Opening Worship Service 51st Quadrennial Session Of The African Methodist Episcopal Church

By Rev. Betty Holley, TCR Contributing Writer

The Opening Worship began with our Senior Bishop and host, the Right Reverend Adam J. Richardson, Jr., with the familiar words, “This is the day that the Lord has made,” followed by “The Fanfare of Trumpets and Cymbals” that commenced the great processional of the leadership and the Council of Bishops of our great Zion. The singing of the Doxology was followed by the Call to Worship by Bishop Gregory Ingram. Bishop Jeffrey Leath led us in the opening hymn, “And Are We Yet Alive.”

The Invocation was by Bishop Messiah, followed by the MCAM Connectional Choir singing, “Psalm 117.” The Old Testament reading, read by Bishop McAllister, came from Isaiah 40:28-31. Bishop Wicker read the Epistle, II Timothy 2:11-15, followed by the Gospel from John 13:22-27, read by Bishop White. A Summary of the Decalogue was shared by Bishop James L. Davis. The MCAM Connectional Choir shared a well-known gospel, “Total Praise.” Bishop Byfield read the powerful litany followed by the mission offering conducted by Bishop David Daniels. The MCAM Connectional Choir blessed our hearing with the singing of “How Excellent Is His Name,” which was followed by the introduction of the preacher of the hour by Bishop Bryant. In Bishop Bryant’s introduction of our preacher, the Right Reverend Vashti Murphy McKenzie, he gave a chronology of her ministry in the episcopacy and pastorate. After the introduction, guest soloist, Crystal Aikin, sang the sermonic hymn, “That’s Why I Praise You.”

Our preacher, the Right Reverend Vashti Murphy McKenzie, shared her text-two pieces of scripture, Habakkuk 1:5 and Mark 6:36-38. The theme of the Quadrennial Sermon was “Between What is and What Could Be.” Just a few highlights from Bishop McKenzie’s sermon include the following: She shared in her sermon that we all have had and are still having challenges of “five loaves and two fish days.” Since the global pandemic showed up, we have seen cancelled cultures, cancelled graduations, cancelled family reunions, cancelled church as we know it, cancelled General Conference of the AMEC. Every generation can change the trajectory of their day. None of us are exempted from a “five loaves and two fish day.” The Gospel of Mark revolutionizes the idea of God. God is unchanging, awesome, and understanding. Mark shows us not d d d k h only what Jesus said in the text; but what Jesus did. Jesus will locate us out of sight when he is ready to handle that enemy in our lives. God does not always send our problems away. When we find ourselves in “five loaves and two fish days,” we need mustard-seed faith, two mites, the fringe on the helm of Jesus’ garment, the jawbone of an ass, a stick to part the water, or a stone to bring down a giant. Let us imagine the possibilities of God. If God has God’s way with the church, what would the AMEC look like? We could arrive at new levels, potential for greatness will be realized, gaps will be closed, resources will multiply. Finally, we need to get in the practice of acknowledging the presence of others. At the close of this powerful message, Bishop McKenzie asked all to engage in an ancient African tradition: Say, “I am here to be seen.” Response from the person you are acknowledging: “I see you.” Then say, “I am here to be heard.” Response from the person you are acknowledging should be: “I hear you.” Bishop McKenzie extended the Invitation to Christian Discipleship. We thank God for the 51st Quadrennial Sermon from Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie. h h

The Opening Service closed with the investiture of Bishop E. Anne Henning Byfield as the new president of the Council of Bishops. Other officers of the Council of Bishops are Bishop Ronnie Brailsford, secretary and Bishop Stafford Wicker. After the presentation of the medallion, the anthem, “O Come Give Thanks,” played and Bishop Byfield gave her electrifying response and charge to the church to shift into a new age. After the benediction, the South African struggle song, “Siyahamba,” played as the bishops recessed. ❏ ❏ ❏

the church did not prepare adequately for the digital divide. In spite of technical advice for the church not to proceed with in-person gathering, we insisted on swimming against the current of COVID-19. Simply stated, we did not prepare adequately and we failed to invest heavily in the much needed necessary information and communication technology (ICT’s). Clearly, there were pockets of laxity in closing gaps of the digital divide between Africa and the USA. At the end of the quadrennium, we should have been boasting of having state of the art Episcopal computer laboratories and ICT war rooms in Africa. Apart from a few districts that have institutions of higher learning, none

...From The Digital p13 ever made an attempt to make digital divide hay while the sun shined. To this end, notwithstanding, in the GC2016, all accredited delegates were provided with electronic tablets irrespective of the district of their origin. In contrast, in 2021, delegates from the continent of Africa were requested to provide their own pieces of electronic gadgets whether they liked it or not. As a result, at the time of this write up, some delegates on the continent of Africa who do not have their own laptops and tablets told their bishops they would not participate in the GC2020. Some of these are presiding elders and that tells a story, the situation among the clergy and laity is worse off.

It is hoped that, in the GC2020, we will take the Episcopal address seriously so that we do not find ourselves in the same situation we found ourselves on the issue of the digital divide. We wish all ourbishops, general officers, connectional officers, delegates, and the whole AME Church family success in the GC2020. ❏ ❏ ❏

JULY 7 CONGRESSWOMAN VAL DEMINGS ADDRESSES THE 51ST SESSION OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE

By Rev. Renita Marie Green, Columnist

Representative Val Demings greeted the General Conference during the Opening Business Session on Wednesday, July 7, 2021. Demings is a candidate for the U.S. Senate in Florida’s 10th District. She is a member of St. Mark AME Church in Orlando, Florida where the Reverend Terence Gray is the Pastor.

During her address to the members of the Connectional AME Church, Congresswoman Demings expressed great appreciation for our presence in the state of Florida during this conference, but even more so for our continuing prophetic witness across the United States. The congresswoman echoed the question often asked of those outside the Black Church tradition: Does the church have a place in politics?

Affirming what we know, Demings exclaimed that the role of the church is to ensure that no one is left behind and that the most vulnerable among us are protected. Demings celebrated the AME Church which has historically and consistently been committed to improving the quality of life for all.

Representative Demings called the church to collective action, “The urgency is now,” she declared as she lifted issues that are of urgent importance to our communities.

Equitable access to –quality health care –good housing –fair and sufficient wages – quality education, lifting up Edward Waters

University in Florida

Also, issues of importance are protecting and expanding voter rights and reforming the criminal justice system.

