FRAMES: A CREATIVE URBAN VILLAGE Jonathan Pun MArch (ARB/RIBA Part II) University of Nottingham June 2019
SYNOPSIS The project proposes an urban village for creative communities. It seeks to create a city within a building, mixing programme across various levels and to develop complex interweaving of relations of living, working, production, and social life in specific urban contexts. The scheme is developed through exploring the five elements of an open form for developing a sustainable creative community: human scale urban form, mix of uses, porous edges, spatial flexibility and unfinished narrative. These elements offer potentials for robust intimate human interactions and the development of complex social networks that are conducive to creativity. The project is inspired by the urban spatial conditions observed in Shoreditch and several case studies. Creativity is not something that can be simply imported into the city on the backs of peripatetic computer hackers, skateboarders, gays, and assorted bohemians but must be organically developed through the complex interweaving of relations of living, working, production, and social life in specific urban contexts�. To develop this complex network of relations, it is imperative for architecture to propose spaces of hybridized occupancy and an open form to address the coexistence of diverse activities and uses within one space. In the era of knowledge economy, it is paramount for infrastructures to take an open form that empowers collaboration and collective creativity for knowledge production.
CONTENTS 01
Context Research The Creative Industry Case Study: Shoreditch Precedent Study : Tea Building Precedent Study : Frizz23 Precedent Study : Aufbau Haus
02
Site Context
03
Project Development Parti Programme Volumetric Analysis Massing Development Spatial Control Diversity
04
The Proposal Site Plan Plans Axo Sections Views Structural Strategy Environmental Strategy
01
Context Research The Creative Industry Case Study: Shoreditch Precedent Study : Tea Building Precedent Study : Frizz23 Precedent Study : Aufbau Haus
£1,824m £3,537m Others Design & Fashion 2% 4% £4,203m Architecture 5%
£8,237m Music 9%
Creative occupations outside the creative industries 35%
Creative occupations within the creative industries 35%
3.04m
£34, 704m IT, Software & Games 38%
jobs
1 in 11
£11,622m Publishing 13%
UK jobs
5%
year on year growth
Gross Value Added (GVA)
£91.8bn £12,312m Advertising 13%
Non-creative/support jobs within the creative industries 30%
£15,361m Film & TV 17%
Change in GVA 2010 - 2016
UK average
22.7%
2
Digital Creative industries
44.8%
a year (2016)
Over the last two decades, knowledge production in the form of creativity and innovation has been identified as the key driver for sustainable economic growth and prosperity. The advancement of knowledge technology, the introduction of cyber-physical systems, led to a rising trend in the development of technology-enabled platforms which usually emerged as start-up businesses. They often disrupt existing industry structures and create entirely new ways of consuming goods and services in the process. Google, Facebook, or more recently, Airbnb and Uber are vivid examples of these businesses which became global tech giants within a decade.
Technological advancement has created a new economic sector of growth and innovation based on knowledge production *Graph based on Clarke-Fischer sector model
3
CREATIVE CLUSTERS IN THE UK
% OF UK DIGITAL CREATIVE INDUSTRIES JOBS BY REGION 2016
7%
1%
7%
2% 5% 5%
3%
6% 8%
8% 16% 32%
High concentration High growth
JOB DENSITIES OF DIGITAL CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN INNER LONDON
CHALLENGES orr eC ativ
ROLE OF SMEs
Flexible & innovative
4
The
it Dig
re al C
r
ido
Rising Lack of rents affordable space
8% 32%
High concentration High growth
JOB DENSITIES OF DIGITAL CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN INNER LONDON
CHALLENGES orr eC ativ
ROLE OF SMEs
r
ido
e l Cr
Flexible & innovative
The
ita Dig
Rising Lack of rents affordable space
Active policy promoting TECH CITY to the east
