The Ball Park Journal by Joshua Leyva

THE BALL PARK

DODGER STADIUM MAROONED NO MORE

Bringing the stadium to the city and the city to the stadium.

CAL POLY POMONA LA 402 STUDIO Joshua Leyva Natalie Rowe Giovani Aguirre HeeJae Lee

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTRIBUTORS

CASE STUDIES

READING STUDIES

| 21

MAPPING STUDIES

| 25

FIELD OBSERVATIONS: SAN FRANCISCO

| 33

MIDTERM PROCESS

| 59

PRESENTATIONS+CHARRETTES+LECTURES

| 65

THE BALL PARK

| 69

REFERENCE WEBSITES

| 112

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

CONTRIBUTORS

NATALIE ROWE

HEEJAE LEE

GIOVANI AGUIRRE

JOSHUA LEYVA 5

NATALIE ROWE This quarter in LA 402 really opened my eyes to Urban Planning and how its both incredibly difficult to understand, but fun at the same time. The closest project that I have had that has dealt with Urban Planning was for LA 303 and the design of a park cap to go over the 101 freeway. In that project, we investigated heavily into the surrounding area, traffic flows, and how to connect our park to the surrounding Downtown area. Designing Dodgers Stadium was on a completely different scale and came with many more problems to work through. I really learned to some degree what Urban Planning was like. My group was faced with solving the problem of circulation and accessibility on our site. To design for the problem, we first needed to understand how and why congestion was occurring. The solution to the limited entrances and narrow streets was to create larger eco-boulevards that extended into the city. These large streets would accommodate for more vehicular traffic on game days, allow for pedestrian movement, as well as have an underground metro line that not only connects to the stadium, but also connects to greater Los Angeles. I believe I learned a lot about transportation the ways in which to move massive amounts of people from different places as quickly and efficiently as possible.

In week four we visited San Francisco to help inspire us and consequently our projects. Being a Bay Area resident, I found going around the city with an academic lens on rather than a resident particularly interesting. Places such as Coit Tower had a different perspective. I had always seen it as the ‘Tower on the Hill,’ that really serves no functional purpose. I still honestly see Coit Tower in that way, but I really found a connection to how it stands iconic on the hill, a gleaming tower of white, to Dodgers Stadium. My group as a whole wanted to try to create that visual connection to the ‘icon on the hill’ with the stadium. We wanted Dodgers Stadium to be this iconic place on the hill that stands above the surrounding buildings. The steps leading up to Coit Tower on Telegraph Hill also inspired our first passes at hillside development on our site. We used the idea of close knit homes with public staircases to create a certain typology. Over the quarter the our different concepts grew and adapted, but the San Francisco trip really helped to prompt our initial design strategies. As a graduating senior entering the work force, I do have intentions on one day attending graduate school. In the past I had toyed with the idea of going back for Horticulture, Landscape Architecture again, and even abandoning design and going to law school. I have the theory that the more I see of the world, the more I’ll one know what I finally want to contribute to it. Having had this quarter I am now toying with the idea of Urban Planning. I think having a Landscape background and fully understanding Urban Planning could make for an incredible opportunity to help influence the reshaping of our cities for a much healthier and sustainable future. I look forward to my next quarter with Urban Planning again and know that these past three months has given me an incredible foundation to create an even better project.

HEEJAE LEE Looking back at the past ten weeks, the experience that I have had with this quarter has been for me, to say the least, one of the most memorable learning opportunities in a studio class. Not because of the scale and iconic figure of the project but because the project offered me the experience and the knowledge of new ways to approach design in a more urban structure. Before this studio I was never exposed to the elements of urban planning and design in relation to landscape architecture although I have always found it to be an area of interest. Now, knowing the basic approach to urban design and how it can apply to a project I can say I am more confident in designing elements of structures and the relation of building to landscape. Especially, working closely with numbers of DUA’s, FAR’s, and different building typologies that I have never calculated before, I feel that learning to deal with these numbers will only make me stronger and condition me to encompass what I have learned in my future studios. Also being immersed in such a unique studio life has been a major influence in my learning process throughout the quarter. From the diligent students and teammates I was surrounded by, to the guidance and genuine interest of the members of SWA as well our instructor Andy. The constant communication between the students

and the instructors personally made me feel that our group’s project had a sense of purpose and meaning outside of the university. That the studio offered a real world experience, and as such we approached the project in the same way. In addition, the different views and specialties that each instructor offered the studio allowed each student to grow on every level. I feel that from the experience and insight that I have gained from this studio, I have grown in both knowledge and passion in urban planning as well as landscape architecture. I am extremely proud of our project and even more than it’s design I believe in what our design stands for.

