Food Crops and Fodder(+): 53% -Traditional farming –harder. 67% blame- Demographic and economic factors,21%- intensification of production Firewood and Timber (-): National park policies fail- balance local well being, conservation, Development Landslides and floods(-): 75% worried – changes in regulating services Aesthetic landscapes and culture: Positive change . 27% worried –deteriorating environment
Adverse changes in regulating services- Need for a risk assessment Multiple complex factors affect perception-ES Change Most interpretation of ES change carried an evaluative weight, often dualistic and rooted in reach participant’s value. Empirical results- Answer methodological question.
y = 0.2841x - 574.39 R² = 0.35248
Winter temp trend in Khumbu -2.00
-0.00 1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
--2.00
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
y = 0.2111x - 430.2 R² = 0.14147
y = 0.0723x - 152.33 R² = 0.0172
Temp °C
--4.00 Jan Feb
--6.00
Dec Linear (Jan)
--8.00
Linear (Feb) Linear (Dec)
--10.00
--12.00
Year
140
120
Precipitation(mm)
100
80
Mean annual ppt Pre monsoon
60
Monsoon Post monsoon
40
20
0 1992
1994
1996
1998
2000 year
2002
2004
2006
2008