PLADS REVISED LAYOUT STRATEGY by Graphics One

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

FIRST EDITION

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS FIRST EDITION

TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP The Technical Working Group is composed of Landscape Architects and members of the academe who reviewed subjects related to the practice of landscape architecture in the Philippines.

EDITORIAL BOARD Efren Aurelio Beth Espino Cathe Nadal Jojo Navarro Paolo Alcazaren Ace Dimanlig Vic Dul-loog Rick Hilario Susan Aquino-Ong Nappy Navarro Paolo Alcazaren Cecilia Herras-Tence

MANAGING EDITOR Alexa Brillantes

ASSOCIATE EDITORS John Jay Amar Kathleen Lacsina

TECHNICAL GROUP Joey Balgos Glenn Bontigao Rodyn Flores Ferdinand Gutierrez, Jr. Herbert Jose Angelo Paulo Mogul Mariae Montero Sherwin Ramos Jose Luis Salazar Louis Balbino Santos Christine Talidong Cris Ugalino Michael Ang

PALA PPC HEAD Pamela S. Pagana

The Technical Working Group is composed of Landscape Architects and members of the academe who reviewed subjects related to the practice of landscape architecture in the Philippines.

PALA BOARD 2021 Efren Aurelio Beth Espino Cathe Nadal Jojo Navarro Paolo Alcazaren Ace Dimanlig Vic Dul-loog Rick Hilario Susan Aquino-Ong Nappy Navarro Paolo Alcazaren Cecilia Herras-Tence

contents

1.0

ABOUT THE BOOK 1.1 Introduction 01 1.2 Purpose 03 1.3 Project Management 06 1.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

2.0

PRACTICE 2.1 Introduction 01 2.2 Professional Practice 03 2.3 Project Management 06 2.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 2.1 Introduction 01 2.2 Professional Practice 03 2.3 Project Management 06 2.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

DESIGN 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

Design Considerations 01 Circulation & Accessibility 03 Landscape Site Planning 06 Landscape Design Typologies 09 Design Considerations 01 Circulation & Accessibility 03 Landscape Site Planning 06 Landscape Design Typologies 09 Design Considerations 01 Circulation & Accessibility 03 Landscape Site Planning 06 Landscape Design Typologies 09

PROCESS 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

Design Considerations 01 Circulation & Accessibility 03 Landscape Site Planning 06 Landscape Design Typologies 09 Circulation & Accessibility 03 Landscape Site Planning 06 Landscape Design Typologies 09 Landscape Design Typologies 09 Circulation & Accessibility 03 Landscape Site Planning 06 Landscape Design Typologies 09

5.0

MATERIALS 2.1 Introduction 01 2.2 Professional Practice 03 2.3 Project Management 06 2.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 2.1 Introduction 01 2.2 Professional Practice 03 2.3 Project Management 06 2.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

6.0

PLANTING 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9

7.0

DETAILS 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9

1.0

ABOUT THE BOOK

contents 1.0

ABOUT THE BOOK 1.1 Introduction 01 1.2 Purpose 03 1.3 Stakeholders 06 1.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

Introduction Development policies on our built environment in the Philippines aspire to deliver a quality of life in which the enjoyment of safe, nurturing and resilient spaces are conveniently accessible to the public. The need for this basic right to quality continues to expand, with more of our natural systems being modified and folded into the inventory of the built environment. With this, development controls such as the National Building Code (i.e. NBC, enacted as RA 6541) prescribe a unified dictum for many aspects of our built environment. Understandably, the scope and content of the NBC has traditionally and continues to be primarily on architecture and engineering (i.e. A+E), mainly covering the spaces within building envelopes, their immediate vicinity, and associated engineering infrastructure support systems. Given that the quality of spaces beyond building envelopes add both tangible and intangible value to projects by way of desirability and resilience, income, and engendering a sense of prideof-place, establishing a set of Philippine landscape architecture design standards reinforces development policies for the built environment and provides technical guidance and instruction for the landscape architecture profession and landscape construction industry.

The Philippine Landscape Architecture Design Standards (PLADS) is organized into six (6) chapters, all mutually reinforcing and defining the core concerns of landscape architecture practice in the country, as the accompanying chart illustrates. Each chapter provides useful governing standards as guidance for development and installed work.

CHAPTERS

PRACTICE

DESIGN

PROCESS

MATERIALS

PLANTING

DETAILS

Figure 1.1 Book Structure

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Purpose

The Philippine Landscape Architecture Design Standards (PLADS) offers a wholeof-site approach to prescribing a minimum acceptable level of development with how projects should be delivered on the ground to achieve a more balanced and better-scoped quality of the built environment . It is a useful resource for policymaking and offers definitive guidance to all development stakeholders within the context of practice in the Philippines. The content embodied in the PLADS ensures a minimum acceptable quality of development or installed work that meets the need for a safe, resilient and comfortable built environment accessible to the public. It ensures that the quality of both design and installed work meet their intended uses in the landscape, guaranteeing that these shall be adequate in their dimension, size and capacity; appropriate in their materials and construction; and durable as demonstrated by their resilience.

It should be noted that the PLADS is not meant to be an exhaustive all-inclusive resource for the full range and permutations of design solutions possible. Rather, it prescribes the minimum acceptable requirements for key areas of landscape design and construction. Specifically, this document does not attempt to : (a) Duplicate the wealth of technical design information already openly available in published landscape architecture and site planning design standards and manuals; (b) Interfere with nor supplant the proprietary standards of practices whose design deliverables already embody or exceed the content and quality of these minimum standards; (c) Claim to be the “Default Manual of Practice,” as landscape architects are encouraged to formulate and innovate their own Manuals of Practice aligned to their business processes; (d) Recommend on project-specific designs, as the prescriptive recommendations of the PLADS are not meant to be interpreted as project-specific solutions, and recognize that all projects must incorporate specific innovative variants and permutations of designs; (e) Restrict the design and construction of landscape items, systems, and assemblies that exceed the minimum prescription of these standards for project-specific needs, recognizing that more stringent requirements are deemed generally desirable and respected as part of practice prerogatives and project covenants.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

1.1 Stakeholders The PLADS is meant for use and reference by a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the landscape architecture and allied professions, in the landscape construction industry, and regulatory authorities. These include but are not limited to the following: (a) government authorities at the national level with regulatory powers over development (b) government authorities at the local level (e.g. provincial governments, Local Government Units)

(d) practices of landscape architecture-site planning (e) practices of allied architecture and engineering (A+E) (f) academic of learning programmes

institutions and centers offering degree-granting

(g) property developers (h) landscape and development contractors

Figure 1.2 A good partnership of stakeholders and landscape professional produces landscape that the public enjoy and experience.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

1.2 Interpretation

1.2.1 Measurement Units of measure as indicated throughout C the PLADS are in metric-based System International (SI).

300 O.C.

JOIST(38x25mm) ON FIRM CONCRE (FIXING WITH A DISTANCE OF 300 m ON CENTER)

140

300 O.C.

Reconciling Conflicts and Ambiguities

140

1.2.1

300 O.C.

140

D In the event of any inadvertent conflicts and ambiguities noted or cited within the PLADS A SEC , the more relevant stringent measure, parameter, condition or specification within PLAN this document shall govern. Should there Figure 1.3 Illustrative detail with measurements be a design issue that is not covered, a E more stringent measure or condition from a recognized set of standards shall apply, observing best practices. TYPICAL WOOD COMPOSITE DECKING DETAIL C:\USERS\JOHNA\ONEDRIVE\DESKTOP\AMAR LANDSCAPE DESIGN CO\2021\2021-02-AL JABAL RETREAT\05 - DD\KHOR FAKKAN_SHEETSET

1:10

1.3 Revisions and Companion Volumes F

The PLADS is a buildable document, allowing for incremental additions and periodic G updates as may be needed in response to changing conditions.

GEO-TEXTILE AS PER SPECIFICATIO

SUB GRADE AS PER SPECIFICATION

300 MIN.

The Philippine Association of Landscape Architects (PALA), in coordination with the Board of Landscape Architecture (BoLA), is H the responsible authority for the periodic updating, release and publication of succeeding revisions to this document , in whole or in part.

LOOSE LAID PLAY SAND (SCREENED BEACH SAND),

2/6/2021 5:28 PM

Where any part of the PLADS is deemed I necessary for revision without need for a TYPICAL SAND PIT AT PLAY AREA substantial revision of the entire document, 1 1:10 such a revision shall be covered by a datestamped, numbered Addendum containing the specific revision or revisions. The J Addendum shall be considered an integral part of the Standards. Future Companion Volumes on specific practice areas shall be issued and shall form an integral part of these Standards.

Figure 1.5 An earlier initiative by PALA and PRBOLA provided a significant resource for the design of hospitals and healthcare facilities.

NORTH

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS 1 2

ALL DRAWING SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALL OTHER ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES SPECIFICATIONS. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWINGS. ALL DIMENSIONS AND CONDITIONS MUST BE VERIFIED ON SITE AND ANY DISCREPANCIES SHALL BE BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF THE ENGINEER BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE PORTION OF WORK INVOLVED. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES (MM) UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. ALL LEVELS ARE IN METRES (M) UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE.

143

17 24

18 25

19 26

20 27

21 28

1.4 Related Legacy Documents The PLADS shall be read and understood together with a number of key related documents [eg. Republic Acts, PRC-BoLA Board Resolutions] that are part of the legacy of landscape architecture practice in the country, not necessarily limited to the following :

(f) landscape and development contractors practices of allied architecture and engineering (A+E) (g) site planning practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

(h) practices practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

(i) practices practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

(j) practices practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

Some terms below are shared definitions in one or several other chapters in these Standards.

(k) practices practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

Best Practice Fit-to-Purpose

(l) practices practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

(m) practices practices of allied engineering (A+E)

architecture

and

0.9.1 RA 6541 The National Building Code [NBC] 0.9.2 RA 9053 The Landscape Architecture Law of 2000

1.5 Definition of Terms

(a) design practices of landscape architecture-site planning

(b) practice practices of allied architecture and engineering (A+E) (c) academe academic institutions and centers of learning offering degree-granting programmes (d) academe academic institutions and centers of learning offering degree-granting programmes (e) property developers academic institutions and centers of learning offering degree-granting programmes PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

2.0 PRACTICE

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contents 2.0

PRACTICE 2.1 Introduction 01 2.2 Purpose 03 2.3 Stakeholders 06 2.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 2.5 Purpose 03 2.6 Stakeholders 06 2.7 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

TOPIC HIGHLIGHTS 2.2

Circulation & Accessibility

2.3

Landscape Site Planning

2.4

Landscape Design Typologies

PRACTICE

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

2 Introduction and Purpose

This chapter defines the proper practice of Landscape Architecture in the Philippines. A brief history of the profession in the country discusses how it came to be and provides context on the current roles and responsibilities expected of a registered and practicing landscape architect. Relevant laws and board resolutions from the Regulatory Board of Landscape Architecture are enumerated to explain the legalities involved in local professional practice. Interfaces with other professions are also discussed to define the landscape architect’s scope of work and limitations in any given design project. At the end of this chapter, the different capabilities of the profession are enumerated along with their general descriptions, scope, activities, and other pertinent information relating to these. This chapter is meant to act as a guide on the legal boundaries of Landscape Architectural practice in the Philippines. By establishing the scope of work and limitations of the practice, it serves as a reference on matters involving intercommunication and collaboration with other project stakeholders such as clients, fellow consultants, contractors, and the like. Furthermore, it aims to increase public awareness, education, and appreciation for the richness and importance of the profession.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

DESIGN

3.0

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contents 3.0

PRACTICE 3.1 Introduction 01 3.2 Purpose 03 3.3 Stakeholders 06 3.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 3.5 Purpose 03 3.6 Stakeholders 06 3.7 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

3 3 TOPIC HIGHLIGHTS 3.2

Circulation & Accessibility

3.3

Landscape Site Planning

3.4

Landscape Design Typologies

DESIGN

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

3 Introduction and Purpose This chapter provides an overview on the processes and stages involved in landscape architectural design and planning. The principles employed during the design process including development requirements and considerations will be addressed briefly. Landscape design context is highlighted to ensure suitability to the Philippine setting.