Demings declared that the strength of the United States is found in our democracy, which we must protect. We are supposed to be a people who choose our politicians, not a land where politicians choose their voters through gerrymandering. On January 6, 2021, Demings found herself among lawmakers at the Capitol who crawled on the floor wearing gas masks unsure if they would live or die that dreadful, shameful day. Nevertheless, she was confident of one thing, no matter what happened to them that day, someone would certify the election so ballots because democracy still means b something to people today! so Demings closed her address by reminding us that the one sure way to re know where we are going is to never kn forget our history. When community fo leaders visit our connectional le meetings, it is an affirmation that they m recognize the power of our collective re voice. As Micah compels us to do vo justice, love mercy, and walk humbly ju with our God, it is undoubtedly that w we will leave this place and carry on w in the tradition of the Black Church— in doing justice, loving mercy, and walking humbly with our God. ❏ ❏ ❏

GENERAL OFFICER APPRECIATION DINNER

By Rev. Dr. Shakira Sanchez-Collins, Columnist

Members of the General Officers Council, bishops, family members, friends, and colleagues gathered to honor the retiring general officers at the General Officer Appreciation Dinner held on Wednesday, July 7, 2021. The evening highlighted and recognized the legacy of four general officers who will retire during the 51st Quadrennial Session of the General Conference: Dr. George F. Flowers, the executive director of Global Witness and Ministry; Dr. Jerome V. Harris, the executive director of the Department of Retirement Services; Dr. James C. Wade, the executive director of the Department of Church Growth and Development; Dr. Richard Allen Lewis, the treasurer and chief financial officer of the AME Finance Department. The appreciation dinner featured remarks delivered by the General Officers Council. Speakers including the Rev. Dr. Teresa Fry Brown, the Rev. Dr. Garland Pierce, Mr. John Thomas III, the Rev. Dr. Roderick Belin, and Dr. Jeffery Cooper, who also presided over the special occasion. Other speakers included Bishop Adam Richardson, Bishop Clement Fugh, and Bishop Samuel Green, who presented the retiring general officers and emphasized the impact and significance that each general officer has had on the life of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. “General officers are the glue that holds the connectional church together,” said Mr. Thomas during the occasion. “Many persons only get to see the connectional church through the work of our departments.”

On behalf of the General Officers Council, Dr. Cooper, the general secretary of the AME Church, and the bishops presented the general officers with an engraved commemorative plaque recognizing their dedication and commitment to the service of the connectional church. In response, each retiring general officer gave a valediction reflecting upon their achievements and memories during their leadership tenures.

“I promised the Lord that I would do the best job that I could do,” said Dr. Harris during his remarks.

Elected towards the beginning of the 21st century, the retiring general officers ushered in significant improvements and innovations in the infrastructure of the AME Church. As the tenure of these four general officers comes to a close, the church celebrates their service and sacrifice. ❏ ❏ ❏ S D F T w B g p th

INTERVIEW WITH YOUTH DELEGATE KHAZI GUWA

By Mrs. Maggie Grootboom de Bruyn, 15th Episcopal District TCR Field Representative

Thank you for giving me this opportunity to share or talk with my fellow brethren in Christ; to me it is an honour. 1. Impression: Initially I have mixed emotions today as I know that there are some technical challenges in some of our areas in the conference, but it as joy when I noted the number of people that have connected to make the 15th District delegation more visible at the beginning of the quadrennial. 2. Highlights: Possibilities of a blended hybrid convention against all the challenges COVID-19 has posed just a week before Cape Town venue was set in motion. 3. Positives: I was so impressed with the technology advancement, and I have learned a lot through it, but it has created more opportunities of separatism as overseas districts are well-advanced and therefore can participate in a hybrid platform 4. Negative: Inability to really engage in the session deliberations due to virtual distance and sometimes network experience. Second, time difference can be a challenge as it’s already close to midnight on this side and therefore concentration is at its lowest, affecting intellectual engagements with the reports presented thus far. 5. Africa: COVID-19 has just proved that the new strategic direction for Africa is needed as it has proved that much as we are one. There are still many bridges to cross. Africa needs to have clear agenda within connectionalism. ❏ ❏ ❏

GOD SEES, HEARS, KNOWS, & LOVES

By Rev. Jennifer S. Leath, Ph.D., 5th Episcopal District

Pictured here is a button I found yesterday in the Hyatt gift shop on-site at the General Conference. The card stock paper on which this black, rainbow-fleeced sheep was presented stated: “I’m the Rainbow Sheep of the Family.” Yes, I celebrate being black. Yes, I celebrate being quare.* However, I did not purchase this “black rainbow sheep” for those reasons.

I purchased the “black rainbow sheep” because, when I saw it, I not only recognized myself signified, but also remembered I am not alone: “The Lord is my Shepherd!” (Psalm 23:1).

God, my shepherd, sees me, God hears me, God knows me, and God loves me. As my shepherd, God has covenanted with me, with us as African Methodists, and with others like me in the AME Church.

This covenant is that God does not seek our destruction (Genesis 9:8-17). Moreover, there is an assurance: All things work together for good for we who love God and are called according to God’s purpose (Romans 8.28).

I cannot describe the excitement I felt in 2000 when I heard chants in the halls of the General Conference: “It’s time, it’s time to make a change! McKenzie’s the one! She can do it!” The words of Esther echoed in the corridors affirming the imminent election of Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie: “For such a time as this” (Esther 4:14). I join the community of those who will lament the retirement of Bishop McKenzie. Yes, McKenzie was the first of only four women elected to the episcopacy of the AME Church thus far – joined by Bishops Carolyn Tyler Guidry (retired), Sarah Frances Davis (deceased), and E. Anne Henning Byfield. However, more remarkable than this accolade is McKenzie’s prophetic witness within and for the church.

Bishop McKenzie’s message at the Opening Worship of the General Conference, “Between What Is and What Could Be,” was further evidence of her prophetic witness. Three aspects of McKenzie’s sermon rest in my spirit as I write: 1. While many of us are focused on what is, Jesus is manifesting what could be. 2. The “could be” answer is not only among us but is also found in unlikely people – including the next generation. 3. We are invited to “co-create” with God – imagining a “could be” future.

