Translated Gravity Elisava_Advanced Design and Digital Architecture by Jon Thor Sigurdsson

ADDA

Advanced Design and Digital Architecture

TRANSLATED GRAVITY ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

LUAI KURDI & JON THOR SIGURDSSON CATENARY STUDY AND PROJECT ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

ADDA - Advanced Design Bio design laboratory

Form finding, Component Definition, System definition Algorithmic Proliferation, System definition Prototype Construction Digital Tectonics Mechatronics Control Engineering Operative Cartographies

Director

Lecturers

Jordi Truco

Professors

Roger Paezz Marcel Bilurbina Gorka de Lecea z Marilena Christodoulou Lorraine d Glober Nuria Coll

Sylvia Felipe - Geometry of Natural Patterns Jerome Vizoso - Research in Bioengineering Jordi Truco - Hypermembrane, Modular Complexity Javier Pena - Active Materials Passive Systems - Biomechanics of Materials Marc Burry - Scripting Cultures Mireia Ferrate - Cybernetics Mike wienstock - Architecture of Emergence

Team

Jon Thor Sigurdsson Luai Kurdi

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

n and Digital Architecture

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Genetic Vs. Generative

Generative drawings by Leonardo Solaas

In computer science, engineering, computational physics, molecular chemistry, statistics and applied probability, genetic algorithms are a class of interacting and nonlinear Monte Carlo methods to sample from complex high-dimensional probability distributions and to estimate their normalizing constants. Genetic particle algorithms approximate the target probability distributions by a large cloud of random samples termed particles or individuals. During the mutation transition, the particles evolve randomly around the space independently and to each particle is associated a fitness weight function. During the selection transitions, such an algorithm duplicates particles with high fitness at the expense of particles with low fitness which die. These genetic type particle samplers belong to the class of mean field particle methods. Generative design is a design method in which the output â&#x20AC;&#x201C; image, sound, architectural models, animation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is generated by a set of rules or an Algorithm, normally by using a computer program. Most generative design is based on parametric modeling. It is a fast method of exploring design possibilities that is used in various design fields such as Art, Architecture, Communication Design, and Product Design. Typically, generative design has: -A design schema -A means of creating variations -A means of selecting desirable outcomes Some generative schemes use genetic algorithms to create variations. Some use just random numbers. Generative design has been inspired by natural design processes, whereby designs are developed as genetic variations through mutation and crossovers. In contrast to long-established concepts such as Generative Art or Computer Art, Generative Design also includes particular tasks within the area of design, architecture, and product design.[clarification needed]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_Design https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_algorithm

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Antoni Caudí Common misconseption is that catenary and parabola curves are the same thing. The parabola was known to ancient Greeks, but not the catenary. The word catenary is derived from the Latin catena which means cadena, or chain in English. The catenary is also known as the chainette, alysoid, or hyperbolic cosine. The greatest advantage of the catenary is that when used inverted it can be applied to complex architecture buildings. Catenary arches are inverted catenaries. Inverted catenaries are very efficient in carrying heavy loads. The most famous work of Antoni Gaudí, and was initiated by him, obviously could not finish. At the age of 31 years took over the leadership of the works of this temple, after the resignation of the original architect Francisco de Paula Villar, when it was built a part of the underground crypt. Gaudí radically changed and replaced by a first draft very much more ambitious, original and daring that the original. Architecture, sculpture and symbolism are processed. The only part of the temple is built directly by Gaudi which includes the apse and the facade of the Nativity with its four towers, including the 1926 death at the age of 74 years was run over by a tram, there were only able to complete the without the pinnacles of three of them and the entire St. Barnabas. The facade of the Nativity has been declared Patrimony of Humanity by UNESCO. Much of the documentation on the projects Gaudí and implement ideas that thought in the temple of the Sagrada Familia, was destroyed during the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Moreover, the architect involved in every detail of construction and used to make adjustments on the fly, making it impossible to assume its wishes regarding the continuation of works. Being raised as expiatory temple and financed by the contributions of charity, often had to stop work for lack of funds. But now the Holy Family is the most visited monument in Spain. The payment of tickets to visitors and tourists is injecting abundant economic resources that significantly shorten the end of the temple.

http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Sagrada_Familia

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

FORM FINDING

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Single Chain - Anchor Chain length: 31.7 cm

14 cm

13.2 cm

12 cm

13.7 cm

10 cm

14.2 cm

8 cm

14.7 cm

6 cm

15 cm

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

4 cm

15.4 cm

2 cm

15.7 cm

Single Chain - Pulling

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

2 chains

4 chains

Chain length: 31.7

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW 14 cm

14 cm

10 cm

6 cm

10 cm

6 cm

2 cm

6 cm

2 cm

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

SIDE VIEW

Square vs. Circular Grid Arrangement

TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW

Square grid arrangement gives an interested unlinked option for a reverse structure but the circular nested arrangement has a much stable spread of weight and works more together in distributing the weight.

