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Target 5
IMPORTANT PLANT AREAS AROUND THE WORLD
of the
CBD Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Successes & case studies in implementing the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)
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Acknowledgements Plantlife International would like to thank the following organisations for their assistance in preparing this report, and for information on the projects on which it is based – Algeria University of Sciences and Technology; Bhutan Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan; China Kunming Institute of Botany (CAS), Yangzhou University; Egypt Tanta University; Ethiopia & Eritrea National Herbarium (ETH), Addis Ababa University & IUCN/SSC Global Trees Specialist Group; Falklands Islands Falklands Conservation; Israel Hebrew University of Jerusalem; India Applied Environmental Research Institute (AERF) & Pragya; Japan Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation Bureau; Jordan University of Jordan; Lebanon American University of Beirut & Lebanese University; Libya Alfateh University; Mexico The National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) & the National Commission of Protected Areas (CONANP); Madagascar Missouri Botanical Garden; Morocco Forest Research Centre & The Scientific Institute of Rabat; Mozambique Universidade Eduardo Mondlane; Namibia National Botanical Research Institute (NRBI); Oman Oman Botanic Garden, Muscat; Pakistan WWF Pakistan & Government Postgraduate Jahanzeb College; Palestine Al Quds University; Philippines National Museum of the Philippines; Saudi Arabia Saudi Wildlife Commission; Seychelles Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles; Syria The Syrian Society for the Conservation of Wildlife; Turks & Caicos Islands Imperial College London and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Tunisia Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie; Yemen Agricultural Research and Extension Authority(Taiz); International and regional organisations – Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (part of the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh); IUCN; IUCN Office for Mediterranean Cooperation; IUCN Mediterranean Islands Specialist Group; Missouri Botanical Garden; WWF Medpo
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Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf (Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity) Important Plant Areas (IPAs), championed by Plantlife International, provide a backbone for implementing Target 5 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity. A growing number of countries apply the IPA guidelines and criteria to identify sites of exceptional botanical importance. The programme has brought together government and non-government stakeholders botanical experts, conservation practitioners and local communities to focus on the conservation of plants and their habitats. I congratulate all the national IPA teams as well as Plantlife for the significant progress they have made over the last ten years. I also congratulate them for producing this publication as a contribution to the International Year of Biodiversity and COP10, which will be held in Nagoya, Aichi prefecture, Japan in October 2010 and will be preceded by a high-level segment of the UN General Assembly attended by heads of state and devoted to biodiversity. Prof. John Donaldson (Chairman of the IUCN Plant Conservation SubCommittee) I am delighted that so many botanical and mycological specialists from IUCN’s Species Survival Commission have helped to identify Important Plant Areas across the world and are engaged in promoting their conservation. Data from the IUCN Red List programme is a significant aid to IPA identification and in turn IPA projects have stimulated new national level initiatives that assess the conservation status of plant species. Both the Red Lists and IPAs provide important information to support and improve conservation efforts. The Important
Plant Areas methodology can accommodate data from a variety of sources and this means that it can be used to identify priority sites for plants in any country, despite differences in the resources available. This is evident in the numerous countries where the IPA methodology has been successfully applied, from the UK to Mozambique.
Dr. Marco Lambertini (Chief Executive, BirdLife International) BirdLife International is pleased to have supported the Important Plant Area programme from its inception. IPAs, along with Important Bird Areas, are crucial components of the Key Biodiversity Area network - sites of global significance for biodiversity conservation. From our experience, directories of such sites are a formidable tool to guide governments, private sector, investment banks and donor institutions in order to avoid adverse impact of development projects on priority sites and species, and to direct conservation funding towards clearly defined priorities. BirdLife hopes that all Key Biodiversity Areas will become a recognised focus for increased conservation activity in the coming years. Congratulations to Plantlife International for this remarkable work. Text by Seona Anderson & Elizabeth Radford Editorial comments by Joanna Bromley & Luke Morton Maps prepared by Beth Newman & Anna McBride Design by timjulierdesign Front cover image: Wildflowers on Table mountain in Cape Town, South Africa © Louis Hiemstra/iStockphoto Citation: Plantlife 2010, Important Plant Areas Around the World: Target 5 of the CBD Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Plantlife International. Salisbury, UK. Copies of this report can be downloaded from the Plantlife International website (www.plantlife.org.uk)