For this co-creation – transforming a limited “what is” through “what could be” to a new and expanded “what is” – McKenzie invited us to reconfigure the Zulu call, “Sawubona,” and response, “Yebo, Sawubona.” McKenzie explained the meaning of this call as “I see you; I recognize you; I value you” and the call and response together meaning that we see one another and consider: “What can we do in this space together?”

McKenzie made powerful appeals: See the value of women! See and protect children! See and support physical and mental well-being! And we know there are others among us who we could see and hear and should see and hear but historically have not seen and heard well as a church. But, to call that roll, we must begin with our missing, unseen, muted, Zoomed and/or distanced siblings now in Africa from whom we are yet learning the “Sawubona” call and response. However, the roll cannot stop there. Can’t we also imagine the AME Church as space where LGBTQ people – disciples of Jesus, filled with the Holy Spirit, overflowing with “two fish, five loaves” gifts waiting to be multiplied – are also heard and seen among us? Can’t we receive what God is manifesting through the LQBTQ people in our midst? Can’t we see answers to our needs in those we have problematically excluded, ignored, and/or oppressed? Can’t we see that the future is ours to create together – those traditionally seen and unseen, heard and unheard?

Except insofar as I reflect the image of God, I would be okay without being seen or heard. However, Bishop McKenzie invited us to declare, “I am here to be heard” and to respond, “I hear you,” to declare, “I am here to be seen,” and to respond, “I see you.” In this spirit, with the unction of God’s DNA in me: Hear me, see me, create with me.

For such a time as this: I will be the one with the black rainbow sheep pin on, inviting you to make your presence and support known as God calls you to, defending legislative and electoral choices that open our eyes, our ears, and our creativity to all the “black rainbow sheep” among us. *Taking a cue from E. Patrick Johnson in “‘Quare’ Studies, or (Almost) Everything I Know About Queer Studies I Learned from My Grandmother,” quare means “queer; also, opp. of straight; odd or slightly off kilter; from the African American vernacular for queer” and signals a womanist way of being “LGTBQ” – turning the “Q” from “queer” to “quare.”

See Leath, “The Fire This Time: AME Sexual Politics,” The Christian Recorder, 14 June 2021 for a definition of “quare.” ❏ ❏ ❏

THE ONE WHO GOES BEFORE US: REFLECTIONS ON THE EPISCOPAL ADDRESS

By Rev. Dr. Barry Settle, Contributing Writer

In Deuteronomy 31, we see a transition of leadership power from Moses to Joshua, where Joshua was given the responsibility to lead Israel into the promise that God promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In v. 8, Moses encourages Joshua strongly of his divine appointment and reminds him he will also be divinely led. He is reminded that as he moves into places that he has never experienced, that God has already gone before him, will be with him, and will not forsake him.

This is the impression which the African Methodist Episcopal Church should be reminded of, as we experienced the opening business sessions of the 51st Session of the General Conference. The tension was obvious as to what kind of General Conference would we experience. This would be different. It has to be, because of the social circumstances we face.

Bishop Richardson reminded us in the opening session, that he brought a suitcase and it was packed with nothing but patience. As we moved through the first two days, we must draw from this suitcase.

Wednesday morning, Congresswoman Val Demings greeted the General Conference. She challenged us by asking the question, “Does the church have a role in politics?” She said, “Politics is only about individuals who are represented to protect the majority of the people.” She reminded us of our charge by not forgetting our history where Richard Allen rejected an agenda that did not include him and the AME Church still looks to improve the quality of life for all people. “We can’t stop now,” she said. “The sense of urgency is now.”

As new leadership is elected in this General Conference, let us remember this urgency and remember that the Lord has already gone before us, is with us, and will not forsake us.

As Bishop Ingram then led us in the Episcopal Address, because of the circumstances experienced, the entire address was not able to be read completely and he requested we pull up the document on the AME General Conference App, as the complete document is available. Bishop Ingram summarized, “The next three years will be a period of unparalleled challenges for the African Methodist Episcopal Church, so as we look to the future, not only must we give and begin the process of determining how to stay on track and commit to our legacy and mission, but we must cast new vision and establish our quadrennial goals that the whole entire global church will embrace and implement.”

As we commit to the legacy and mission of African Methodism, may we be reminded the Lord has already gone before us, is with us, and will not forsake us.

As Bishop Ingram closed the address, he encouraged us as we explore how change can move us to higher heights in the Lord and that our methods must align with the environment which means we must do things differently. Old wine in new wineskins will not work.

At the end of the 51st Session of the General Conference, our prayer should be steadfast for the leadership of African Methodism. We have a great church, and may our prayer be that the Lord, who has gone before us, will be with us and not forsake us and will bring clarity to us as we move to further the kingdom of God and make Christ known to all. ❏ ❏ ❏

JULY 8

ARE WE THERE YET?

By Rev. Gaborone P. Lesito, TCR 19th Episcopal District Field Representative

This is one question that many parents have had to answer. This often happens when a family takes a trip, and the parents look forward to it; the children are excited to be part of it. Yet the second turn of a three-hour-long journey, the children ask, ‘Are we there yet?’ It doesn’t matter how many times the parents can assure the children that they will get there in the next two or three hours; the question will still be asked until the destination is reached. So where are we going? What’s in it for the AME Church to take this journey?

As on 6 July, I am one of those who ask whether I will experience the General Conference in the way it is intended, from Business Session I at 7 p.m. South African time. I and some 19th District delegates and some from districts outside the U.S. still had not received all our credentials by 7 p.m. South African time. As I get ready to submit the article on 7 July, the voter credentials were sorted out but still awaiting the credentials to enter the Zoom platform. I have hope that all these teething problems would be sorted by the time you read the article. In my Project Management class, I was told – as I reported on the project – “I hope all will work out well,” that HOPE is not a strategy. I am glad I am a pastor, so I still hope all will be OK as we get there. Would you please join me in this journey of hope?

I am happy that our Facebook and YouTube are organized. This assisted in watching the Morning Manna and the Opening Worship Service for the 6th and 7th. Many of us this side of the continent are trying not to express our frustration but cannot hold it off any longer, and we want to ask that question, ‘Are we there yet?’ I have tested our AMEGC2020 APP, which is a fabulous tool and has information on some of the subsections of it. The more you play with it the easier it gets. Relevant information gets uploaded as the days go by. We expect more information as the days go by with outdated information removed such as about Cape Town.

