried to a dairyman named Mose Tarvin. woman named Matilda Bird. Winny remarried to a Tarvin then sold the home to a dentist named man named Daniel Major and moved to his farm in Eugene Sliger, who turned and sold the home to Peavine County. another dairyman named Ross Brock. Brock only The threat of war had motivated Dick and kept the home for a few short months, before he Matilda Lane to move from Walker County just sold it to Richard and Colleen Weathers. prior to the Battle of Chickamauga. Richard Weathers was a beef-cattle farmer from When Lane died with no children to inherit the Cobb County. land, the estate went to Matilda. At the time of her The couple bought the home when it was in a

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&RNH RYHQV IXHOHG &KLFNDPDXJD¡V IRXQGLQJ &KDWWDQRRJD¡V IRXQGULHV THE REMAINS of the But the nearby moun%\ 0,.( 2Âś1($/ Chickamauga coke ovens, taintop coal seams played 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII located just north of downout and the ovens went town alongside Ga. 341, cold during the Great once turned coal into coke for use in Depression. Chattanooga’s foundries. They were The 17-mile long Chickamauga & listed on the National Register of Durham Railroad became a short Historic Places in May 2009. branch of the Central of Georgia rail From mines on Lookout Mountain, system and remained in service until coal was carried down a winding rail1951, four years after the Durham road to the Durham Coal & Coke mines closed. Track and crossties Co.’s beehive ovens. were removed and now only the comThe narrow-gauge railway was pacted and level ground that supported built about 1891 and twice daily was the railbed remains. used to bring freshly mined coal to the Some of the abandoned ovens were ovens. There, the coal was burned in razed to make way for construction of the beehive-shaped brick ovens at a tufted carpet mill and the rest were high temperatures and with little oxyallowed to decay — slowly becoming gen, to remove impurities. What part of the landscape while serving as remained was coke, a refined form of a reminder of area’s industrial past. coal that burns hotter, longer and at a In 1998, the city of Chickamauga more constant temperature — essenpurchased what remained of the coke tial for making iron and steel. oven complex and an adjacent wetland Today, only a small portion of the area and began restoring its appearoven complex remains, but in 1904 ance as a heritage site. they covered a much larger area and Industrial development is what led were producing between 700 and to Chickamauga’s incorporation and it 1,000 tons of coke annually. was the Battle of Chickamauga that

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$Q ROG SKRWR VKRZV WUDLQ FDUV GXPSLQJ FRDO LQWR WKH FRNH RYHQV brought industry to the farms and woodlands of Walker County. Col. John Wilder, whose Union troops performed admirably during the Battle of Chickamauga, returned after the war to build iron works in Tennessee at Chattanooga, Rockwood and Johnson City. But it was at Crawfish Springs, as Chickamauga was then known, that

Wilder began his career as a tycoon of industry. Local historian John Culpepper said it was the prevalence of iron ore and coal deposits that made the area so promising. Chattanooga, a rail and river transportation hub, attracted the majority of foundries, but the coke ovens in Chickamauga helped fuel that growth.

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AUGUST 2015

&KLFNDPDXJD ILUVW ODUJHVW RI 86 PLOLWDU\ SDUNV SOME OF %\ 0,.( 2Âś1($/ THE MOST crit3DVW 7LPHV VWDII ical and costly fighting in the war that both divided and defined the United States of America as a nation occurred in the extreme northwestern corner of Georgia in mid-September 1863. Historians today refer to the Battle of Chickamauga as three days of combat that resulted in a tremendous rebel victory, but signaled the death knell of the Confederacy. The battlefield is part of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on Oct. 15, 1966. For the South, it was a costly win as more soldiers in gray were lost on the field of battle. And, though beaten, the blue-coated Northern army soldiers retreated to Chattanooga where they recovered and regrouped. On Thanksgiving they broke the rebel lines and Gen. Sherman began his campaign through Georgia. Plenty of Union officers had career-making — or breaking — days at Chickamauga. Gen. George Thomas earned the title “The Rock of Chickamaugaâ€? for his stand at Snodgrass Hill, an action that while not staving off its defeat saved from destruction the Union army. This battle was proved to be the tipping point that led to Abraham Lincoln to relieve Gen. William Rosecrans of his command, which was turned over to Gen. Thomas, and led to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant taking command of all Union forces in the Western Theater. While generals wrote memoirs of their wartime exploits and maps show troop movements as solid color blocks identified by a unit commander’s name, the Battle of Chickamauga’s story is one of individuals and small units. Battle plans, if there were such, failed to account for fighting in thickets and fields, where soldiers faced one another as much by accident as by design and fought with scant overall supervision. Communications were iffy at best. Blazing hot fall days yielded to nights with hoar frost covering the landscape, supplies were scarce, and the air buzzed with a constant roar of cannon and crackle of small arms fire.

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&RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH What was known as the Blue and Gray Barbecue of 1889 was a time of healing. It was also the catalyst that led to creation of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park which remains the oldest and largest of the nation’s military parks. Lt. Col. Henry Boynton, who fought at Chickamauga and was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his efforts in the Battle of Missionary Ridge, was visiting the former battlefield with another veteran in 1888 when a notion to develop a different kind of military park formed. Instead of a setting like Gettysburg, where monuments and memorials marked Union positions, he thought it appropriate that on this hallowed ground the battle lines of both Union and Confederate forces would be marked. The Chickamauga Battlefield Association was formed and, on Sept. 19, 1889, veterans of the Army of the Cumberland, the main Union army west of the Appalachians, held their annual reunion in Chattanooga. The following day, Sept. 20, 1889, former foes met in Chickamauga. Presiding over that day’s events were Georgia governor and former Confederate general John Gordon and California congressman and former Union general William Rosecrans.

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0L[ RI VW\OHV PDNH &RQQHU +RXVH VWDQG RXW THE %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 WESLEY 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII O. CONNER HOUSE was built in 1869 shortly after Conner purchased the property following his selection as superintendent of the Georgia School for the Deaf in Cave Spring. Located on Cedartown Street south of downtown Cave Spring, the Conner House is significant as an unusual example of mid-19th century eclectic residential architecture. Conner fought in the Civil War and was elected by the trustees for the Georgia School for the Deaf to serve as principal when the school was reopened after the war. He served in that capacity for 49 years, from 1867 to 1916. The house combines features of the Gothic and Greek Revival styles. Both styles are relatively rare in Georgia, although the Gothic Revival is well represented in Cave Spring, and their successful integration in one building is unique in local buildings. The property where the house sits was used as encampments for both Union and Confederate forces prior to

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5RODWHU PRUH WKDQ MXVW D SDUN THE CAVE IS THE %\ $/$1 5,48(/0< ed by the state led to REASON people come lower attendance and its 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII to Cave Spring. 1926 closure. It gave the city its The city of Cave name. It’s provided water to the city Spring owes its existence to schools for over 100 years. And it feeds the like Hearn Academy and GSD. creek that drifts lazily through the The park also holds significance as Rolater Park Historic District. the site of the first church built by Rolater Park is many things: argulocal Baptists. The brick structure ably the heart of Cave Spring, a gathbuilt in 1851 near Hearn Academy ering spot, the site of annual festivals was their meeting place for years. and a piece of history. The park was donated to the city in The park is a stone’s throw from the 1930s by Dr. Joseph B. Rolater. Fannin Hall, once part of the Georgia It was added to the National School for the Deaf. The division Register of Historic Places in 1980. between GSD’s old campus and Rolater Park’s most famous feature Rolater Park is easy to miss; the two is its spring, which comes from a cave essentially merge while walking the featuring a stone spring house. grounds. Residents and visitors regularly Rolater, however, is distinct from traipse through the park to get their GSD despite its proximity to it. fill of spring water, carrying it back to The land that became Rolater Park their homes or cars in large jugs. is the site of the city’s first school: Children often play in the cold, Hearn Academy. Founded in 1838, it spring fed creek that flows through remained open until a school supportthe park. They also enjoy a swimming Setting the standard in professionalism

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There’s a nominal fee to enter the cave, when it’s open to the public. Access to the park is free.

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'HSRW ODVW UHPQDQW RI UDLOURDG LQ &DYH 6SULQJ THE STRONG %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 transportation, the depot TOURISM boom that is significant as the only 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Cave Spring enjoyed surviving structure repreafter the Civil War was sentative of the railroad likely due to the impact of the railroad in Cave Spring. and the Cave Spring Railroad Station. In the postbellum period, the railSituated on level ground along east road aided in the growth of the local side of railroad tracks south of schools and academies, made Cave Alabama Road, the depot was built by Spring accessible as a small resort and Southern Railway in the late 19th cen- health spa, and contributed to the tury to replace an earlier depot. development of the city. Architecturally, the depot is significant The railroad maintained the depot as a representative example of small-town until the 1970s when the Cave Spring railroad architecture. Its construction, Historical Society purchased it to rendesign, detailing, and setting are charovate as a community center. acteristic of this type of local resource. A new roof was added to the strucIt was added to the NRHP in 1980. ture, but it was later purchased and This depot also serves as a landhas been the location of Joe Hill’s mark between the residential neighLawn Mower Shop. The caboose that borhood to the east and the outlying sits next to the building marks where countryside to the west. In terms of the railroad tracks were.

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&KXEE FKXUFK D V\PERO RI )OR\G·V ILUVW IUHH EODFN FRPPXQLW\ THE SIMPLE LITTLE CHURCH %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 on a slight hill between Cave Spring 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII and the Polk County line is the only structure that remains of Chubbtown. The Chubb Methodist Episcopal Church is on Chubb Road, five miles northwest of Cedartown and three and a half miles southeast of Cave Spring. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 1990. Built in 1870, the church is the only intact historic structure from the once-thriving community of Chubbtown, established solely by the free-black Chubb family. The Chubbs arrived in Floyd County in the early 1860s, purchased land and began settling the area. The community, which was serviced by its own post office, was composed of a general store, blacksmith shop, grist mill, distillery, syrup mill, saw mill, wagon company, cotton gin, coffin company and several farms, all owned and operated by the Chubb family. The Chubb family remained and prospered in Floyd County until the 1940s when a flood destroyed many of the family’s businesses.