GIOVANI AGUIRRE As a current design student and apprentice in the design profession, my interests in landscape architecture have always been geared towards social justice. Also, as a student in Landscape Architecture, I have found great interest in making places that affect people in positive ways. In my first introduction to Urban Design this quarter, I realized that the potential affect on people could be much greater for the reason that urban design deals with issues at a much broader scale; the city scale. While working with my design team this quarter, our considerations and decisions were much more strategic, knowing that we were designing for a larger framework of people and the surrounding communities of our site at large. The fact that our project was in an underserved area of Los Angeles and not to mention Dodgers Stadium and Elysian Park, it provided for an interesting and rewarding project that took a collaborative effort to be successful. As a baseball fan first and designer second, working on Dodgers stadium was an exceptional treat because Dodgers Stadium is one of the few baseball stadiums left that holds the stature of an icon. The same can be said with such stadiums as Wrigley Field in Chicago

or Fenway Park in Boston, but Dodgers Stadium at Chavez Ravine is particularly unique due to its location and history. It was important for myself, and as well as the rest of my design team to preserve the stadiums iconic status and the distinct attitude that baseball holds in simply going out to a ball game. Our design proposal attempted to do just that in proposing a ballpark surrounding the stadium that would serve the community at a city scale addressing Los Angeles’s current park space status. Overall, the biggest takeaway of the quarter was the collaborative effort and design process it took to get a project like this one done at the level of standards that was set for ourselves by our professor and SWA Laguna Beach, but more importantly, ourselves. We exceeded our own standards and worked well together as a group effort. We were able to use each other’s distinct strengths to make the best possible project we could.

JOSHUA LEYVA In my educational career at Cal Poly Pomona, being a student of the Landscape Architecture program has shaped my way of thinking, and in my opinion, has taught me to think holistically. This way of thinking became very helpful this past quarter when taking a first pass at urban design. It was difficult at first not to get caught up in small details of our design, but allowing myself to step back and question my ideas, as well as my group’s ideas, was very beneficial to the strength of our design. The quarter in itself required a lot of time and dedication but I feel it was well worth the effort. The time and work that was put into our assignments was clearly demonstrated and my group did an excellent job of working as a team to maintain a “look” that we were trying to achieve. In completing our assignments, I gained valuable insight into design strategies used in projects domestically, as well as internationally. A week long trip to San Francisco also provided valuable information and insight, but most importantly, being able to see something first hand really served as inspiration. To me, there was no better classroom than the city of San Francisco to study a diverse and vibrant urban environment. As a first time visitor, I was caught up with the beauty and the charm of the city, but was also fascinated by the implementation and

use of public transportation. Having had the chance to visit European countries in a previous quarter, the use of public transportation (rail services in particular) has given me great inspiration for what the future of our domestic cities might look like. Seeing such a strong presence of light rail infrastructure in San Francisco, gave valuable insight and inspiration to ideas implemented in our project. In retrospect, this quarter required an enormous amount of dedication from my design team, as well as from me, but it was a fun and valuable lesson. I am proud of how our project progressed and how we each worked hard to achieve the same goal. I also want to recognize that we essentially had five faculty members this quarter and that their time and effort was not lost by us. We always received insightful and constructive criticism and our project was always questioned in an effort to strengthen its ideas. I am extremely grateful for the help and dedication offered by the faculty.

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

CASE STUDIES

PETCO PARK

San Diego, California

AQUATIC CENTRE

Medellin, Colombia

LOWER DON LANDS Toronto, Canada

BUFFALO BAYOU Houston, Texas

PETCO PARK

San Diego, California

Opened in 2004, PETCO Park is the cornerstone and catalyst of a thriving urban ballpark district. Adding to its civic value, the 42,500-seat ballpark anchors one of the largest redevelopment projects in U.S. history, featuring hotels, offices, retail and residential components, that has transformed a chronically underutilized warehouse district into a vibrant new neighborhood and year-round destination for residents, visitors and businesses.