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Executive summary: IPAs around the world • IPA teams in 66 countries from across the globe are engaged in IPA projects: countries with diverse ecological conditions and data availability. Their work can provide a template for other countries to identify and conserve IPAs. • Governments across the world have committed to identifying and protecting their most important plant areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Criteria and many additional tools for identifying and conserving sites already exist - now is the time to act to conserve these priority sites! Important Plant Areas (IPAs) are internationally significant sites for wild plants and threatened habitats. Identified at a national level, they provide a framework for implementing target 5 of the CBD Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (ensuring the protection of at least 50% of important areas for plants) and are a vital tool in conserving wild plants and their habitats in situ. Global criteria for identifying IPAs were published in 2004 and are based on 3 criteria: threatened species (A), species richness (B), threatened habitats (C). In several countries Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are also being
identified which include priority plant sites (Langhammer et al, 2007). The IPA projects in this report highlight the range of methodological tools available and also some key factors in IPA identification and conservation – the fundamental role of local experts, a participatory approach, and raising awareness and engagement among local communities. Governments committed to this target in 2002 and, although there has been progress much more needs to be done. Experts in many countries have prepared the groundwork but need the support of government and international donors. A relatively small investment of money will provide invaluable data for prioritising conservation action. Important Plant Areas are not an optional extra. In many countries they support the livelihoods of many of the world’s poorest people and in all countries they provide undervalued services such water and flood control, carbon capture, the prevention of desertification and a reservoir of genetic and species diversity. The projects highlighted in this report illustrate the range of organisations and individuals who are taking the lead in identifying and conserving the world’s most important sites for plants . We hope that these case studies will inspire others to identify their IPAs and encourage governments and donors to play their part in conserving the diversity of plant life of earth and all the other forms of life which reply on wild plants and their habitats. 1 We have tried to include information on all projects that we are aware of, however, if there are omissions we will be happy to update the information on our website. If you have information on IPA/target 5 projects not covered by this report please send the details to Seona Anderson (seona.anderson@plantlife.org.uk)
Important Plant Areas are not an
optional extra
Important Plant Areas around the World
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IPAs in Africa and the Middle East IPAs in Ethiopia & Eritrea
IPAs in Madagascar
Researchers are actively looking for funds to prepare a Conservation Atlas for the Threatened Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. This is project will help to conserve one of Africa’s most floristically diverse regions, with its c.6000 plant taxa, several hundred endemic species, and native populations of economically important plants and their relatives.
This plant-rich island contains about 8.8 million hectares of primary forest and through the Durban Vision Process there are plans to triple the current protected area system up to 6 million hectares of land managed for conservation purposes. From 2001-4 Missouri Botanical Garden analysed data on 1,200 endemic plant species to identify 80 priority sites for plant conservation (PAPC). In the course of a current project on wild plants for food and medicine, 166 IPAs have been identified using the PAPC sites, KBA data and a review of the protected area system, and data are being analysed on 1,000 threatened species to update the list. 48 of the IPAs are currently protected with 30 more under review, which will bring the total of IPAs under legal protection to 78 (46%). There is less information on management at sites and future mechanisms to conserve these sites must include community involvement and on the ground conservation.
The expected outputs of this project include an atlas of threatened flora, with IUCN Red List status and recovery plans; the identification of a network of Important Plant Areas; capacity building for researchers; and awarenessraising and community projects in and around the IPAs. Work has already been completed on a preliminary assessment of 596 endemic plants of Ethiopia (Vivero et al., 2006), IUCN species assessments are being prepared for c.629 taxa, and the Red List of Endemic Trees and Shrubs (135 taxa) of Ethiopia & Eritrea has been published (Vivero et al, 2005) Coordinating organisations: National Herbarium (ETH), Addis Ababa University (www.aau.edu.et) and the IUCN/SSC Global Trees Specialist Group (www.globaltrees.org)
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Important Plant Areas around the World
Coordinating organisations: Missouri Botanical Garden (Priority Areas for Plant Conservation 2001-2004) and analysis of endemic and threatened plants (www.mobot.org); in collaboration with BGCI (www.bgci.org), Conservation International (www.conservation.org) and Madagascar Plant Specialist Group (www.iucn.org) for IPAs within the Wild Plants for Food and Medicine Project.
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IPAs in the Arabian Peninsula This project was initiated by the IUCN Arabian Plant Specialist Group to establish a coordinated IPA programme in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq & Qatar. Currently the project is focusing on Saudi Arabia, Oman & Yemen. Criteria for the Arabian region have been published which specifically include relict species and refugia for connectivity and climate change mitigation (AlAbbasi et al., 2010). As well as identifying IPAs in the region, it is hoped that the project will stimulate the production of Red Lists (national and Arabian) and the development of a standardised list of threatened habitats for the region. The project has identified potential IPAs through existing data and has been focussing on field surveys in these areas. The first detailed IPA site report in Arabia has now been published for Jabal Qaraqir in Saudi Arabia (Llewellyn et al, 2010). There is a strong focus on practical conservation planning for IPAs, which includes targeting traditional protected areas (himas in Saudi Arabia, hamiyah in Oman) for inclusion in the network.