2 cm

4.8 cm 2.4 cm

2 cm

4.3 cm

10.9 cm

1.4 cm

3 cm 10 cm

0.5 cm

6.3 cm

Circular grid arrangment has a very even distribution of weight. we used 4 supporting chains and then 3 levels of reenforcement of chains

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Nested Chain Layering We made a nested chain arrangement with 5 layers of catenarys to observe the deformation in the lower level chains.

1 4 12

3 5 ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Algorithmic Proliferation

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Nested Chains Prototype We generated the chains in Kangaroo before measuring and constructing the chain model. By Generating the chains we could see the final result before we had the physical model in front of us.

18,34 cm

22 cm

4. Layer 3. Layer 2. Layer 1. Layer

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Mesh Study - Grid Variations In this study we attempted to understand various mesh behaviors under gravityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s effect. By observing the small changes of the grid closest to the point affected by gravity by additional weights and at the same time changes of the grid at farther radiusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. The study was made using both a positive and a negative value of gravity to compare between different configurations of the same structure. The aim of the

study is to choose the mesh option that would create a more global change in its body by the least amount of outer trigger; in this case addition weight. And as a conclusion the rectangular grid resulted in the most global changes in both positive and negative positions, and was used in further development and system generation.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Square grid mesh Grid arrangement with 2 points of rectraction. Each point contains 4 retracting lines that affects the whole mesh and creates a global change.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Prototype Simulation

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Prototype Construction

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Prototype Assembly

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Final Prototype aslækdfjalæskjdflæjasældkjfa

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Digital Tectonics

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Self-generative structure 30

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Grasshopper We generated the final prototype in grasshopper to see the possible movement and shape would give us with 3 retrating servos. 2 Servos are connected to 4 different 3D joints 1 Servo is connected to 3 different 3D joints

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

#include <Servo.h>

Grasshopper to arduino We used light sensor to emulate the heat and oxygen senorization that would be implimented on the full scale structure. Each motor has its own light sensor giving them seperate movement when approched. So when the sensor reads lower light emissions in the area its send the information to the servos that rotate, pulling on the strings inside the 3D printed joints and retracting the system. 3 x 9 gram Servo motors 3 x light sensors 1 Arduino H-Bridge controller 2 x 1K

Servo myServo; #define myServoservopin 9 #define Sensor A0 // setting up light sensor

myServo.write(180); // servo rotating c/clockwise

int Sensorvalue;

delay(3500); } else if(d == false) { Serial.println(Sensorvalue); Serial.println(“Active!”); myServo.write(0); // servo rotating clockwise

int minVal = 870; int maxVal = 975; int range; int interval; int Sensorvalue1; int Sensorvalue2; int Sensorvalue3; int Sensorvalue4; boolean state = false; boolean activate = false; boolean dir =false; void setup(){ range = maxVal-minVal; interval = range/3; Sensorvalue1 = minVal+20; Sensorvalue2 = minVal+interval; Sensorvalue3 = minVal+interval; Sensorvalue4 = maxVal; //Defining range for the sensor taken from the readings myServo.attach(myServoservopin); myServo.write(83); //for midpoint so that there is no rotation at the initial position Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(“Inactive!”); Serial.println(Sensorvalue);

} void loop(){ Sensorvalue = analogRead(Sensor); Serial.println(Sensorvalue); //if else condition if (Sensorvalue > Sensorvalue1 && Sensorvalue < maxVal) { activate = true; } else{ activate = false; } if (activate) changeState(dir); else myServo.write(83); ; }

void changeState(boolean d){ if(d == true){ Serial.println(Sensorvalue); Serial.println(“Active!”);

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

}

delay(3000);

dir = !dir; // the time delay that the servo would keep rotating in that direction is set according to the screw we are using }