REVITILIZATION + CATALYST

Home to Major League Baseball’s San Diego Padres, Petco Park is considered as one of the largest redevelopment projects in U.S History and is also measured as a prime example of an urban ballpark. As a case study example for future urban developments particularly involving professional sports, Petco Park showcases the ability of using its location and surrounding context as an advantage to enhance the typical ballpark experience to additional uses that include offices, hotels, retail, and residential works. As a redevelopment project, the plan was not only to create a new ballpark for the Padres, but also create an entire district attached to it. Located in the under utilized East Village District, the plan was to revitalize East Village by creating its own district within its boundaries known as “The Ball Park District.” The Ball Park District not only invites regular baseball fans to East Village, but also brings in other personalities to the area.

THE BALLPARK DISTRICT

GAMEDAY: THE STRATEGIC PLACEMENT OF BUSINESSES THAT BENEFIT FROM THE BALLPARK

BEFORE CONSTRUCTION

UNDERUTILIZED WAREHOUSE DISTRICT

BUILDING CONSIDERATIONS KEEPING HISTORIC LANDMARK

BALL PARK

DISTRICT

Gaslamp District

PARK AT THE PARK

Parking

SITE

Convention Center

The location of the site also drives the success, as other important districts of San Diego’s downtown such as the Convention Center district and the historic Gaslamp District surround the site. Using the site’s history as a driver for design implementation. The site was formally included The Metal Supply Company, marked as a historic landmark. The debate formed to whether to keep the building. In the end the building was kept, adding to the aesthetic of the building, showcasing the connection to the past.

M Metro

MARINA

Marina

SITE PLAN

0 FT.

500 FT.

750 FT.

1,000 FT.

BALLPARK DISTRICT : GAME DAY STADIUM

STREET

SECTION ELEVATION

PARK AT THE PARK

BUSINESS/RETAIL

1”=100’

AQUATIC CENTRE FOR SOUTH AMERICAN GAMES MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA Built over two years ago in 2010, Medellin’s Aquatic Centre enjoyed being the jewel of that year’s South American Game swimming events. The facility includes an olympic size pool, a pool for synchronized swimming, and two training pools. Part of the centre’s charm comes from the exploration that the “layers” and “flooded” planters provoke.

meant to be blocked off from public access. The vegetation also creates a feeling of “flood” in this area since it is planted close to the same level as the water line in the pools and utilizes some aquatic plants to make it look like there is water in the large planters. This aquatic centre is now used for the training of athletes as well as for recreational and educational purposes.

The Aquatic Centre, which was designed by the Colombian firm, Paisajes Emergentes, was built for the South American games in 2010. This project has a very unique design which uses several “layers” that allow for people to be at the same level the swimmers are in. Uniquely designed planters also aid in creating the feeling of layers while also separating areas that are

TRANSPORTATION + VARIETY

Olympic Sized Pool

“Flooded” Vegetation Planters

100

Skylights

200 1”=200’

SITE PLAN Lockers/Showers

Training Pool

Public/Private Seperation

“Flooded” Planter

Training Pool

MEDELLIN METRO

M EnCicla BIKE SHARE

Better known for violent crimes than its transportation system, Medellin has come a long way within the last twenty years. Major overhauls have transformed the landscape of the city and created an award winning transportation system that carries over half a million people per day. Metro trains along with suspended cable cars and a bike sharing program have created an efficient way to get around Medellin. A metro stop and a bike sharing station are found within a couple of minutes of the aquatic centre. Crime in the city has significantly been reduced since the implementation of the new transportation system.

MULTI MODAL TRANSPORTATION

M ATHLETIC DISTRICT Medellin is known as the city of “eternal spring” so it is not a surprise the aquatic center does not have a roof. The mild climate in the region gives the opportunity to swim or participate in other recreational activities throughout the year. The aquatic center and the surrounding athletic facilities nearby the aquatic center allow for several sports to be played throughout the year, or even at the same time by

different groups of people. Along with swimming facilities, a track, tennis courts, soccer fields, a rollerdrome, baseball fields, and a velodrome can be found within the distance of a very short walk. The close proximity of these facilities and the mild climate of the region allow for these areas to be used all year round.

Lockers/Showers

Olympic Pool

“Flooded” Planter

SECTION NTS

LOWER DON LANDS

TORONTO, ON, CANADA The Lower Don Lands is a proposed project aimed at reintegrating a postindustrial landscape back into the urban fabric. Built on four main principles, it plans to create dynamic new communities, promote a clean and green environment, remove barriers and make connections, and build a network of waterfront parks.