Jabal Bura, Yemen: Matthew Hall
Coordinating organisations: Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (part of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh)(www.rbge.org.uk); Saudi Wildlife Commission (Saudi Arabia)(www.ncwcd.gov.sa); Oman Botanic Garden (Muscat, Oman); Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (Taiz, Yemen); IUCN Arabian Plants Specialist Group (www.iucnarabianpsg.org/)
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IPAs in North Africa & the Middle East
IPAs in Southern Africa
IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Plantlife International and WWF have begun a project to identify Important Plant Areas in the south and east Mediterranean region with country experts from Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria and Tunisia 128 preliminary IPAs were identified and mapped in 2009. This preliminary list will be expanded in 2010 and further information on the species and habitats present on these sites, the threats to the plant diversity and opportunities for its conservation will be collated and published.
IPA criteria and methodology for the Southern African Region were debated by regional experts at a workshop organised by SABONET (South African Botanical Network) and the results reported (Important Plant Areas in Southern Africa. Combined proceedings of workshops held in Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa, 2005).
Iris haynei: Banan Al-Sheikh
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Namibia: national and regional experts debated the data sources, selection criteria, future protection and management of IPAs at a workshop in 2004 (Hofmeyer, 2004) producing a provisional list of 39 IPAs. The list included preliminary site maps in ArcView, based on sources including threatened species data, vegetation maps, the Namibian Tree Atlas project, centres of endemism and diversity, and expert opinion. This workshop also debated the possibilities for future protection and funding and the involvement of local communities in management planning and monitoring. More resources are needed to continue and develop this project. Coordinating organisation: The National Botanical Research Institute (www.nrbi.org.na)
Argyrocytisus battandieri: Pedro Regato
Coordinating organisations: Algeria (University of Sciences and Technology www.usthb.dz), Egypt (Tanta University www.tanta.edu.eg), Israel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem www.huji.ac.il), Jordan (University of Jordan www.ju.edu.jo), Lebanon (American University of Beirut www.aub.edu.lb, Lebanese University www.ul.edu.lb), Libya (Alfateh University), Morocco (Forest Research Centre ; Scientific Institute of Rabat www.israbat.ac.ma), Palestine (Al Quds University www.alquds.edu), Syria (The Syrian Society for the Conservation of Wildlife), Tunisia (Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie www.iresa.agrinet.tn), IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation (www.iucn.org), WWF MedPo (www.panda.org), IUCN Mediterranean Islands Plant Specialist Group (www.iucn.org/ssc/medislandplant), Plantlife International (www.plantlife.org.uk)
Mozambique: a preliminary list of 28 IPAs was identified at a workshop in 2004 by national and regional experts from a range of organisations. An assessment of the data reliability and the conservation priority of the sites was included in the list. The sources for identifying IPAs included the Southern African Plant Red Data Lists (2002), preliminary checklists of Mozambique, the PRECIS database, soil maps and expert opinion. High priority sites include Chiperomi, Namuli, Mabu, Moribane, the northern coastal forests, Quiterajo, Palma, Quirimbas, Serra Choa, and Bobole. Coordinating organisation: Universidade Eduardo Mondland (www.uem.mz)
Important Plant Areas around the World
A Bottlebrush Tree in the Drakensberg (Dragon-mountain), South Africa: Jurie Maree/iStockphoto.
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IPAs in the Americas, Caribbean and Atlantic IPAs in the Turks & Caicos Islands
Priority plant sites in Mexico
A recent research project into identifying and conserving IPAs in the Caribbean employed an innovative range of scientific techniques and community involvement initiatives. The aim of the project was to develop a methodology which could be used in these islands and replicated in similar regions.
An assessment of the gaps and omissions in conservation within the protected area system was carried out in 2007, using 214 threatened species from the Mexican Red List (2001), 12 plant families and 68 vegetation types considered critical because of low coverage.
There were three main scientific methods used: habitat suitability modelling which assesses species potential distribution; IUCN Red List assessment for targeted species; the response of a species to disturbance which can facilitate recommendation for IPA conservation and mitigation of threats at IPAs. Fundamental to the project was the inclusion of a range of stakeholders and local communities in identifying IPAs and raising awareness of the importance of the wild plants and their sites.
The area of these priority plant sites covers 39% of the country with c.17% considered high priority. The priority sites identified differed from previous assessments and more data is needed, particularly on species distribution, to refine these results. This project was carried out in parallel with an assessment of the protected area network (Mexican gap analysis) using numerous biodiversity elements and is part of a wider programme to develop conservation projects as part of the Mexican Strategy for Plant Conservation.
Six IPAs were identified based on three endemic species assessments. Conservation threats and recommendations were also recorded for the sites. This study has great potential for stimulating further IPA identification in many environments with similar data availability issues.
