THANK YOU!! Dear friends and co-laborers, Thank you so much for your interest in using this material to study, teach and communicate the Truth! I am truly honored to share these resources with you. Please help us to continue to make resources like this available by using only for ministry, educational, personal or non-commercial use without modifying the slide material or copying image material for advertising or commercial usage. Until the Whole World Hears,
Questions, permissions or documentation for graphics/statistics may be obtained by e-mailing josh@josh.org. Š2016 Josh McDowell Ministry. Used with permission. www.josh.org
©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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I Corinthians 15:13-17 (NASB) But if there is no resurrection of the dead, not even Christ has been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is vain, your faith also is vain. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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I Corinthians 15:13-17 (NASB) For if the dead are not raised, not even Christ has been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless; you are still in your sins. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Mark 8:31 (NASB) …He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and the chief priests and the scribes… ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Mark 8:31 (NASB) …and be killed, and after three days rise again.
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RELEVANT FACTS
• Jesus of Nazareth • Jewish prophet
• Claimed to be the Christ prophesied in Jewish Scriptures
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RELEVANT FACTS
• He was crucified • 3 days after his burial, the women found the body gone.
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RELEVANT FACTS
• His disciples claimed God raised Jesus from the dead,
• Jesus appeared to them several times before ascending to heaven.
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“The usual instrument was a short whip… with several single or braided leather thongs of variable lengths… ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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…in which small jagged iron balls or sharp pieces of sheep bones were tied at intervals…” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The back would be so shredded that part of the spine was sometimes exposed by the deep, deep cuts. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The whipping would have gone all the way from the shoulders down to the back, the buttocks, and the back of the legs. E23
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The Jews were limited by their laws to 40 lashes.
The Romans had no such limitations. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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FURCA ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Patibulum
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Considered death by crucifixion, “the most cruel and hideous of tortures.” Marcus Tullius Cicero Roman philosopher 106 BC – 43 BC ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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“…even the Romans… pitied the victims.” Will Durant Historian ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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“The pain was absolutely unbearable. In fact, it was literally beyond words to describe… Alexander Metherell M.D., PhD ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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…they had to invent a new word: Literal meaning: Alexander Metherell M.D., PhD ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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His conclusion: “The New Testament account of Christ being nailed to the cross was false and misleading… Dr. J.W. Hewitt Harvard Theological Review ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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…crucifixion by use of nails was considered legendary.” Dr. J.W. Hewitt Harvard Theological Review ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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A Dead Man Speaks (June 1968)
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Dr. V. Tzaferis discovered four cave-tombs North of Jerusalem (near Mount Scopus) ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Family tombs held 15 ossuaries containing bones of 35 individuals. E40
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Found name of Yohanan Ben Ha’galgal in Ossuary #4
7-inch spike driven through the heel bone ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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• Date from late second century BC to 70 AD • Moisture helped preserve the bones ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Body Preparation Spices and Linen Cloth
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John 19:39-40 (NASB) Nicodemus, who had first come to Him by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds weight. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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John 19:39-40 (NASB) So they took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen wrappings with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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One-hundred pounds of aromatic spices, mixed together to form a gummy substance, were applied to the wrappings around the body. E46
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“I would estimate about 117 lbs. encasement around the body.” -Josh D. McDowell ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Aromatic Spices Gamaliel (grandson of Jewish scholar Hillel) ‌86 pounds When Herod died, 500 servants were needed to carry the spices E47
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Buried The Tomb ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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From the moment removed from the cross, 2 people must always touch the body. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Linen Cloth • No ornamentation or stain on cloth • Sewn by women • No knots permitted ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Linen Cloth • No one could be buried in fewer than three separate garments.
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Linen Cloth • Body would be wrapped in linen cloth starting at the feet. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Linen Cloth • Spices are mixed with gummy myrrh and placed between folds of cloth. • Torso would be wrapped to armpits
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Linen Cloth • Arms placed outside wrapping, then wrapped up to the neck.
• Separate cloth was wrapped around the head. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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A Large Stone
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Matthew 27:60 (NASB) ...and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock; and he rolled a large stone against the entrance of the tomb and went away. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The stone was “extremely large.”
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GEORGIA TECH Engineers at Georgia Tech calculated that the stone would have had to weigh 1½ - 2 tons. 1/2
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Matthew 27:60
“…he rolled a large stone against the entrance of the tomb...”