FLOOD CONTROL

HYDROLOGY BASED

Seasonal flooding in spill zones 1 and 2 will be diverted by creating a new waterway through the site. The new waterway will also act as a filtration system removing city pollutants and debris before entering Lake Ontario.

The projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationship to the surrounding water drives the planning of the site. The seasonal flooding of the new waterway will limit low lands to open space and recreational areas. Higher ground within the flood plain will be used for an extensive trail system with bridges crossing over the water. The remaining areas will be developed for commercial and residential use.

REINTEGRATION + ECOLOGY

PREVENTS

hectares of urban land flooding

SPILL ZONE 2 SPILL ZONE 1

= flood plain: high ground = flood plain: low ground = high ground for building

0 5

160 ft

WATERFRONT REINTEGRATION The project seeks to transition the postindustrial landscape back into the urban fabric. New subway lines and recreational trails will create a gateway from the city to the waterfront. Once finished, the site will offer a new vibrant district from an unused part of the city.

existing subway future subway potential subway major recreational trail minor recreational trail

0 200 800

2400

6200 ft

RESIDENTIAL + COMMERCIAL The new waterfront will accommodate living and working in a mixed-use neighborhood. Combining residential complexes, commerical stores, and recreational areas, the project hopes to create a vibrant new district.

= mixed development: retail + housing = surrounding Toronto context [A]

[A]

0 50 200

600

1600

SECTION [A] recreational fields and elevated walking paths

3000 ft

SITE PLAN

Sabin St.

B ag

by St.

BUFFALO BAYOU PROMENADE Houston, Texas

The Promenade is located between Sabine and Bagby St. and runs west along Buffalo Bayou on the edge of downtown Houston. The project adds 23 acres of much needed park space into the infrastructure of the city streets in addition to multiple recreational features and night-time usage.

0 100

The Buffalo Bayou Promenade is an urban park project by “SWA” that reforms an unused and undervalued waterfront space that lies directly above the heart of Houston and runs along a major tributary watershed. In collaboration with the “Buffalo Bayou Partnership” the Promenade is a one mile stretch that connects through a greenway system along the Buffalo Bayou that reaches ten miles through Houston. Built directly into the infrastructure of the city and below the busy streets and bridges that roar above, the Buffalo Bayou Promenade offers a unique

500

1000

Buffalo Bayou Promenade

and environmental experience within an urban park. Integrating itself with the city, the promenade addresses the human condition and brings life back into the community that once undervalued the potential landscape. Prior to its construction the waterfront offered virtually no pedestrian usage but with its development, the space has flourished into a haven for hikers and bikers through its various trails that meander within the space. Patrons can also choose to travel via kayak with several launch pads located within Sabine and Bagby St.

Sky 45

Ground Level

INFRASTRUCTURE + USAGE

Street Level and 45 Freeway

The City

Above Level

Lower Level Circulation

Surrounding Buildings

Buffalo Layou Promenade

REGIONAL PLAN

THE WATERSHED

The City

3:1 Slope

Tree Canopy

Walkway

Pedestrian Bridge

Riparian Zone

Buffalo Bayou

With the environment and the health of the watershed in mind, the Buffalo Bayou that runs through the river bend is cushioned by gabion walls and re-graded 3:1 slopes that stabilize and prevent erosion within the watershed.

Soil Stabilization

Scale: 1â&#x20AC;?=100â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

THE EXPERIENCE The duel experience of the park occurs through the whimsical and functional lighting system that gradually changes over the course of day-to-night that provides security as well as extending the life of the park. The colored lights also represent the phase shifts of the moon.