Shoreditch has one of the highest concentrations of tech start-ups and digital creative industries in Europe. The digital transformation of many traditional creative industries in the 2000s has attracted a number of software companies, web designers and tech companies. The convergence of creativity and technology offers the combination of creative digital services and provides unlimited potential of entrepreneurship and start-up businesses (Foord, 2013). The thriving tech scene in the area was recognized by the government which launched a policy intervention in 2010 by naming the area as part of the Tech City, a strategy to further boost the development of tech firms to form a corridor further east to Stratford (GOV.UK, 2010). Shoreditch now forms part of the digital economy corridor which roughly runs from West End to Inner East London (see graph on the right). Although central and west London remain as the core of the city’s creative economy with high concentrations of creative firms and cultural infrastructure, the firms in Shoreditch have a unique role to play (Pratt, 2011). Many of the companies in the area tend to provide innovative services to the more established firms in central and West London, or even UK-wide and internationally (Pratt, 2011). The businesses in Shoreditch often portray an image of being risky, dynamic, able to respond faster and flexible and thus able to provide “out of the box” ideas and innovative services (Nathan, Vandore and Whitehead, 2012;
5
N
Inmarsat HQ
Amazon UK
KEY
LEGEND SMEs
International Firms
ICT Hackney
Digital Content Co-working Spaces
Islington
City of London
Tower Hamlets
Businesses Development
Data Source: Tech City Map http://www.techcitymap.com/index.html#/
THE CLUSTER The digital economy in the area is mainly supported by its “content� industries which include a variety of digitalized creative firms such as web advertising, e-commerce, mobile apps services etc. Many of these firms are small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which keep them mobile and flexible. The rich mix of businesses and expertise contributed to the robust creative cluster. 6
N
LEGEND Digital Creative Cafe / Bar / Restaurant Hotels / Meeting / Event Space Public Space Art School Cultural Venue Art Shop Transportation Node
THE MIX Work places of the digital creative industry are co-located with a variety of landuses within walking distances. The mix generates diversity by attracting different people and activities throughout the day. Cafes, bars and restaurants, act as community “anchor� points and serve as primary social spaces for knowledge sharing. The mix of land use is key in supporting the vibrant community. 7
Main Roads Semi-pedestrianized Streets
Street furniture reduces traffic speed and enhances walkability
High traffic roads are neighbourhoods dividers.
The micro public space was activated by social spaces.
THE HUMAN SCALE URBAN FABRIC Shoreditch consists of clusters of small building blocks interconnected by a network of permeable streets. The compact street pattern and spatial proximity eases movement between urban facilities and work places and prompts face-to-face human interactions. 8
The former industrial building is appropriated for workspaces with materiality, the architectural arch and even the title of the former occupant preserved.
The large windows featured in many old industrial buildings are re-used as the frontages of work spaces
Temporary architectural interventions in interstitial spaces provide playful and social opportunities.
New builds often uses simple architectural interventions Courtyards formed between buildings provide outdoor social spaces
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS The creative industry tends to re-develop old industrial buildings as their offices, studios, various work and leisure spaces using simple and low-cost approaches. High visual connection and spatial flexibility are common features in these industrial buildings. 9
Multiple light wells help provide natural lighting.
The rooftop clubhouse and leisure spaces offer a vibrant lifestyle in creative communities.
The robust concrete frame offers flexible unit sizes and spatial re-configuration.
Generous circulation spaces facilitate face-toface interaction and serendipity production.
AHMM
SIMPLE STRUCTURE
THE FOUND SPACE 1890 - 1999
Simple yet robust structural frame enables spatial flexibility.
Built in several phases in the 20th century, it was used as storage with open floorplates and four lightwells.
ORMS
SPLIT REFUBISHMENT 2001 The Building was acquired by Derwent London and was split for refurbishment by the architects, AHMM and ORMS.
PRECEDENT STUDY : TEA BUILDING The Tea Building is a popular site for creative industries. The success of the Building lies on its spatial flexibility and the rich mix of disciplines.
10
THE MIX 7/F
STRATEGY FOR CREATIVE COMMUNITIES 6/F
Porosity Spatial Flexibility Small Scale
5/F
Mix Of Uses Unfinished Narrative
4/F
3/F
2/F
KEY Art Architects Fashion Media Marketing Restaurant Shoreditch House (club house) Biscuit (coworking space) Others Storage
1/F
G/F
Lift Stairs
TEA BUILDING
TEA BUILDING
BISCUIT BUILDING
BISCUIT BUILDING
SHOREDITCH HOUSE
16-UNIT SPLIT 2002
9-UNIT SPLIT + BISCUIT 2003
LARGER UNITS + BISCUIT + S-HOUSE 2010
The simple refurbishment apprioach splitted the entire site into 16 units.
A new tenant, biscuit building, took one third of the entire site in the east.
Shoreditch House shared the floor plates with the Biscuit Building.