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AUGUST 2015

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&KHURNHH &DELQ 9HWHUDQV 3OD]D GLVWLQJXLVK GRZQWRZQ &DYH 6SULQJ¡V FRPPHUFLDO GLVWULFW THE DENSELY-PACKED CAVE %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 clothing to agricultural implements. It SPRING COMMERCIAL Historic was not until after the Civil War that 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII District is small but has a lot of charthe commercial district truly develacter — with historical brick buildoped. ings, a hand-hewn log cabin discovered in recent Cobblers, grocers, druggists and a variety of years, and an oddly-shaped park. other commercial enterprises set up shop in the The district itself is centered on the intersections of area. Blacksmith shops and tanneries were other Alabama Road, Broad Street, Rome Road, Cedartown commercial enterprises located in downtown Cave Road, and Padlock Mountain Road, and extends for Spring. only about a block in all directions. It encompasses The application to the National Register of the historic commercial downtown of Cave Spring and Historic Places, filed in 1980, noted that a single is centrally located within the city limits. wood-framed structure — a two-story Greek Architecturally, the district consists primarily of Revival-era hotel-residence — stood at the southern a relatively dense group of several one- to two-story end of the district. brick buildings from the late 19th and early 20th The old hotel’s survival “must be regarded as centuries. unusual,â€? the documents state, but there was another The district is historically significant in the area surprise in store. It was discovered in 2010 that of commerce, as it has served as the commercial underneath the outer paneling were two separate center for Cave Spring since the late-1830s and structures, one of which was a log cabin believed to early-1840s. be built by Avery Vann. General stores were the first to locate in the disThe original Vann Cherokee Cabin, as it is now trict. They offered goods ranging from food to called, is thought to have been built around 1810. A

two-story addition on the south side of the building is estimated to have been built approximately 20-30 years later. The Cave Spring Commercial Historic District also is significant in terms of landscape architecture because of the small triangular-shaped park in its midst, known as Veterans Plaza. This park is typical of the kind of landscaping found in the centers of many small Georgia towns, although its elongated triangular shape is somewhat unusual and can be attributed to the intersection of streets and roads in the downtown area. It incorporates both the planned gridiron street pattern and the rather haphazard alignment of the intersecting country roads. The park’s history of development — from a wide place in the street to a grassy island and then a park — reflects the changing attitudes toward landscaping. Modern commercial buildings southeast of the park, including a bank, gas station, and restaurant, have been excluded from the district.

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0D\RU :DUH¡V KLVWRULF KRPH LQ IDPLO\ VLQFH ERXJKW E\ JUDQGSDUHQWV LQ IT’S EASY TO GET %\ $/$1 5,48(/0< National Register of TURNED AROUND Historic Places in 1980. 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII when hunting historic “It’s a historic strucCave Spring properties. ture,â€? Ware said. “It’s an That’s because their many owners old structure.â€? have given them different names over According to the home’s historic the years. One example is the Fincher- properties survey, Jackson Trout was a Ware House, also called the Whartonmerchant who helped organize the Trout House. Georgia School for the Deaf and was The home sits on the left side of a justice of the peace. Rome Street, before reaching Little The two-story home is a simple Dry Creek, as one enters Cave Spring. Italian Villa-style farmhouse. Built of Currently the home of Mayor Rob homemade brick, it sits on a slope Ware, the home was built in 1854 by between hills and a floodplain. Major Wharton of Virginia. The The historic survey states the propWharton family sold it to Jackson erty’s significance comes from its setTrout, whose son received it in 1871. ting among large trees and the surThe Finchers, Ware’s grandparents, rounding lawn. It’s a representation of bought it in 1906. The home, also the historic rural landscape found in known as Broad Oaks, was put on the outlying regions.

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47th Annual Great Locomotive Chase Festival October 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 2015

Arts & Crafts Festival held on the historical Town Square of Adairsville, Georgia

REGISTER TO WIN A DOOR PRIZE! Drawing Saturday Night • 10pm

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Sponsored by: The City of Adairsville

Call (770) 773-3451 Directions to the Great Festival From I-75, take Adairsville Exit 306, Highway 140 West. Go approximately 1 mile and turn left onto Main Street, then proceed 1/2 mile to City Square.

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3ODQWDWLRQ KRXVH GRXEOHG DV ERDUGLQJ KRXVH THE RURAL LIFE %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 OF A WEALTHY land3DVW 7LPHV VWDII owner is depicted by the William D. Cowdry Plantation house, located off of Rome Road north of downtown Cave Spring. Built in 1840 by William Cowdry, the house served as a plantation home and boarding house for girls attending the Cave Spring Female Academy across the road from the property. Cowdry was a trustee of Hearn Academy in the 1840s and third pastor of the Cave Spring Baptist Church. The house is historically significant for its use as the academy’s boarding house at a time before educational institutions included dormitories. Such accommodations were typical of 19th-century educational practices in Georgia and elsewhere. The house was later owned by Fielding Hight, an early settler of Cave Spring, for 50 years. Noted as one of the finest examples of a Federalstyle plantation house in the Cave Spring-Vann’s Valley area, its overall arrangement, interior plan, and detailing reflect a type and style that might have been obtained from a builder’s guide at the time of its construction. The rectangular, two-story house has a gable roof and four interior chimneys. It was constructed of

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year an exterior brick chimney was destroyed by fire. The relatively unaltered home, which was added to the NRHP in 1980, is still used as a private residence.

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Cave Spring, GA

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6ROGLHUV VHWWOHG DW )RUW 2JOHWKRUSH &DYDOU\ 3RVW ADJACENT TO ONE of %\ $'$0 &22. the country’s largest and old3DVW 7LPHV VWDII est Civil War parks, the Fort Oglethorpe Historic District draws thousands of locals and tourists each year to see the old military quarters and take part in events such as athletic tournaments and “Patriotism at the Post� during the Fourth of July weekend. The historic district includes The Post area on Barnhardt Circle, which was an active cavalry post from 1902 to 1946, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1979. Barnhardt Circle is also home to the original officers’ homes, guardhouse, bandstand, and the popular 6th Cavalry Museum. Other historic buildings include the gym, PX — the post exchange store, Quartermaster Building, Post Chapel and Post Theatre. Fort Oglethorpe recently approved the rezoning of one of the buildings, so that the owners could turn it into a bed-and-breakfast tourist attraction. The idea was endorsed by the director of the 6th Cavalry Museum, Chris McKeever. “We fully support this,� McKeever told the council. “A lot of history buffs and tourists like visiting the houses to see where members of the military stayed. We think having a place for them to travel to

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park, and the historic district can be found on the city’s website at cityoffortoglethorpe.com.

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&RQIHGHUDWHV ZRQ VDIH SDVVDJH DW 5LQJJROG *DS AS TRAVELERS PASS The battlefield site is %\ $'$0 &22. through downtown Ringgold located about a half-mile 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII along U.S. Highway 41, they past the depot and is encounter the historic Depot, equipped with a picnic area the downtown commercial district, the where locals and tourists can park and Whitman-Anderson House, and a little spend a little time learning about the farther, the Ringgold Gap Battlefield. site. The battlefield was added to the The battle occurred on Nov. 27, National Register of Historic Places on 1863, with approximately five hours of March 12, 2011. fighting taking place before Maj. Gen.

Patrick Cleburne obtained a Confederate victory. The victory created safe passage for wagon trains and artillery units of the Army of Tennessee, and they were able to retreat through the mountain pass. The gap site houses a commemorative wall overlooking the Gap, a narrative tablet telling all about the Battle, and a statue of Cleburne.

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2OG 6WRQH &KXUFK XVHG DV &LYLO :DU KRVSLWDO ONE OF THE %\ $'$0 &22. MOST POPULAR 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII historical attractions in Ringgold is the Old Stone Church and Museum off U.S. 41 on Catoosa Parkway, as the structure exudes both religious and medical history. Built in 1837, the initial building was originally a Presbyterian church, and was also used as a hospital for both the Union and Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. The building that exists now was constructed in 1850, and now houses a museum of information about the history and significance. In 2014, McConnell Park was built right next door to the church so locals and tourists could enjoy the area and also learn more about one of the county’s most historical landmarks. The Old Stone Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on Nov. 29, 1979. The registry lists the church’s periods of significance from 1850-1874.

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5LQJJROG 'HSRW ZHOFRPHG LWV ILUVW WUDLQ LQ FEW LANDMARKS in %\ $'$0 &22. Catoosa County are more pop3DVW 7LPHV VWDII ular or get as much daily use in the city of Ringgold than that of the historic Ringgold Depot, which has stood for more than 160 years and continues to attract locals and tourists from all over to learn of its contributions to the area. Built in 1849, the depot is one of the few remaining antebellum railroad depots in the state of Georgia, and also serves as the city’s visitor information center and the town’s tourism hub. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on Nov. 30, 1978. “The depot is a big draw for the area,� said Joseph Brellenthin, Ringgold’s director of downtown development. “People love the history, they like walking through it and looking at the display boxes and things that tell about what all has taken place there.� The depot has been in service almost as long as the city has had its township. After Ringgold was established in 1847, the depot soon followed. The building, which is a stone structure made of mountain rock, welcomed its first train in 1850. Although the depot looks very much the same as it did from the very beginning, the building has endured renovations and rebuilding over the years as a result

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7KH 'HSRW VLWV DW WKH FRUQHU RI 1DVKYLOOH DQG 'HSRW VWUHHWV LQ GRZQWRZQ 5LQJJROG of age, as well as damage suffered during wartime. In 1863, the depot suffered severe fire damage when two Confederate generals lit the building on fire to prevent the Union army from gaining control of the supplies in the building. As the Civil War progressed, the building was also packed with gunpowder and lit, resulting in the

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roof of the building being blown off. During the second weekend of every month, music graces the depot stage with the “Sensational Second Weekend Series,� which includes Sacred Sounds Fridays and the Ringgold Opry on Saturdays. Both nights include traditional gospel music, mountain music, and the sounds of Appalachia.