Daytime on the bridge

Nighttime under the bridge Moon Shifts

DODGER STADIUM

CASE STUDY COMPARISONS THE AQUATIC CENTRE PETCO PARK BUFFALO BAYOU LOWER DON LANDS

SCALE: 1:2000

DODGER STADIUM

SCALE: 1:2000

THE AQUATIC CENTRE

PETCO PARK

TRANSPORTATION + VARIETY

REVITILIZATION + CATALYST

Built in 2010 for the South American games, the Aquatic Centre is a modern project that in some ways can be a model for future developments. The strongest points associated with the aquatic centre are the way public transportation is used as a tool to get there and the way the centre is surrounded by other sports facilities which allow for multiple uses within a relatively small area. The aquatic centre uses the metro train and a bike sharing program (among others) to help people get there. This is important because it allows for people to get to the site easily without the hassle of traffic or parking unlike Dodger Stadium. The fact that the aquatic centre is surrounded by facilities for at least six other sports is a benefit to the community it serves since it allows for different choices in recreation. This coupled with Medellin’s mild climate make the “athletic district” around the aquatic centre, a viable element for fitness and recreation technically all year round. This is a complete contradiction of how Dodger Stadium is used since it is officially occupied for less than 100 days in a year. Dodger Stadium could benefit greatly from some of the features associated with Medellin’s aquatic centre. The aquatic centre’s highlights cannot directly solve Dodger Stadium’s shortfalls, but taking ideas that have proven successful in Medellin might have some use in Los Angeles.

SCALE: 1:2000

As a fairly recent development, Petco Park has the potential to be used as a catalyst for future projects of similarity, making Dodger Stadium an ideal candidate. As a redevelopment that was strategically planned to not only create a new ballpark, but also develop a “ballpark” district to go along with it, Dodger Stadium poses similar opportunity in its surrounding context. Petco Park’s ballpark district plan includes offices, hotels, retail, and residential property within feasible walking distance from the stadium. As a primarily single-use facility with an ample amount of space for similarities, a parallel master planning model such as the one used in San Diego maybe used in Los Angeles as well.

SCALE: 1:2000

BUFFALO BAYOU

LOWER DON LANDS

INFRASTRUCTURE + USAGE

REINTEGRATION + ECOLOGY

The Buffalo Bayou Promenade is a prime example of utilizing effective infrastructures to create both an attractive and functional space built into the fabric of the city. In comparison to Dodger Stadium, although the Buffalo Bayou Promenade project is fairly new, it deals to address many similar issues that impede the stadium to be utilized to its maximum potential. One of the main strengths from the case study of the Promenade is the several types of transportation used to travel within a space, from biking to kayaking, rather than relying solely on auto transportation. Within the promenade the different uses of trails and river systems creates the identity of the space and embed itself into the urban context of the city. Another important theme that gives strength and identity to the promenade is the whimsical and functional lighting system that is designed into the park. The illuminated night-time spectacle functions both and an attraction to an additional nightâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;time use of the park as well as provide a safe environment throughout the space. One of the major drawbacks of the stadium is the insufficient lighting system that is underutilized for night-time use as well being insufficient for adequate security, especially seen in parking lot areas. With the strengths from both the Dodger Stadium and the Buffalo Bayou Promenade a space with rich history and effective infrastructures can be possible.

The Lower Don Lands proposal is a wonderful example of how an isolated, unused part of a city can be reintegrated back into the urban fold. Utilizing new subway rail lines, trail systems, parks & open spaces, and a commercial & residential neighborhood, the city plans to create a new dynamic district.

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

READING STUDIES

The Word Shrinks, The World Expands [Information, Energy and Relocalization] by Robert Thayer

TWO ECCENTRIC GENIUSES

PUSH-PULL: POSSIBLE ECONOMIC FUTURES

M. King Hubbert

Generated a theory to predict oil supply curves and production peaks.

Information will continue to be relatively accessible while the physical environment will re-localize and reorganize into a much more efficient network of supply and demand, provision and consumption, origin and destination.

Norber Wiener

Explained in his book Cybernetics how information is applied in both organisms and computing machines

MATTER, ENERGY, & INFORMATION

THE WORLD EXPANDS ...AND SHRINKS

Matter + Energy

The two main fundamentals

The World is Shrinking

Information

Wiener argues is the universal principle that allows complex ecosystems and human societies to exist

THE MATTER OF ENERGY: THE OIL

CONVERGENT RELOCALIZATION

Peak acceptance: Slow Re-thinking

The two main fundamentals

Re-Thinking

Today people are already caring more about the landscape around them. They identify with the local naturally definable regions.

When we run out the world will have to massively rethink the way they transport people and products.