The purpose of this chapter is to prescribe basic and essential guidelines on landscape architectural design and planning in order to arrive at spaces that are functional, aesthetic, environmentally sustainable and culturally sensitive. The design process is complex in nature but this chapter will not go into its detailed technicalities.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

4.0

PROCESS

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

TOPIC HIGHLIGHTS 4.2

Circulation & Accessibility

4.3

Landscape Site Planning

4.4

Landscape Design Typologies

PROCESS

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contents 4.0

PRACTICE 4.1 Introduction 01 4.2 Purpose 03 4.3 Stakeholders 06 4.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 4.5 Purpose 03 4.6 Stakeholders 06 4.7 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

4 Introduction and Purpose Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

5.0

MATERIALS

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contents 5.0

MATERIALS 5.1 Introduction 01 5.2 Purpose 03 5.3 Stakeholders 06 5.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 5.5 Purpose 03 5.6 Stakeholders 06 5.7 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

TOPIC HIGHLIGHTS 5.2

Circulation & Accessibility

Landscape Site Planning

5.4

Landscape Design Typologies

MATERIALS

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

5 Introduction and Purpose Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

6.0

PLANTING

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contents 6.0

PLANTING 6.1 Introduction 01 6.2 Purpose 03 6.3 Stakeholders 06 6.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 6.5 Purpose 03 6.6 Stakeholders 06 6.7 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

TOPIC HIGHLIGHTS 5.2

Circulation & Accessibility

Landscape Site Planning

5.4

Landscape Design Typologies

PLANTING

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

6 Introduction and Purpose Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

6 Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

DETAILS

7.0

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contents 7.0

DETAILS 7.1 Introduction 01 7.2 Purpose 03 7.3 Stakeholders 06 7.4 Digital Technology in the Industry 09 7.5 Purpose 03 7.6 Stakeholders 06 7.7 Digital Technology in the Industry 09

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

TOPIC HIGHLIGHTS 7.2

Circulation & Accessibility

7.3

Landscape Site Planning

7.4

Landscape Design Typologies

DETAILS

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

7 Introduction and Purpose Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

7.1.1 Objectives This section provides requirements for horizontal and vertical hardscape surfaces used in landscape projects and an overview of commonly used materials, and basic criteria for selecting the appropriate material for each application.

7.1.2 Definition of Terms The terminologies used in Chapter 7 are listed and defined in the Glossary of Terms. While a term may be used in one section or another, the meaning provided in the Glossary of Terms will apply throughout this chapter. Understanding of a terminology’s definition is essential for the understanding of a particular provision; the term is italicized. This applies only to those terms that have a meaning that is unique to Chapter 7. In other words, the generally understood meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed in this chapter; therefore, it is essential that the codedefined meaning be known.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

7.2 HARDSCAPE This section provides requirements for horizontal and vertical hardscape surfaces used in landscape projects and an overview of commonly used materials, and basic criteria for selecting the appropriate material for each application.

7.2.1 Scope & Application This section describes some of the most commonly used materials in local landscape construction, with an in-depth description of each material covered in Chapter 4: Materials. Industry references and local code and government agency requirements have been provided as a guide to selecting the appropriate material according to purpose. Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirement Appropriate selected materials and finishes within landscape areas contribute to its functionality, longevity, and aesthetics. Materials selection should following characteristics:

consider

the

USAGE - Consider the intended use and activity of a space, and ensure that the materials are durable and suitable to their location. The porosity of the materials should match the intended drainage intent. Impermeable materials are best for surface drainage, while permeable materials are more suited for sub-surface drainage. Ideally, both types should comply with Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) guidelines; AESTHETICS - Materials should have an aesthetic appeal that adds value to the surrounding environment, giving it a distinct vernacular character relative to the project site;

SUSTAINABILITY - Materials should have minimal impact on the environment. Durability is an important consideration to minimize replacements and resource consumption. As much as possible, use locally sourced materials. Also, check for the material’s recycled content to ensure waste reduction; Solar Reflectance Index (or SRI) value limits its ability to reflect solar heat and porosity to minimize stormwater run-off reduction. Loose materials, cobbles, or split/cracked paving are uneven and may not be suitable for all conditions. If there is compelling conservation or historical reason to use uneven materials, alternative walking routes using flat materials should be provided. [Interpave; 2008] Where required, all hardscape materials used in landscaping works shall conform to the Standard Specifications of the Philippine Standard Council. As a minimum requirement, hardscape specifications shall be based on the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) specification for site development. Hardscape design should also consider requirements mandated by the National Building Code and Philippine Green Building Code, including any local government ordinance relating to Green Building policies. Voluntary compliance to Green Building Rating Systems such as LEED, BERDE, WELL, & GREEEN is also recommended. As per the Philippine Green Building Code, the maximum Percentage Site Occupancy (PSO) including Total Open Spaces with Lot (TOSL) with respect to the Total Lot Area (TLA), shall fall within the two types: Paved or Tiled Hardscape Areas (Impervious Surface Area/ ISA) Unpaved Areas within the lot (Unpaved Surface Area/ USA)

SAFETY - Check the texture of materials for surface regularity and slip/ skid resistance, and ensure that they meet relevant industry standards and allow for visual or tactile differentiation between distinct areas;

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Regarding the Open Space Utilization of hardscape/ softscape areas, all building occupancies will require a minimum of fifty percent (50%) of the required Unpaved Surface Area (USA) to be vegetated with adaptable indigenous species. Table 01

Figure 7.2 Ramp Detail Table 1.1.1 Green building policies by local government units (LGUs)

7.2.2 Paving Applications 7.2.2.1 Pedestrian & Vehicular • Typical Paving Materials • Precast Concrete Unit Paving • Asphalt/ Bituminous Surfacing • In Situ Concrete • Natural Stone Paving • Ceramic/ Porcelain Tiles • Modular Tiles/ Tactile Tiles • Permeable Paving (Porous Concrete, Grass Pavers, Gravel, etc.) • Architectural Wood/ Composite Timber 7.2.2.2 Pedestrian & Vehicular Sports & Safety Surfacing Synthetic Surfacing (EPDM, Artificial Turf) Asphalt Surfacing

Masonry Units Architectural Wood/ Composite Timber Architectural Cast Stone/ Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Special Applications Landscape Structures & Vertical Elements (e.g., Fencing, Gates, Railings, etc.) Landscape Metal Fabrication Aluminum Galvanized/ Stainless Steel Corten Steel Hardwood/ Composite Timber Site Furnishing & Artwork Landscape Metal Fabrication Aluminum Galvanized/ Stainless Steel Corten Steel Precast Concrete/ Fiberglass/ Plastics Architectural Cast Stone Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete UV-Resistant Plastic Ultra High-Performance Concrete

Permeable/ Recycled Material Surfacing Porous Concrete Recycled Plastic in Asphalt/ Concrete Figure 01

Figure 01

Insert image here

Insert image here Illustration 1.1.1 Sample photos of paving materials Wall Applications Cladding and Finishing Typical Wall Materials Decorative Cement Plaster Natural Stone Cladding

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample photos of wall materials Site Elements This chapter serves as a guide for the various elements typically included in landscape projects. It is intended to be used as a reference

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Table 1.1.1 Green building policies by local government units (LGUs)

Special Applications Landscape Structures & Vertical Elements (e.g., Fencing, Gates, Railings, etc.) Landscape Metal Fabrication Aluminum Galvanized/ Stainless Steel Corten Steel Hardwood/ Composite Timber Site Furnishing & Artwork Landscape Metal Fabrication Aluminum Galvanized/ Stainless Steel Corten Steel Precast Concrete/ Fiberglass/ Plastics Architectural Cast Stone Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete UV-Resistant Plastic Ultra High-Performance Concrete Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample photos of wall materials Site Elements

Permeable/ Recycled Material Surfacing Porous Concrete Recycled Plastic in Asphalt/ Concrete Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample photos of paving materials Wall Applications Cladding and Finishing Typical Wall Materials Decorative Cement Plaster Natural Stone Cladding

Masonry Units Architectural Wood/ Composite Timber Architectural Cast Stone/ Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete

This chapter serves as a guide for the various elements typically included in landscape projects. It is intended to be used as a reference for landscape architects and the allied fields for the proper selection of site elements based on the considerations indicated in this section. The guidelines presented have been ensured to align with the relevant international codes and industry standards, affirming the aspirations for a safe, resilient, and sustainable landscape design in the Philippine context.

General Scope & Application This chapter is divided into six sections: PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Pedestrian Walkways and Facilities Public Realm Elements Outdoor Furniture Elements Swimming Pools Water Features Landscape Lighting Signage and Wayfinding The Pedestrian Walkways and Facilities section covers the widths, grades, distancing standards, and streetscapes of thoroughfares. At the master planning level, landscape architects can collaborate with urban and regional planners and civil and traffic engineers to create safe, comfortable, and sustainable thoroughfare environments for pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The Public Realm Elements section covers site furniture typically used within public outdoor spaces such as traffic bollards, seating devices, bike racks, rubbish bins, artwork, etc. Whether bespoke or proprietary, this section discusses the proper selection of site furniture based on aesthetics, function, durability, safety, and scale. The third section provides details for outdoor furniture elements, which make up the typical elements in the public realm and interface elements between pedestrian and vehicular thoroughfares. This can vary broadly, as these can be bespoke or proprietary products available in the construction market. The reader can refer to this section and note the standards to ensure the durability of these elements in the outdoor context and ensure safety and ease of use in consideration with anthropometrics and ergonomics. Site elements can be further detailed upon collaboration with product designers and structural engineers. The last four sections, namely Swimming Pools, Water Features, Landscape Lighting, and Signage and Way-finding, are all considered specialist elements that require collaboration with allied professions. The Landscape Architect takes the lead in the design, while the engineers provide support for the technical aspects such as lighting, structure, mechanical systems, and plumbing design.

Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 957. (2009). https://hlurb.gov.ph/wp-content/ uploads/laws-and-issuances/IRRPD957.pdf Department of Labor and Employment. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. (1989). Bureau of Fire Protection. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 9514. (2009). National Council on Disability Affairs. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 344. (2008). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/ references/laws_codes_orders/bpb344 Department of Public Works and Highways. Implementing Rules and Regulations of the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096) - 2005 Revised Edition. (2005) CUGE. (February 2009). Research Technical Note: Steps in the Landscape. Slip Resistance. (2021). Skheme. https://www. skheme.com/faq/learn-more-about/slipresistance/ ASSURE, PALA, PIEP. (2019). Public Parks & Open Spaces: A Planning & Development Guide (PPOGS). The Alliance for Safe, Sustainable, & Resilient Environments (ASSURE) Inc. Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture by Charles W. Harris Nicholas T. Dines(2011–03-11). (2021). McGraw-Hill Education.

Typical Walkways For an outdoor walkway to be deemed satisfactory for pedestrian use, it must meet the following minimum criteria: Surface finish - Walkway must have a firm, stable, and slip-resistant surface (HSE, 2012). Hard constructed surfaces can fall under the slip resistance metric, which is based on DIN 51130 (R-Value Slipperiness) and DIN 51097 (ABC Slipperiness), where acceptable grade for outdoor-grade walkways is R-10 and above (DIN 51130), or Class C (DIN 51097). See the table below for detailed descriptions of the slip resistance measurements [Skheme 2021]. Table 01

Pedestrian Walkways & Facilities

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Insert image here Illustration 1.1.1 Grate Opening Detail Table 1.1.1 Recommended slip resistance requirements according to use. Clearances – New developments must observe the minimum width of 1.20 meters, clear of any obstructions (seating, bollards, etc.) along the path. Walkway widths can be 1.0 meter for old developments and tight curb ramps, subject to approval by the local planning official. The minimum vertical clearance required is 2.10 meters, free and clear of any obstructions such as shade elements and tree/ plant branches. In exceptional cases where walkways will be used for emergency vehicle access, adequate clearance must be considered in accordance with the local planning regulations. Running Slope – Walkways should not be steeper than 1:20 (5%). In special cases where this slope is impossible to attain, e.g., sidewalks beside steep roadways, walkways may be subject to classification as a ramp and appropriate landings and railings. etc., must be provided. This is subject to study and approval by the local building official. Cross slope – Walkways must be no steeper than 1:20 (5%) for hard surfaces or 1:10 (10%) in all other material surfaces. Walkways shall fall on one side following the intended direction of run-off drainage. Entry points to a sidewalk or walkway – Building entry points (doors, tunnels) and interconnected walkways separated by a gate, bollard rows, etc. - must have a minimum clear opening of 850mm to allow passage of one individual in a wheelchair. Surface Openings – openings must not allow passage of an object more than 25mm in diameter; elongated slots must be ideally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel. Expansion joints and grate openings should be no more than 12.50mm max. [BP344 IRR] Thresholds shall be kept at a minimum; whenever necessary, thresholds and sliding door tracks shall have a maximum height of 25mm and be preferably ramped [BP344 IRR].

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Illustration 1.1.1 Pavement Expansion Joint Ramps Where steps cannot be avoided, or slopes cannot be made less steep, ramps improve access for people using mobility aids or pushing delivery carts or strollers. Elements such as the steepness of the ramp, space for turning at landings, and handrail design are important features in a ramp’s safety and function [Rule 1060. OSHS; PD 9514 URR]. Surface finish - Walkways must have a firm, stable, and slip-resistant surface (HSE, 2012). Hard constructed surfaces can fall under the slip resistance metric, which is based on DIN 51130 (R-Value Slipperiness) and DIN 51097 (ABC Slipperiness), where acceptable grade for outdoor-grade walkways is R-12 and above (DIN 51130), or Class C (DIN 51097). See table XXXXXXX for detailed descriptions of the slip resistance measurements. Clear width - Minimum of 900 mm Running slope - Not steeper than 1:15 (6.7%) Landings Locations: At the top and bottom of the ramp, at abrupt changes in the direction of the ramp, and horizontal intervals not greater than 9m apart. Size: Minimum 1,670 mm x 1,670 mm. Landings on a straight ramp must be a minimum of 1,670 mm in length and at least the same width of the ramp. Cross slope: Maximum 1:50 (2%) Surface openings, including horizontal openings - Openings in a ramp or landings must not allow passage of an object more than 20 mm in diameter. Any elongated slots must be oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel. Figure 01

Figure 01 Insert image here Insert image here PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Illustration 1.1.1 Ramps and Vehicular Traffic

Illustration 1.1.1 Stair dimensions

Steps [Rule 1060. OSHS; PD 9514 URR] Stairs are not the recommended means of negotiating changes in level because they represent a barrier for many, particularly for people who use wheeled mobility aids. The barriers imposed by stairs go beyond the apparent physical restriction for wheelchair users, representing a psychological barrier for some and symbolizing exclusion and safety risk for others. As such, the use of stairs is not recommended as part of an exterior path of travel, but only as an alternate means of negotiating level changes where wheelchair access is already provided. The requirements for stairs are intended to improve safety and accessibility for all stair users, including people with disabilities. Stairs may not be an option for people using wheeled mobility aids. Still, they will be used by many people with different types of disabilities and all other facility users. In some instances, persons with disabilities (PWD) may prefer to climb a short set of stairs instead of using a long and circuitous ramp. The safety and usability of stairs will depend on critical technical requirements such as the dimension of each step, tactile walking surface indicators, and the appropriate design of handrails and guards. Tread Surface - Must be slip-resistant. Risers and Run Uniform in any one flight. <?> Rise dimensions (between successive treads) Must be between 125 mm to 180 mm. Riser configuration - Must have closed risers. Run dimensions (between successive steps) Must be between 280 mm to 355 mm. Nosing projection Maximum 38 mm, with no abrupt undersides High tonal contrast markings that extend the full tread width of each step.

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Illustration 1.1.1 Handrail Dimensions

Tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) Location: TWSIs must be provided at the top of all flights of stairs. Size: TWSIs must be at least 610 mm in depth and extend the entire width of the stair, starting from one tread depth from the leading edge of the top step. Profile: TWSIs must have their tactile elements raised above the adjacent ground surface. Tonal contrast: High tonal contrast must be used to differentiate the TWSIs from the adjacent ground surface. Handrails/ Guards [Rule 1060. OSHS; PD 9514 URR] Handrails are a key element in the usability and safety of ramps. They provide a secure handhold and are especially important for those with stamina issues or poor balance. They also provide an essential orientation cue. Horizontal extensions at the tops of ramps signal an upcoming change in level and offer stability before using it. Horizontal extensions at the base of ramps notify the user that they have reached the end and may guide users around a landing to the next segment of the ramp. The shape, mounting height, and continuity of the rail are key components for the usability of handrails. Handrails - Provide handrails on both sides of ramps, including at landings, and ensure they: Are continuously graspable along the entire length. Have a cross-section with an outside diameter of between 30 mm and 40 mm if they are circular. Non-circular shapes must have a graspable portion with a perimeter between 100 mm and 155 mm and a diameter, not more than

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

57 mm. Are between 865 mm and 965 mm high, measured vertically from the surface of the ramp and its landings. Terminate in a way that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create a hazard. Extend horizontally 300 mm, at minimum, beyond the top and bottom of the ramp. Have clearance of 50 mm, at minimum, from any wall to which they are attached. Will withstand the loading values obtained from the non-concurrent application of a concentrated load not less than 0.9 kN applied at any point and in any direction and a uniform load not less than 0.7 kN/meter applied in any direction to the handrail. Handrails that do not meet the requirements may be installed in addition to the required handrails. Provide intermediate handrails where a ramp is wider than 2,200 mm. These handrails must be continuous between landings, located so that there is no more than 1,650 mm between handrails and meet the requirements for handrails listed above. Walls or guards - Provide a wall or guard on both sides of a ramp. Where there is a guard: The top of the guard must not be less than 1,070 mm above the ramp surface (measured vertically). A guard and edge protection may be required if there is a gap between the guard and the ramp surface of more than 50 mm. Should be designed so that no element, attachment, or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above the ramp surface will facilitate climbing. Edge Protection - Use edge protection where no solid enclosure or solid guard is provided or where it does not extend within 50 mm of the finished ramp surface. Protection may be: A curb: Minimum 50 mm high, or Railings or other barriers: extending to within 50 mm of the finished ramp surface. Streetscape and Vehicular Thoroughfares General People use streets =, primarily for driving vehicles, but also for cycling and walking. The types of users and transportation determine the overall capacity of a street that it will

accommodate. Streets should be designed in such a way that balances the needs of all its users, ensuring accessibility, safety, comfort, and enjoyment. Guidance Basis and Applicable Codes Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 957. (2009). https://hlurb.gov.ph/wp-content/ uploads/laws-and-issuances/IRRPD957.pdf NACTO. (2011, April). Urban Bikeway Design Guide. www.nacto.org NACTO, Global Designing Cities Initiatives. (2016, October). Global Streets Design Guide. Island Press DPWH. DO 88 Series 2020: Prescribing Guidelines on the Design of Bicycle Facilities along National Roads. International Code Council. International Fire Code. (2012). Department of Public Works and Highways. Implementing Rules and Regulations of the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096) - 2005 Revised Edition. (2005) Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure. (2021). CPNI. https://www.cpni. gov.uk/ Sight Distance (obstruction removal) | Road Safety Toolkit. (2010). Road Safety Toolkit. http:// toolkit.irap.org/

Design Criteria and Minimum Requirements Adequate sight distance provides motorists sufficient time to identify and appropriately react to all elements on the road, including other users and hazards. Limited forward visibility can adversely affect safety and increase the risk of a collision by reducing reaction times and stopping distances. This is especially important in areas where pedestrians and cyclists are known to cross the road [Road Safety Toolkit 2010]. For Travel lanes, the recommended width for through lanes shared by cars, biped motorized vehicles, and occasional full-size transit vehicles, e.g., buses, is 3.0 m. Lanes that are 2.7m wide may be used in streets with speed limits of 30kph or lower. Through lanes for mixed traffic shared with trucks and buses should be 3.0m to 3.3m wide.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Curbside travel lanes may also be 3.3m wide. The remnant width should not be added to the lane. Minimizing turning speeds, especially at corners where drivers might encounter pedestrians, is essential to pedestrian safety. Turning speeds should be limited to <10kph.