PRECEDENT STUDY : TEA BUILDING Using a low-cost and simple design strategy, the site allowed a continuous spatial reconfiguration over the course of 10 years, accommodating a variety of tenants. This made the place more than just a building but a complete city block offering a vibrant lifestyle to the creative workers. 11
STRATEGY FOR CREATIVE COMMUNITIES Porosity Spatial Flexibility Small Scale
Architects: Deadline Architects Location: Berlin Area: 9324 m²
Mix Of Uses Unfinished Narrative
Forum
Offices Creative economy Art
Good mixture of creative industries
timesharing
Seminar rooms
Gastronomy
small units
Mini-loft
Long-term use Short-term use Shared use Co-working
Mini-lofts
PRECEDENT STUDY : FRIZZ23 Frizz23 is a Berlin Kreuzberg’s cultural co-ownership project - a place for art, creative industries and education. By mixing large and small units, and opportunities for timesharing, FRIZZ23 provides an interactive framework for creative work within an inspiring environment. 12
12% Art 4% Gastronomy
15% Mini-loft
Teaching rooms
15% Retail
22% Creative industry
mixture
Ground floor street-facing cafe and restaurant
32 % Education
Roof Garden
Shared Facilities
STRATEGY FOR CREATIVE COMMUNITIES Porosity Spatial Flexibility Small Scale Mix Of Uses
Architects: Barkow Leibinger + Clarke und Kuhn Location: Berlin Area: 24,428 m²
Unfinished Narrative
Art supplies shop
Generous outdoor atrium encourages human interactions
Ground floor street-facing commercial spaces, restaurants and galleries.
Large openings increases porosity
The flexible, simple yet robust concrete framework offers varying room height requirements and individual configuration needs for creative industry tenants
PRECEDENT STUDY : AUFBAU HAUS The Aufbau Haus closes a gap in the city block at the southwest side of Moritzplatz in Berlin Kreuzberg. The project established a creative center combining cultural offerings like exhibitions, theater and club events with numerous retail entities and service suppliers in support of the creative sector. 13
02
Site Context
Total employment (lines)
40,000
600,000
35,000
500,000
30,000 25,000
Southwark
400,000
20,000
Lambeth
300,000
Wandsworth
200,000
15,000 10,000
100,000
5,000 0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0
The growth of digital creative sector in Lambeth is much slower compared to other boroughs in central London.
>50%
Over half of the digital creative industries in Lambeth are concentrated at the northern ward. Lambeth council has identified 3 objectives to
boost the digital creative sector: Provision of a variety of
1 affordable workspace 2 proximity
Creative and digital businesses need and work in
clusters
Provision of
3 various
types of
workspace
Distribution of creative industries employment in Lambeth, 2015
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTS 65+ 50 - 59
Ethnically diverse -
60% of the population
describe their ethnicity as other than white British
40 - 49 30 - 39 20 - 29 10 - 19 0-9 0
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2016 population age structure, Lambeth (bars) & Greater London (line)
16
Employment in London (bars)
Creative Industries and Digital Sector employment in Lambeth, 2009-15
FIGURE GROUND PLAN
TRANSPORT NETWORK
MAJOR ART VENUES
MAJOR INSTITUTIONS
DIGITAL CREATIVE INDUSTRY
AFFORDABLE WORKSPACES
For the last two decades, the CDIs have been spreading out from the core, traditionally clustered in Soho, towards inner-east (Shoreditch) and then moving further east into Tower of Hamlets, and south into Waterloo and Southwark. However, the growth of CDIs in Lambeth is much slower compared to other boroughs in central London. 17
COVENT GARDEN
Oxo Tower
IBM
National Theatre
BFI
King’s College
South Bank Centre BFI IMAX
Waterloo Station London Eye
Young Vic
Old Vic
WESTMINISTER Build Studios The Vaults
Health Foundry
Old Paradise Yard
St. Thomas’ Hospital Imperial War Museum
18
The areas in Southbank and Waterloo are thriving cultural districts, hosting a variety of important artistic events and home to many major institutions. The site is located on the edge of transition zones, from major cultural venues to the north to the smaller independent theatres to the south. Being on “edge�, the site has the potential in drawing a wide spectrum of communities and people for cultural and knowledge exchange.
CITY OF LONDON
Tate Modern
Advertising
Software
SOUTHWARK
Architects
Architects
Marketing
London South Bank University
The Clarence Centre
Technopark
Site
Major Institution
Digital Creative Community 19
E
R L AT YA THE O E R AL TH ION T NA
rs UK arte M u B I dq a He
I BF
AX IM
OO RL E T WA TION A ST
ET
RE
T LS
C
EL
R
P OU
NG
E TH
VI
U YO
LEGEND Site Cultural facilities Institutions Residential Offices Social spaces
20
Georgian terraced housing on Roupell Street
Victorian warehouses on the site
The materiality of the site is mainly yellow stock bricks, a characteristic of the pre-1850 buildings.
