Water Availability in High Mountain Glacial River in Nepal
Gautam Rajkarnikar Nepal
July 14,2013
Khumbu Meteorological Sta/on
Sta/on : Dingboche Meteorolgical sta/on Place : Dingboche Al/tude: 4320 m Parameters: Thermo-‐hygrograph , Solar Radia/on Recorder, Anemometer • Manual Rain Gauge and Totalizer • AWS – Data logger. • • • •
Meteorological Sta/on
HYDROLOGICAL STATION
• • • • • • • •
Sta/on no : 666 River : Imja Khola Place: Dingboche Lat : 27º53’40” Long : 85º56’40” Al/tude: 4320 m Catchments Area: 135 km2 Established: 1987
Imja khola at Dingboche
Monthly Average Discharge, Imja Khola Sta/on Number: 666 Loca/on: Dingboche River: Imja
La/tude: 27 53 40 Longitude: 86 56 40 AVERAGE MONTHLY AND YEARLY DISCHARGE (in m3/s)
Year
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 Average
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
1.42 1.49 1.50 1.43 1.43 1.27 1.30 1.30 1.72 0.98
1.50 1.29 1.42 1.33 1.33 1.26 1.39 1.37 1.77 1.02
1.42 1.56 1.45 1.41 1.07 1.25 1.36 1.45 2.02 1.15
1.44 1.57 1.66 1.49 1.12 1.25 1.46 1.46 2.54 1.63
1.83 2.50 1.95 2.87 1.26 1.90 2.21 2.22 3.18 2.01
1.97 4.21 3.42 3.64 2.61 3.26 2.53 3.12 5.03 2.74
5.70 6.15 4.21 3.78 3.57 4.25 3.59 5.09 3.95 4.56
4.44 6.16 5.19 5.17 4.87 5.25 4.67 5.43 5.00 5.60
2.97 3.95 4.64 3.95 3.95 3.15 4.03 3.93 3.91 2.43
1.88 3.04 3.29 3.04 2.80 2.36 2.69 2.89 3.05 1.65
2.14 3.10 2.63 3.10 2.01 2.40 1.60 2.24 3.11 1.24
1.99 2.12 2.28 2.12 1.43 1.30 1.32 2.00 2.13 0.88
2.39 3.10 2.80 2.78 2.29 2.41 2.35 2.71 3.12 2.16
1.38
1.37
1.41
1.56
2.19
3.25
4.49
5.18
3.69
2.67
2.36
1.76
2.61
Hydrograph of Imja Khola Average Monthly Discharge of Imja Khola
7 6
1990 1991
Discharge in m3/s
5
1992 1993
4
1994 1995
3
1996 1997 1998
2
2000 Average
1 0 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Gauge sta/on, Pangboche
Langtang Meteorological Sta/on
• • • • • • • • •
Sta/on: Langtang Place: Kyangjing Lat: 28º13’00” Long: 85º37’00” Al/tude: 3920m Parameters: Thermo-‐hygrograph, Anemometer Manual raingauge, Totalizer, AWS Data logger Established date:1987 Jul 17
Langtang Meteorological Sta/on
Langtang Hydrological Sta/on
• • • • • • • • •
Sta/on no : 446.1 River Name : Langtang khola ( Source: Langtang Glacier) Lat: 28º13’00” Long: 85º33’00” Al/tude : 3800 m Catchment area: 340 km2 Place: Kyangjing Parameters: staff Gauge 1 m to 4 m Established: 1987 Jul 17
Langtang Hydrological Sta/on
Langtang Khola
Monthly Average Discharge,Lantang Khola Sta$on number: 446.1 Loca$on: Langtang Village River: Langtang Khola
La$tude: 28 13 00 Longitude: 85 37 00 AVERAGE MONTHLY AND YAERLY DISCHARGE (in m3/s)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Average
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
3.06 2.51 2.36 3.11 2.40 3.03 2.59 ... 2.32 1.26 3.46 2.62 2.48 2.48 2.59
2.91 2.44 2.37 3.02 2.32 3.03 2.65 ... 1.95 0.827 2.98 2.19 2.23 2.24 2.39
2.49 2.41 2.35 2.72 2.25 2.66 2.68 1.08 1.87 1.26 2.86 2.4 2.19 2.12 2.24
2.73 2.42 2.46 2.57 2.41 2.87 6.62 1.27 2.49 1.96 3.43 2.65 2.30 2.20 2.74
4.48 3.24 2.85 4.71 5.13 5.22 10.8 3.50 3.79 2.97 4.70 4.09 3.46 3.44 4.46
8.68 9.52 13.4 12.3 10.6 13.0 12.3 8.33 6.62 9.22 9.10 6.29 10.6 9.37 9.95
13.7 11.6 13.0 13.4 14.7 15.5 15.7 11.3 11.6 14.2 11.3 11.4 12.5 12.1 13.0
14.2 12.4 12.8 12.9 13.5 14.5 15.4 10.7 11.5 12.9 12.4 11.9 12.1 11.7 12.8
10.4 9.06 9.62 9.20 13.7 11.1 10.6 8.96 7.80 8.57 10.5 8.62 8.09 9.13 9.67
4.24 5.36 4.70 4.76 10.0 7.79 4.15 4.14 4.01 5.66 5.77 4.15 4.27 4.26 5.24
3.49 4.46 3.44 3.41 5.77 4.19 2.53 3.02 3.14 4.25 4.17 2.99 3.09 2.80 3.63
3.02 3.12 3.32 2.74 2.93 2.61 2.43 2.34 2.55 3.69 3.54 2.59 2.75 2.44 2.86
6.12 5.71 6.05 6.23 7.14 7.12 7.37 ... 4.98 5.56 6.18 5.17 5.50 5.36 6.04
Hydrograph of Lantang Khola Average Monthly Discharge of Langtang Khola
18 1993
16
1994 1995
14
1996 1997
12 Discharge (m3/s)
1998 1999
10
2000 2001
8
2002
6
2003 2004
4
2005 2006
2
Average
0 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Conclusions • The monitoring station should be telemetry to get information/ data on real time basis. • Strong database including snow and glacier information needs to be established. • The observation network should be sustainable. • Networks be equipped with robust tools and trained human resources for data collection, compilation, and processing.
Thank You