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Mechatronics

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Images of the actuators

Actuator Study Hydraulic A hydraulic actuator consists of a cylinder or fluid motor that uses hydraulic power to facilitate mechanical operation. The mechanical motion gives an output in terms of linear, rotary or oscillatory motion. Because liquids are nearly impossible to compress, a hydraulic actuator can exert considerable force. The drawback of this approach is its limited acceleration. Pneumatic Pneumatic energy is desirable for main engine controls because it can quickly respond in starting and stopping as the power source does not need to be stored in reserve for operation. Pneumatic actuators enable large forces to be produced from relatively small pressure changes. These forces are often used with valves to move diaphragms to affect the flow of liquid through the valve. It is responsible for converting pressure into force. Electric An electric actuator is powered by a motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical torque. The electrical energy is used to actuate equipment such as multiturn valves. It is one of the cleanest and most readily available forms of actuator because it does not involve oil. Thermal or magnetic (shape memory alloys) Actuators which can be actuated by applying thermal or magnetic energy have been used in commercial applications. They tend to be compact, lightweight, economical and with high power density. These actuators use shape memory materials (SMMs), such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) or magnetic shape-memory alloys (MSMAs).[1] Some popular manufacturers of these devices are Finnish Modti Inc. and American Dynalloy. Mechanical A mechanical actuator functions by converting rotary motion into linear motion to execute movement. It involves gears, rails, pulleys, chains and other devices to operate. An example is a rack and pinion. Electro-mechanical actuators A miniature electro-mechanical linear actuator where the lead nut is part of the motor. The lead screw does not rotate, so as the lead nut is rotated by the motor, the lead screw is extended or retracted.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Servo motors v Servo Motors are very lightweight and strong for pulling the string through the 3D printed rods. We used a 9 gram micro servo motor that only had 90 rotation that posed a problem for our design. So we opened up the servos and started cutting away and reajusting the potentiometer so the servo would rotate 360째 and pull properly on the string inside of the retractable pieces.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Control Engineering

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Sun Shader panels Sun Shader panels can work with the retractable system and and be open or closed in full retracted position and expanded position aswell. The panels could be operated with muscle wire that would be controlled with electric power. Panel material would be elestic for the retractable shape memory alloy to pull og the tip away from the center of the unit. Each unit has 8 panels in a triangular and diamond shape for them to be able to interlock when retracted.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Sensorization and protocol Sun Shader panels

Co2

Low Mid

High

Retractable system

Air openings

Low Mid

High

Medium

Temperature

Low

System works in intervals with the temperature inputs

Medium Co2 inputs

System works in intervals with the

High Mid

Low

Air pockets are closed and sun shaders let in the radiation thats needed to heat the space.

System relaxes and stops breathing in air allowing the sun shaders to control the heating

System inhales the air from the outsideand breathes it into the space and sun shader panels let in a small amount of light.

High

System inhales the air from the outsideand breathes it into the space and sun shader panels allow for a small amount of light to pass through.

3-5m

1,8 m

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Sensorization and protocol Grasshopper tests in grasshopper to show the movement and protocol of the light sensor triggering the servo motors to retract and show the global change that occurs.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Sys

Volume change - Single unit stemVolume 1 Volume capabilities change is extreme when looking into whole system together but the a single unit is capable of alot of volume change depeding on the length and size of each connection pieces and rod connections

System is split up in two different units, negative and positive catenary. Volume Capabilities: Very low

Retractable system is always next to a rigid system so it continues the flow of the catenarys forming in the sealing.

Rigid Structure Open areas Volume change

Moving system / + Gravity Retractable system

System buffer / - Gravity Rigid structure

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Control Engineering

Operative Cartographies

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Location Scouting After studying the La Sagrera site, we became interested in this specific triangular zone, where three different zones merge together. Sant andreu, sant marti and el bon pastor ( and industrial region). And in this site we were drawn to the visibility characteristic that was very dominant in this part. Both visibility towards this site, and visibility from the site. And further on our focus was to maximize visibility from the site towards the outer areas. In addition the presence of the metro was a major factor of introducing a structure in this part of La Sagrera. This structure in this triangle would act as a channel for interaction between the different three zones and will connect them more and more.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Wind Direction Analysis Wind direction distribution in (%) MONTHS