New Patterns

•smaller shops and stores •revival of “main street” •dispersed, localized energy sources (solar panels, rural and urban wind farms, cogeneration of biomass ect. ) •re-configured streets with multiple transit modes •mixed housing with commercial, office, and industrial •vegetation used for moderating climate, cleansing the air, providing food, and supporting critical habitat •transparent expression of local utilities like water, waste, and electricity •re-densification of cities and the elimination of suburbs •city centers the most sustainable and high-class residential location •flexible land zoning for a variety of land use •more emphasis on local parks and regional wildlands •easy non-motorized access to nearby nature •smaller vehicles, rechargeable hybrid-electric, two-four wheels •shrinking of residential streets, parking lots, and garages •fewer and larger airports •air travel mainly for the wealthy •more ferries and ferry terminals •railroads return •high speed electric trains •micro light-rail systems for short distances •regional tourist getaways •zoning for protection of existing prime agricultural soils •reclamation of good agricultural soils •diverse reclamation and revitalization of post industrial zones

MEAGER ALTERNATIVES Bleak Alternatives

The result is a world that will be radically different. A new perception of transportation will occur that will directly alter the land use patterns.

TRANSPORTING + SHIPPING Decrease

Passenger travel by car, air, Freight by truck, air, marine shipping

Increase

Passenger travel by bus, ship, rail Freight by rail

TOURISM: THE SUBSTITUTABILITY THEORY Substitutability Theory

The notion that the world is shrinking because it is more accessible will reverse. Energy constraints will re-expand the world. Travel will partially close. People will start to focus on a local level rather than a global level. Care about local resources and communication rather than global.

Constraints on gasoline will lead to recreational visitors to substitute nearby leisure destinations for far ones.

Drawings: The Map Landscape by Nadia Amarozo

The maps made today are radically different than the maps

from years ago, but they reveal unique interpretations of the city that older maps don’t communicate. They aren’t viewed as purely objective representations because of their artistic qualities.

THE CREATIVE MAP

AIR-QUALITY INDEX MAPS

Alternative Map

the darker red, more opaque = poor air quality levels, the more transparent and brighter = better air quality. Layered on top of each other showing various times of the day

Using alternative modes of representation to unravel the cityscape’s deeper issues

MAP LANDSCAPES a combination of aesthetics (the art) and the empirical evidence (the data) and fuse them together to make a multidimensional map

“A collection of map-landscapes to test the urban invisibles”

DENSITYSCAPE MAPS Shows population density using 3-D MAX, 3-D Viz, and Photoshop. Information is transformed into a landscape. Arranged in an isometric view to receive an optimum viewpoint of the peaks and crevices. “Positive Pullings”

CRIMESCAPE MAPS Shows population density using 3-D MAX, 3-D Viz, and Photoshop. Information is transformed into a landscape. Arranged in an isometric view to receive an optimum viewpoint of the peaks and crevices. “Positive Pullings”

MARKET VALUESCAPE MAPS

Densityscape Map: London

nadiaamorozo.com

Maps based on land value information. The districts or boroughs are the land value areas. Mainly associated with large areas which gives the map a spiky look. Smaller areas would have a more hill-like surface.

TRAFFIC FLUX MAPS Collection of red tubes with lights inside. The flow of activity on a 24-hour scale is shown through the lit tubes.

OZONE SPACE MAPS Twenty-four snapshots showing ozone level changes in an animated map. The volume of the sphere is proportional to the ozone volume. The sphere size also shows the quality of ozone (dangerous = larger sphere)

LIGHT SWITH MAPS Animated map showing the levels of activity through the evening hours. With more use, the buildings begin to glow more brightly. If they’re not used, they remain dark. Red = grocery/convenience stores, green = offices/banks, orange = cafes/fast food, blue = restaurants, white/yellow = bars/clubs

SCULPTURAL MAPS Use data as a metaphor to generate the form or landscape. The data is often dramatized, but still holds true to the quantitative value. Every student has different diagrams and cities.

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

MAPPING

OWNERSHIP

HISTORY

ECOLOGY 25

OWNERSHIP

The Dodger Property

Los Angeles, Chavez Ravine, and the Dodgers

Elysian Park is Los Angeles's first and oldest park. It was part from King Carlos III from Spain. The initial 550 acres of Elysian Park were,

Elysian Park Ownership 58 -19 0 5 19 Walter O’Malley

0 195 5 94 Branch Ricky

Mrs. Smith Mulvey brothers

Walter O’Malley James Smith

5 197 8 95 Walter O’Malley

9 197 5 97 Walter O’Malley

Mulvey brothers

7 199 9 97 Peter O’Malley

Terry Seidler

9 199 8 99 Fox Entertainment

Group

4 200 9 99 Fox and Robert Daly

Dodger Ownership

The Chavez Ravine Story Personal Ownership

Proposed public housing projects were considered by large figures such as Richard Neutra.