This journey is happening for the first time for all of us, so while we should not stop asking whether the execution of the GC fits the preparation, we must hold each other accountable, we must acknowledge each other’s hard work, but more importantly, we should remain hopeful that all will be ok, let us enjoy the ride. Three days ago, someone asked me where I would be connecting for the proceedings of the GC. I was ambivalent as I pointed to my office at the parsonage. There was a ‘Selah’ and then we enjoyed ourselves talking about the times we are in. Finally, we agreed, we have to get in, we have to do the best we can but most of all, enjoy ourselves. The technical and admin teams have done outstanding work to help sort out all the glitches.

Someone commented, “I have never checked my emails as I did for this GC. As the church honoured Bishop Vashti McKenzie with a platform to preach her last sermon as an active bishop and to pronounce the benediction, that was AME in action. I pray the practice goes down to all levels of the church and keeps the AME Church’s practices alive at grassroots from the learnings at the GC. Sawubona, AME. Yes, we heard you bishop, and the African continent waits to see whether we will be heard. Is the church prepared to hear, because, without a doubt, Africa is speaking. How shall the church show she has heard? Let’s look at the bills that come from Africa (if it does not affect the U.S., it does affect Africa), let’s look at the budgeting in context, let’s look at the candidates. Who will get in? Let Africa tell you; please hear us.

We are a liberating and reconciling people; we have a chance to live this creed. Let every vote pass the test of liberation and reconciliation. If it fails to meet this canon, don’t take it. The behaviour and decisions of this GC will tell whether we should keep asking the question, ‘Are we there yet?’ Shall all good things come out from this GC, or is the journey still too long? I believe the church intends to arrive at a glorious destination, ensuring that all who are in this vehicle are happy when we get there. The church needs to unite, even as we hold the meeting separated by time, room, continents, and countries. ❏ ❏ ❏

BUSINESS SESSION REPORT FROM JULY 8

By Rev. Renita Green, TCR Columnist

JUDICIAL COUNCIL

The Judicial Council of the AME Church made its report to the General Conference. There were 3 judges retiring from the council. The term of the Rev. Francine Brookins came to an end and reelection was not sought.

There were three issues before the Judicial Council. Because one person was not present and the other had withdrawn from the AME Church, only the appeal of the Rev. Clinton Brown was heard.

The General Conference heard the third matter of the Rev. Clinton Brown, 6th District. The Rev. Brown’s complaint was being moved from one church to another that was not equal or greater. He sought restoration to the former charge and compensation for lost wages. The Judicial Council found that because appointments are for one year, and the Rev. Brown accepted the appointment to the lesser charge, and by the time he filed the complaint, the appointment had expired, there were no grounds to grant his request. Furthermore, it was stated that the Rev. Brown attempted to sell the property without the support or consent of the congregation and had been recommended to counseling and professional mentoring.

When brought to the General Conference body for a vote, 985 votes to affirm Judicial Council report and 360 against affirming the vote. The matter received the necessary 2/3 votes and therefore, the Rev. Clinton Brown’s appeal was denied.

AME INC. REPORT

AME Inc. is set up to provide administrative oversight to the 501(c)(3) status of the AME Church, ensuring that the corporation meets federal guidelines. The incorporation is made up of 9 members including 3 bishops, 3 elders, and 3 laypersons as well as nonvoting members. The full report will be available on the AME GC2020 app.

One highlight of AME Inc.’s report is the relationship of AME Inc. with Morris Brown College. Relieving debt is one of the steps in seeking to reestablish accreditation status. To that end, AME Inc. forgave all of the debt that Morris Brown owed to the corporation in exchange for the establishment of $1.5 million in scholarships being established for students with the AME Church.

Another highlight is that of the partnership with the AME Sunday School Union in the sale of their old building and the erection of a new home for the Sunday School Union. Out of this partnership, the AME Future Fund was established.

AME FUTURE FUND LLC ESTABLISHED TO LEAVE AN INHERITANCE TO THE NEXT GENERATION

The Future Fund was established to hold in trust surplus funds from the sale of the Sunday School Union building. The funds were to be allocated for the new building project and charitable purposes. To that end, the managers of the Future Fund made the decision to invest the residual funds into a trust to be held for a minimum of 7 years before it can be touched. The fund will then be used to ensure that the church is poised for self-reliance, self-movement, and self-direction. The total amount invested was $3,675,000.00. A full report can be found on the AME GC2020 app.

EPISCOPAL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS LOCATION OF BISHOP WILFRED MESSIAH AND THE RESTORATION OF POSITION TO BISHOP KAWIMBE

the committee: (1) Bishop Reginald T. Jackson, (2) Bishop Paul J. Kawimbe, (3) Bishop Wilfred Messiah.

On the matter of Bishop Reginald Jackson, the complaint (not stated) was unfounded.

On the matter of Bishop Paul Kawimbe, the Judicial Committee, after much consideration of the Grievance Committee of the Council of Bishops, it was concluded that Bishop Paul J. Kawimbe should be returned to active status.

On the matter of Bishop Wilfred Messiah, the Judicial Committee, after much consideration of the evidence before them, concluded that of all the many charges against him, there were three charges of maladministration which were most egregious: (1) Withholding of monies that were due to widows after a terrible accident killed their husbands, (2) Choosing delegates based upon those who were able to pay $275 for registration, (3) Removing duly elected delegates to the General Conference and replacing them with those who had not been elected. Consequently, the Judicial Committee found the Rt. Reverend Wilfred Messiah guilty and recommended that he be located.

Bishop Messiah spoke in his own defense, refuting the charges. However, since this session is for business and not a trial, as stated by Chairperson Bishop Jeffrey N.

...From Business Session p18

Leath, the decision of the Judicial Committee was all that could be discussed, not the charges themselves. There were several points of order called by members of the delegations in both Africa and the United States. However, the only discussion that could be entertained was that of procedural issues. To that point, out of the 13th Episcopal District, there was a motion and second to divide the report so each bishop could be voted on individually as opposed to voting on the combined report. This motion passed. Motions were made individually to approve the following reports and recommendations: On the matter of Bishop Reginald Jackson—motion carried. On the matter of Bishop Paul Kawimbe—motion carried, Bishop Kawimbe will be restored to active service. On the matter of Bishop Messiah—motion carried, Bishop Messiah will be located. The question was raised of what “located” means in terms of becoming the senior bishop, retirement, and/or salary. The Episcopal Committee was sent back to define the meaning of located.

