2.4 Optimization of Design Variables

 Sensible heat gains from lighting and equipment 15W/m2 assumed. People 70W/person (8W/m2)  Latent heat gains 6W/m2

Office:

 Density 10 m2/person

 Temperature up to 27  Activity - sedentary  Sensible heat gains: from lighting and equipment 30W/m2. People 70W/person (8W/m2)  Latent heat gains 6w/m2

Assumed schedule for all zones 7am-6pm 100% occupation. That represents the worst

case scenario for highest possible heat gains as solar gains occur during daytime.

However, it is not accurate assumption for total energy consumption as occupation at

exhibition centre is very unlikely to be that high all the time and probably it would be

more occupied in the evening. There is possible variation in occupation in the library and

office as not all people spend all this time at the office.

Clothing: 1 clo

Lighting is 400 lux on all working plane. That represents worst case scenario and gives

room for improvements as individual task specific lighting.

2.4 Optimization of Design Variables

In order to optimize design variables as materials and shading used annual load table with

monthly averages were used and all values summed up i.e. all the values from Table 19

were summed up and compared in order to reduce total heat gains. Each variable was

treated separately that allows getting to the best result even if they contribute to reduce

the same gains e.g. shading and glazing both reduce direct solar gain but were treated

separately.