21
03
Project Development Parti Programme Volumetric Analysis Massing Development Spatial Control Diversity
CASE STUDIES
Aufbau Haus
Frizz 23
Tea Building
FIVE ELEMENTS OF AN OPEN FORM
Porous Edges
Spatial Flexibility
Unfinished Narrative
Mix Of Typologies
Human-scale Form
PARTI Project seeks to create a city within a building, mixing programme across various levels and to develop complex interweaving of relations of living, working, production, and social life in specific urban contexts. The scheme is inspired by the urban spatial conditions observed in Shoreditch and the case studies in the Tea Building, Aufbau Haus and Frizz23. 24
Shoreditch
THE FORUM
Cinemas
Art shops
CREATIVE HUB
Ideas
Breakout spaces
Story Dev.
Co-working
Technology Dev.
Script writing
Play zone
FILM ACADEMY
Galleries / exhibition
Café
Fabrication
Meeting
CREATIVITY
Seminars
Cast and Crew Principle photography
Drawing
Events
Video Production
Props Making
Photography
Cooking
CO-LIVING
PROGRAMME The programme mainly consists of four parts. (1) The Forum: a collection of public facilities encouraging knowledge sharing; (2) Film Academy: a school for young people to learn video production; (3) Creative Hub: provision of various sizes of affordable workspaces; (4) Co-living: provision of affordable living spaces for the community. 25
SMALL COMMUNITIES
1 - BEDROOM FLAT
CONCRETE STRUCTURAL FRAME
ENSUITE ROOMS
ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORK
CO-LIVING COMMON ROOM
3.3m 6.6m 3.3m
6.6
m
m
6.6
SPATIAL DIMENSIONS
GYM ROOM
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS A 6.6m concrete structural frame is adopted for providing the architectural framework to accommodate the diverse activities and flexible uses in the creative community. 26
SEMINAR ROOM
RECORDING STUDIO
MEETING ROOM
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO
CLASSROOM
SCREEN ROOM
CO-WORKING SPACE / OFFICE
GENEROUS CIRCULATION SPACE
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS The various spatial requirements were explored through the above models.
27
PROJECT AREA
THE STRUCTURE
SEPERATE BUILDINGS
INHABITATION OF COMMUNITIES
MERGING BUILDINGS
ACTIVATING COURTYARD
VIEW CORRIDORS
INTEGRATION INTO NEIGHBOURHOOD
MASSING DEVELOPMENT 28
FILM ACADEMY
APPEARANCE
SCREEN-WRITING VIDEO PRODUCTION
CREATIVE HUB
CORES
LABS STUDIOS CO-WORKING
CIRCULATION
CO-LIVING
ATRIUM INTERNAL STREET
EN-SUITE ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN
PUBLIC PROGRAMMES
SOCIAL SPACE
SHOP LIBRARY ART GALLERY
GYM SPORTS
BAR CAFETERIA
SPATIAL CONTROL 29
Shared facilities
Long-term lease
Co-working
Small units
Short-term lease
Large units
DIVERSITY By utilizing large amount of shared spaces, mixing large and small units, and provision of various lease conditions, the scheme actively supports diversity and providing constant stimulus. 30
31
04
The Proposal Site Plan Plans Axo Sections Views Structural Strategy Environmental Strategy
SITE PLAN Scale 1 : 2000 32
33
1. Shop 2. Cafe 3. Exhibition 4. Indoor cinema / auditorium 5. Film archive 6. Cafeteria 7. Bar 8. Kitchen 9. Play zone 10. Screen room 11. Classroom / Seminar room 12. Recording studio 13. Editing room 14. Soundstage 15. Outdoor cinema / amphitheatre 16. Sports ground 17. Utility 18. Storage
GROUND FLOOR PLAN Scale 1 : 400 34
35
1. Shop 2. Film library 3. GYM room 4. Art Gallery / Exhibition 5. Meeting room 6. Event / seminar room 7. Outdoor cinemat 8. Classroom / seminar room 9. Film academy faculty offices 10. Screenwriters room 11. Study room
FIRST FLOOR PLAN Scale 1 : 400 36
37
1. Coworking space 2. Shared pantry 3. Creative work space 4. Meeting room 5. Roof garden 6. Photography studio 7. Props making studio 8. Co-living reception 9. Co-living common area 10. Co-living ensuite rooms 11. Two bedroom flat 12. Laundry room 13. Utility 14. Office