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-XOLHWWH /RZ FUHDWHG FDPS RQ KHU WHUPV JULIETTE GORDON camp personally owned by 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII LOW, founder of the Girl her. In 1926 Juliette Low Scouts, personally estabtransferred the deed to a lished just one camp in her lifetime — holding company called “Camp this one. Juliette Low, Inc.� Over the years as The camp is located atop Lookout the Girl Scouts pulled away from Mountain in the Cloudland area near operating national training camps, the intersection of Ga. 48 and Ga. Camp Juliette Low Inc. assumed 157. responsibility for operating the camp She came to this place by muleand it became a non-profit camp for team in 1921, explored the flat moungirls. The Board of Trustees of Camp taintop on foot, and found a place of Juliette Low Inc. continues to operate great natural beauty, with a rock the camp to this day. It is no longer a swimming hole and boulder-strewn Girl Scout camp.� hillside. The Ledbetter brothers, who According to Carter, Low persuadhad offered her 10 acres of their ed the Ledbetters to give the 10 acres Northwest Georgia land for her projof property for the camp. She estabect, truly wished to keep the swimlished leadership camps for Girl ming hole for themselves, but Mrs. Scouts across the United States. Low declared firmly, “The rocks it And today, the camp, which has will be or nothing.� And so Camp continued to expand over the years, is Juliette Low began — on the foundlocated on a sprawling 330 acres. er’s terms — and so it has remained, “The camp is no longer a Girl as stated on the camp’s website. Scout Camp,� said Carter. “It is now a From the first, Camp Juliette Low, non-profit camp for girls.� according to the website’s information, “We operate eight weeks every was a place for girls and young summer,� said Carter. “And we offer women to develop confidence and pre- horseback riding, swimming, canoeing pare for leadership responsibilities. Its and arts and crafts.� original purpose, in fact, was to train “We are a fairly rustic camp,� said Girl Scout leaders while providing a Carter. “The girls live in wood, platwilderness camping experience for form tents. They learn a good bit younger girls. It was eminently sucabout outdoor skills. It is a great cessful in both purposes, attracting place.� several hundred campers each summer. Campers today, Carter said, live in While CJL retains friendly ties the same type of tent structures they with the Girl Scouts, it became an used in the 1920s. independent nonprofit camp in the According to Carter, Camp Juliette 1930s. It is currently managed by a Low was named to the National board of trustees, many of whom were Register of Historic Places in 1987. CJL campers and staff in their youth. Carter herself has been affiliated The original 10 acre tract has with Camp Juliette Low since 1957. grown to about 330 acres and now Her daughter and her granddaughter includes a long stretch of the East are also former campers. Fork of the Little River, a lake, a “Every year we have kind of a white pine forest, and many other nat- reunion,� said Carter. “People come ural attractions. The State of Georgia back and live in the tents, do camp recently purchased and set aside as a things. And a lot of their children and wildlife management area over 1000 grandchildren come as well.� acres of forests and fields on CJL’s Nancy Brim operates the camp the northern and eastern borders. first of the summer, while Kappy Camp Juliette Low is accredited by Kelly operates the camp for the second the American Camp Association. half of the summer, Carter said. Both “In 1922 the land for the camp was are teachers from Cobb County and donated by John and Will Ledbetter to former Camp Juliette Low campers. Juliette Low,� said Peggy Carter, his“It is a really great, interesting and torian for Camp Juliette Low. “The rustic structure,� said Carter. “We use deed was in her name and is the only it for all kinds of things.�

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&KDWWRRJD &RXUWKRXVH EXLOW LQ LPDJH RI DQRWKHU IN 1908, AFTER SOME prodding by the local newspaper, the Chattooga County Board of Roads and Revenues agreed that their old brick courthouse should be replaced with a larger and more up-to-date building. After hearing about a splendid new courthouse being built in Baxley, a town of similar size in southeastern Georgia, the board members decided to travel there and see it for themselves. They must have been thoroughly impressed because the Chattooga Courthouse is nearly identical to the Baxley structure. The Chattooga County Courthouse was constructed in 1909 by Fall City Construction Co. The architect for the facility was Bryan Architectural Firm out of St. Louis, Mo. The Chattooga County Courthouse represents the Neo Classical style of architecture with facade material consisting of granite facing on masonry construction. There are three Corinthian tetra-style entrances to the Courthouse. All entrances are pedimented with pavil-

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the tower, is the courtroom which is distinguished by a large arched stained glass window behind the judge’s bench. This window depicts the Georgia state

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seal, a three-columned arch guarded by a soldier, with the motto “Wisdom, Justice and Moderation.” The Chattooga County Courthouse is the architectural focal point of the county seat, Summerville. The Chattooga County Courthouse, located in Summerville, was built in 1909 to replace the original 1840 courthouse. This Neoclassical Revival structure, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Source: Chattooga County Commissioners Office

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2OG RSHUD KRXVH LQ )RUW 3D\QH GDWHV EDFN WR ODWH V THE FORT 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII PAYNE OPERA HOUSE was built in the late 1800s while Fort Payne was in the midst of its boom period. The presence of coal and iron ore deposits in the area led to the belief that Fort Payne would rival Birmingham. The opera house, constructed in 1889, was known as the Rice Opera House, built by W.P. Rice of the Rice Investment Co. An original program dated Oct. 16, 1889, shows that Elsa Clark Cushing, a Bostonian, appeared at the Opera House in a grand concert. On Aug. 22, 1890, Fort Payne Journal stated that Fort Payne could “... boast of the most convenient and handsomest Opera House in the state.â€? Following a showing of “The Lady In Red,â€? starring Barbara Stanwyck, the opera house as closed in October 1935. On Oct. 8, 1973, a historical marker was placed at the Opera House. A portion of the inscription reads ‌ “The oldest theater in Alabama located in a building originally constructed as a theater. Listed in National Register of Historic Places and the National Register of 19th century theaters in America.â€? Dekalb County Historian Douglas Brandon is well acquainted with the Fort Payne Opera House. “It is a beautiful old building,â€? said Brandon. “They have taken care of it quite well. It adjoins the old coal and iron building which was built about the same time.â€?

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2OG IXUQDFH KHOSHG DUP &RQIHGHUDF\ CORNWALL 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII FURNACE MEMORIAL PARK is located on the edge of Weiss Lake just off Cherokee County Road 291 between Cedar Bluff and Gaylesville, Alabama. Today the county park is a beautiful and peaceful place. During the Civil War and Reconstruction Period that followed, it was the scene of some of the county’s most dramatic activity. The Cornwall Furnace was the first of 13 furnaces built in Alabama under contract with the Confederate government to produce iron for the Confederacy. &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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PAGE 62 &RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH It was built in 1862 by the Noble Brothers Company of Rome, Ga. Its entire production, six to eight tons a day, went to the Noble Brothers Co., one of the South’s largest munitions manufacturers. The furnace’s importance and its location made it a military target In October 1864, Union Gen. William T. Sherman’s men damaged the furnace’s massive stone stack but were unable to knock it down. After the war the Cornwall Furnace was the second furnace in Alabama to go back into production and played an important part in the county’s economic recovery during the Reconstruction Period. For 15 years, the Cherokee Historical Society sought to purchase and create a war memorial park at Cornwall Furnace. They got the site listed on the National Register of Historic Places on Sept. 27, 1972. The Cherokee County Commission created a committee to oversee the development of the site into a park. According to the site’s 1972 nomination form for the National Historic Register: “This basically unaltered cold blast furnace is one of the best preserved furnaces of its period in Alabama. Its secluded location in a rural area has served to preserve it.

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“In 1864 all flammable parts of the furnace were destroyed, and were rebuilt in 1867; however, the furnace itself is all that remains today.” In describing the site’s significance, the nomination form include: “Because of the size of the projected furnace operation, the canal and the tunnel to be built, a rather large labor force was required to complete it in a short time. (It has been estimated that one thousand persons worked on the construction project using the unsophisticated equipment of the 1860s.) “A tunnel through the hill east of the furnace site and a canal extending a half-mile to the stream bed of the Chattooga River was necessary to obtain the required water power to operate the blowing engines for the furnace. “The Noble Brothers designed and built the machinery required for the operation of their found-

ries in Rome, Georgia. The machinery was moved by steam boat on the Coosa River to Cedar Bluff and then hauled by ox wagons to the site at Cornwall. “The Noble Brothers named the site ‘Cornwall’ after their native county of Cornwall in southwest England. “The furnace was put into operation in early 1863. The red hematite ore was hauled to the furnace in twowheel ox carts from Dirt Cellar Mountain approximately three miles from the site. The laborers broke the mined ore into usable sizes with sledge hammers. “Many farmers and plantation owners in the surrounding area were engaged in the manufacture of charcoal for the operation. Samuel Porter Jones, the great national evangelist of the 1800s, labored as a driver of one of these ox drawn carts during the 1870s.”

After the war the Cornwall Furnace was the second furnace in Alabama to go back into production and played an important part in the county’s economic recovery during the Reconstruction Period.