Coordinating organisations: The National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) (www.conabio.gob.mx) in collaboration with the National Commission of Protected Areas (CONANP) (www.conanp.gob.mx)
Coordinating organisation: Imperial College London (www3.imperial.ac.uk) and Royal Botanic Garden Kew (www.kew.org) (MSc Thesis by Sophie Williams)
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IPAs in the Falkland Islands This remote archipelago in the South Atlantic has 173 native plant species, including 13 endemic species such as vanilla daisy (Leucheria suaveolens) snake plant (Nassauvia serpens) and Falkland rock-cress (Phlebolobium maclovianum). Five of the species are globally threatened. The dominant habitats are acid grasslands, dwarf shrub heath and coastal habitats. Major threats to the native flora come from soil erosion, agriculture (overgrazing and other), invasive plants, human disturbance (including recreational off-roading), chance natural events and genetic erosion. Funded by the UK Overseas Territories Environmental Programme and working in collaboration with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Falklands Conservation’s IPA project has identified 19 candidate international IPAs across the islands. Targeted, standardised, geo-referenced population and habitat data, gathered over two years were analysed in conjunction with historical inventories in order to assess sites against IPA criteria. In the process threatened species and habitat Action Plans have been written and updated. The Falkland IPA site data are now being used for the development of a wider plant conservation strategy for the long term protection of threatened native and endemic flora through sustainable management and/ or protection and long term monitoring alongside public awareness and training projects.
Nastanthus falklandicus: Rebecca Upson
Coordinating organisation: Falklands Conservation (www.falklandsconservation.com)
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IPAs in the Asia and the Pacific IPAs in the Himalaya A provisional list of 53 IPAs for medicinal plants has been identified in the Himalaya (Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan). In addition, a list of 51 medicinal plants in need of conservation action has also been identified. The project focused particularly on medicinal plants as this was the conservation issue most central to communities and livelihoods. The methodology for site selection used the presence of threatened species, species richness and threatened habitats Future actions will concentrate on involving local communities (collectors, traditional healers, cultural leaders) in taking forward conservation of these medicinal plants and their habitats, improving protection for the IPAs across the region and continuing to identify new IPAs based on medicinal and other plants. Coordinating organisations: Bhutan (Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan www.moa.gov.bt), China (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS www.english.kib.cas.cn; Yangzhou University www.yzu.edu.cn), India (Pragya www.pragya.org), Nepal (Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal www.eson.org.np), Pakistan (WWF Pakistan www.wwfpak.org; Government Postgraduate Jahanzeb College), UK (Plantlife International www.plantlife.org.uk)
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Important Plant Areas around the World
IPAs in the Western Ghats, India A pilot study was designed to test the applicability of global prioritisation criteria (IPAs and High Conservation Value Forest (HNVF)) in identifying and conserving local hotspots for biodiversity. The study area was the Western Ghats (Konkan Region), a global hotspot for biodiversity, which is home to over 2,000 endemic plant species in its mountains and forests. The study employed randomised surveying, purposive selection of survey sites based on expert and local knowledge, and a forest intactness ratio. All methods produced useful information, but the use of local and expert knowledge proved most time effective in identifying potential sites and also highlighted the enormous value of sacred groves in the conservation of intact forest areas. This pilot project also illustrated the way forward for threatened species and habitat assessments in this plant rich region. Coordinating organisation: AERF (Applied Environmental Research Foundation) (www.aerfindia.org)
Heracleum candicans, Keylong, India: Alan Hamilton
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IPAs in Indochina floristic region IPAs in the (Cambodia, southern China, Philippines Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) The analysis of IPAs in the Indochina floristic region will be conducted as part of a project supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (www.cepf.net) from 20092012. In addition to the main objective to assess the distribution and status of globally threatened plant species using IUCN criteria, the project will identify the most valuable sites of plant diversity in the Indochina region as the basis for prioritising conservation actions. Information on plant diversity is fragmentary, hence poorly represented in conservation planning, management, monitoring, and decision-making. The challenge of using plants as indicator groups in biodiversity assessment is the lack of knowledge on the biology, ecology, and distribution of plant species, many of which remain un-described. The botanical data that do exist remain inaccessible to decision-makers because these data reside only in the herbarium specimens and the scientific and grey literature written in different languages. The project will therefore train local scientists to assemble the botanical information into a database and to combine the plant distributional data with the ecological data and other parameters in a GIS map to identify the important plant areas (IPAs) for conservation. Until now, conservation planning in the region has relied largely on the opinions of experts and on the use of data on few indicator groups such as birds and large mammals. Coordinating organisation: Missouri Botanical Garden (www.mobot.org)
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IPAs in the Seychelles The analysis of IPAs in the Seychelles was undertaken as part of a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Project (Gerlach, 2008). In total 48 KBAs were identified, of which 29 were IPAs. The IPAs were identified using three criteria: threatened species (species from the IUCN 2007 Red List); species richness assessments of five main habitat groups (montane forest, sub-montane forest, lowland forest, marsh, glacis rock); and threatened habitats (montane forest and marsh habitats). The most significant threat, which affects all 48 KBAs, is habitat destruction caused by invasive species. Other threats include development (6 sites), sea level rise (13 sites), and unpredictable climate change (16 sites). The future of KBAs in the Seychelles depends on effective legal protection and large-scale habitat restoration. Coordinating organisation: Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles (www.islandbiodiversity.com/nptsindex.htm#NPTS)
Saraca asoca, India: Sameer Punde
Gloriosa superba, India: Sameer Punde
Collaborating organizations: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) www.iucn.org, Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) www.bgci.org, Society for Environmental Exploration (Frontier) www.frontier.ac.uk; Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) www.rupp.edu.kh, Kunming Botanic Garden (KUN) www.english.kib.cas.cn, National University of Laos (NUOL) www.nuol.edu.la, Bangkok Forest Herbarium (BKF) www.dnp.go.th/index_eng.asp, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) www.iebr.ac.vn/english/homeE.asp, Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) www.itb.ac.vn.