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Illustration 1.1.1 Vehicular Travel Lanes

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Illustration 1.1.1 Minimum Vehicular Turning Radius

1.77 8.11 Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) 4.30 1.56 6.71 High Commercial Vehicles (HCV) 6.70 2.30 15.41 Multi-Axle Vehicles (MAV) 11.50 2.42 27.83 Two-Wheeler (TW) 1.97 0.74 1.46 Auto (3W) 3.20 1.30 4.16 Bus (B) 10.60 2.40 25.44

Figure 01 Table 01. Vehicular Dimensions Insert image here Figure 01 Illustration 1.1.1 Minimum Driving Visual Clearance

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Basic Metrics for Vehicles Bicycle/ Compact Sedan/ SUV/ Truck/ Golf Buggy

Illustration 1.1.1 Operational envelope for different user types and vehicles

Table 01 Vehicle Type Length (m) Width (m) Area (sqm) Standard Car (CS) 3.72 1.44 5.36 Big Car (CB) 4.58

Road Typologies Road Right-of-Way [Rule I. Section 1.C. PD 957 IRR] Major Road Collector Road Minor Road Motor Court Service Road Alley Fire Lanes [Appendix D. IFC 2012] Planting Strips and Sidewalks

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Figure 01

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Illustration 1.1.1 Sidewalks

Illustration 1.1.1 Roadside Table

Bicycle Lanes on National Roads [DPWH DO 88 Series 2020] -The desirable width for a two-directional separated bike lane is 3.0 m. In constrained conditions, an absolute minimum width of 2.44 m may be allowed

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Thoroughfare along drainage reserve

Bicycle Lanes at Roads Figure 01 Figure 01 Insert image here Insert image here Illustration 1.1.1 Road Grade (Slope) Illustration 1.1.1 Bicycle Lanes at Roads Table 01 Bicycle Lanes at Viaducts/ Bridges/ Underpass Bicycle Parking Facilities/ Amenities Emergency Vehicle Access Material Handling Equipment/ Vertical Lifts

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Table 1.1.1 Bicycle Parking Provision (do we need this? This is more for architects)

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Parking Illustration 1.1.1 Road Right-of-Way Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Public Right-of-Way Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Design for Pavement thickness

In a country heavily reliant on automobile transportation, providing sufficient parking is just as important as providing the streets that people drive to get from one point to the next. It is thereby necessary that all parking areas are designed in accordance with efficiency, safety, and demand. The Accessibility Standard for the Design of Public Spaces has requirements for both offstreet parking and on-street parking. Off-street parking includes open and covered lots intended for public use, such as a small parking lot for a doctor’s office or an underground parking garage at a shopping center. On-street parking consists of parking located on a public highway, street, avenue, parkway,

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

bridge, or other types of roads. Parking spaces should be located as close as possible to the accessible entry points of the facility they serve. Ideally, the entry points will be visible from the parking spaces with a direct route to each accessible entry point. Pedestrians should not have to cross behind parked cars or move along roadways. If the route to an entry point crosses a roadway, a pedestrian crossing signage should be visible to drivers and pedestrians and, where curbs are used, have appropriate curb ramps or depressed curbs. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Parking Layout Off-Street Parking Two types of accessible parking spaces are required; identified as ‘Type A’ and ‘Type B’ spaces. Type A spaces are wider spaces, primarily intended to accommodate a person who uses a vehicle equipped with a mechanical lift or wheelchair ramp. They incorporate space beside the parked vehicle to deploy the lift or ramp and must be marked as “Van Accessible.” Although Signs identify type A spaces as being “Van Accessible,” they can be used by anyone with a valid accessible parking permit. (verify local codes and terminologies) Type B spaces are standard parking spaces, primarily intended for people who use wheelchairs, canes, crutches, or walkers but don’t need the extra space for a lift or ramp. Type and Width Type A: Minimum 3,400 mm wide; identified with a “Van Accessible” sign, in addition to signage requirements under the Highway Traffic Act. (to verify local codes and terminology) Type B: Minimum 2,400 mm wide; identified with accessible parking signage required under the Highway Traffic Act. (to verify local codes and terminology) Surface - Consider a firm, stable, and slipresistant surface for accessible parking spaces and their access aisles. Loose material such as

gravel does not provide the necessary stability and is particularly difficult for people who use wheelchairs and other mobility aids. Slope - Consider the slope of accessible parking spaces and their access aisles. Slopes should be sufficient for proper drainage but never be steeper than 1:25 (4%). A slope no steeper than 1:50 (2%) is ideal. Wheel-stops - Where space is limited in such a way that the front or rear of a parked vehicle is immediately adjacent to a pedestrian walkway, consider incorporating wheel-stops to prevent vehicle overhangs which could reduce the width of the walkway. Access Aisles (to verify local codes and terminology) Access aisles provide the necessary space to allow people with disabilities to get in and out of their vehicles. Every accessible parking space must have an access aisle adjacent to the space. Shared access aisles - An access aisle may be shared by two accessible parking spaces. Access aisle width - Minimum 1,500 mm Access aisle length - Full length of the parking space. Access aisle surface markings - On hard surfaces such as asphalt or concrete, access aisles must be demarcated with high tonal contrast diagonal lines to discourage vehicles from parking on them. Note that markings are not required for softer surfaces. Surface - Consider surfaces that are firm, stable and slip-resistant. Slope - Consider the slope of accessible parking spaces and their access aisles. Slopes should be sufficient for proper drainage but never be steeper than 1:25 (4%). A slope no steeper than 1 in 50 (2%) is ideal. Curb ramps at access aisles - Curb ramps that are centered on access aisles provide a more logical and direct route to adjacent pedestrian walkways. On-street Parking Accessible on-street parking benefits the direct users and the businesses and facilities served by the parking. Adjacent traffic, curbs, sidewalks, street furniture, and space constraints are all

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

contributing factors in the challenge of designing appropriate accessible on-street parking. These accessible parking requirements provide minimum standards that meet the needs of a continuously growing population. If needed, organizations may exceed these minimum standards to address local needs appropriately.

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Concrete Curb and Gutter Detail

Precast Concrete Curb Figure 01

Access aisles - Consider placing access aisles at least 1500 mm wide next to accessible onstreet parking spaces to facilitate safe transfer for people who use mobility aids. Wider access aisles will better accommodate vans with mechanical lifts. Also, consider that the person using the mobility aid is the driver. Curb ramps - Consider a curb ramp to allow people who use mobility aids to move from the road to the adjacent sidewalk safely. Locate curb ramps so that people who use mobility aids do not have to travel along a roadway from the parked vehicle to the curb ramp. Pavement markings - Consider pavement markings to define vehicle parking spaces and any adjacent access aisles clearly. Pavement sign - Consider including a pavement sign with the International Symbol of Access (source?) which enhances the visibility of accessible parking spaces and discourages inappropriate use. Pavement markings should be at least 1.0m long and with high tonal contrast to the surface of the parking space. They should also be slip-resistant. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Parking Lot Dimensions Curbs and related interfaces [DPWH DO 62 Series 2013] Concrete Curb and Gutter

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Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Precast Concrete Curb Curb Ramps Curb ramps, also known as curb cuts, help people with disabilities safely and independently negotiate level changes on public sidewalks and other pedestrian routes. Where pedestrians are expected to cross a roadway or access a roadway to board a vehicle, a curb ramp or a depressed curb provides a smooth transition for people who use mobility aids. Tactile walking surface indicators are required to warn people with visual disabilities that they are entering a potentially hazardous area. Tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) at curb ramps consist of a band of material across the width of the curb ramp in a different texture and with high tonal contrast to the remainder of the curb ramp. TWSIs must be raised above the surface of the curb ramp, be detectable by a person using a long white cane, and be detectable underfoot. To be effective for people with low vision, tonal contrast between materials can be achieved by selecting materials with a difference of at least 70% in their light reflectance values (LRV). The choice between providing a curb ramp or a depressed curb at a level change or pedestrian crossing depends on site characteristics, volume of pedestrian traffic, and space availability. Clear width - Minimum 1,200 mm (exclusive of any flared sides) Running slope Elevation change less than 75 mm: No steeper than 1:8. (12.5%)

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Elevation change 75 mmto200 mm: No steeper than 1:10 (10%). Direction - Curb ramps along an exterior path of travel must align with the direction of travel Cross slope - Not steeper than 1:50. (2%) Flared side slope - Not steeper than 1:10. (10%) Tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) Location: Provide TWSIs at the bottom end of curb ramps used for pedestrian crossings. Size: At least 610 mm in depth Extend the full width of the curb ramp, set back 150 mm to 200 mm back from the curb edge. Profile: Tactile elements raised above the adjacent ground surface. Tonal Contrast: High tonal contrast to differentiate the TWSI from the adjacent ground surface. Note: Clear width of a walkway at the top of a curb ramp to be 1200 mm minimum to serve as a turning space, as per section 2.1.1 Sidewalks and Walkways. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Curb Ramp Details Raised Median Medians create a two-stage crossing for pedestrians, making it easier and safer to cross multiple lanes of traffic. They should be installed on streets where pedestrians have to cross three or more lanes or on streets where vehicle speeds make singlestage crossings unsafe. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Raised Median Detail

designers should use traffic calming devices as part of the new street design process. Should designers find that traffic speed or volume is excessive or high crash rates are recorded, traffic calming devices should be retrofitted into the problem streets. In both scenarios, design and implementation are an iterative process that requires monitoring and adjustment. Traffic calming devices should always consider the following: Vehicle speed - Controlled vehicle speed reduces the severity of potential vehicle-related crashes. In heavily populated urban areas, vehicle speed should be kept below 60 km/h (to verify) Exposure risk - Shorter crossing distances and priority at signals reduce pedestrian and bicycle exposure to the risk of a vehicle-related accident. Legibility and predictability – These allow street users to respond to their surroundings accurately and promptly. Traffic volume – Fewer vehicles equate to less negative impacts. Traffic calming must function at all times of the day, especially at night when traffic lessens, and vehicles tend to speed up. Traffic calming measures may be applied on a street-by-street basis or in an area-wide plan. Providing traffic calming measures for entire neighborhoods and districts is more comprehensive as it allows for better management of vehicle speed and volume throughout the whole area, rather than redirecting traffic to adjacent streets. Traffic calming measures are usually physical because of their proven effectiveness in reducing speed, cut-through volumes, or collisions. Education and enforcement measures are essential supplements to physical traffic calming measures but are ineffective on their own over the long term. Speed Tables Figure 01 Insert image here

Traffic Calming Devices Traffic calming can be either proactive or reactive. At locations where pedestrian safety is of particular concern, such as near schools,

Illustration 1.1.1 Speed Tables

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Speed Cushions Speed Humps Figure 01 Figure 01 Insert image here Insert image here Illustration 1.1.1 Speed Cushions Raised Crossings

Illustration 1.1.1 Speed Humps

Figure 01

Audio Tactile Paving / Rumble Strips

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Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Raised Crossings Raised Junctions Lateral Shift Chicanes Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Chicanes Choker

Illustration 1.1.1 Rumble Strips Hostile Vehicle Mitigation (HVM) barriers in the landscape are part of a security process to counter vehicle-related threats. They are typically designed to prevent vehicular access and pass a recognized vehicle impact test standard such as American ASTM F 2656, British PAS 68, and IWA 14-1. Typical HVM barriers include: Fixed Bollards/ Retractable Bollards/ Removable Bollards Road Blockers and Barriers

Figure 01 Figure 01 Insert image here Insert image here Illustration 1.1.1 Choker Illustration 1.1.1 Fixed Bollards and Road Blockers Center Island Narrowing Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Centre Island Narrowing