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Resaca Confederate Cemetery is the final resting place for approximately 400 confederate soldiers who fell in the bloody two-day Battle of Resaca on May 14 and 15, 1864, between the forces of Generals Johnston and Sherman. The daughters of Col. John Green, the superintendent of the Georgia Railroad, collected and reinterred the bodies from shallow graves to this plot known as the Confederate Cemetery, the first of its kind in Georgia.

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)URP WKH &KHURNHH WKURXJK WKH &LYLO :DU THE FREEMAN-HURT 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII HOUSE, also known as the Freeman-Hurt-Evans House, Rockdale Plantation or the George Adair home, is a 47-acre property located on U.S. 411 in Ranger. Though it is not currently open to the public, the property is rich in history and piques the interest of many history enthusiasts. The home has been said to represent almost all phases of North Georgia history, beginning with the Cherokee Indians and continuing through the Civil War and even into present day. It is well known for its historical architectural details and its use as a stagecoach home. The Freeman-Hurt house, which began as a log cabin, has been built onto many times and is now an 18-room structure. It dates as far back as 1785. Also on the property is a guest house, coined “Travelers Rest,� that is known to date back into the 1830s. The property was built and owned by George Washington Adair, a Cherokee settler who also signed the Treaty of New Echota, which began the removal of the Indians in the Trail of Tears. Adair’s land was then put into the land lottery and sold by the government in 66-acre blocks.

Traveler’s Rest James Freeman, a representative from Gordon County, bought the property before the Civil War. Freeman established a large trading plantation and supply post on the land for those traveling Old Federal Highway. The highway, which was previously known as Old Tennessee Road, was used by the Indians for trading. During Freeman’s time on the property, it was used to herd cattle from Augusta to Tennessee. Freeman became a powerhouse and a prominent citizen because of the trading that took place on his plantation; it became known as Rockdale Plantation and remained one of the largest in the state from the 1830s until the 1860s. Traveler’s Rest was known as a place for stagecoaches to take breaks, water their horses, enjoy refreshments and rest overnight. The once two-story structure was reduced to a single story after a small fire forced the top of the structure to be torn off. It originally had tongue-and-groove siding and still displays its shed-style porch. From this structure, one can see four very large, very old cedar trees, which once outlined a walkway to the front door of the main house.

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of Historic Places in 1975. It was abandoned in the 1980s and has not since been occupied. The house is currently in corporate ownership.

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1HZ (FKRWD 6LWH RI VW $PHULFDQ ,QGLDQ QHZVSDSHU UHSXEOLFDQ JRYHUQPHQW FORMER CHEROKEE 225 in Calhoun offers visi3DVW 7LPHV VWDII NATION capital New Echota tors a museum and several in Gordon County played period buildings seen on a host to a series of significant Native self-guided walking tour. It was listed American firsts. on the National Register of Historic In 1825, some 10 years before the Places in 1970. Trail of Tears, it was designated the The Worcester House, the only seat of government for the new structure original to the historic site, Cherokee Nation. During its short his- was constructed in 1828 by the Rev. tory, New Echota was the site of the Samuel Worcester, who translated first American Indian-language newsparts of the Bible and many hymns paper. into Cherokee and served as town It’s where Native Americans first postmaster. formed a republican government with Vann Tavern would have served a written constitution, and it was the travelers as a restaurant, store and inn, place where the removal of native most likely along a federal road, but is peoples began with the signing of a not original to New Echota. The buildtreaty that relinquished Cherokee ing was constructed about 1805 in claims to lands east of the Mississippi Forsyth County and moved to New River. Echota in 1955. Today, New Echota Cherokee &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH Capital State Historic Site at 1211 Ga.

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&RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH In addition to farmsteads and a print shop, the site also includes reconstructions of the Council House used by Cherokee leaders and the Cherokee Supreme Court, which met annually to hear cases appealed from lower courts, mostly civil matters, including disputes over debts. Ranger Chelsea Bishop, who leads tours of the site, said the Cherokee were a civilized people. “When you come here, you see a regular pioneer town or what you would think of as a white pioneer town,� she said. “They had come a very long way from what they were being considered to be — savages. By this time, they had already assimilated so much to a white society that it’s almost unbelievable that they were made to leave. But ultimately it comes down to land, greed and gold.� About 7,000 visitors a year visit the site, according to David Gomez, site manager, who has worked at New Echota for 17 years and lives on the property. Budget cuts in 2009 and 2010 reduced the hours to just three days per week. The site now is open four days a week, Wednesday through Saturday, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

An alphabet and newspaper About 1809, a mixed-blood Cherokee named Sequoyah began developing a written language. The 86-character, syllable-based alphabet was complete by 1821 and five years later, adopted by the Cherokee Council for use in a new newspaper, Cherokee Phoenix. “He had worked for about 10 years trying a lot of different ideas to develop what was known then as Talking Leaves, the written word, and he isolated the sounds in their spoken language,� Gomez said. “He assigned and invented and marred letters and characters from our language and from some other languages and made some up to where he had one symbol for each sound in their language.� The weekly, bilingual publication, which published from 1828 to 1834, was the first Native American language newspaper and printing operation in the U.S., Gomez said. Printed mostly in English, a portion of each issue was dedicated to the Cherokee language. It was distributed in Georgia, parts of the U.S. and in Europe. In addition to the newspaper, New Echota’s print shop produced thousands of pages of other publications, including the Bible, hymns and a novel. “By the time of the Trail of Tears in the 1830s, the literacy rate for the Cherokee was about as high as you would have found in frontier Georgia, the low 20 percent range,� Gomez said. Worcester worked with tribe leaders to establish the print shop and newspaper, of which Cherokee Elias Boudinot was the first editor. It closed in 1834 due to lack of funds for operations and the press was seized by the Georgia Militia.

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An experiment in self government New Town was renamed New Echota in 1825, when the Cherokee Council, disregarding its traditional clan system of ruling, adopted a resolution making it the nation’s capital. Several hundred Cherokees would have filled New Echota — named after an earlier principal town in Tennessee, Chota — during annual council meetings. By 1827, Native Americans had been pressured to move west. The discovery of gold on Cherokee land in 1828 brought further pressure.

Removal as a trailhead Despite the Cherokee Nation’s progress, the government moved forward on the removal westward of all Native Americans remaining east of the Mississippi River. “They surveyed the land and started getting ready for the land lottery for the land to be given away to Georgia citizens, just to make life more miserable for (the Indians),� Gomez said. “It was kind of the last straw.� Georgia declared Cherokee laws void, annexed Cherokee land and conducted the 1832 Georgia Land Lottery. As gold miners and lottery winners flooded Cherokee land, a small minority of Cherokees began to favor removal and in 1835 signed the Treaty of New Echota at Boudinot’s home. It ceded all Cherokee lands for $5 million and gave the Cherokee $300,000 for improvements on their new land in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma. Contested by most Cherokees and fiercely debated in Washington, the treaty passed the U.S.

Congress by a one-vote margin. Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson in 1836, it gave the Cherokee two years to vacate the land. In 1838, 7,000 federal troops and state militia began removing the remaining Cherokees in an ordeal that has become known as the Trail of Tears. “A lot of people see (New Echota) as the official starting point for the Trail of Tears. It just really depended on where you lived,� Gomez said. “If you live up where Chattanooga is today and they came and took you off your farm, that’s where the Trail of Tears started for you.� Cherokee removed from their homes were placed in stockades, one of which, Fort Wool, was located at New Echota. More than 15,000 Cherokees eventually were forced west on trips that averaged 120 days. Some 2,000 Cherokee died in camps during the removal process and shortly afterwards, Gomez said. Disease, caused by crowded living and traveling conditions, poor supplies and a severe winter were contributing factors. After the removal, New Echota disappeared and became farmland. In the early 1950s, a group of Calhoun residents bought 200 acres of the town and gave it to the state of Georgia. Archaeological excavations began soon after and restoration of the Worcester House and reconstruction of historical buildings followed. New Echota Cherokee Capital State Historic Site was officially dedicated in 1962 in a ceremony attended by many Cherokees. As a healing gesture, the state legislature repealed laws still on the books that had denied the Cherokee the right to freedom on their ancestral land.

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5RFNPDUW KLVWRULF GLVWULFW JUHZ XS DURXQG UDLOURDG DOWNTOWN ROCKMART 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII retains the charm of a small Southern town filled with historic buildings that escaped the so-called “tin man� look of the 1970s and 1980s, when everything was going modern and aluminum replaced brick facades. Some of the downtown buildings are occupied by businesses that have been in existence for 50 or more years. The business owners take pride in family history and their Welsh heritage, a legacy of the men who were brought to the area from the British Isles to work as miners when Van Wert was settled in 1838. According to local records, railway planners considered running tracks through East Polk County and immediately thought of Van Wert — a town of slate and rock quarries — as the logical place for the Southern Railway depot. However, these plans were changed when a wealthy landowner, Col. Seaborn Jones, offered the railroad land and money to build a station one mile west. Incorporated in 1872, Rockmart grew up around the railroad. The city takes its name from the area’s Rock Market, one that boasted an abundance of slate, limestone, iron shale and clay. The Rockmart Downtown Historic District contains much of the historic commercial development from 1872 through 1953. The district is significant as an example of community planning and development because of its intact town plan. It also has historic significance due to the presence of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, which began in 1866 as the Cartersville and Van Wert Railroad Company and continued from 1876 to 1886 as the Cherokee Railroad and from 1886 to 1902 as the East and West Railroad. This rail line was of key importance to the development of Rockmart and Polk County. The Silver Comet Trail, a modern tourist attraction in Rockmart’s Historic Downtown, is built on the abandoned rail line, which was once owned by Seaboard Air Line Railroad. The trail was named for the silver passenger train that traveled along this route from May 1947 until April 1969, carrying passengers and mail between New York and Birmingham.