RESOLUTION TO ESTABLISH AD HOC AME SEXUAL ETHICS DISCERNMENT COMMITTEE WAS ADOPTED

The Rev. Jennifer S. Leath, Ph.D. and the Rev. Stephen Green, undergirded by a host of collaborators that includes Mrs. Jackie Dupont-Walker, Chair of the AME Social Action Commission, offered a resolution to officially support a “discernment process to identify and promote holy, just, and clear positions for

the church concerning sexual orientation and gender identity” so that we will live out the mission of the AME Church. The full resolution will be posted on the AME GC2020 app. The motion passed 985 to 371.

PRESIDENT BIDEN GIVES AN ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL CONFERENCE

President Joseph Robinette Biden addressed the 51st Session of the General Conference via satellite this morning. He exhibited great knowledge of our Zion, comparing the birth of the AME Church like that of the Declaration of Independence of 1776 and the start of our nation.

He stated that he was very familiar with the church and that it was always an inspiration to him.

Highlights include: • The church has always served socially, spiritually, and physically • AME churches have been houses of healing with food banks and vaccination centers • Quoted Absalom Jones “to rise out of the dust and shape itself” • The church has done that with equity, and is at the heart of vaccination efforts maintain the sacred right to vote for all and he looks forward to working with the AME Church.

Editor’s note: Due to the nature of rapid coverage, please check the official minutes of the General Conference for vote counts and motions. ❏ ❏ ❏

President Biden further stated that the American Rescue Plan (ARP) works cutting back on child poverty, support of blackowned businesses, and historic support of HBCUs. The ARP forgave 1.6 billion in HBCU debt and provided 6 billion in additional funding. He also signed into law Juneteenth as a federal holiday.

Biden’s major thrust is to work to

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE GENERAL CONFERENCE COMMUNION SERVICE OM THE GENERAL CONFERENCE COMMUNION SERVICE

By Rev. Sheri D. Smith Clayborn, TCR Contributing Writer

Thursday, July 8, 2021, the 51st Quadrennial Session of the General Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal Church gathered in person at Orlando’s Orange County Convention Center and around the world virtually for the Service of Word and Sacrament. Senior Bishop Adam J. Richardson led worship.

The MCAM Ensemble provided The Moments of Praise prior to the Doxology (AME Hymnal No. 647). The Call to Worship was led by Bishop Reginald Jackson and written by Bishop E. Anne Henning-Byfield. The Opening Hymn, “The Blood That Jesus Shed for Me” (AME Hymnal No. 137), was led/lined by Bishop Stafford J. N. Wicker, followed by The Invocation prayed by Bishop Clement W. Fugh. “Sweet Hour of Prayer” is the prayer response that followed. The anthem, “Inflammatus” (Rossini), was lifted through video/multimedia presentation. The Scripture Lesson was read from 1 John 1:5-7 (NIV) by Retired Bishop Robert Webster. The Preface to the Decalogue, “From All that Dwells” (AME Hymnal No. 69) and Bishop Henry Turner’s version of The Summary of the Decalogue was led by Bishop John F. White, Sr. The Gloria Patri followed.

The worship service program chair, Bishop Vashti M. McKenzie, presented the preacher, the Right Reverend Samuel L. Green, Sr., the presiding prelate of the 7th Episcopal District and the former pastor of St. Mark African Methodist Episcopal Church (Orlando, FL). The Seventh Episcopal District/ MCAM choirs lifted the sermonic selection and invited us to join in the low country connection that transitioned us from mainstream to

...continued on p20

...From Highlights from p19 down home as they sang, “O Thou, in Whose Presence” (AME Hymnal No. 83). The Facebook chat lit up in response to their invitation through ancestral sounds.

After Bishop Green gave honor to God, his family, and friends for their support, he opened with the prayer, “Do it again. Amen.” His text was Nehemiah 2:1-5 – using the title, “I Can’t Do This Anymore.” Bishop Green began his sermon by sharing a statistic that four million people left their jobs in April 2021, according to a report from NPR. The pandemic prompted this move. It was as if the issues of our current society caused millions of people to rethink their lives. Bishop Green said, “We are one problem away from our greatest moment.”

Bishop Green states that Nehemiah was in the same position. He was sick of his situation with his home country in ruins. He had a prestigious job but was unfulfilled. Bishop Green referenced the words of Jesus, “Seek ye first the kingdom of God and God’s righteousness and all these other things will be added unto you.” Only the things of God fulfill us!

Bishop asserted that something deeper was calling out to Nehemiah. Deep calls unto deep! Our future will call to us. We must listen to the voice of God. Often times we do not recognize God’s voice. One of the unique places that God’s voice can be found, according to Bishop Green, is in restlessness. God will not leave us alone until God squeezes glory out of our lives. Nehemiah’s future called to him, and he heard God’s call through his own restlessness regarding the ruins of his hometown. We don’t know him as a cupbearer; we know him more as a builder…that was his destiny.

Bishop Green declared that when we declare we can’t do this anymore, we are saying that we are ready for what God has for us. God has miracles for us. Better is coming. Get ready for an upgrade! Bishop Green’s sermon ended in celebration and praise!

The invitation to Christian Discipleship was extended by Bishop Green. Part of Bishop Green’s closing prayer was, “Breathe on us, God. O breath of God, renew, restore, and revive us. Breathe on us.”

The Offertory Appeal was led by Bishop E. Anne Henning-Byfield. Communion was held simultaneously in each of the delegate rooms. Communion included: The Solicitation (Bishop Adam J. Richardson, Jr.); The General Confession (Bishop Julius H. McAllister, Sr.); The Summary of the Collects – Humiliation and Adoration (Bishop Michael L. Mitchell); The Prayer of Consecration (Bishop Adam J. Richardson, Jr.); and singing the Caribbean version of “The Lord’s Prayer” (MCAM). The Celebration was led by Bishop Stafford J. N. Wicker, “What a Mighty God We Serve.” The service concluded with The Announcements (Bishop Ronnie Brailsford), Closing Remarks (Bishop Vashti McKenzie), and the Benediction by Retired Bishop John R. Bryant. Bishop Harry L. Seawright led the Recessional. ❏ ❏ ❏

JULY 9 CHRISTIAN DEBUTANTE-MASTERS CEREMONY

By Robbie Colson-Ramsey, Contributing Writer

Amid the chaos, worshipping virtually, revisions of church legislation, being off schedule, emergency recesses, and reports from the Episcopal Committee, we stop to witness the beauty of the Christians Debutante-Master Ceremony, young people from around the Connectional church virtually gather to make their introduction into Christian adulthood.