January North

NNW

February

NNE

NNW NE

WNW West

East

WSW

ESE

South

West

East

WSW

ESE SW

SSE

North

NNE

NNW NE

WNW

East

WSW

ESE SW South

North

ESE SW

NNW

East

WSW

ESE SW

SE SSE

East ESE SW

NNE

WNW West

East

WSW

ESE SW

SE South

SSE

December NNW

West WSW

ESE SW

SE SSW

South

SSE

NNE

East

SOUTH

SSE

NNW

North

SE SSW

SE South

ESE SW

ENE

WSW

East

SSW

WNW

EAST

WSW

WEST

West

NNE

ENE

10 5

NNE

November North

WNW

ENE

SSE

NW ENE

North

NNE

SSE

WNW

SE South

South

SSW

NNW

NNE

WSW

SSW

ESE SW

ENE

SSE

NW ENE

West

North

WSW

NNW

August

West

NORTH

East

SSW

WNW

October

NNE

North

Year

NE ENE

SSE

East

South

Wind direction distribution in (%)

NNE

West

NNW NE

SSW

WNW

ESE

NNE

WSW

South

WSW

North

WNW

July

West

SSE

SSW

East

ENE

September NNW

West

SSW

WNW

NNW NW ENE

SSE

NW ENE

West

North

NNE NE

June

SSW

South

April

WNW

SE SSW

North

NW ENE

May NNW

NNW NE

WNW

SE SSW

March

NNE

NW ENE

North

WNW

Wind strenght in Beaufort scale (%)

ENE

West

East

WSW

ESE SW

SE SSW

South

SSE

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

JAN

FEB

MAR APR MAY JUN

JUL

AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Empty Plots

Empty Plots + Greenery

Areas of interest

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Connections

Visability Analysis Visability analysis from the site is divided by color range, dark red meaning the lowest visability area and the light pink meaning higher visability area

0 - 20 m

20 - 40 m

40 - 60 m

60 - 100 m

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100 - 1000 m

0 - 20 m

20 - 40 m

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

40 - 60 m

60 - 100 m

100 - 1000 m

Generative rules

Generative rules are derived from our mapping parameters of La Sagrera area. The south side of our structure has the most potential beeing connected to 2 ramblas and the Once de setembre metro.

North Anchor points on all platforms

Middle area has to have negative catenarys to have a continues flow of our outer structures. East side will be used least with the market arrangement and more connected to the parkland area North structure is the second most utilized area with the ouside market.

- / + Gravity

Description

North & South Platform generates negative and posative catenary

Middle platform always negative gravity catenary South platform generates negative catenary to the North platform Eastern platform contains only positive catenary

South

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Platform variation 1

Platform variation 2

Anchor points Visability points

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Platform variation 4

Platfrom variation 3

Anchor points Visability points

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Final Development

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Final Generative Structure in this generative alternative the focus of generating the structure was shifted from occupying the visibility zones into following the lines that created those zones thus the base planes that were used to generate the structure were following the lines as seen in the Figure. And according to the topography conditions negative meshes were created to merge with the surrounding terrain to create a seamless continuous ground condition from the natural to the generated form. In this case visibility was maximized in terms of users could use both sides of a single structure to achieve a visible connection towards the outside.

WEST

SOUTH

TOP

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Prototype construction In the constructed prototype a space frame created to support the generated form was fabricated using 3d printed joints and transparent plastic pipes. The base was fabricated using CNC milled foam. And finally the inner membrane was created with a CNC generated foam and paper. Each 3D joint has different angle direction of its rod for the corresponding pipe to go to the correct direction. The pipes also each have different length variation so each pipe had to be categorized to its position on the prototype and put to its correct location.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Prototype Breakdown

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Prototype Render

Plastic sheet

3D printed pieces

CNC Mold Plexiglass window wall

CNC Foam

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ELISAV

VA - Escola Superior de Disseny

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Area Program z

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Final Prototype

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture

Course Conclusions

This course has give us a new perspective on approaching a design or arcitecture project. To look at the project in its whole and also in detail at the same time while keeping an open mind to find solutions and fix problems that occur with generative simulation and construction. The catenary system has been around for a long time and has been researched and experimented with alot. Translated catenary was born from our interest in researching and experimenting with the system in its basic from with gravity.

ELISAVA_Master in advanced design and digital architecture