The people of Chavez Ravine thrived as a close community by running their own schools, churches, food, and livestock

Chavez ravine is identified to have three main neighborhoods; Palo Verde, La Loma, and Bishop. All of which were known as a “poor man’s shantytown.”

By the late 1950’s public housing projects fell through due to political scandal and funding

By 1951 Chavez Ravine was slated for redevelopment under the National Housing Act of 1949, and the families that once lived there were relocated.

1950’s

1940’s Community

Chavez Ravine of the 1940s was home to some 300 families – home to mostly low income Hispanic families.

The Chavez Ravine land was now owned by the government and projected to be designed as a large public housing project in the 1950’s.

Development

City of Los Angeles Stated Ownership

Communities

Public vs Private City Streets

Elysian Park Cypress Park

Silverlake Koreatown

Koreatown

Westlake

Elysian Park

Lincoln Heights Griffith Park

Chinatown

Central City South Los Angeles

Dodger Stadium

Freeways

Boyle Heights

The Cornfields The Americana

Structures

of the original 1781 land grant to the pueblo of Los Angeles

"forever dedicated to the public..."

Dodger Stadium nt

e res 2-P

01 4-2

200

Elysian Park

Frank McCourt

201

Guggenheim Management

Dodger Lot

The city of Los Angeles bought the now vacant property from the federal government for about$1.3 million dollars which was at a discount as long as the city would use the land for public projects.

Past

Present

SITE

Los Angeles

Los Angeles Personal ownership to site Awareness to site

1960’s From 1954-1957 the last of the residents were forcibly removed from Chavez Ravine and the land traded to Dodger owner Walter O’Malley for Wrigley field, annual property tax, and maintaining 40 acre public parks

Unaware to site

Result

In result of the shifts in ownership of the Chavez Ravine through development and land usages, the sense of personal ownership versus actual ownership can be identified. Whereas in the past, Chavez Ravine was a site of strong personal ownership by the people who inhabited the property, the settlement of Dodger Stadium expanded the actual ownership with the term “L.A. Dodgers” but in result the strong personal ownership of the site is dispersed throughout the city.

HISTORY

1890

1910

1950

Population: 50,000

Population: 319,198

Population: 1,970,058 Los Angeles becomes the fourth largest city in the U.S.

Dodger Stadium

SPRIN

MAIN

1868

Railroad The first railroad in Southern California is constructed. Subsequent rails will connect Los Angeles to the rest of the nation.

1860

1892

1914

Oil is discovered all over the Los Angeles area and becomes one of its chief exports.

The first gas station is built in Los Angeles

1915 1913

1873

1897

The seedless navel orange is introduced to California from Brazil and quickly becomes the main economy for the area.

The first automobiles are driven in Los Angeles

1870

1880

1890

1874 City Rail

1883

The first rail line in the city is built on Main between Spring and 6th Street to bring workers to the business buildings.

Charles Byrne, Joseph Doyle, and Ferdinand Abell start baseball team called the Brooklyn Grays.

1874 Horse drawn streetcar systems develop in Pasadena, Ontario, Santa Monica, and San Bernardino.

Dodger’s Begin

1889 Dodgers move to the National League after winning the American League.

1939 The first televised baseball game

LA Aqueduct

1940

1929 Black Tuesday

Freeways The Arroyo Seco Parkway opens between Downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena effectively becoming the nation’s first freeway.

The Los Angeles Aqueduct is completed which brings 1915 water from Owens Valley to There are now 55,000 cars the growing city. driving in Los Angeles

1900 1901 Intercity Rail

Henry Ford uses the assembly line to produce affordable automobiles for the average American.

1910

1920

1930

1913

1920

1920’s-1930’s

Chavez Ravine Gets Residents

Hollywood’s film industry produces 80 percent of the world’s movies making Los Angeles famous.

Car Era

Henry Huntington establishes the Pacific Electric Railway and the 250 Mexican-American families moved to Chavez Red Car street cars Ravine from the dangerous LA River Floodplain. Three communities form: Las Lomas, Palo Verde, and Bishop.

1940

Cars are increasingly the main mode of transportation and as a result, trains are being shut down, there is a lack of public support for a subway or elevated rail system, and bus lines are to replace the red cars. To deal with congestion levels and urban overcrowding, urban planners suggest an automobile orientated development scheme.