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY
Gravity; stone was held in a groove with a wedge. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The Roman Guard
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Matthew 27: 64-66 (NLT) “So we request that you seal the tomb until the third day. This will prevent his disciples from coming and stealing his body and then telling everyone he was raised from the dead!” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Matthew 27: 64-66 (NLT) “If that happens, we’ll be worse off than we were at first.” Pilate replied, “Take guards and secure it the best you can.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Matthew 27:64-66 (NLT) So they sealed the tomb and posted guards to protect it.
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“Guard”
koustōdían
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Matthew 27:64-66
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Matthew records that “along with the guard they set a seal on the stone.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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LEATHER STRAPS CLAY PACKS SEAL
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“Seals in antiquity were considered a mode of authentication.” Henry S. Maine Supreme Council India Cambridge University ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The Stone is Rolled Away ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Matthew 28:2-7 “And behold, a severe earthquake had occurred, for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled away the stone and sat upon it. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Matthew 28:2-7 “And his appearance was like lightning, and his clothing as white as snow. The guards shook for fear of him and became like dead men. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Matthew 28:2-7 “The angel said to the women, ‘Do not be afraid; for I know that you are looking for Jesus who has been crucified. He is not here, for He has risen, just as He said. Come, see the place where He was lying.’ ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Matthew 28:2-7 “Go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead; and behold, He is going ahead of you into Galilee, there you will see Him; behold, I have told you.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY The Greek word for “roll” is “kulio”.
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY Mark added the preposition “ana” meaning “up” or “upward”. Mark 16:4
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY Mark 16:4 “Anakulio” means “to roll something up a slope or an incline.”
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY The new position of the stone was up a slope or an incline relative to its original position.
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY Luke 24:2 also used the same root word “kulio” but added the preposition “apo”.
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY Luke 24:2 “Apo” can mean “separation from” or “a distance from.”
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY “Apokulio” then means to roll one object from another so that it is “separated some distance from it.”
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THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY John 20:1 used the Greek verb “airo” which means “to pick something up and carry it away.”
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Mark 16:2-4 “Very early on the first day of the week, they came to the tomb when the sun had risen. They were saying to one another, “Who will roll away the stone for us from the entrance of the tomb?” E63f
©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
THE STONE IS ROLLED AWAY The massive stone was moved not just from the entrance but from the entire sepulcher, looking as if it had been picked up and carried away.
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The Roman seal is broken. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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THE SEAL IS BROKEN The Roman seal was broken, which meant automatic crucifixion upside down for whoever broke it. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The tomb was not empty. ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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THE TOMB IS EMPTY
Jerusalem ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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THE TOMB IS EMPTY
“This [Jerusalem] is the very last place it could have started if Jesus’ tomb remained occupied…” E82
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“If Christians and their Jewish opponents both agreed that the tomb was empty… we have little choice but to accept the empty tomb as fact.”
Ron Sider Historian ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Acts 1:3 (NASB) “To these He also presented Himself alive after His suffering, by many convincing proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days and speaking of the things concerning the kingdom of God.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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1 Corinthians 15:5-8 (NLT) “He was seen by Peter and then by the Twelve. After that, he was seen by more than 500 of his followers at one time… ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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1 Corinthians 15:5-8 (NLT) …most of whom are still alive, though some have died. Then He was seen by James and later by all the apostles.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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1 Corinthians 15:5-8 (NLT) “Last of all, as though I had been born at the wrong time, I also saw Him.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Christ appeared to…
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. PETER . “The Lord has really risen! He appeared to Peter.” Luke 24:34 (NLT) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. EMMAUS DISCIPLES . “While they were talking and discussing, Jesus Himself approached and began traveling with them.”
Luke 24:15 (NASB) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. HIS DISCIPLES . “While they were telling these things, He Himself stood in their midst…”
Luke 24:36 (NASB) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. HIS DISCIPLES . “…Jesus manifested Himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberius…” John 21:1 (NASB) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. 500+ BELIEVERS . “…He appeared to more than five hundred brethren at one time…” 1 Corinthians 15:6 (NASB) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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50 Hours of Eyewitnesses • 500 Eyewitnesses • 6 minute testimony
• 3000 minutes =
50 HOURS ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. THE ELEVEN .
“…the eleven disciples proceeded to Galilee, to the mountain which Jesus had designated. When they saw Him, they worshiped Him…” Matthew 28:16-17 (NASB)
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. THE ASCENSION .