SECOND FLOOR PLAN Scale 1 : 400 38
39
1. Coworking space 2. Shared pantry 3. Creative work space 4. Roof Garden 5. Atrium 6. Co-living common room 7. Co-living ensuite rooms 8. Two bedroom flat
THIRD FLOOR PLAN Scale 1 : 400 40
41
1. Creative work space 2. Shared pantry 3. Atrium 4. Roof Garden 5. Co-living common room 6. Co-living ensuite rooms 7. Two bedroom flat
FORTH FLOOR PLAN Scale 1 : 400
SHORT SECTION 42
43
1. Creative work space 2. Atrium 3. Roof garden 4. Studio 5. One bedroom flat
FIFTH FLOOR PLAN Scale 1 : 400
LONG SECTION 44
45
ACTIVITY / USES
USER
OPPORTUNITY
Residential
Business / job opportunity
Public
Sports
Skill learning / knowledge transfer
Student
Café / bar / restaurant
Inspiration
Creative worker
Entertainment
Socializing / networking
Co-working
Collaboration
Public lecture / Seminar
S CY ES N IN AGE S BU ING IS s RT nt E V de tu ent AD s to nd ns pe sio nde i e i ers mm co rt th mak ents o lm tal p p fi ct su ra att
Meeting Resources Retail Business Exhibition / movie screening Video production Education
RY NT NT E PA AINM T ER
T
EN
D
OR
SP
M UN GY RO G TS
Y ER M LL RIU A G TO R DI INA AU EM S
AR
46
T
OP IL TA SH RE LIES PP SU
OR DO A T OUINEM C
G
IN RK WOTUP CO TAR S
T G IN FLA LIV OM RO ED
G
KIN
S ES SIN UP U B RT A ST
MA PS DIO O PR STU
2B
G IN LIVED M CO AR ROO SH N O M M CO
ps Pro ork w art or
eo Vidon i t uc
od pr
ss
e sin
n
o ati or
p op
nit
tu
y
o /c
b lla
Bu
AR IN M SE OOM R
Y EM N ADCTIO C A M DU FIL PRO T OS
P
T R BA RAN NT U ME A ST IN RE RTA E T EN
ing rn ea tion l s c ill du ity sk ro un o pport e vidb op jo
RY RA IVE LIB RCH A ILM
F
s ce g ur so on Re d am ers s are u sh rious va
A CITY WITHIN A BUIDLING The scheme celebrates diversity and collaboration among a diverse background of people. The mixed programmes and uses provide a robust creative milieu for the development of a complex social network and the production of creativity. 47
ENTRAN 48
NCE VIEW 49
ATRIUM 50
M VIEW 51
52
53
CONSTURCTION SEQUENCE The structure is mainly constructed with pre-fabricated concrete components. This strategy is appropriate the project as the architectural framework composed of repetitive elements and forms. This also facilitates quick and easy construction process. 54
MATERIAL PALETTE
GRC light concrete GRC dark concrete
Timber battens
Wooden flooring
55
Detail 1
Detail 2
CONSTURCTION SECTION Scale 1 : 100 56
Detail 1 - Typical Timber Battens Facade Construction: 100mm timber battens Steel rail support system 25mm air cavity breather membrane 12mm SFS sheathing board 150mm mineral wool insulation between studs vapour control layer 25mm vertical timber battens 25mm air cavity for services; insulation 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard
Detail 2 - Ground Floor Construction: 20mm wood floor finishes 75mm screed containing heating pipe systems vapour control layer 50mm thermal insulation 270mm rigid insulation damp-proof membrane 250mm cast in-situ reinforced concrete slab 30mm insulation 50mm sand binding
57
AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU) DAYLIGHT Even daylight penetration in central atrium HIGH-PERFORMANCE ENVELOPE Insulation / airtightness ROOF GARDENS
Exposed concrete soffit
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
HIGH THERMAL MASS STACK VENTILATION
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY 58
59
A piece of work by the author for Architecture MArch (ARB/RIBA Part II) in the Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Author Jonathan Pun
Design Studio Tutor Katharina Borsi Mike Oades
Email smpun1017@gmail.com Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonathan-pun-1017/