These students from around the connectional church, although not in their conventional white ball dresses and tuxedos, accented in red, were still celebrated— this sacred but sometimes not well-known ceremony. The team led by Mrs. Lyndajo Watson, the Rev. Dr. Garland Pierce, and Bishop David R. Daniels dedicated themselves to the many months it takes to work with the students to make this ministry successful both in the conference and the Episcopal levels.

I must personally admit when I heard that the ceremony would not take place live and in living color, I was a little saddened. I want the songs that reminded me of my childhood participating in the CDMC, so when I logged on and heard, “Take my life and let it be consecrated, Lord, to thee,” I smiled on the inside.

The ministry team successfully adapted this traditional service from the Allennites and Sub-Debs/Master pledges, music, and prayers, to the most significant lighting the cross into adulthood. This virtual service paid homage to the details that make the CDMC a special rite of passage in the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

The commission also awarded scholarships to four debutantes and masters that range from $500 to $1000.00, believing that education is essential to the student and the church. ❏ ❏ ❏

CONGRATULATORY LISTINGS JUNE 2021

*46th Year Pastoral Celebration in Honor of Presiding

Elder Thomas L. Bess, Sr., Member of the Judicial

Council of the African Methodist Episcopal Church

The Atlanta East District, Atlanta North Georgia Annual Conference will be hosting a 46th Year Pastoral Celebration in honor of Presiding Elder Thomas L. Bess, Sr. on Saturday, June 12, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. at Antioch AME Church, 765 South Hairston Road, Stone Mountain, GA. It will be an evening of celebration and fellowship through worship which will include special presentations of gifts from ministries, family and friends, greetings, and salutations from invited guests.

CDC guidelines will be followed, and masks worn at this event. Live stream options will also be available.

A souvenir booklet will be published to commemorate this momentous occasion. Souvenir booklet information: https://www.atlantaeastdistrict-ame.org/celebrating-46years-in-ministry.

For more information, please feel free to contact the Rev. Vandy C. Simmons, host pastor @ 404-680-3626, or the Rev. Garland Higgings at 860-916-7298.

The Rev. Dr. Thomas L. Bess, Sr. has been in the pastoral ministry for more than 46 years. He began his pastorate at Allen Chapel AME Church in Macon, GA in 1982. In 1988, he was appointed as senior pastor of St. Phillip’s Monumental Church in Savannah, GA. In 1991, he was appointed as senior pastor at Flipper Temple AME Church in Atlanta, GA. In 1997, he received an appointment to St. Paul AME Church where he served until May 2013 when he was assigned to the Awesome Allen Temple. In addition to his service as pastor, Dr. Bess also served as an adjunct professor of AME Polity at Turner Theological Seminary at the Interdenominational Theological Center from 1994 to 2013. He also served as a chief chaplain at Coastal State Prison in Savannah, GA, as well as, clinical chaplain at Central State Hospital in Milledgeville, GA. Dr. Bess was appointed dean of the Board of Examiners and Treasurer for the 6th Episcopal District which he served honorably.

As a staunch supporter of education, Dr. Bess obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from Fort Valley State University; his Master of Divinity from Turner Theological Seminary (ITC); his Doctor of Ministry from Columbia Theological Seminary; and matriculated for a year at John Marshall Law School. Dr. Bess is author of The Funeral and co-author of “When Black Folks Die.”

His greatest gift of service is his ability to shepherd others in their calling to the pastoral ministry. He has many sons and daughters in ministry who have been appointed as senior pastors throughout the AME denomination. He has been a vital resource to many pastors across denominational lines.

His professional organization memberships include a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., Board of Trustee member of Turner Theological Seminary, and Board of Trustee member of the Interdenominational Theological Center. Dr. Thomas L. Bess is also a member of the Judicial Council of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, serving as the chaplain.

Dr. Bess has been happily married to Dr. Gretchen Bess for over 40 years. They are the proud parents of two sons, Stephen and Thomas, Jr. They enjoy traveling and spending time with their granddaughter Mia.

In all his accomplishments and accolades, Dr. Bess continues to hold fast to Isaiah 40:31, “...those who wait on the LORD shall renew their strength...They shall mount up with wings like eagles...They shall run and not be weary...They shall walk and not faint.”

Congratulatory expressions can be sent to: the Rev. Dr. Thomas L. Bess, Sr., Presiding Elder • P.O. Box 1205, 3435 Roosevelt Hwy • Red Oak, GA 30272 BlessBess46@gmail.com Atlantaeastdistrict-ame.org

Fiftieth Wedding Anniversary Celebration-

The Reverend and Mrs. Ronald A. Boykin

Congratulations to the Rev. Ronald A. Boykin and Mrs. Helen A. Boykin who will celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary on Saturday, June 12, 2021. The couple were wed in Washington, D.C. and have celebrated five decades of joy in ministry. The Rev. Ronald A. Boykin is the distinguished pastor of the historic Seaton Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Church in Lanham, Maryland and Sister Helen A. Boykin is the charming and gracious first lady.

A special drive-by parade celebration in honor of this golden anniversary will be held on Saturday, June 12, 2021, at 2:00 p.m. at Seaton Memorial AME ...continued on p31

JULY 9 REPORT ON JULY 9 BUSINESS SESSIONS

By Rev. Renita M. Green, TCR Columnist Business Session - Thursday, July 9, 2021

Today’s General Conference highlights include bills passed, a rousing discussion on procedural matters, and a few inspiring quadrennial reports.

This update is not inclusive of all the day’s activities as the sessions move fast, and not all of the information was captured. Please check the minutes for a more detailed report of the business and activities of the 51st Session of the General Conference. GGDA13 EPISCOPAL COMMITTEE AUTHORITY

The bill to expand the authority of the Episcopal Committee would have raised their authority to operate in the interim of the General Conference to fill vacancies or to reassign bishops as needed.