Palawan Island IPA (also one of the Centres of Plant Diversity and a Man and Biosphere Reserve) is currently the focus of much scientific and conservation action. A checklist of plants will be published soon includng a new giant pitcher plant (Nepanthes attenboroughii) recently discovered in the forests of Mount Victoria. Coordinating organisation: National Museum of the Philippines (www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph)
Important Plant Areas around the World
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IPAs in Europe
Paeonia peregrina, taken on the Bulgarian coast: Andrew Gagg/Plantlife.
1771 IPAs have been identified in 16 countries in Europe (Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Italy, Macedonia FYR, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine and UK) There are also provisional sites or preliminary projects in Albania, Armenia, Ireland, parts of Russia (Altai Sayan), and Spain. Further information on these projects can be found in a separate summary document which can be obtained from Plantlife International (Plantlife 2010).
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Tools available to identify IPAs • IPA Criteria: Europe (Plantlife, 2002); Global (Plantlife, 2004) • IPA Boundaries: Dines & Hutchinson 2008 • IPA Case study methodologies (see also references below) • Setting regional criteria (Southern Africa) • Habitat potential mapping models (Turks & Caicos) • Response of species to disturbance (Turks & Caicos) • Forest Intactness Ratio (Western Ghats) • Randomised & Purposive survey sampling (Western Ghats)
• Refugia & ecological connectivity (Arabian Peninsular) • Engaging local communities in plant conservation (Europe - Radford & Odé, 2009) • Red Listing & GSPC Target 2 Methodologies • IUCN Red List Criteria (2001) (www.iucnredlist.org) • IUCN RapidList (http://rapidlist.iucnsis.org) • Sampled Red List Index (www.kew.org/gis/projects/srli/) • IPA online database (www.plantlife-ipa.org/reports.asp)
References Global criteria ANDERSON S. 2002. Identifying Important Plant Areas in Europe: A site selection manual and a guide to developing criteria in other parts of the world. Plantlife International, London LANGHAMMER, P.F et al 2007, Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. Gland, Switzerland IUCN PLANTLIFE 2004, Identifying and Protecting the World’s Most Important Plant Areas: A Guide to Implementing Target 5 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Plantlife International DINES T. & HUTCHINSON N., 2008, Developing IPA boundaries in the UK. Plantlife International, UK (www.plantlife.org.uk) Arabian Peninsular AL-ABBASI T.M., AL-FARHAN A., AL-KHULAIDI A.W., HALL M., LLEWELLYN O.A., MILLER A.G. & PATZELT A., 2010, Important Plant Areas in the Arabian Peninsular. Edinburgh Journal of Botany (67) (1), pp.25-35 LLEWELLYN O.A., HALL M., MILLER A.G., AL-ABBASI T.M., ALWETAID A.H.,AL-HARBI R.J., AL-SHAMMARI K.F. & AL-FARHAN A., 2010, Important Plant Areas in the Arabian Peninsular: 1. Jabal Qaraqir. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 67 (1), pp.37-56 Ethiopia & Eritrea VIVERO J.L., KELBESSA E., DEMISSEW S., 2006, Progress on the Red List of Plants of Ethiopia and Eritrea: Conservation and Biogeography of Endemic Flowering Taxa. In Ghazanfar S.A. & Beentje H.J. (Eds) Taxonomy and Ecology of Africa Plants, their Conservation and Sustainable Use. pp.761-778. Royal Botanic Garden Kew. VIVERO J.L., KELBESSA E. & DEMISSEW S., 2005 The Red List of Endemic Trees and Shrubs of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK. Europe ANDERSON S., KUSIK T., RADFORD E. 2005 Important Plant Areas in Central and Eastern Europe: priority sites for plant conservation. Plantlife International, Salisbury, U.K. RADFORD, E.A. and ODÉ, B. eds. 2009) Conserving Important Plant Areas; investing in the Green Gold of South East Europe. Plantlife International, Salisbury. Falkland Islands UPSON R., (in prep) Internationally Important Plant Areas of the Falkland Islands. Falklands Conservation UPSON R., (in prep) Updating the Red Data list for the Falklands Islands vascular flora. Falklands Conservation.