The public square The Rockmart Downtown Historic District — listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 2009 — is centered on a public square, roughly bounded by the former rail line and Beauregard, Marble, and Elm Streets. The downtown square is anchored by the first building designed by architect Roy Reece. The Colonial Revival-style City Hall, completed in 1921, later housed the police department. It is now

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6PLWK /RFNZRRG 'UXJ DQG -HZHOU\ DW 6 0DUEOH 6W KDV EHHQ LQ EXVLQHVV LQ GRZQWRZQ 5RFNPDUW VLQFH occupied by the Rockmart Chamber of Commerce and the Rockmart Historical Museum. One- and two-story structures in the downtown area represent Early Commercial architecture, with decorative brickwork and elements of Neoclassical Revival and Colonial Revival styles. The initial core of the downtown historic included several agricultural and industrial buildings along the railroad and two gas stations. Considered important are the 1915 Rockmart Warehouse and Transfer Co. building, a 1940s cotton and fertilizer gin and warehouse, and the circa 1900 J.M. Cochran Cotton Warehouse. Some of the historic buildings have been remod-

eled to house a different type of business. A service station, owned by Fred Hughes during the early days, is now the location of the Rock Cafe and Ice Cream Shop. It is located at the intersection of Elm and Marble streets. Smith-Lockwood Drug and Jewelry, at 114 S. Marble St., has been in business at its downtown location since O.E. Smith and James “Max� Lockwood purchased it from Fred Barrow in 1947. It is owned and operated by Sondi and David Vest, the daughter of the late Steve Smith, a former mayor, and granddaughter O.E. Smith, one of the original owners. A major landmark in Rockmart’s Downtown Historic District is the U.S. Post Office, at 130 Elm St. It was built in 1940 with federal Treasury Department funds. The $70,000 building was dedicated in June 1940. Artist Reuben Gambrell completed a mural on a wall of the post office in 1941. He is said to have checked several sites before selecting a kiln scene at the Southern States Cement Co. as the topic for the New Deal artwork. Tourists and others who visit the local post office can still view it. Other community landmark buildings in the downtown historic district are the Rockmart Presbyterian Church, the 1914 Romanesque-style First United Methodist Church and the 1951 Rockmart Lodge No. 97.

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+LVWRU\ WDNHV LWV VKRWV EXW %LJ 6SULQJ NHHSV IORZLQJ BIG SPRING PARK %\ 75,&,$ &$0%521 — three blocks west of 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII the Polk County Courthouse — has been many things to many different people over the last 150 years. The park, with the Cedartown Waterworks and the Woman’s Club building, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. But it all started with the waters of Big Spring. The Cherokee called it the Valley of the Cedars and considered it sacred. A government agent came upon it in 1796 and immediately considered its commercial value, noting it had “water enough to run a mill.� In the 1930s, a writer in the mood for metaphor described it as “our outdoor living room.� The Daughters of the American Revolution considered it, “God’s gift to the Creeks, the Creeks’ gift to the Cherokees, and Asa Prior’s gift to the town.� Whatever name or description, it is universally agreed that Cedartown would not be Cedartown without the Big Spring. From a practical point of view, the availability of such a prolific source of fresh water was a big draw for explorers looking for new land to settle in the 1800s. From a more poetic point of view, the stream, with its weeping willows and fieldstone bridge, has long been a favorite landmark for locals and visitors. The human history of Big Spring begins with the Creek nation, followed by the Cherokee. Surrounded by a thick grove of red cedar trees, the spring was the center of Cherokee daily life. It was not only a source of pure, plentiful water, the Cherokee held their celebrations on the banks of the spring, cleaned their fresh kill on its rocks, and gathered food from the meadows and forest alongside it. But following the arrival of white settlers, the history of the Big Spring turned from one of wonder to one of exploitation and degradation — before a determined group of Cedartown women turned its story into one of resurrection.

Early history Col. Benjamin Hawkins, a U.S. agent for Indian Affairs south of the Ohio River, recorded the first written reference to the Big Spring in 1796. In 1826 two scouts, Linton Walthall and Hampton Whatley, found the spring and established trading posts, one above the spring and one farther south at Tanyard Branch. By 1831, news of the area’s plentiful game, good land, thick forests and abundant water supply spread and the white settlement grew quickly, pushing against the boundaries of the Cherokee villages and ceremonial grounds that remained throughout the area.

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7KH :DWHUZRUNV ZDV EXLOW WR SXPS ZDWHU IURP %LJ 6SULQJ WR KRXVHV LQ &HGDUWRZQ The Big Spring maintained its natural beauty into the late 1880s and is shown on an 1891 Cedartown Land Improvement Co. map as a nine-acre park. But the wild flowing spring that had run unimpeded through the valley for thousands, if not millions of years, would not remain wild much longer.

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7KLV SDLQWLQJ GHSLFWV DQ HDUO\ YLHZ RI &HGDUWRZQÂśV %LJ 6SULQJ In the spring of 1838, U.S. troops “removedâ€? the approximately 200 remaining Cherokee from their homes in Big Spring and marched them and thousands of other Native Americans to Oklahoma on a journey that is now known as the Trail of Tears. Following the removal of the Cherokee and the forfeiture of their land, the real estate market boomed. One of the largest landowners in the area was Asa Prior, who owned thousands of acres, including the land traversed by the Big Spring. In 1852 Prior deeded the town the spring and 40 acres, with the stipulation that it “must remain open to man and beast.â€?

In 1892 a contract was let between the city and Col. William Barton and Charles Barton to construct the Cedartown Waterworks, which would pump water from the spring into every home in town that could pay for it. The company immediately began the task of wrangling the spring into submission, stripping away the groves of cedar trees and blasting the rock cliffs formed before man had memory. “The spring had met its Waterloo,� wrote Lucy Young Hawkins in her “History of Cedartown.� “The older people wept but were called stumbling blocks to progress.� Indeed, progress was a thing to celebrated, reported the Cedartown Standard, “With a street car line to facilitate travel, and the conveniences of good waterworks, Cedartown is now firmly started on the great highway of progress for which her patriotic citizenship has so long and fondly hoped.� &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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1934, Hawkins reported that it was “a goodly sight to look upon. The city administration have been wonderful to help us, a fine lot of men with open minds are they.� Over the next 55 years, the spring flowed through ever more lush trees, shrubs and flowers as the Garden Club’s plantings matured. By the 1960s, the town once again enjoyed picnics, family reunions, and the occasion tryst, along its banks. But unnatural forces weren’t done with the spring yet.

&RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH By the time the water was flowing into homes, the spring had been devastated. What was left was buried under piles of iron scrap and slag and the debris of a growing town. For the next nearly 30 years, the Big Spring was the town dump. It is not so today only because a handful of determined women willed it not so.

Resurrection In 1920 the women’s Cedar Valley Garden Club formed, and in 1930 the club set its mind to rescuing the Big Spring. They went to the City Council to announce their plan to clean up the spring and to ask for help in doing so. “Very shortly forces were in at work cleaning up,� wrote Hawkins, who chaired the garden club’s Big Spring committee. “Trash was hauled off; rocks were hauled back.� The women planted trees, shrubs and flowers and, with the help of city workers, built the rock fireplace, benches, and tables still there today. When the work was completed in

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A modern mess In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ordered the city to expand its water treatment facilities. The EPA dug ditches in the lawn beside the spring and filled the ditches with pipes three feet round and 20 feet long. The pipes were still exposed when they declared the project complete. The reaction of Cedartown residents was so severe, the agency covered the pipes with dirt and planted grass, restoring most but not all of the damage done to the beauty of the park.

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7KH %LJ 6SULQJ 3DUN +LVWRULF 'LVWULFW ZDV DGGHG WR WKH 1DWLRQDO 5HJLVWHU RI +LVWRULF 3ODFHV RQ 'HF Big Spring still produces about 5 million gallons of water a day, with about 2 million of that going to 10,000 homes in Cedartown. The remainder flows through the park and into Cedar Creek. In early 2015, the Cedartown City

Council announced plans to beautify the park and expand its uses. At the same time, there is hope that the proposed Silver Comet Trail connection between Cedartown and Cave Spring will touch on the park, making it more widely used and enjoyed.