Had this bill passed, it would have created the opportunity for Episcopal districts to request, by 2/3 vote, for a bishop to be removed or reassigned prior to the General Conference.

Although the bill offered that the Episcopal Committee would operate in the spirit of the General Conference.

Bishop Richardson, in his motion to delete the bill, stated that this type of legislation was moving the church toward congregationalism.

The motion to delete the bill passed, 878 for, 460 against.

Immediately following the deletion of GGBO8, persons were in cue to contest the lack of opportunity to discuss the bill.

Mr. Randolph Scott from the 5th made a motion to repeal the bill based on a breach of parliamentary procedure. However, according to Robert’s Rule of Order, this motion was not legal, as stated by the Parliamentarian. Mr. Scott declared that the lack of discussion on bills was suppressing 1720 votes. He expressed frustration that this was the second time delegates were denied the opportunity to discuss a bill.

Ms. Edith Cartledge (1st Episcopal District) motioned to bring the bill back for discussion, stating that she voted on the prevailing side but believes that every person deserves to be heard.

This sentiment was also shared by other members of the lay delegation, saying they did not come all this way to be silenced.

GGB08 THE CHRISTIAN RECORDER PUBLICATION

Under the current legislation, The Christian Recorder was legislated to publish bi-weekly publications. However, in 2016, Editor John Thomas III, moved The Christian Recorder forward with publishing one edition in print and one online following The Book of Discipline.

With the passage of this new legislation, The Christian Recorder will become a monthly print publication. Special/commemorative editions may be physically printed at the discretion of the editor and the publisher. In addition, periodic news updates shall be distributed online.

There were no objections to this legislation. JA 01 CHILD AND YOUTH PROTECTION

The Child and Youth Protection Bill increases protections for the young people of our Zion by increasing the diligence of church leadership in ensuring that those who work with children are adequately screened through local and federal databases.

Several amendments to this bill were offered regarding the types of databases, the frequency of performing the background checks, the security of the documents, and wording to make it relevant for our global community.

As the discussion ensued, a motion was made to table the bill for two hours, allowing the opportunity for a committee to amend the bill to prevent rewriting the bill on the floor. The motion to table passed.

After the break, the amended bill was brought before the body.

As amended, the Child and Youth Protection Bill passed.

Background checks will be required for all volunteers and all adult staff; the results will be kept securely in the headquarters of the Episcopal district in the DOCE database, with flexibility for each body to follow the laws of the land as they apply. EPISCOPAL COMMITTEE REPORT: REQUEST FOR RETIREMENT AND THE PASSING OF THE CHARACTER OF BISHOPS

Before the passing of JA 01, the Episcopal Committee entered the room to deliver their report.

A request for retirement was made for Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie and Bishop Gregory G. M. Ingram.

Although 43 delegates voted no and 3 abstained, the motion carried. Thus, at the close of the 51st Session of the General Conference, Bishop McKenzie and Bishop Ingram will be added to the roll of retired bishops of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

After accolades and appreciation were shared for the retiring Bishops, the Episcopal Committee read the report on character. Except for Bishop Wilfred J. Messiah, the character of the 17 active bishops passed without objection or discussion.

Unreadiness was called by Bishop Messiah, who sought clarity as to why his name was not called.

Chairperson, Bishop Clement W. Fugh, asked for the Episcopal Committee to answer Bishop Messiah. The Committee explained that proper notice of appeal to the Judicial Council was made regarding l d l l d d the earlier action of locating Bishop Messiah. Accordingly, the Judicial Council instructed the Episcopal Committee to take no further action until the completion of the hearing, which was scheduled for some time today. Bishop Messiah accepted the explanation.

A motion was made and passed to adopt the combined report of the Episcopal Committee.

Connectional Department Reports

The Report of the Department of Church Growth and Development was made by retiring Executive Director Dr. James C. Wade.

Against the backdrop of many challenges across the global connection, the Department of Church Growth and Evangelism celebrates the following highlights: ✍The 2020 Annual Seminar on Church Growth ✍Certification Program for Evangelism ✍Certification Program for Chaplaincy ✍The 2021 Annual Seminar on Church Growth virtual meeting! ✍The Bishop Sarah Frances Davis Covenant

Keepers and Intercessors Connectional Prayer

Ministry led by Rev. Dorisalene Hughes ✍2021 Connectional Day of Prayer: A Virtual

Experience

Dr. Wade is retiring after sixteen years of service across the globe.

Appreciation and accolades were given to Dr. Wade for his exemplary service.

The full report is available on the AME GC202 app.

The Department of Global Witness and Ministry report was made by video presentation, which is available on the AME GC2020 app.

The Reverend George F. Flowers was the first executive director of this newly formed ministry at the General Conference in Cincinnati in 2000. After 21 years of service, the Rev. Dr. Flowers is retiring at the close of the General Conference.

Quadrennial Highlights: ✍Emergency and Humanitarian Disaster Response

Program ✍Programs and Partnerships with American Red

Cross and Church World Service trained 321 first responders and provided annual training for them. ✍Publication of “Handbook to Guide Disaster

Ministry” authored by Executive Director Flowers ✍Established Endowment Fund ...continued on p23

...From Report p22 for disaster relief totaling $362,416 ✍Provided hurricane and tsunami relief in the United

States and the Caribbean ✍Provided $352,992 in support to indigenous pastors in districts 14-20 ✍The Voice of MissionsMagazine providing a connection between districts 14-20 and those stateside

The motion to adopt the report was made by the president of the Council of Bishops, Rev. Dr. E. Anne Henning Byfield. She gave high commendations and appreciation to the Rev. Dr. Flowers for the care and concern he demonstrated to the 16th District where she presides.

The motion was seconded by Bishop John White, commission chair, who also gave high commendations and appreciation.

The motion carried. The full video report is found on the AME GC2020 app and on the African Methodist Episcopal Church YouTube channel.

Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie presented The Anvil report

Bishop Murphy McKenzie shared that The Anvil began in 2005 as stories from the perspectives of bishops of the church recalling traditions and historical moments. The goal was to provide content to the denomination and to raise funds for the AME Church.

The Anvil evolved from print editions into documentaries, including Echoes from the General Conference, Preaching on the Frontline, The Spirit of African Methodism, and AME Next.

A trailer for AME Next was played for the General Conference.