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Priority Sites for Plants and People
The Himalaya HAMILTON A.C. & RADFORD E.A., 2007, Identification and conservation of Important Plant Areas for Medicinal Plants in the Himalaya. Plantlife International (Salisbury, UK) and Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (Kathmandu, Nepal) India PUNDE S., 2007. Prioritising Areas for Forest Conservation in the Konkan Region of the Western Ghats Hotspot (India) – a pilot study. Applied Environmental Research Foundation (AERF). Pune, India Madagascar MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, 2005, Assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation (CEPF Final Project Completion Report) www.cepf.net Mexico KOLEFF P., TAMBUTTI M., MARCH I.J., ESQUIVEL R., CANTÚ C., LIRANORIEGA A., et al. 2009. Identificación de prioridades y análisis de vacíos y omisiones en la conservación de la biodiversidad de México, en Capital natural de México, vol. II: Estado de conservación y tendencias de cambio. Conabio, México, pp. 651718. URQUIZA-HAAST., KOLB M., KOLEFF P., LIRA-NORIEGA A. y ALARCÓN J. 2008. Methodological approach to identify Mexico’s terrestrial priority sites for conservation. Gap Bulletin 16. Disponible en <http://pubs.usgs.gov/gap/gap16/pdf/gap16.pdf>. Seychelles GERLACH, J. 2008, Setting Conservation Priorities – A Key Biodiversity Areas Analysis for the Seychelles Islands. The Open Conservation Biology Journal, 2, pp.44-53 Southern Africa HOFMEYER W. (Ed) 2004, Proceedings of the Important Plant Areas Workshop. National Botanical Research Institute, Windhoek, Namibia IZIDINE S.A. & CÁNDIDO A., 2004, Botanical Diversity & Endemism Areas in Mozambique. Proceedings of the Mozambique IPA Workshop. Maputo, Mozambique SABONET, 2005, Important Plant Areas in Southern Africa. Combined proceedings of workshops held in Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa Turks & Caicos Island WILLIAMS S., 2009, The Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas: A Case Study from the Turks and Caicos Islands. Msc Thesis Imperial College London & Royal Botanic Gardens
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Country information on IPA and GSPC Target 5 projects Country
Status of project
Coordinating organisation(s)
Contact details
Algeria
Active identification project ongoing
Nassima Yahi University of Sciences & Technology
Salima Benhouhou and Nassima Yahi (nyahi@hotmail.fr)
Bahrain
Involved in developing IPA criteria for Arabian Region
IUCN Arabian Plants Specialist Group
www.iucnarabianpsg.org/bahrain.htm
Bhutan
10 IPAs for medicinal plants identified
Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan with Plantlife International
Yeshey Dorji (yesheydorji@moa.gov.bt) A Karma Rinzin (ak_rinzin@moa.gov.bt)
Brunei
Attended 2004 IPA regional workshop South East Asia
University Brunei Darussalam Ministry of Industry & Primary Resources
David Edwards (dedwards@fos.ubd.edu.bn) Muhd Ariffin Abdullah Kalat
Cambodia
Active identification project ongoing
Royal University of Phnom Penh with Missouri Botanical Garden
Jack Regalado (Jack.Regalado@mobot.org)
Cameroon
National workshop for Target 2 & 5 (GSPC)
Workshop coordinated by Botanic Gardens Conservation International
Bihini Won wa Musiti
China
11 Critical Regions for Biodiversity (6 are within the Himalaya and smaller medicinal plant IPAs were identified within them)
SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration (Critical Regions for Biodiversity) Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Yang Zhou University (IPAs for Medicinal Plants in the Himalaya)
Kunming Institute - Pei Shengji (peishengji@mail.kib.ac.cn) Yang Zhou Uni. - Huai Huyin (huaihy@yahoo.com.cn)
Costa Rica
Participated in target 2 & 5 planning project
Herbarium of the National Institute of Biodiversity Costa Rica
Nelson Zamora
Egypt
Active identification project ongoing
Tanta University
Kamal Shaltout (kshaltout@yahoo.com)
Ethiopia & Eritrea
IPA project in planning stage, funds required
IUCN/SSC Global Trees Specialist Group & National Herbarium of Addis Ababa
Jose Luis Vivero (joseluisvivero@gmail.com) Ensermu Kelbessa (ensermu@bio.aau.edu.et)
Falklands Islands
Preliminary sites identified & ongoing project
Falklands Conservation
Rebecca Upson (Rebecca.upson@conservation.org.fk)
India
1. 15 provisional IPAs for medicinal plants identified in Indian Himalaya 2. IPA Methodological study Western Ghats
Praya (IPAs for medicinal plants in the Indian Himalaya) AERF Applied Environmental Research Foundation (methodology study into the application of IPA criteria in forest areas of the Western Ghats)
Pragya - Gargi Banerji (gargi@pragya.org) AERF - Sameer Punde (sameerpunde@gmail.com)
Indonesia
Attended 2004 IPA regional workshop South East Asia