“To these He also presented Himself alive after His suffering, by many convincing proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days…” Acts 1:3 (NASB)
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Two friends from Oxford: Gilbert West, Author Lord George Lyttleton, Statesman They were determined to destroy the basis of the Christian faith. ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Gilbert West was going to demonstrate the fallacy of the Resurrection. E118a
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Lord Lyttleton was going to prove that Saul of Tarsus never converted E119a to Christianity.
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Gilbert West concluded that the Resurrection was TRUE! E120
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Lord Lyttleton concluded: “The conversion and apostleship of Saint Paul alone, duly considered, was of itself a… 1267 ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Lord Lyttleton concluded: …demonstration sufficient to prove Christianity to be a Divine Revelation.” 1267 ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. THE ELEVEN .
“…the eleven disciples proceeded to Galilee, to the mountain which Jesus had designated. When they saw Him, they worshiped Him…” Matthew 28:16-17 (NASB)
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Validity of Witnesses ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS
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…what we have seen and heard we proclaim to you also… 1 John 1:3 (NASB) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Inclusion of Hostile Witnesses
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. SAUL of TARSUS .
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Paul, like his father, possessed Roman citizenship ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. PAUL . Last of all, as though I had been born at the wrong time, I also saw him. 1 Corinthians 15:8 (NLT) ŠJosh McDowell Ministry 2018
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. JAMES . “The brother of Jesus”
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. JAMES . “…then He appeared to James…” 1 Corinthians 15:7 (NASB) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Jesus’ brothers (John 7:5; Mark 3:21-25)
James – brother of Jesus
BUT James… ©Josh McDowell1194 Ministry 2018
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• Became a follower of his brother • Became a key leader in the church • One of the early martyrs (Attested by Josephus, Hegesippus, Clement of Alexandria) ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The Wrong Tomb Theory ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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The Wrong Tomb Theory • Joseph of Arimathea went to the wrong tomb. • The women went to the wrong tomb.
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The Wrong Tomb Theory • The Disciples went to the wrong tomb. • The Jews went to the wrong tomb.
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The Wrong Tomb Theory • The Romans went to the wrong tomb. • The Angel went to the wrong tomb.
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The Wrong Tomb Theory • The whole world went to the wrong tomb!!!
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The Hallucination Theory ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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American Psychiatric Association “A false sensory perception in the absence of an actual external stimulus.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Psychiatric Dictionary “An apparent perception of an external object when no such object is present.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Other Observations “…an apparent act of vision for which there is no corresponding external object… ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Other Observations “…result from purely psychological causes – not from the presence of an actual external object… ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Theory Weaknesses
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1. Linked to subconscious or past experiences… “…Unlikely two or more persons could have the same hallucination at the same time.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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2. Linked to subconscious or past experiences… “A very private event – a purely subjective experience void of any external reference or object.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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No 2 people have the same hallucination.
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If all 500 had the same hallucination then it would be a greater miracle than the Resurrection.
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Circumstantial Evidence ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Circumstantial Evidence
The Church ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Circumstantial Evidence 1. The Church The Christian church’s origin can be traced directly back to the city of Jerusalem in Palestine about A.D. 30… ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Circumstantial Evidence
Sunday Worship
The Church ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Circumstantial Evidence 2. Sunday Worship
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Acts 20:7 “On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul began talking to them, intending to leave the next day, and he prolonged his message until midnight.” E143b
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Circumstantial Evidence
Baptism
Sunday Worship
The Church ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Circumstantial Evidence
3. Believer’s Baptism
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Circumstantial Evidence
3. Believer’s Baptism • Symbolize dying with Christ in crucifixion. • Raised with Him in newness of life through resurrection ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Colossians 2:12 “Having been buried with Him in baptism, in which you were also raised up with Him through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead.” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Romans 6:3-5 “Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death?...” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Romans 6:3-5 “…Therefore we have been buried with Him through baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father…” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Romans 6:3-5 “…so we too might walk in newness of life. For if we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death…” ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Romans 6:3-5 “…certainly we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection.”
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Circumstantial Evidence
Communion
Baptism
Sunday Worship
The Church ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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Circumstantial Evidence
4. Holy Communion
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Circumstantial Evidence
4. Holy Communion • The cup and bread symbolize Christ’s death on the cross ©Josh McDowell Ministry 2018
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