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Recreation. Pedestrian Seating Public Realm Elements Figure 01 Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes National Historic Institute. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 8491. (2002). www. officialgazette.gov.ph Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 957. (2009). https://hlurb.gov.ph/wp-content/ uploads/laws-and-issuances/IRRPD957.pdf Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan Preparation. Volume 2. Sectoral Analysis and Tools for Situational Analysis. 2014. h tt p s : // h l u r b . g ov. p h /s e r v i c e s / lo c a l government-unit/clup-guidebook/ Republic Act No. 7160. Local Government Code of 1991. Chapter II Section 17 Basic Services and Facilities. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1991/10/10/ republic-act-no-7160/ Sustainable Coastal Tourism Handbook for the Philippines. 2002. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations for Batas Pambansa Bilang 220. 2008. CUGE. (March 2009). Research Technical Note: Platform Levels in the Landscape. Department of Public Works and Highways. Department Order No. 28 Series of 2018. DPWH Standard Specification on Item 1722 - Fence and Railings. 19 Feb 2018. https://www.dpwh. gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/issuances/ DO_028_s2018.pdf Selecting Age-Appropriate Equipment | National Program for Playground Safety. (2021). National Program for Playground Safety. https://www. playgroundsafety.org/topics/topic/selectingage-appropriate-equipment Kidsafe WA. (2018). Play Safety. https://www. kidsafewa.com.au/play-safety/ U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. (1981). Public Playground Safety Handbook. https://www.cpsc.gov/ Fox & Associates, Inc. (2003). Bikeway and Trail Design Standards and Planning Guidelines. Federick County Department of Parks and

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Illustration 1.1.1 Pedestrian Seating with Backrest and Arm-rest

Light Canopy/ Shade Structures Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample Light Canopy Shade Structure Boardwalks and Timber Decks Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 boardwalks

Accessibility

via

raised

Gate and Fencing; Walls Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Welded Wire Fence Figure 02 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Hollow Block Fence

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Precast Concrete Fence

Playgrounds and Fitness Areas Playgrounds and Fitness Areas should consider the following: Age Brackets/ Type of Play: Children are all developmentally different in size and ability. One way to make playgrounds more enjoyable and safer for them is to consider the age range of the users and the types of play appropriate for that particular age bracket. Typical play equipment are designed for 2-5 years old, 6-12 years old, or a combination for the use of 2-12 years old. Fitness equipment are typically design for elderly or adult use. Safety – This includes fencing and surfacing Surfacing: To reduce the risk of injury due to falls, playground and fitness equipment should be located above a shock-absorbing or safety surface with a high Critical Height factor. Poured-in-place rubber and rubber mats are popular in their use as a safety surfacing in playgrounds. Critical Height test data should be requested from the manufacturer because of the wide variation among such products on the market. Surfacing and Fall Heights According to the US National Study of Public Playground Equipment and Surfacing, (cite) it is recommended to have limitations on playground equipment height and stricter standards for loose-fill surfaces (sand, pea gravel, crumb rubber, wood products) used with equipment above 2.75m, and unitary surfaces (rubber tile, poured-in-place) for equipment above 1.80m [NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PLAYGROUND SAFETY]. The Critical Height of a material is approximately the height below which a life-threatening head injury incurred from a fall would not be expected. The Critical Height factor is directly related to the depth of the material: the thicker

the material, the greater its shock-absorbency and its Critical Height factor. The proper material and depth of a safety surface is determined by installing a material at a depth at which the Fall Height of the playground equipment is less than the Critical Height of the safety surfacing. The Fall Height is the maximum height from which a child may potentially fall from a particular piece of play equipment. Table 01 Insert table here

Table 1.1.1 Minimum compressed loose-fill surfacing depths.

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Installation layers for loose-fill over a hard surface

Playground surfacing should ideally comply with ASTM standards for playgrounds. Fencing Playground fencing may help contain children within the confines of the play area, prevent them from running out into a hazardous place, and keep potential threats such as animals and undesired traffic out. While it is not required that playgrounds be fenced, playgrounds that do have fences should follow guidelines and design requirements for playground safety based on local government codes and ASTM standards. The fence height is recommended to be 1.20m to 1.8m in height; composed of materials that are less likely to be climbed by children, and have self-closing hinges at the gate with at least a 12mm gap to avoid finger crushing hazards (Kidsafe WA). Shading Requirements

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Shading provision at playgrounds is highly recommended due to the following: As the sun is at its peak intensity at noon, playgrounds with limited or no shade and high levels of direct sun can become too uncomfortable for use. Playground usage at this time of day can expose children to sunburn and other shortterm effects of sun exposure such as heat stroke. [NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PLAYGROUND SAFETY]. Play Equipment should comply to ASTM F148721 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use. Equipment should be anchored to the ground.

Illustration 1.1.1 Accessibility for play structures Recreational Sports Facilities (Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture) Minimum Design Standards Safety and Security Accessibility Requirements Parking Mainainance and Operations Track and Field Figure 01 Insert image here

Figure 01

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Running Track Details

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Field Sports

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample safety zone dimensions for swings Figure 01

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Table 1.1.1 Typical Dimensions and minimum requirements for Field Sports

Insert image here Typical Court Games Illustration 1.1.1 Sample safety zone for rocker or springer play equipment

Figure 01 Insert table here

Figure 01 Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Dimensions and minimum requirements for Court Games

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Illustration 1.1.1 Sample slide details

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Illustration 1.1.1 Sample of Playset with different activities and safety zones Figure 01 Insert image here

Outdoor Trails Minimum Design Requirements Trails should have a clear width of 1.80m (minimum of 1.20m) to allow for two persons walking side by side.. Outdoor trails accommodating PWD access should have a minimum width of 2.10m with a maximum slope of 8%. The cross slope should be between 2 to5% to provide surface water drainage. A low edge protection with a minimum height

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

of 150mm is recommended to protect trail users from adjacent steep slopes or similar hazards. For bridges and boardwalks, standard railing heights are required. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Hiking Trail Clearances Adjacent vegetation should not overhang the path at a height of less than 2.25m (Time Saver Standards for Landscape Architects). – citation format Trail surface material and thickness shall be based on site-specific conditions. Surface material on the traveled part of the trail can be asphalt, concrete, stone dust, crushed rock, dirt, or grass (Frederick County Parklands). – citation format Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Asphalt Paving Section Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Concrete Paving Section Figure 01

certain areas; funding decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis. Perimeter fencing will provide necessary protection for both dogs and park users. • The standard fence shall be 1.50m in height Footings shall be buried at a depth of 300mm. Fence panels shall be buried at a depth of 150mm at all locations except at access points. Double gates shall be provided at access points for security. The dog park should be equipped with a standard hose-bib for maintenance purposes. Planting beds outside the perimeter fence should be considered to help screen the dog park from other users and reduce run-off from the dog park area. Site Furniture Movable Planters/ Pots – <insert description> Trash Bins Garbage bins and receptacles shall be provided with protection against pest and vermin entry {PD 1096). (citation format) Smart Furniture – <insert description> Flagpoles Flagpoles must not be of equal height or higher than the Independence Flagpole at Rizal Park, Manila (45.72m). Flagpoles that are planted in the ground must be straight and slightly tapered at the top. The minimum length of the National Flag is onefourth the height of the flagpole, while the maximum length is one-third the height of the flagpole. [Sec.16 BP 8491 IRR] The acceptable height for flagpoles ranges between 6.0m to 30.0m.[Sec.16 BP 8491 IRR] Materials typically used for flagpole tubes are aluminum, stainless steel, or fiberglass/ GFP.

Insert image here Figure 01 Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Stone Dust Section Dog Parks Minimum Design Requirements The preferred dog park surface is loose gravel or fill material. All necessary drainage systems shall be installed prior to the installation of surfacing material. Alternative surfaces may be considered for

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Illustration 1.1.1 Typical Flagpole Detail

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Swimming Pools General This section covers the requirements for inground or above ground public swimming pools. Inspection and compliance of swimming pools shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines, including standards and systems that ensure water quality for swimming pools. International guidelines, best practices, and regulations have also been cited in this section. In case of conflict between international and local references, local regulations shall prevail. Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes Department of Health. Implementing Rules and Regulations of Code on Sanitation of the Philippines Chapter 8: Public Swimming or Bathing Places PD 856.(1998). https://doh.gov. ph/node/5731 World Health Organization & World Health Organization. (2006). Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments: Swimming pools and similar environments. World Health Organization. Safety Barrier Guidelines for Residential Pools. (2012). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. ASTM F 1908-08 Standard Guide for Fences for Residential Outdoor Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, and Spas. National Plumbing Code of the Philippines Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirements Depth Requirements (to verify according to local codes) Standard swimming pool shall have a minimum depth of 3 ft./ 0.91m. and a maximum depth of 3.5 ft./ 1.07m. Special purpose pools and children’s pools are excluded from this requirement. The bottom of a swimming pool with a depth of less than 5 ft./ 1.5m. shall have a uniform slope of not more than 1:12. In portions where the swimming pool’s depth exceeds 5 ft./ 1.5m., the slope shall not exceed 1:3. The depth of water must be plainly marked at or above the water surface. The water depth at the deepest point shall be conspicuously

marked on both sides. Markings shall show depths in 0.3m increments. Abrupt changes in depth should be avoided, especially in shallow areas. Changes in depth should be identified by use of color-contrasting materials. Pool Design and Construction Structural Requirements, pool finishes, Overflow Gutters, filtration systems, skimmers, inlets, outlets, and recirculation systems must be in accordance with the Philippine Sanitation Code. All piping materials to be used shall be corrosion resistant and be made from steel, bronze, plastic, or other non-ferrous materials, as approved.

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Components

Typical

Swimming

Pool

User Loading The maximum bathing capacity of swimming pools shall be posted conspicuously. The capacity of the swimming pool should be 5-10% of the total potential population served by the establishment. The total number of bathers using a swimming pool shall not exceed 1 person per 2 cu.m of water. At the expected time of maximum load, 0.9sqm of surface pool water must be provided for each non-swimmer, while 2.2sqm. must be provided for each swimmer. Additional allowance shall be provided for pools with extensive deck areas used for lounging or sunbathing. Swimming Pool Typologies Lap Pool – <insert description> Diving Pool – <insert description> Lounge Pool – <insert description> Kids Pool/ Splash Pad – <insert description> Wading pools or facilities for children are recommended to be located separately. – <insert description>