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+RQRULQJ SDVW WDNHV &HGDUWRZQ LQWR IXWXUH CEDARTOWN %\ 75,&,$ &$0%521 Cedartown until the last RESIDENTS have always quarter of the 20th centu3DVW 7LPHV VWDII held the history of their ry. Listed on the National town dear, but like many Register in 1992, it is small towns in Georgia, the town has bounded by East Avenue and South not always respected the physical Philpot, Gibson, and College streets. reflections of that history. Indeed, in the The area includes 64 historically 1970s, residents witnessed and acquisignificant buildings in the Classical esced to the destruction of many of its Revival, Art Deco, and Italianate oldest and most significant structures, styles, which the National Register including the train depot, 100-year-old described as some of the most well churches, schoolhouses and homes. preserved, authentic, turn of the centuCedartown grew from a Cherokee ry architecture to be found in the state. settlement, disbanded in the 1830s by Until the advent of bypasses and the Indian Removal Act, to a thriving interstates, U.S. 27 channeled motortown fueled by wealth made in the ists through the center of Cedartown iron, textile and railroad industries. down Main Street. Even though the city was almost It was the era of vibrant “downcompletely destroyed in a fire set by towns� and from the 1890s through Union troops at the end of the Civil the last quarter of the 20th century, War, many of its architectural and cul- depending on the decade, Main Street tural achievements occurred after the bustled with dress and shoe stores, Civil War and well into the 20th century. coffee shops and restaurants, feed and The wealth of landowners and the hardware stores, blacksmiths and statop echelon of management at the bles, repair shops and grocery stores. mills and railroad translated into Several buildings in the Downtown neighborhoods of stately homes and a District are listed as separate landvibrant downtown with a streetscape marks on the National Register. The of impressive 1890-era buildings. National Register recognized the Following the flurry of demolition Hawkes Children’s Library after the in the last quarter of the 20th century, actual library moved to the new Cedartown not only began to recognize the Cedartown Civic Complex. value of its historic brick and mortar but Of particular architectural interest also foresaw architectural, cultural, and in the downtown district is the West natural landmarks would someday be a Theater. Built in 1941, it is still showboon to the town’s economic development. ing movies, although its original single The city has since pursued a dediscreen has been divided into two. It is cated course of preservation, beginning considered one of the best-preserved in 1980 with the listing of the 1920sArt Deco movie theaters in the area. era Hawkes Children’s Library on the The figures in relief on either side National Register of Historic Places. of the marquee — “music� on the left Since then the National Register has and “drama� on the right — were recognized four areas of the town — sculpted by prominent Georgia sculpDowntown; Big Spring, together with tor Julian Hoke Harris, whose work is the Waterworks and Women’s building; displayed on public buildings around and two neighborhoods, one in norththe southeast. Harris also designed west Cedartown and one bounded by President Jimmy Carter’s official inauSouth Philpot Street near downtown. gural medallion. While listing doesn’t guarantee that property in private hands will be preserved, Big Spring Park it does, through preservation grants, make The Big Spring-Waterworksit financially feasible for a small town Women’s Building District, listed in with limited resources like Cedartown to take historical preservation seriously. 2000, checks every box the National Register could devise. The Big Spring is the largest limeDowntown Historic District stone spring in the Southeast. The area The Cedartown Downtown Historic surrounding it was home to the District was the commercial heart of Cherokee until the 1830s when the

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1RUWKZHVW &HGDUWRZQ +LVWRULF 'LVWULFW LV URXJKO\ ERXQGHG E\ -XOH 3HHN $YHQXH 6SUXFH 6WUHHW :LVVDKLFNRQ $YHQXH DQG 0DUVKDOO 6WUHHW U.S. government constructed Fort Cedar Town, a holding area for the Cherokee who were then walked to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears as part of President Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal plan. The Waterworks was built in 1892 by Charles Adamson, owner of the Cedartown Cotton and Export Co., to pump some of the 4 million gallons pouring from the Big Spring daily into the homes of residents. It is famous for its engineering history as well as its Roman Revival-style architecture. The Women’s Building, home of the Cedar Valley Garden Club, is significant to women’s history and an example of Colonial Revival architecture and a masterly use of fieldstone in its construction.

Northwest Cedartown The Northwest Cedartown Historic District is significant for its landscape and architecture. The area is roughly bounded by Jule Peek Avenue, Spruce Street, Wissahickon Avenue and Marshall Street and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. It is a neighborhood of gracious single-family homes, mostly in 18th and 19th century Revival and Queen Anne styles, with wide front porches and gingerbread trims, gabled windows and second floor balconies. One of the oldest homes is the J.W. Barr home, the first house built on Walnut Street, which still remains con-

nected to the family of Billy Barr, who built many of the homes in the area. The neighborhood is also famously known for the canopy of oak trees that stretches along College and Cave Spring streets.

South Philpot Street The South Philpot Street Historic District may be the most interesting of the four districts. Roughly bounded by South Philpot Street between East Avenue, East Ware and Park streets, it is contiguous to the Downtown District and is directly adjacent to CSX/Central of Georgia railroad yard, now defunct but once a prime economic influence on the area. As can be seen from the houses still standing, the area was once a showplace for the homes of the most prominent people in Cedartown. The houses, even in the severely degraded shape they are in today, still evoke times when homes were as grand as great wealth would allow. If one looks past the boarded up windows and crumbling masonry, it is still possible to imagine the former grandeur of the homes. Today, the South Philpot Historic District, added to the National Register in 2011, has one of the highest poverty rates of any area in town. In 2010 it was designated an “enterprise zone� within the Cedartown Urban Redevelopment Area, which means development funds will be available. &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

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and local — which encourages restoration and entrepreneurship. The Downtown Cedartown Association also provides grants for facade restoration. The buildings have been painted in historically accurate color schemes to highlight the original details and trim. The result is a streetscape of harmonious colors and styles. The city recently added landscaping to the restoration, widening sidewalks, adding new brickwork, street furniture, trees, and small plazas and pocket parks.

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&OXEKRXVH MXVW RQH RI PDQ\ OHJDFLHV RI 5RFNPDUW :RPDQ·V &OXE In 1906, the Reading Club initially met in the home of Mrs. W.B. Everett. She was the group’s first president.

Mrs. R.B. Morgan was the president of the Rockmart Woman’s Club in 1913, the year it became an affiliate of the Georgia Federation of Women’s Clubs.

THE ROCKMART WOMAN’S and sought out donations so that by 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII CLUBHOUSE on the corner of February 1922 a total of $800 had College and North Marble streets been raised. By that time, they had was listed on the National Register of found a group of three available lots with Historic Places in 1995. one that faced North Marble Street. The 1922 building stands as a testament They discarded plans for the log cabin of community involvement. and hired W. Roy Reece as architect. He had It started in 1906, when a group of 13 assisted his father in building Rockmart City women organized the Reading Club, which Hall in 1921. became the Rockmart Woman’s Club — an The building was set on a foundation of affiliate of the Georgia Federation of native rock with a columned porch and furWomen’s Clubs — on June 16, 1913. nishings presented by O. T. Flournoy, presiThe club set a goal of cleaning up and beauti- dent of Southern States Cement Co. (later fying the community and awarded prizes to the Marquette Cement Manufacturing). members whose projects had the most impact. A grand opening of the 1,330-square-foot Over the years they were instrumental in clubhouse was held in September 1922. setting up perpetual care for Rose Hill However, the women continued for some Cemetery, installing paved sidewalks at the time to hold fundraisers — including high school and a rock fountain in the city bazaars, rummage sales, movies, staged park and establishing the local library. plays and civic club luncheons — to pay off Once they became an affiliate of the the $5,000 owed on the building project. GFWC, however, the ladies also went to Leonora F. Mintz was instrumental in getwork raising money for a permanent meeting ting the clubhouse added to the National place, a log cabin on Sciple Street. Register of Historic Places on June 20, 1995. They hosted silver teas, sold sandwiches A club members, educator and community

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7KH 5RFNPDUW :RPDQ¶V &OXE KDV NHSW LWV RULJLQDO FKDUDFWHU VLQFH LW ZDV HUHFWHG RQ 1RUWK 0DUEOH 6WUHHW LQ historian, Mintz wrote a number of articles about the history of the building. A Jan. 19, 2005, article in the Rockmart Journal details how ownership of the clubhouse was transferred to the city of Rockmart during the tenure of then Mayor Curtis Lewis. The Woman’s Club president was Sue Weaver and Lillian Sherman was the treasurer. Since that time, the grounds have been landscaped, the building painted and a wheelchair ramp added. Today, the local Kiwanis Club meets in the building and it may be rented for showers, weddings and other social events.

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P.O. Box 248 • 109 South King St. Calhoun, GA 30703-0248

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Typecast-MisCast Broadway Revue - Aug. 14-22 Roland Hayes Tribute Concert & Gala -Sept. 13&19 Dividing the Estate - Oct. 30 - Nov. 7 Festival of Trees - Nov. 2 - Dec. 6 www.harrisartcenter.com for Events

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+DZNHV &KLOGUHQ¡V /LEUDU\ OLYHV RQ DV PXVHXP FOR GENERATIONS %\ 75,&,$ &$0%521 of people who grew up 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII in Cedartown when the Hawkes Children’s Library was a library, few had any idea that “Hawkesâ€? referred to Georgia philanthropist Albert King Hawkes or that the building was designed by Neel Reid, a prominent Atlanta architect. What made the library so special then was not its historical pedigree, it was the shelves of books that went on forever and were yours for the asking. It was the dusky rooms with high ceilings and warm wood floors, the smell of old books mingled with new, and perhaps most remarkable of all, it was the quiet, the reverent and rarely violated quiet, that drew the reader in again and again. For Darice Winn Lewis, 67, time spent at the Hawkes Children’s Library is one of the fondest memories of her youth. “Back then we weren’t taught to read until the first grade and when I learned to read it was like an entire universe had opened to me,â€? she said. “I remember walking from our house on Martha Lane to the library; I remember the actual act of walking up those really big steps, that don’t seem so big now. I wanted to stay there forever. I wanted to live there. There was nothing I loved better than sitting in a corner in that library and reading books.â€? Winn says she also remembers the reverence with which the library was treated. “There wasn’t a lot of activity like you find in libraries now. You could hear a pin drop,â€? she said. “There was a feeling of respect that was really important. Everybody whispered if they said anything at all. I doubt I ever even talked when I was in there.â€? “I loved it. It was a refuge and yet it opened the universe to me,â€? she said. Albert King Hawkes was a transplanted southerner (he was born in Massachusetts but moved to Atlanta when he was 38) who made his fortune in optometry. He shared his wealth with colleges, libraries and other “causes of benefit to societyâ€? throughout Georgia during his life. When he died in 1916, he left bequests of $7,100 each to several cities in Georgia, including Cedartown, to build children’s libraries. World War I intervened before Cedartown could build its library, but according to an article in the Cedartown Standard from 1920, J.E. Purks and Charles Adamson kept interest alive and Hawkes’ seed money was enough to keep the ball rolling. Adamson’s Cotton and Export Co. donated the land on North College Street and the citizens of Cedartown put together another $30,000 through multiple fund-raising campaigns. Finally, architect Neel Reid completed his drawings, construction began, and the building opened on Sept. 12, 1921.

