What is a Gerund and Infinitive?
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THE GERUND AND INFINITIVE
USE
Basic Studies
GRAMMAR RULES
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WELCOME ello to all who read the magazine, great pleasure. My name is José Antonio Añez, I am a student of Systems Engineering, currently in the 3rd semester at the "Santiago Mariño" Polytechnic University Institute. I am 18 years old, I am passionate about recreation and everything related to health (both human and animal), I am a very adventurous person, and backpacker, I am not afraid of life, she has taught me to be stronger every day and better person. My goal as a person is to graduate as an engineer and be an obstetrician. Through the magazine, I want to collect the necessary information about "The infinitives and gerunds" to expand my knowledge and help through this material to others to expand their knowledge, and thus achieve the objective given by my English teacher. I hope it is to your liking, and enjoy it. I leave.
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Hola a todos los que leen la revista, mucho s gusto. Mi nombre es José Antonio Añez, soy estudiante de Ingeniería de Sistemas, actualmente en el 3er semestre en el Instituto Universitario Politécnico "Santiago Mariño". Tengo 18 años, me apasiona la recreación y todo lo relacionado a la salud (tanto de humanos como animales), soy una persona muy aventurera, y mochilera, no le tengo miedo a la vida, ella me ha enseñado a cada día ser más fuerte y mejor persona. Mi objetivo como persona es graduarme de ingeniero y ser médico obstetra. Por medio de la revista, quiero lograr recolectar la información necesaria acerca de "Los infinitivos y gerundios" para ampliar mis conocimientos y ayudar por medio de este material a otros a ampliar su conocimientos, y así lograr el objetivo dado por mi profesor de Inglés. Espero sea de su agrado, y la disfruten. Me despido.
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and Infinitive? A
gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. It can be tricky to remember which verbs are followed by the infinitive (the to form) of the verb and which are followed by the gerund (the ing form) of the verb.
Test your knowledge
Try to remember that: Gerunds are often used when actions are real, fixed, or completed. "I enjoy cooking." Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future: "He wants to swim." Sometimes the use of a gerund or an infinitive can change the meaning of a sentence. Can you explain the difference between these two sentences? Leave your answer in the comments area. "I remembered to take umbrella." "I remembered taking umbrella."
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We use gerunds (verb + ing) After certain verbs - I enjoy singing After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving
We use 'to' + infinitive After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early
We use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without 'to') After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early
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The Gerunds and Infinitives
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The Gerunds and Infinitive
Rule 1: Gerunds can be used as a subject of a sentence.
Rule 2: Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as objects of a sentence.
Rule 5: Only gerunds are used after prepositions (with one exception).
Rule 3: Infinitives should be used after many adjectives.
Rule 4: Only infinitives are used after sentence objects that are nouns or pronouns referring to a person.le 3: Infinitives should be used after many adjectives.
The exception “But” is a short word that connects two clauses of a sentence together. It is called a conjunction. Sometimes, “but” can also play a role of a preposition. When “but” is used as a preposition, it is the same in meaning as “except.”
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RULE 1 Take a look at some examples.
RULE 4 “We asked her not to go.”
Walking is good for your health. Making friends has become more difficult since I moved to a new city.
In this sentence, “we” is the subject, “asked” is the verb and “her” is the objective form of the pronoun “she.” You must use an infinitive (“to go”), never a gerund, after direct and indirect objects referring to people.
Here, the gerunds (in bold) are part of the sentence subjects (“walking,” “making friends”). All two sentences sound like normal, everyday English. You may say:
RULE 2
“I enjoy drawing.” You may also say: “Yesterday, I decided to draw.” Both sentences are correct, but one has an infinitive as the object and the other has a gerund as the object. RULE 3 Here are two sample sentences that will help to illustrate this rule: 1. - It is not easy to graduate from university. 2. - It is wonderful to have close friends. When you describe something with an adjective, an infinitive should follow. Using gerunds here would be incorrect. 12
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The Gerunds and Infinitive
RULE 5 Consider this sentence: I talked him out of taking that job. Here, the gerund “taking” follows the preposition “of.”
Put the verb into either the gerund (-ing) or the infinitive (with 'to'):
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Hel p ( ING - TO) t o reach t he goal . And t hen f orm a prayer wi t h each one
Answers 1: ________________ 2: ________________ 14
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The use of the infinitive and the gerund
The use of the infinitive (I would like to travel) and the gerund (I like traveling) in English is a common source of problems among students. Probably because the two structures are translated into Spanish with the same structure (I would like to travel / I like to travel), therefore the natural tendency of the students is to over-use the infinitive in English. The other problem is that the use of one form or another depends, to a large extent, on the type of verb they accompany (would like + infinitive; like + gerund) and for that there is a list of verbs that require an infinitive and verbs that demand a gerund that has to be memorized. Today we will see the general rules of the use of the infinitive and the gerund in English.
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The infinitive Used: 1. After some verbs like: would like, agree, decide, choose, plan, refuse, hope, want, manage etc. I want to become a teacher. 2. After adjectives: I'm happy to see you again. 3. To express an objective or why we are doing an action: I'm here to study English. // I have come to help you. Remember that it is NOT correct to say * I'm here for to study English. Important: the negative form of the infinitive is "not + infinitive": I'm happy not to see you again. The gerund Used: 1. After some verbs: deny, avoid, can not help, like, dislike, enjoy, mind, keep on, suggest, finish etc. I have finished doing his homework. 2. After a preposition (usually it is about verbs or adjectives with mandatory preposition): I'm interested in learning English. // I'm fond of playing tennis. Remember that in this category also comes the typical formula of the end of an email or a letter: I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. In this construction, "to" is a preposition. 3. When the verb is the subject of the sentence: Smoking is dangerous for your health. Important: the negative form of the gerund is "not + gerund": I enjoy not doing anything on holiday. The Gerunds and Infinitives |
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THE GERUND AND INFINITIVE
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