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Water Play – <insert description> Safety for Public Swimming Pools (reference?) Lifeguards All swimming pools operating for unorganized use with an area of more than 200sqm. of water surface area shall be provided with an elevated lifeguard platform or chair. For pools with 370sqm. or more of water surface area, additional elevated chairs/ stations should be provided. These elevated chairs or platforms should have a clear unobstructed view of the pool bottom Lifesaving Equipment Every swimming pool shall be equipped with one unit of lifesaving equipment. One unit shall be required for every 200sqm of water surface and an additional unit to be provided for every 200sqm of water surface. Lifesaving equipment shall include light strong poles for reaching rescued persons, ring buoys, and ropes. Designated Room for Emergency Care Every swimming pool shall be equipped with a standard 24-unit first aid kit, stretcher, and woolen blankets for emergency use only. Fencing While not mandatory, the use of isolation fencing is recommended when the swimming pool is not supervised by a lifeguard to prevent unauthorized access that could lead to accidents. The fence should be at least 1.2m high with a child-proof, self-closing, self-latching gate that opens from the pool side. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Pool Safety Equipment Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Pool Safety Signage Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Swimming Pool Safety Barriers (Prevention of child going over pool barrier) Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Swimming Pool Safety Barriers (Prevention of child going under pool barrier) Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Swimming Pool Safety Barriers (Prevention of child going through pool barrier) Components Pool Deck A continuous deck at least 1.5m wide shall extend completely around the swimming pool and shall slope away from the pool at 1:50. All walking areas meant for barefoot users shall be constructed of non-slip material and be cleared of any tripping hazards and sharp edges or projections. Pre-Swim Showers and Footbaths - <insert description> Pool Walls Side and end walls should have a minimum vertical height of 1m. (to resolve) Underwater Lighting Underwater lighting for swimming pools must comply with the Philippine Electric Code. Pool lighting must be equipped with an automatic timer with a manual override. Pool Steps, Pool Handrails & Ladders Steps or ladders shall be provided at the shallow end of the swimming pool if the vertical distance from the pool deck to the bottom of the pool is more than 600mm. Recessed steps or ladders shall be provided at the deep end of the pool. If the pool is more than 9m wide, such steps or ladders shall be installed on each side. Steps shall be non-slip and have a maximum tread of 300mm and a maximum rise of 254mm. There shall be no abrupt drop-off or submerged projection into the pool unless guarded by a handrail.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Pool ladders shall be corrosion-resistant and equipped with non-slip treads. They shall be designed to provide a handhold and shall be rigidly installed. There shall be a clearance of 130mm to 800mm between the ladder and the pool wall. Step holes shall have a minimum tread of 130mm and a minimum width of 360mm. There shall be a handrail at the top of both sides, extending over the coping or edge of the deck. Pool surrounds and edges shall be of a contrasting color; steps, step holes, and treads shall be marked by a contrasting color. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample swimming pool grab rail detail

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample swimming pool grab bar detail Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample swimming pool step ladder detail Water Features General Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes Fountain People, Inc. (1999). Fountain Design Guide. Electrical Code of the Philippines National Plumbing Code of the Philippines Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirements As a minimum requirement, water feature design shall be based on the Electrical Code and Plumbing Code of the Philippines. Fountain basins should have a mininimum depth of 300mm and a maximum depth of 457mm. Basins less than 300mm deep will typically

require a special inlet and outlet fittings, while basins deeper than 457mm will be subject to swimming pool requirements. The nozzle spray height should not exceed the distance from the nozzle or water element to the nearest pool wall, wherein the splash radius for most water features does not typically exceed the spray height. Windspeed should also be considered; if necessary, a wind control system should be installed. The minimum freeboard height of any fountain basin containing a nozzle or receiving a waterfall should be 150mm. Reflecting pools with no nozzle or wave producing elements should have a minimum freeboard height of 75mm. Corrosive materials such as steel or aluminum in fountain basins or electro-mechanical systems should be avoided. Stainless steel, bronze, brass, copper or fiberglass within the fountain basins and plumbing systems are recommended for use. Pumps, piping, and filtration systems should be selected based on water volume, maintenance requirements, and any water restrictions which may apply to the installation. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample water feature schematic Water Feature Typologies Reflecting Pools -<insert description> Water Channels -<insert description> Cascading Water Features -<insert description> Fountains -<insert description> Koi and Fish ponds -<insert description> Aquatic/ Water Gardens -<insert description> Lighting Underwater lighting for water features should comply with the Philippine Electric Code. Underwater lights can be either freestanding or niche-mounted . Freestanding fixtures stand free of any attachment , while niche-mounted fixtures are installed into a forming shell cast into the floor or wall of the water feature. Figure 01 Insert image here

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Illustration 1.1.1 Water feature lighting detail (mounted or recessed) Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Water feature lighting detail (free-standing) Landscape Lighting General Landscape lighting is the use of outdoor landscape illumination for the purpose of aesthetics, visibility, safety, and security. , Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes US Department of Energy. (2010). Exterior Lighting Guide for Federal Agencies. Retrieved from https://cltc.ucdavis.edu/sites/default/ files/files/publication/2010_DOE_FEMP_ Exterior_Lighting_Guide.pdf Landscape Lighting Design Tips - Landscaping Network. (n.d.). www.Landscapingnetwork. Com. https://www.landscapingnetwork.com/ landscape-lighting/design.html Baldwin, E. (n.d.). An Architect’s Guide To: Outdoor Lighting. www.Architizer.Com. https:// architizer.com/blog/product-guides/productguide/outdoor-lighting/ BoscoLighting Pty Ltd. (2017, November 21). Understanding IP ratings in LED lighting products. Architecture & Design. https://www. architectureanddesign.com.au/suppliers/ boscolighting-pty-ltd/understanding-ipratings-in-led-lighting-products Hoey, F. (2019, February 17). What IP Rating do I Need for Outdoor Lights? (And Why it Matters). Moonlight Design. https://www. moonlightdesign.co.uk/blog/what-ip-ratingdo-i-need-for-outdoor-lights-a-guide-to-thebasics/ Moyer, J. L. (2013). The Landscape Lighting Book (3rd ed.) [E-book]. Wiley. https://archive.org/ details/landscapelightin00moye Illuminating Engineering Society. (2011). The Lighting Handbook 10th Edition. Harris, C. W. (2017). Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill. Philippine Building Code

Fire Code of the Philippines Electrical Code of the Philippines Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirement Purpose Aesthetics – To provide visual interest and create an appealing atmosphere at night. Visibility – To increase nighttime functionality of spaces, as well as assist in wayfinding, particularly at building or site entryways, pathways, and landmarks Safety and security - To discourage unlawful activity and enhance surveillance of the area Power (Architizer) - citation Low Voltage Line Voltage Solar Powered Light Pollution and Glare (IDA Outdoor Lighting Code Handbook Ver. 1.14 2000) Excessive or ill-designed outdoor lighting can result in glare, light trespass, energy wastage, and sky glow; all of which have serious consequences on public health, safety, and welfare. These negative effects can be effectively controlled or eliminated if careful thought and consideration is put into the use, design, and installation requirements of outdoor lights. IP Ratings (Bosco Lighting) (Architizer) - citation Fixtures can either be wet-rated (designed for use anywhere that is exposed to wind and rain) or damp-rated (designed for use in areas not directly exposed to rain or moisture). IP44/ IP54 Rating or Higher for Path Lights, Up lights, and Tree Lights; IP65 Rating or Higher for Deck and Patios; IP65 Rating or Higher for Ponds, Water Features, or Swimming Pools; Table 01 Insert table here

Table 1.1.1 IP Rating of landscape lights and application Applications Hardscape & Softscape Lighting (US Department of Energy, 2010) A focal point should be selected to highlight the

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

landscape (e.g. structure, water, or plant) and the corresponding material characteristic. An appropriate luminaire with the desired material characteristic should be chosen. IES (?)recommended practices or other reputable lighting guides should be used as reference to determine appropriate spacing for each point of interest. Illumination Levels Illumination levels should be according to IES recommendations and comply with the Philippine National Building Code and Fire Code where applicable (e.g., at means of ingress/ egress and places of assembly). A constant level of lighting should be provided, avoiding bright spots and shadows. Glare and light spill should be limited or controlled as much as possible Basic Lighting Strategies Downlighting- Used to illuminate and draw attention to the featured area below. Up lighting- Used to emphasize contrasting shadows by aiming the light upwards into a tree or an architectural feature Cross Lighting – Used to eliminate shadows by lighting a focal point on opposite sides. Landscape Lighting Fixtures (Architizer) Task Lighting - <insert description> Pathway Lights Ambient Lighting- <insert description> Accent Lighting- <insert description> Typologies Spotlights/ Floodlights - <insert description> In-ground Lights - <insert description> Outdoor Post Lights - <insert description> Path Lights - <insert description> Landscape Accent Lights - <insert description>

Illustration 1.1.1 Placement of landscape light fixtures

Signage & Wayfinding for Parks/ Open Spaces General Signage is effective for place identification, placemaking, and wayfinding (ACT 2019). An effective signage system performs multiple functions by providing various kinds of information. They can be used to provide directions, , communicate rules and regulations, encourage learning experiences, and help maintain the image of a place Signage can also communicate specific needs, target certain areas, and provide a sense of place (PPS 2008) -citation format. Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes ACT Government. (2019, April). Signage for Urban Parks & Open Spaces. https://www. cityservices.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0006/1378536/MIS22-Signage-for-UrbanParks-and-Open-Space.pdf National Council on Disability Affairs. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 344.(2008). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/ references/laws_codes_orders/bpb344 DPWH. (2008). NBCDO Circular No. 01 Series 2008 https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/files/ NBCDO%20MC/08-NBCDO%20MC/NBCDO%20 MC_01_s2008.pdf Creating Park Signage. (2008, December). Project for Public Spaces. https://www.pps.org/article/ signage USSC Foundation. (2002). Real World On-premise Sign Visibility. https://usscfoundation.org/ research-library/ USSC Foundation. (2006). On-premise Signs. https://usscfoundation.org/research-library/

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Different types of landscape light fixtures Figure 01 Insert image here

Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirement Function (ACT 2019) Directional- Used to guide users of a place to specific destinations, attractions, facilities, and PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

amenities. Informational- Used to increase the user’s appreciation of the site, minimize management issues, and maximize safety; can include maps, notices, informative or interpretive signs, and regulatory, safety, or advisory signs. Identification- Used to identify entrances to parks and open spaces. Visibility Directional and informational signs should be located at points conveniently seen even by a person on a wheelchair. The text on sign boards shall be of a dimension that people with less than normal visual acuity can read at a certain distance (BP344 IRR). Tactile signages should have a minimum height of1.40m and maximum height of 1.60m (BP344 IRR). Location (ACT Government) -Australia? Signs should be placed where there is a clear view of them from a distance. They should be generally placed before and on the left-hand side of decision points, paths, and features. Signage Lighting - <description> Graphic Identity of Signage Reading Distances Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Text size with regards to reading distance Typeface Clean, crisp, and easy to read type styles should be used for maximum legibility. Using two different fonts in a single design should be avoided. Color and Contrast Signs should be kept simple and easy to understand. They should be made of contrasting colors and gray values to make detection and reading easy (BP344 IRR). Symbols (BP344 IRR) The International Symbol of Access shall be placed where accessibility and facilities for disabled persons are provided for. The following internationally specified shapes

should be followed for various signage: Rectangular for information signs; triangular for warning signs; and circular for interdiction/ stop signs.

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Recommended size of typical symbols used for signage relative to its usage Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample directional sign for pedestrian suitable for PWD Tactile/ Sensory (BP344 IRR). Letters and symbols shall either be raised at least 1mm from the background or engraved so that persons with visual impairments can read the information with their fingertips. Tactile blocks should be provided in the immediate vicinity of crossings as an aid to the blind. It should be raised high enough to be felt by the sole of the shoe but low enough so as not to become a tripping hazard or impediment for wheelchair users. Brushed or grooved concrete tactile strips have not been proven to be successful and are not recommended for use. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample of an identification sign Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample of a directional sign Figure 01 Insert image here

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample of a mp and information sign with pictograms

This section provides guidelines on general construction practices when handling softscape materials in a typical landscape development.. As part of creating a new designed environment, softscape materials need to be brought into the construction site; therefore, the main intent of these guidelines is to help plants properly establish and acclimate to their new surroundings in order to arrive at optimum health.