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7KH +DZNHV &KLOGUHQœV /LEUDU\ 6 &ROOHJH 6W RSHQHG RQ 6HSW Today the library still has its high ceilings and wood floors and the light is still respectfully muted. It doesn’t smell of new books so much as old papers and relics. Visitors can’t read their way through the complete Hans Christian Anderson fairy tales or the adventures of Nancy Drew anymore, but it’s still a place where one can explore and linger on artifacts of the past. Vignettes of different times in Cedartown’s history fill the nooks and crannies, and archives of everything from the fire that burned Cedartown to the ground during the Civil War to the history of the Cedartown High School Band are at your fingertips.

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In use today The Polk County Historical Museum is in the

7KH +DZNHV &KLOGUHQœV /LEUDU\ QRZ KRXVHV Hawkes Children’s Library at 205 S. College St., in WKH 3RON &RXQW\ +LVWRULFDO 0XVHXP Cedartown. It is open to the public every In 1974, the city built a civic complex downtown and the library was moved into a new building there. The Polk County Historical Society was formed the same year and the group immediately took on the task of converting the empty and bedraggled library into a museum. With the help of restoration grants from the state, the society opened the Museum of Polk County History in September 1978. In 1980, the building became the first structure in Polk County to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Wednesday from 1:30 to 4 p.m. and by appointment. The Polk County Historical Society meets in the museum at 7 p.m. on the last Tuesday of every month (except July, August, September and December). The meetings feature a different speaker or topic each month, ranging from Civil War music to a recent discussion of the history of Chubbtown. Membership is $15 a year. To join or for more information, call Gregory Gray at 770-748-5657 or go to staff@polkhistory. org.

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1REOH +LOO ILUVW 5RVHQZDOG 6FKRRO IRU EODFN FKLOGUHQ LQ 1 : *D IT ALL BEGAN with %\ 6+$.$ / &2%% assignments, third graders would read. philanthropist Julius 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII “The teacher would do Rosenwald and educator Booker T. Washington. one group at a time, and At the time, Rosenwald was presithe third graders actually helped with dent of Sears Roebuck. He sat on the the younger grades,� Coleman rememboard at Tuskegee University with bers. Washington and gave money to the Around 10 a.m. there would be a university for different programs. One milk break and at noon it was lunchyear he gave $50,000 and there was time. Dismissal was at 3 p.m. During money left over; Washington asked if Coleman’s time they had bus transporhe could use it to build some small tation. When her parents were stuschools for children in Alabama. dents they walked to school. Rosenwald permitted him to do so and If the weather was nice, students it worked out so well that Rosenwald ate outside. If not, they ate at their started matching money that was desks. raised. Once a month, a teacher came to Noble Hill, built in 1923 in teach music, arts and crafts. Cassville, was the first Rosenwald Coleman said the first stuSchool for black children in dent from Noble Hill passed Northwest Georgia. It operated until away two years ago, but there 1955 and was listed on the National are still at least 60 alive. Every Register of Historic Places in 1987. year, on Labor Day, they are Marion Coleman, curator of Noble invited back for “homecomHill, keeps the building open, giving ing.� The event is also open to tours and providing oral history of the the public. school. Pictures of the founders Noble Hill had close to 100 stuhang in a classroom and the dents in attendance according to school still contains two of the Coleman. It started off small, but had original chalkboards and some to consolidate two schools in the early of the original wooden floors. 1940s and ’50s. Army barracks were There also are pieces of later added, to house some of the stuhistory from Summer Hill dents. High School. Classes covered the first through “There were three schools seventh grades. The building consisted for blacks during segregation, of two main classrooms and a third Noble Hill, Bartow for extra activities. Elementary and Summer Hill,� In 1955, Noble Hill shut down and Coleman said. Bartow Elementary was built for black Susie Wheeler was an edustudents; today it is called Hamilton cator who attended Noble Hill Crossing Elementary. as a child through the seventh grade. She was instrumental in School days remembered getting it restored in 1989. Wheeler took on the task at Coleman, 69, attended Noble Hill the urging of Justice Robert for first through third grade. Her parBenham, a Bartow County ents and other family members also native and the first black perwent there, and her great-grandfather son to serve on the Supreme Court of was one of the school’s builders. Georgia. She died in 2007. She said a typical day started with Shortly after the restoration, the devotion, prayer and Bible verses school’s name was changed to Noble shortly after students arrived at 8 a.m. Hill-Wheeler Memorial Center. They would then be divided into The center is located at 2361 Joe groups. There were three rows of Frank Harris Parkway in Cassville. desks; first graders sat in the first row, Hours of operation are Tuesday second graders in the second and third through Saturday from 9 a.m. to 4 in the last row. There was work on the p.m. Admission is free, however donaboard for each group. While the first tions are accepted. For more informaand second graders were completing tion call 770-382-3392.

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Coleman, 69, attended Noble Hill for first through third grade. Her parents and other family members also went there, and her great-grandfather was one of the school’s builders. $ FDVH RI GRQDWHG YLQWDJH LWHPV $%29( LQFOXGHV D W\SHZULWHU FXUOLQJ LURQ UHHO WR UHHO UHFRUGHU DQG RWKHU LWHPV IURP WKH WLPH SHULRG WKH VFKRRO ZDV RSHQ 1REOH +LOO /()7 ZDV EXLOW LQ

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&RUUD +DUULV +RXVH XVHG IRU HGXFDWLRQ DUFKDHRORJ\ THE 19TH %\ &$'< 6&+8/0$1 Head said. “She decided it CENTURY HOME in was so beautiful that would 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Rydal where well-known call it ‘In the Valley.’� author Corra Harris lived Harris lived the rest of most of her life has always been impor- her life in her home in rural Bartow tant to the Hill family of Cartersville. County, writing more than 20 books — Matriarch Ludie Hill had always the most successful of which was “The admired the author of more than 20 Circuit Rider’s Wife� in 1910 — as well books. When her son, Jody Hill, disas articles for Ladies’ Home Journal, covered that poultry farmers were Harper’s, The Saturday Evening Post interested in purchasing the land with and the Atlanta Journal. She also travits crumbling buildings, he decided eled to Europe for work and became the that he’d buy the 50 acres that housed first female battlefield correspondent. Harris’ home, chapel and other build“(She) wrote pieces from her visit ings to honor the local literary figure to the front lines,� Head said. “(It) and his mother as well. was quite a breakthrough for women “I think it’s a great tribute to her,� said in the day, and that gained her a great Joe Head, Hill’s nephew. “He was influbit of attention.� enced by Grandmother Hill. That was a After Harris’ death in 1935, the wonderful way to give her some credit.� several hundred acres she owned fell The house was built in the midinto disarray. When poultry farmers 1800s by Chief Pine Log, who was later eyed it as a location for their chicken removed to a reservation in the west on farms, Hill purchased a small portion, the Trail of Tears. Harris purchased the which included Harris’ home and property after her husband, Lundy other buildings, in order to restore Harris, committed suicide, Head said. them. It took $1.5 million and 15 “She wanted to remain here so she years to get the buildings back into bought the property right after he died,� shape to be able to be used again.

“He made it a jewel in the Pine Log area for the older residents who remember Corra Harris,� Head said. “He took pride in it becoming open again for special occasions.� And, open it, he did. Hill also created the Corra Harris Garden Club, which met at the property to talk about its namesake, how the buildings and furniture were constructed and other relevant topics, Head said. The home also was the site of the club’s annual Christmas party. But, as Hill grew older and less able to care for the property, he looked for someone to take over the acreage. He eventually gifted it to Kennesaw State University for maintenance and preservation. Now, while the property is a destination for field trips, it is closed off to the public. But Head said there’s always a chance that, one day in the future, the public will once again be able to see the home where Harris lived. “I really am hopeful that times will improve and that Kennesaw will find a way to use it,� he said.

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Welcome To The Town of Leesburg, Alabama

Leesburg is located on the banks of Weiss Lake. It offers lots of recreational activities including ďŹ shing, camping, hiking and year round boat launching. Special Events Leesburg Day: 2nd Saturday in September For more information or booth rental contact Town Hall.

New Pavilions At The Ball Park

Upgraded Playset & Basketball Court

Edward Mackey, Mayor Jennifer Mackey, Town Clerk Council Members Frankie Brewster #1 Joe Sonaty #2 Brandy Pierce #3 Wayne Byram #4 Cody Adams #5

Police Department Lanny Ransum, Chief Brian Gilliland, Patrolman Chris Vaughn, Patrolman Jimmy DeBerry, Part Time

Maintenance Brian GrifďŹ th James Goodwin

Volunteer Fire Department Joe Sonaty, Chief

Asst. Town Clerk Chelsi Agan

Bathhouse and Pavilion at Landing Campground

P.O. BOX 1, 215 Industrial Blvd., Leesburg, Alabama 35983 • (256) 526-8890 • Fax: (256) 526-5990 • Email: leesburg@tds.net • www.leesburgal.com

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*ROG GRPHG FRXUWKRXVH LV %DUWRZ¡V WKLUG %\ %5$1'( WHILE THE 1903, gold-domed 328/127 courthouse is steeped 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII in history, it’s not Bartow County’s first governmental center. A series of events would lead to the construction of the county’s third courthouse at 115 W. Cherokee Ave. in Cartersville. The Neoclassical Revival style building designed by Kenneth McDonald & Co. and J. W. Golucke sits on a granite block foundation in the North Erwin Street Historic District, according to National Register of Historic Places documents. It has elaborate detail with a prominent pedimented front portico and pronounced cornice, rectangular windows with emphasized keystones, and an ornate cupola. Its arched entrances, paired columns, and open pediment rises in three stages to a ribbed gilded dome with clocks facing each direction. Marble for the lobby floor was brought from quarries in Tate, Georgia. The courthouse was constructed more than 30 years after the county seat moved to Cartersville, which at one point was the second-largest town in Bartow. The original county seat of the former Cass County, Cassville, was burned to the ground at the close of the Civil War. “Some of the records were put on a wagon and brought out, so a few of the records were saved. Most of the records were lost,â€? said Etowah Valley Historical Society Corresponding Secretary Mina Harper. Although Cassville is a small town now, Harper said, it once housed two colleges and was known as the cultural center of north Georgia. With the move to Cartersville, court and the county government’s administrative functions were first set up in the 1869 courthouse, which today houses the Bartow History Museum at 4 E. Church St. near the railroad track downtown. “There was very little money for reconstruction, so it was a big effort for people to donate money and to build the 1869 courthouse, but it only lasted 25 or so years,â€? Harper said. “The noise of the railroad track interfered with having court.â€?