Herbarium Bogoriense
Eko Baroto Waluyo (ekolipi@yahoo.com)
Iraq
Involved in developing IPA criteria for Arabian Region
IUCN Arabian Plants Specialist Group
www.iucnarabianpsg.org
Israel
Active identification project ongoing
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Avi Shmida (Avi.Shmida@huji.ac.il)
Japan
Identification of priority plant Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation sites projects predates GSPC and Bureau hotspot selection is ongoing
Naoki Nakayama (naoki_nakayama@env.go.jp)
Jordan
Active identification project ongoing
University of Jordan
Dawud Al-Eisawi (Aleisawi@ju.edu.jo)
Kuwait
Involved in developing IPA criteria for Arabian Region
IUCN Arabian Plants Specialist Group
www.iucnarabianpsg.org
Laos
Active identification project ongoing
National University of Laos with Missouri Botanical Garden
Jack Regalado (Jack.Regalado@mobot.org)
Lebanon
Active identification project ongoing
American University of Beirut & Lebanese University
Salma Talhouk (ntsalma@aub.edu.lb) Samir Safi (ssafi@ul.edu.lb)
Libya
Active identification project ongoing
Alfateh University
Fathi El-Rtaib (erteebfathi@yahoo.com)
Madagascar
166 IPAs identified to date as part of wild plants for food and medicine project. 80 Priority Areas for Plant Conservation (PAPC) identified (2001-4)
Missouri Botanical Garden (threatened and endemic species analysis and identification of PAPCs) Wild plants for food and medicine Project (BGCI & Madagascar Plants Specialist Group with MBG and Conservation International)
Sylvie Andriambololonera (Sylvie.andriambolonera@mobotmg.org) Jeannie Raharamampionona (jeannie.raharimampionona@mobotmg.org)
Important Plant Areas around the World
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Malaysia
Attended 2004 IPA regional workshop South East Asia
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FIRM) Sabah Parks Board Malaysia
(FIRM) Saw Leng Guan (sawlg@frim.gov.my) Sabah Parks Jamili B. Nais (jnais@tm.net.my)
Mexico
Ongoing identification project & assessment of protected area network
CONABIO (National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity) CONANP (National Commission on Protected Areas) SEMARNAT (Secretariat for the Environment and Natural Resources)
Hesiquio Benitez (deai@conabio.gob.mx)
Morocco
Active identification project ongoing
Forest Research Centre (Rabat) & Scientific Institute of Rabat
Mohammed Taleb (talebm05@yahoo.com) Mohammed Fennane
Mozambique
Provisional list of 28 IPAs identified
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
Celia Macamo (celia.macamo@uem.mz)
Namibia
Provisional list of 39 IPA identified
National Botanical Research Institute
Sonja Loots (sonjal@nbri.org.na)
Nepal
16 Medicinal Plant IPA Complexes were identified with 230 IPAs within them
The Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal With Plantlife International
Krishna Shrestha (kksht@wlink.com.np)
New Zealand
Active identification project ongoing
The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
www.nzpcn.org.nz
Oman
Active identification project ongoing
Oman Botanical Garden with the Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (RBGE)
Matthew Hall (m.hall@rbge.org.uk)
Pakistan
7 IPAs for medicinal plants identified within the Himalaya and Hindu Kush Regions
WWF Pakistan Government Postgraduate Jahanzeb WWF Ashiq Ahmad Khan College with Plantlife International (ashiqahmad@gmail.com) Jahanzeb College – Hassan Sher (hassansher_2000@yahoo.com)
Palestine
Active identification project ongoing
Al Quds University
Banan Al-Sheikh (banansh@yahoo.com)
Paraguay
Project planning completed – actively seeking funds
Guyra Paraguay
Alberto Yanosky alberto.yanosky@gmail.com
Philippines
Active identification project ongoing
Philippines National Museum
Domingo Madulid (dmadulid@info.com.ph)
Qatar
Involved in developing IPA criteria for Arabian Region
IUCN Arabian Plants Specialist Group
www.iucnarabianpsg.org/qatar.htm
Saudi Arabia
Active identification project ongoing
Saudi Wildlife Commission with the Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (RBGE)
Matthew Hall (m.hall@rbge.org.uk)
Seychelles
29 IPAs identified as part of KBA project
Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles
Justin Gerlach (JstGerlach@aol.com)
Singapore
Attended 2004 IPA regional workshop South East Asia
Singapore Botanic Garden
Ruth Kiew (ruth.kiew@parks.gov.sg)
South Africa
Acted as coordinator for IPA criteria for Southern Africa
SABONET – Southern African Botanical Network
Syria
Active identification project ongoing
The Syrian Society for the Conservation of Wildlife
Hayan Hmidan (hmidanh@yahoo.gr)
Thailand
Active identification project ongoing
Bangkok Forest Herbarium with Missouri Botanical Garden
Jack Regalado (Jack.Regalado@mobot.org)
Tunisia
Active identification project ongoing
Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie
Zeineb Ghrabi (zghrabi@yahoo.fr)
Turks & Caicos Islands
Methodology study & preliminary sites identified
MSc Thesis from Imperial College London & Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Sophie Williams (S.Williams@kew.org)
Uganda
Active identification project, Nature Uganda (Plants Working Group) provisional list of sites in progress
James Kalema (jkalema@botany.mak.ac.ug)
United Arab Emirates
Involved in developing IPA criteria for Arabian Region
IUCN Arabian Plants Specialist Group
www.iucnarabianpsg.org/uae.htm
Vietnam
Active identification project ongoing
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources & Institute of Tropical Biology with MBG
Jack Regalado (Jack.Regalado@mobot.org)
Yemen
Active identification project ongoing
Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (Taiz) with the Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (RBGE)
Matthew Hall (m.hall@rbge.org.uk)
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Priority Sites for Plants and People
International IPA brochure 2010_Layout 1 20/04/2010 12:40 Page 17
EUROPE
1771 IPAs have been identified in 16 countries in Europe (Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Italy, Macedonia FYR, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK â&#x20AC;&#x201C; details in Plantlife 2010) There are also provisional sites or preliminary projects in Albania, Armenia, Ireland, parts of Russia (Altai Sayan), Spain.
International organisations involved in IPA/Target 5 projects Botanic Gardens Conservation International BGCI
Coordinated Target 2 & 5 projects with IUCN in Cameroon, Costa Rica, Morocco, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Madagascar
Joachim Gratzfeld (Joachim.gratzfeld@bgci.org)
Conservation International
Coordinate KBA projects with national partners in many countries, particularly in South & Central America
Matt Foster (m.foster@conservation.org)
Centre for Middle Eastern Plants CMEP (part of the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh)
Developing IPA projects in Saudi Arabia, Oman & Yemen, and other countries in the region with national partners
Tony Miller (t.miller@rbge.org.uk) Matthew Hall (m.hall@rbge.org.uk)
IUCN & IUCN Species Survival Committee
Lead partner with Plantlife International in facilitating Target 5 projects for the GSPC
Julie Griffin (julie.griffin@iucn.org)
Kew (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew)
Training in conservation methods and support for IPA projects in several countries including Armenia, the Caribbean and British Overseas Territories
Colin Clubbe C.Clubbe@kew.org)
Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG)
Coordinating Target 2 & 5 projects in several regions including Africa, Madagascar, Central Asia, and South East Asia
Plantlife International
Lead partner with IUCN in facilitating Target 5 of the GSPC, Coordinating IPA projects with national partners in Europe, North Africa & the Middle East, published IPA criteria for Europe and other regions, manage the IPA online database.
Elizabeth Radford (liz.radford@plantlife.org.uk) Seona Anderson (seona.anderson@plantllife.org.uk)
Imperial College
London
Important Plant Areas around the World
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Plantlife is the organisation
speaking up for wild plants We work hard to protect wild plants on the ground and to build understanding of the vital role they play in everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives. Wild plants are essential to life - they clean our air and water, provide food and shelter for our insects, birds and animals and are critical in the fight against climate change. Plantlife carries out practical conservation work, manages nature reserves, influences policy and legislation, runs events and activities that connect people with their local wild plants and works internationally with partners to promote the conservation of wild plants for the benefit of all.
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Priority Sites for Plants and People
Mountain habitats, Seychelles: Justin Gerlach
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Mexican Golden poppies bloom in the southwestern, Chihuahuan desert with mountains in background Š Arturo Enriquez/iStockphoto
International IPA brochure 2010_Layout 1 20/04/2010 11:58 Page 1
14 Rollestone Street Salisbury Wiltshire SP1 1DX United Kingdom T +44 (0) 1722 342730 F +44 (0) 1722 329035 enquiries@plantlife.co.uk www.plantlife.org.uk Printed on sustainable paper sources FSC Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee. Registered Charity Number: 1059559 Registered Company Number: 3166339 Charity registered in Scotland no. SC038951 Š 2010 ISBN: 978-1-907141-31-7