Building Code (PD 1096); Greenery provisions on the ground plane of urban developments can vary greatly in scope and complexity, from a simple planting design to a complex integration of softscape. hardscape, and water. This also translates into the vertical greenery provisions for building developments, such as sustainable green roof systems and green façade systems, which, in some instances, shall require the specialty services of allied professionals; Special development typologies like parks, zoos, cemeteries, nature reserves, eco-corridors, riverine, coastal, marshlands, wetlands landscapes, shall also require different scopes and applications of greenery; Protected and secured sites shall also entail a more creative way of integrating softscape without compromising or supplementing any required security controls and restrictions; On-slab Softscape General These specifications prescribe the basic requirements and considerations for on-slab softscape installation, including rooftop or podium landscapes, green roofs, and other similar structures. . These specifications are intended to ensure quality implementation of on-slab softscape design It is advised to have these specifications aligned with the recommendations of qualified professionals who specialize in arboriculture and horticulture to ensure proper handling of softscape design execution.

To be effectively implemented in construction, these details must be planned and executed in collaboration with allied professionals. Factors such as weight, water requirements, and shade are important considerations that must be discussed with the architects, engineers, irrigation specialists, and sustainability consultants, among others. General Scope & Application Horizontal developments generally have the extensive applicability of softscape provisions. This shall be guided by the open space regulations found in the Philippine National

Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes Philippine Green Building Code (P.D. 1096) Quezon City Ordinance No. 1940 Series 2009 & No. 2399 Series 2015 ANSI/SPRI RP-14, Wind Design Standard for Vegetative Roofing Systems. T. Stathopoulos, A. Baskaran (1988) ‘Turbulent wind loading of roofs with parapet configurations’, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. C. Blessing, A.G. Chowdhury, J. Lin, P. Huang. (2009) ‘Full-scale validation of vortex suppression techniques for mitigation of roof uplift’, Engineering Structures, Volume 31, Issue

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample of an interpretative sign Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Examples of exterior signage and wayfinding elements Softscape Structure Details Softscape is considered as one of the main components in any landscape development. It is unique in the sense that it involves working with living species to design outdoor spaces. The landscape architect must have extensive knowledge on planting species - from the selection and sourcing of appropriate planting materials, to landscape maintenance.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

12: 2936-2946. J. Lstiburek (2011), ‘Parapets—Where Roofs Meet Walls’, Building Science Insights, BSI-050. http://www.buildingscience.com/documents/ insights/bsi-050-parapets-where-roofs-meetwalls. (1) 1ed – Walter J. Rossiter, 2ed – Thomas J. Wallace (2007), Roofing Research and Standards Development, 6th Volume. M. Fong (2012), The Weather and Climate of Singapore, Meteorological Service Singapore. National Parks Board. (2019). Guidelines on Greenery Provisions & Tree Conservation for Developments. National Parks Board. (2012). CUGE Standards: Guidelines on Planting of Trees, Palms, and Tall Shrubs for Rooftop CS E09.2012. Poh Choon Hock. (March, 2014). Research Technical Note: Parapets to mitigate wind loads on green roofs. Germany FLL - Guidelines for the Planning, Construction and Maintenance of Green Roofing - Green Roofing Guidelines 2008 edition BS 4043:1989 Recommendations for transplanting root-balled trees BS 4428: 1989 Code of practice for general landscape operations (excluding hard surfaces) BS 5837:2005 Trees in relation to construction. Recommendations BS 7370-4:1993 Grounds maintenance. Recommendations for maintenance of soft landscape (other than amenity turf) CP 79: 1999 - Code of Practice on Safety Management System for Construction Worksite CP33:1996 - Code of Practice for lightning and protection SS 536:2008 - Code of practice for the safe use of mobile cranes SS322: 1987 - Specification for earthing and bonding clamps Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines Landscape and Horticulture Works (WSH Council) Trees for Urban or Suburban Landscapes, Edward F. Gilman

categorized into two (2) main types of green roof systems: Extensive Green Roof – This type of green roof refers to the extensive growth of groundcover plants on rooftops. It uses a shallow modular roof system, typically 10 cm in depth, and comprises of a drainage mat with integrated water reservoir sandwiched between the roof’s waterproofing membrane and the soilless or mineral substrate media . Generally, extensive green roofs are low in installation cost and lightweight (90–150 kg/ m2). They can also be placed on pitched roofs up to an inclination of 30 degrees.. Inspections should be performed at least once or twice a year. Typical groundcover plants selected for this type of roof are low-maintenance and selfgenerative. Growing creepers and turfgrass are ideal for this type of green roof system. Extensive green roofs are usually used for their aesthetic and environmental benefits.

Chave J (2005) Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests Oecologia (2005) 145 87-99 Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirements Typologies - on-slab landscapes can be

Illustration 1.1.1 Diagram comparison representation of green roof

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Sample of extensive green roof installation Intensive Green Roof or roof gardens are designed for active uses such as recreational and social activities. . Compared with extensive green roofs, these types of systems are heavier in load and require more intensive planting, and are thus more expensive to develop and maintain. The plant selection for this type of green roof system typically ranges from ornamental lawns and shrubs, to trees and palms. As they are designed for active use, regular maintenance such as mowing, fertilizing, irrigating, and weeding is required. Figure 01 Insert image here

and

Structural Load Implications of Softscape Materials

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Static loads - The structural load implication of softscape materials not only includes the live load of softscape materials, but also the soil, waterproofing, and drainage systems typically used for on-slab landscapes. As standard practice, plant species, especially trees and palms, are assumed to be mature in height and condition for the purpose of structural load calculations, (footnote) Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical live load calculation for trees and palms Saturated Soil – Saturated soil, occurring after landscape irrigation or rain, is a load-bearing factor and must be included in structural load calculations, as part of standard practice. Irrigation specialists are typically consulted for this particular calculation. As standard practice, the weight of saturated soil is what is used in load calculations. Saturated soil weight – Soil, when used as a growth medium, may be comprised of sand, gravel, clay, minerals, organic matters, microbes, stone aggregates, and soil mixes of varying compositions and densities. Usually, soil saturated weight is estimated at 1920 kg/ m3. Dynamic loads (footnote)- Softscape materials, especially trees and palms, may experience dynamic loads such as lateral or multidirectional wind loads if they are located in high elevations. Wind Speeds - Wind speed is expected to increase with building height. Rooftop trees or palms may be periodically subject to unexpected wind gusts. Ideally, trees or palms should always be located at a safe distance (equal to or more than the expected grown-height of the tree or palm) from the roof edge to create a buffer zone in the event that they are uprooted by unforeseen winds. Prioritizing Columns and Beams - Strategic placement of heavy plants - such as tall shrubs, trees or palms - over structural elements such as columns, beams and structural cores optimizes load transfer. All loads must be safely

transferred from the roof down through the building structures, into the building foundation, and into the ground. Setback Guidelines for Trees and Palms Shade - Depending on the species, trees or palms should be planted in locations with ample shade for better growth. Design for Maintenance – Consider safe access for maintenance of trees and palms. Stabilization Measures - Trees or palms and tall vegetation -such as large shrubs exceeding 2m in height - should be stabilized on rooftops through any of the following measures: a) staking; b) guying; c) support-frames and/or; d) root-ball anchors. Avoid Edge Planting - Trees orpalms should not be planted too close to the roof edge. Canopies that spread beyond roof edges cannot be easily reached for pruning and maintenance. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Strategic placement of heavy plants over structural elements Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Tree support system for green roof (rootball secured to a deadman anchor)

Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Tree support system for green roof (tree support with steel cable secured to cast-in anchor bolt) Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Tree support system for green roof (tree support with steel cable secured to deadman anchor)

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Figure 01 Insert image here

planter type. Each system has its own unique set of advantages, limitations, and maintenance requirements,.

Illustration 1.1.1 Tree support system for green roof (tree support using a tree collar)

Figure 01 Insert image here

Parapet – Rooftop landscapes can use parapet walls to break wind speed. . Parapet walls can have heights ranging from 0.90m to 1.50m, depending on the elevation of the rooftop landscape, and applicable building codes.

Illustration 1.1.1 Types of modular vertical greenery systems

Figure 01 Insert image here

ANSI/SPRI RP-14, Wind Design Standard for Vegetative Roofing Systems. T. Stathopoulos, A. Baskaran (1988) ‘Turbulent wind loading of roofs with parapet configurations’, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. C. Blessing, A.G. Chowdhury, J. Lin, P. Huang. (2009) ‘Full-scale validation of vortex suppression techniques for mitigation of roof uplift’, Engineering Structures, Volume 31, Issue 12: 2936-2946. J. Lstiburek (2011), ‘Parapets—Where Roofs Meet Walls’, Building Science Insights, BSI-050. http://www.buildingscience.com/documents/ insights/bsi-050-parapets-where-roofs-meetwalls (1) 1ed – Walter J. Rossiter, 2ed – Thomas J. Wallace (2007), Roofing Research and Standards De-velopment, 6th Volume M. Fong (2012), The Weather and Climate of Singapore, Meteorological Service Singapore

Illustration 1.1.1 Examples of parapet designs Vertical Greenery Systems General Vertical greenery systems, also known as vegetated walls, are built for both their aesthetic and ecological benefits. They provide a sense of biophilia while reducing building temperatures, removing air pollutants, and improving biodiversity. The level of maintenance for this type of system is often dependent on the design, location, and accessibility. High vegetated walls are often exposed to wind and result in dryness, especially as elevation increases. Because of the intense conditions these types of systems are at risk of being exposed to, they require thoughtful design and a great amount of care. The typical plant selection for vegetated walls ranges from ornamental groundcovers and shrubs to climbing vines and cascading plants. The selection of plants is usually based on visual appearance. . Regular maintenance, including fertilizing, irrigation, and pruning is required. Vertical greenery shall be designed with safety considerations for maintenance to make the installation sustainable. Vegetated walls comprise of various methods of planting on vertical surfaces. In general, there are four types of vertical greenery systems: the support type, carrier type, fabric type, and

Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes

Landscape Engineering This section prescribes guidelines on the basic requirements for irrigation, drainage, and slope retention systems. Landscape architects work with engineers and specialty contractors to help design and construct developments in the most aesthetic and environmentally sound way possible by incorporating visually pleasing and green methods to otherwise rigid and utilitarian engineered solutions. In landscape engineering, the landscape architect’s scope of work is

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

limited to recommending and designing for the best possible landscape and ecological solutions. General Scope & Application Construction processes inevitably disturb the natural topography of a site. These landscape engineering solutions aim to maximize the use and aesthetic of a development while minimizing the negative impact. Guidance Basis/ Applicable Codes Gordon Keller & James Sherar. (July, 2003). LowVolume Road Engineering: Best Management Practices Field Guide. USAID DPWH. DO 06 Series 2017: DPWH Standard Specification for Item 807- Site Development. DPWH DO 100 Series 2020: DPWH New and Updated Standard Plans for Various Flood Control, Urban Drainage and Coastal Strutures Philippine Green Building Code (P.D. 1096) BS EN 124 Under BS EN 124:2015, manhole covers, access covers and gully grates are graded by different loading applications, ranging from class A15 up to F900. Kenneth Marcum. (August, 2010). Tropical Turfgrass Lawn Construction. Benjamin Loh & William Hunt. (March, 2013). Research Technical Note: Maintenance Requirements for Bioretention Systems in the Tropics Landscape Drainage Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirements Performance specifications should meet minimum Engineering standards. Landscape drainage should be verified by a sanitary/ plumbing engineer for sitewide and public sewer connections; and required flowrates and pipe sizes. Table 01 Insert image here