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Entering the 20th century With one courtroom, the 1903 courthouse housed Bartow County offices and courts, including Bartow County Superior Court, until the Frank Moore Administration and Judicial Center was constructed in 1991. “At the time there were only a few judges in Bartow County,� Harper said. Georgia Supreme Court Justice Robert Benham, born in Cartersville in 1946, started his law career in that courthouse. Benham was the first black person to practice law in Cartersville, the first since Reconstruction to win a statewide election (to the state court of appeals) and the first to sit on the state’s high court. In 2012, the courthouse played host to filming for the movie, “Devil’s Knot,� which stars Reese Witherspoon and Colin Firth. “The reason they chose Cartersville courthouse was because of its authenticity,� Harper said. “‘Devil’s Knot’ is a true story that came out of a southern town and that town has a courthouse but their original courthouse — that would have looked like this one — was torn down, I suppose.� When not on the big screen, the building is home to government offic-

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(WRZDK 9DOOH\ +LVWRULFDO 6RFLHW\ &RUUHVSRQGLQJ 6HFUHWDU\ 0LQD +DUSHU SRLQWV WR D GLVSOD\ LQVLGH WKH %DUWRZ FRXUWKRXVH WKDW FRQWDLQV D GUDZLQJ GHSLFWLQJ WKH FRXQW\œV ILUVW FRXUWKRXVH LQ &DVVYLOOH ,W ZDV EXUQHG GXULQJ WKH &LYLO :DU es, including a district judicial administration office, the county coroner’s office, a district office for the 11th Congressional District representative and the Bartow County Environmental Coordination office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on Sept. 18, 1980. While the courthouse was stabilized in recent years, with work focused on

securing the structure and preventing deterioration, the interior was renovated years ago by Judge J.L. Davis’ wife, Eloine Grace “Jimmie� Greene Davis, mother of former Superior Court Judge Jefferson Davis Jr., Harper said. “She also redid the courtroom. It was painted and she stripped all of the paint off the beautiful wood,� Harper added.

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5RVHODZQ KRPH RI HYDQJHOLVW 6DP -RQHV IN THE HISTORIC In 1885, Sam Jones moved %\ 6+$.$ / &2%% DISTRICT of Cartersville sits a into the cottage. He is described 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII beautiful Victorian three-story as the Billy Graham of the 1800s estate. and his name was one of the Roselawn is a very fitting name, for at one most recognized in the United States. During point more than 225 rose bushes adorned the the 10 years he lived there, he lifted the origiyard, fence and walkway. nal cottage and built the house visible today There is even an original rose bush — underneath it. returned to the property after 80 years — that “It’s considered an architectural wonder in blooms today. itself because of that,� said Drew. Studies were done to trace where the roses On the main floor sits the parlor where were planted and try to recapture the past. Jones’ wife, Laura, would entertain guests. Today, all the roses are from the period when During that time period it wasn’t fashionable famed evangelist and lawyer Sam Jones lived for men and women to congregate together there with his family. so Jones and his male guests would sit in the “Our mission statement was to take every- library, directly across from the parlor. thing back to when the Jones family were Jones always had very important people at here,� said Jane Drew, director of Roselawn his house, such as governors, statesmen and Museum. other leading evangelists. He also was an The house started out in the 1860s as three advisor to presidents Theodore Roosevelt and rooms made of pine but evolved over the Grover Cleveland. Roselawn consist of 21 rooms and is close years into a three-story mansion as residents to 8,000 square feet between the three floors. added on to it, according to Drew. Originally It also includes a massive basement. the kitchen was separate from the house, which contained only bedrooms and a living &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH room.

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\HDU ROG &DUWHUVYLOOH FKXUFK LV D FRPPXQLW\ DQFKRU SAM JONES %\ &$'< 6&+8/0$1 pastor. “He never actualMEMORIAL United ly preached in the sanc3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Methodist Church at 100 tuary here.� W. Church St. in The building, Cartersville may be named for the designed by Georgia architect Walter most well-known Methodist evangeT. Downing, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in list, but the preacher never set foot in 1985 as an example of Classical the house of worship. Revival architecture. Construction on the original buildThe early 1900s church’s portico ing for the Methodist church located supported by four Corinthian columns in the center of downtown was comand the metal and stucco entablature pleted in 1907, one year after — decorative molding between the renowned evangelist and pastor Sam roof and the columns — are deemed Jones suddenly died. Officials chose significant. to name it in his memory. “This was never his church,� said &RQWLQXHG RQ SDJH Kevin Lobello, the church’s current

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&RQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Drew said the significance of Roselawn is mainly the architectural design of the home and the fact that a very well-known man who preached revivals lived there. “There was much change in the spiritual climate of the United States at that time,� she said. Jones was born in 1847 in Oak Bowery, Alabama. His mother died when he was a young boy and his father relocated to Cartersville and remarried. Jones was a brilliant man; he was an attorney prior to becoming an evangelist. He was taught by Rebecca Latimer Felton, a Cartersville educator, writer and reformer, who was, technically, the first woman U.S. senator. She recognized his intellectual abilities and the two ended up being life-long friends.

According to Drew, visitors of Roselawn are drawn to the spiritual aspect of the man. “They are very interested in him because he was so well known,� she said. He was a Methodist preacher. A few blocks from Roselawn sits Sam Jones Memorial United Methodist Church. The church was named in his honor after his death at the age of 59. Jones was returning home via train after preaching a four-week revival in Oklahoma when he suffered a heart attack. Jones preached all over the world. Drew tells this story of his time in Nashville: Tom Ryman was one of the wealthiest men in Nashville and owned all the bars, gambling boats and casinos. When Jones preached temperance and his story of how alcoholism almost destroyed his life, the movement shut down Ryman’s bars. Ryman thought there was a chance he’d be put out of business so he devised a plan to scatter hecklers throughout

Jones’ next tent revival. “They were going to cause a disturbance and try to run Sam Jones out of town before Ryman’s bars were run out of business,� Drew said. However, during the sermon Ryman had a change of heart. He told Jones afterward, “For what you have done for me tonight I promise you’ll never have to preach in a tent again.� So Ryman built the Union Gospel Tabernacle — later the home of the Grand Ole Opry. The venue’s name was later changed to the Ryman Auditorium, a National Register landmark itself. Roselawn is located at 224 W. Cherokee Ave, Cartersville. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Tours are given Tuesday through Thursday from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. then 1 to 5 p.m. Fridays, 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. Admission is $5 for adults and $2 for students. For more information call 770-387-5162.

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The church is built of beige brick with granite trim and rough-hewn granite blocks. The main floor contains a two-story sanctuary with its original pews, fluted Corinthian pilasters (columns projecting from the wall), original wainscoting, and a rounded-arch altar area. The original brass hardware remains, as does the original steam heat and electrical fixtures. The basement was excavated in 1933 and stained glass windows were added in 1945. Though it’s been more than 100 years since the church was built, Lobello said church officials have felt it important to keep it in its original location because that’s where the need for ministry is. “This is the heart of the community,� he said. “We want to be a part of the heart of the community.� Sam Jones didn’t set out to be in ministry. Lobello said the lawyer by trade was known as the town drunk but his father ended up turning his life around. On his deathbed, Jones’ father told his son that he was “wicked, wayward and reckless� and had broken the hearts of his family, including his wife. “It touched (Sam’s) heart,� Lobello said. “He promised he would give up drinking and change his life, and he did.� Jones gave his life to Christ in a Methodist church and decided that he wanted to go into the ministry as a

Cherokee County Historical Museum and Internet Cafe With a collection of thousands of County related artifacts, the Museum displays its items using descriptive interpretive exhibits about Cherokee County history. A walk through the museum is a walk thru time and an opportunity to learn about local heritage. Our resource areas are a great asset

Methodist preacher, but his wife was opposed. She told Jones he would have to go into the ministry without her, and Jones told her that God would remove every obstacle in his way. That night, his wife got gravely ill, Lobello said. “The next morning, she changed her mind and gave him his blessing,� Lobello said. As a pastor, Jones traveled all over the Southeast preaching at various churches. During a trip to Nashville, Tennessee, Tom Ryman converted to Christianity after hearing Jones preach. He was so impressed that he built a church for Jones to make his home in Tennessee. “The original Grand Ole Opry was built for Sam Jones to preach in, but he wanted to go home to Cartersville,� Lobello said. The building eventually became the city’s Ryman Auditorium. While Jones preached at various churches in the Cartersville area, his home church was Sam Jones Tabernacle, an open-air building in a rural area of Bartow County. And now, 108 years after its creation, officials at Sam Jones Memorial United Methodist Church are focused on overseas missions and ministering to the Cartersville community. “We’re trying to do our best to serve folks here with community outreach programs and community charities,� Lobello said. “There are very few outreach projects where you won’t find Sam Jones members.�

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