To date, the Council of Bishops has provided $150,000 in support. ✍AME colleges and universities ✍Disaster relief after hurricanes and earthquakes ✍Mother Emmanuel ✍Metropolitan AME Church

The Quadrennial Theme for the 2021-2024 Season was announced,

“Forward in Faith: The Post Pandemic Ministry”

The final presentation made by Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie was the presentation of $10,000 to the newest AME Seminary—Jacksonville Seminary in the 12th Episcopal District.

The full report can be found on the AME GC2020 app. ❏ ❏ ❏

REFLECTIONS ON THE MORNING BUSINESS SESSION

By Rev. Paula Lake, 11th Episcopal District

The Revisions Committee is another reminder of how rich our history and traditions are across the connectional church but are still and yet adjustable to our changing times while remaining relevant and effective.

Some of the highlights from the report:

Bill LCO04 – The Committee presented the AME Pulpit Altar Calendar. The rationale of this revision is to address the current ambiguity among the different Christian calendars, especially among other Christian denominations. The current reading in The Book of Discipline states that “the altar should be dressed with suitable clean, colored coverings.” The amended bill calls for churches to dress their pulpit and altar with colored coverings for the various seasons of the Christian year as prescribed by the African Methodist Episcopal Church seasonal calendar. Refer to Bill LCO04 for the AME Christian Seasons Color Calendar.

Bill MIN15 – The Renewal of the Love Feast – The rationale of this bill is that the Love Feast has lost its preeminence in churches today. The Love Feast, practiced in our AME churches since long ago, is a time to express our love for God, our intent to live out a holy life and to be in loving fellowship with our brothers and sisters in Christ. The water and bread symbolize purity and fellowship. This revision seeks to renew this ritual by encouraging pastors to conduct a Love Feast prior to Communion. Those who participate in a Love Feast should be invited to the first table at Communion when feasible. The bill was passed.

Bill JAO5 – Child & Youth Protection Background Checks Bill was presented with much discussion among both our stateside and overseas delegations. The amendment called for adult employees and volunteers beginning work with or already working with ministries with children and/ or youth or with organizations or agencies associated with the church that serve children and/or youth to have periodic national criminal background checks and training related to child protection policies and procedures. The discussion was focused on the frequency of background checks and the turnaround time and availability of the results, especially in our overseas countries. Recommendations were made to reduce the time frame from 2-year background checks to every year. Further debate was discussed on the securing of the background check results, whether it should be kept at both the Episcopal office and the local church. This bill was postponed so that further discussion about the policies and restrictions of background checks in each Episcopal district could be ascertained.

A final highlight of the morning Business Session was Bill GGBO8 – Change in frequency of The Christian Recorder. As we have witnessed this Quadrennial, The Christian Recorder is a consistent source of information and inspiration to the connectional church and beyond. The Revisions Committee presented the proposal for The Christian Recorder to be printed at least monthly instead of biweekly under the direction of the Commission on Publications of the General Board of the AME Church at the AME Sunday School Union. The bill was passed. ❏ ❏ ❏

RETIREMENT SERVICE FOR GENERAL OFFICERS AND BISHOPS

E

In the afternoon of July 9, the General Conference gathered to honor the retiring bishops and general officers who had “fought the good fight and finished the race” of their service to the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Persons retiring included:

The Right Reverend McKinley Young—109th Elected and Consecrated Bishop (deceased in 2019)

The Right Reverend Vashti Murphy McKenzie—117th Elected and Consecrated Bishop

The Right Reverend Gregory Gerald McKinley Ingram—118th Elected and Consecrated Bishop

Dr. Richard Allen Lewis, Sr.—Treasurer/CFO of the AME Church

Dr. George Francis Flowers, Sr.—Executive Director of the Department of Global Witness and Ministry

Dr. Jerome V. Harris—Executive Director of the Department of Retirement Services

Dr. James Carter Wade—Executive Director of the Department of Church Growth and Development

ho th M C an C D R of

Senior Bishop Adam J. Richardson presided over the service beginning the Call to Worship stating, “The Bible states that it be is appropriate for us to give honor where honor is due.” Together is the bishops represented 69 collective years of Episcopal service and th the general officers 84 collective years of service. The hymn for th the service was “How Great the Wisdom” also lined by the senior th bishop. The prayer was led by Bishop Stafford Wicker. bi

Due to the shortened General Conference service, the Ecumenical service could not be held and the following ecumenical E guests were recognized: Dr. Angelique Walker-Smith (Bread for the gu World); the Rev. Dr. Vanessee Burns (Christian Chapel Temple W of Faith, Dallas, Texas—Christian Methodist Episcopal Church); of the Rev. Michael McClain (National Religious Partnership for the th Environment), and Dr. James Salley (Africa University—United E Methodist Church). M

Dr. Jeffery B. Cooper, general secretary of the AME church, then formally presented each retiree to the General Conference. th Bishop E. Anne Henning Byfield introduced the preacher after B which the choir sang a medley of songs, “I’ve Got a Testimony” and w “Only What You Do for Christ Will Last.” Bishop James L. Davis “O preached the sermon, “This Is Your Season,” drawn from the text pr Ecclesiastes 3:1. In his message he recognized each retiree by name E and encouraged them to be in the seasons of rest, restoration, and an reassignment. Each retiree then came in turn to respond to the re message beginning with the general officers and then the bishops. m

Dr. Harris thanked his family and the AME Church for their support. Dr. Wade reflected on his journey and the absence of su his recently deceased wife and the difficulty of ending a journey hi without the person with whom he began it. Dr. Flowers reflected w on his pastorates and journey and reiterated his desire to still be of on service to the general church. Dr. Lewis reflected on the challenges se he faced but also the blessings he received along his journey. he

Dr. Deana Young McAllister gave the response for the Young family in honor of her father, Bishop McKinley Young. Bishop and fa Supervisor Ingram gave their reflections with a host of members of Su the First Episcopal District to receive them. Bishop McKenzie was th also warmly welcomed by members of the 10th Episcopal District al and many members of Delta Sigma Theta who were present. She an particularly recognized her husband Dr. Stan McKenzie who was pa unable to attend the General Conference but who had stood un beside her throughout her entire ministry. be

Announcements were given by Bishop Ronnie Brailsford and the benediction by Bishop Harry L. Seawright. th ❏ ❏ ❏