Table 1.1.1 Reference guide for installation areas and BS 497

Drainage System The main function of an effective landscape drainage system is to collect and dispose surface water and subsurface water run-off from a development. This can be achieved by a combination of different types of drainage typologies and systems. The benefits of a properly functioning drainage system include erosion control, minimal to no surface water ponding , minimal to no hardscape damage , and well-maintained plants. Typologies (Aesthetics) Perforated Pipe/ Planter Drain This type of drain consists of a subsurface perforated pipe with a geotextile filter fabric lining. Water from the surrounding soil enters the pipe and flows toward the discharge point Area Drain/ Catch Basins This is a type of surface drain that removes large volumes of surface water run-off from a specific area. These are typically used in hardscape areas and are usually linked to an underground drain pipe system. Trench Drains/ Slot Drains - <definition> Permeable materials such as gravel / pebbles, decorative concrete or metal gratings can be used to keep debris from entering the drain pipe or channel. Draincells/ Weepholes Draincells and weepholes reduce the hydrostatic load on walls and slabs due to excess water weight. Natural Swales Natural drain swales are the least expensive method of removing undesired surface water run-off. Retention Ponds & Basins Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirements PD 1067, The Water Code of the Philippines and its Amended IRR Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management Toolbox (SSWM) Minimum Standard 3.06 All relevant engineering standards Vegetated Swales/ Bioretention Swales Vegetated swales are natural drainage channels with mild slopes. They are used to convey stormwater run-off at a slower speed to allow sediments to settle. By slowing down the stormwater flow, these swales protect

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

downstream treatment elements or waterways from erosion. They can be used in combination with bioretention systems. Table 01 Insert image here

to remove suspended particles and dissolved contaminants. The wetland needs to be configured in such a way that system hydraulic efficiency is optimized, healthy vegetation is sustained, and a balanced eco-system is maintained.

Table 1.1.1 Typical vegetated swale detail Bioretention Swales Bioretention swales are vegetated swales with bioretention systems at the base. They provide efficient stormwater run-off treatment and are designed with a gentle slope. They convey stormwater run-off at a slow speed, allowing for temporary ponding (extended detention) to facilitate infiltration. The water is filtered and cleansed as it percolates into the bioretention system.. The filtered water is then collected by perforated subsoil pipes and can be reused or discharged. Table 01 Insert image here

Table 01 Insert image here

Table 1.1.1 Typical bioretention absin or rain garden details Sedimentation Basins Sedimentation basins are ponds that provide temporary detention of storm water run-off, providing time for sediments to settle at the bottom of the basin.. They are typically designed to capture 70 to 90% of coarse to medium-sized sediments (typically above 125µm). The settled sediments can then be removed periodically. Sedimentation basins can be used as pretreatment features for constructed wetlands and bioretention basins. Larger sedimentation ponds can be used as water storage ponds or as landscape-integrated water features.. The collected water from the sedimentation basins can be further reused for landscape irrigation or other purposes (e.g. toilet flushing). Table 01 Insert image here

Table 1.1.1 Typical sedimentation basin detail Constructed Wetlands/ Cleansing Biotopes Constructed wetlands are designed primarily

Table 1.1.1 Typical constructed wetland or cleansing biotopes detail Bioretention Basins or Rain Gardens Bioretention basins or rain gardens are vegetated land depressions designed to detain and treat stormwater run-off. Their treatment process is the same as bioretention swales: the run-off is filtered through densely planted surface vegetation and then percolated through a prescribed filter media (soil layers). Unlike bioretention swales, they do not convey stormwater run-off. Figure 01 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Typical soak-away rain garden detail Figure 02 Insert image here

Illustration 1.1.1 Conventional rain garden detail Slope Retention/ Erosion Control Systems Design Criteria/ Minimum Requirement DPWH DO 63 S2014 - Standard Specification for Item 522A - Protection Systems for Unstable Slope Environmental Protection Manual, Kalahi CDSS, Department of Social Welfare and Development All relevant engineering standards Application- Cut & Fill A site modification process that involves both removal and addition of land to a site. This method alters the natural topography to the desired result.

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Hydroseeding/ Live Staking A process that uses a slurry of seed and mulch to plant grass, it is used as an erosion control technique on large areas and slopes Retaining Walls A structure desiged and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil, where there is a desired change of elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. Gabion Walls A welded wire cage or box filled with materials such as stones or boulders. This creates a partially flexible block construction for revetments and embankments. Geogrid/ Cocologs/ Coco Nets These are erosion control blankets and are meant to slow down the speed at which water moves across a surface. This reduces the erosion of soil from surface run-off.

Landscape Hardscape Softscape Site Element(s) any element found or designed within a built landscape realm, which includes but not limited to, pedestrian Pedestrian Finish Slope Entry Point

Table 01 Insert image here

SUDS Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. A ‘SUDS’ compliant surface is any surface in which water is allowed to drain through to natural ground or directed directly into an installed soak-away or drainage swale.

Table 1.1.1 Common stable slope rations for varying soil or rock conditions

Allocation Allocation defines the amount of resources assigned to factors of production.

Figure 01 Insert image here

Fixed Costs Costs that do not change, when the number of production output changes.

Image 1.1.1 Cut slope design options INDEX A: PHOTO CONTENT CONTRIBUTORS Figure 01 Insert image here

Landscape Architectural Firms Juan Dela Cruz & Associates

Image 1.1.1 Typical rockwall construction

Individual Contributors Juan Dela Cruz

SUMMARY OF ILLUSTRATIONS INDEX B: AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS Illustration 3.4.14 Flagpole Detail

Typical Philippine Association of Landscape Architects www.palaonline.org

GLOSSARY OF TERMS Terms Definition

United Architects of the Philippines www.text.com

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Professional Regulatory Commission www.prc.gov.ph

and uninterrupted transmission and distribution of electricity and the protection of the integrity and reliability of power lines, and the providing penalties for violations thereof. (2019, August). www.officialgazette.gov.ph

Department of Public Works & Highways www.dpwh.gov.ph Department of Environment & Natural Resources www.denr.gov.ph INDEX C: RELATED LAWS, STANDARDS, AND GUIDELINES

Department of Energy. Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 11361. (2020, February). https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/ pdf/issuances/dc2020-02-0002.pdf National Historic Institute. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 8491.(2002). w w w. officialgazette.gov.ph

PALA DOC 200 National Building Code of the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 1096: Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines thereby Revising R.A. 6541. (1977, February). www.officialgazette.gov.ph Department of Public Works and Highways. Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 1096. (2005). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/ dpwh/references/laws_codes_orders/PD1096 Accessibility Law. Batas Pambansa No. 344: An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices. (1977, July). www.officialgazette. gov.ph

Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 957.(2009). https://hlurb.gov.ph/wp-content/ uploads/laws-and-issuances/IRRPD957.pdf

INDEX D: REFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (2004). Guide for the Planning, Design and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (1999). Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities.

National Council on Disability Affairs. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 344. (2008). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/ references/laws_codes_orders/bpb344

Interpave. (2008b, December). Planning with Paving: Precast Concrete Sustainable Paving in Urban Design. https://www.paving.org.uk

Philippine Green Building Code. A Referal Code of the National Building Code (P.D. 1096). (2015, June). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/ references/laws_codes_orders/pgbc

UK Department for Transportation. (2007). Manual for Streets. https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/manual-for-streets

Department of Health. Implementing Rules and Regulations of Code on Sanitation of the Philippines Chapter 8: Public Swimming or Bathing Places PD 856.(1998). https://doh.gov. ph/node/5731

Mark Philpotts. (2015, March). Designing for Walking. Chartered Institute of Highways and Transportation https://www.ciht.org.uk

Anti-Obstruction of Power Lines Act. Republic Act No. 11361: An Act Ensuring the continuous

Zeeger, Charles V. et. al. (2002). Pedestrian Facilities User’s Guide: Providing Safety and

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

Mobility.

Austroads. (1999). Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice: Bicycles.

Health and Safety Executive. (2012, May). Assessing the slip resistance of flooring: A technical information sheet. https:// www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/geis2.pdf

Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments (GAATES.ORG). (2014). The Illustrated Technical Guide to Accessibility Standard for the Design of Public Spaces. https://gaates.org/DOPS/default.php

ANNEX

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

REFERENCES Illustration 3.4.14 Typical Flagpole Detail

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

ILLUSTRATION INDEX PALA DOC 200 National Building Code of the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 1096: Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines thereby Revising R.A. 6541. (1977, February). www.officialgazette.gov.ph Department of Public Works and Highways. Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 1096. (2005). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/ dpwh/references/laws_codes_orders/PD1096

National Historic Institute. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 8491.(2002). www.officialgazette.gov.ph Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 957.(2009). https://hlurb.gov.ph/ wp-content/uploads/laws-and-issuances/ IRRPD957.pdf

Accessibility Law. Batas Pambansa No. 344: An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices. (1977, July). www.officialgazette. gov.ph National Council on Disability Affairs. Implementing Rules and Regulations of BP 344. (2008). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/ references/laws_codes_orders/bpb344 Philippine Green Building Code. A Referal Code of the National Building Code (P.D. 1096). (2015, June). https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/ references/laws_codes_orders/pgbc Department of Health. Implementing Rules and Regulations of Code on Sanitation of the Philippines Chapter 8: Public Swimming or Bathing Places PD 856.(1998). https://doh.gov. ph/node/5731 Anti-Obstruction of Power Lines Act. Republic Act No. 11361: An Act Ensuring the continuous and uninterrupted transmission and distribution of electricity and the protection of the integrity and reliability of power lines, and the providing penalties for violations thereof. (2019, August). www.officialgazette.gov.ph Department of Energy. Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD 11361. (2020, February). https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/ pdf/issuances/dc2020-02-0002.pdf

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

REFERENCES merican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (2004). Guide for the Planning, Design and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (1999). Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities.

Interpave. (2008b, December). Planning with Paving: Precast Concrete Sustainable Paving in Urban Design. https://www.paving.org.uk

UK Department for Transportation. (2007). Manual for Streets. https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/manual-for-streets

Mark Philpotts. (2015, March). Designing for Walking. Chartered Institute of Highways and Transportation https://www.ciht.org.uk

Zeeger, Charles V. et. al. (2002). Pedestrian Facilities User’s Guide: Providing Safety and Mobility.

Austroads. (1999). Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice: Bicycles.

Health and Safety Executive. (2012, May). Assessing the slip resistance of flooring: A technical information sheet. https:// www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/geis2.pdf

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS

PHILIPPINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STANDARDS FIRST EDITION

Published by Philippine Association of Landscape Architects Published in December 2021