1920 Residents of Chavez Ravine fight and win to close the local brick companies. A new ordinance is passed prohibiting blasting and zoned the Chavez Ravine as residential.

1942 The first parking meter in the world is installed in Los Angeles.

1960 Population: 2,479,015 Los Angeles becomes the third largest city in the U.S.

October, 1957

Dodger’s Move The city council pass the deal and the Dodgers announce their official move to Los Angeles.

1956

1930’s-1960’s

Federal-Aid Highway Act

Freeway Era After the Great Depression Los Angeles was broke. With a large number of cars and intense congestion, the city had to find a way to make the automobile and infrastructure compatible. The Collier-Burns and Federal-Aid Highway Acts allowed Los Angeles to build freeways and create the sprawling city of today.

1951 Housing project fails because the LA Times portrays it as Marxist.

25 Billion for a new interstate highway system.

1953 Chavez Ravine Sold Chavez Ravine Land sold to the city from the federal government. The sale stipulated the land be used for “appropriate public purpose”

1957 Walter O’Malley learns the Chavez Ravine deal is not legal because the stadium is not an “appropriate public purpose.”

December 1, 1957 Referendum Public petition deal and a referendum is put on the June 3, 1958 ballot under Proposition “B.”

1957 20 families who resisted their eviction orders remain in Chavez Ravine.

January 13, 1959 The city submits a writ of prohibition to the CA Supreme Court who rule the deal legal.

April 20, 1959 Petitioned again to the CA Supreme Court who rule the deal legal.

May 9, 1959

Black Friday A mob of bulldozers and sheriffs and media physically eject the residents from Chavez Ravine and bulldoze the homes over.

1950

1960

1947

1950

Breaking the Color Barrier

Housing Project

The Dodgers sign Jackie Robinson who becomes the first AfricanAmerican player for the major league. Robinson was chosen for his exceptional baseball skills and personal character to endure any racist abuse from the crowds. He was the first African-American in the Hall of Fame.

Mayor Fletcher Brown and city council vote for a 10,000 housing unit project for an estimated cost of 110 million dollars. 254 Acres in Chavez Ravine will be used to build 24 thirteen story towers and 163 low rises.

Walter O’Malley tries to have a new stadium build in Brooklyn for the Dodgers. Unable to reach an agreement with city officials in regards to land acquisition. He begins to inquire in other cities.

1950

LA and the Dodgers

1949

Eminent Domain

Federal Housing Act Money is granted to cities from the federal government to build public housing projects.

Los Angeles City Housing Authority sends out eviction notices to the residence of Las Lomas, Palo Verdes, and Bishop that claims 170 acres of Chaves Ravine under eminent domain.

The city wants a baseball team, but all Major League teams are still on the East Coast. The city offers Chavez Ravine for a new Dodgers stadium.

1949

1950

Collier-Burns Highway Act

Walter O’Malley becomes President of the Dodgers

76 Million annually to help improve California’s streets and highways.

Early 1950’s Dodgers Seek Larger Stadium

1955

May 11, 1957

January 17, 1958

Mayor Poulson has the deed of sale reworded by the Housing Authority to allow for a deal with the Dodgers.

O’Malley secures the LA coliseum for the Dodgers while the Stadium is being built.

1957

Deal The city of LA would trade 300 acres of chavez ravine, spend $2 million in land grading, split any oil profits if it’s found, and spend $2.7 million for access roads to the stadium. The Dodgers will trade Wrigley Field (2.5 million in worth), pay $350,000 in annual property taxes, and maintain a 40 acre public park for 20 years, then they can keep the land. The park would qualify as an appropriate public purpose

1958 Scare tactics are used to win Referendum voters. Vote yes for baseball. Vote no for Baseball Haters.

June 3, 1958 Referendum defeated

April 10, 1962

Baseball in Los Angeles Construction of the stadium finished and the first game is played on April 10.

June 6, 1958 Preliminary injunction issued and its brought to the CA Superior Court who rule it illegal.

ECOLOGY

DodgerDodgers StadiumStadium

ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS BROADER HABITAT CONNECTION

LA COUNTY Angeles National Forest Griffith Park

THE PACIFIC FLYWAY

Dodger Stadium

Whittier Narrows Dam Recreational Area

Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge

LA County

Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve

LOS ANGELES

Red-Tailed Hawk

Red-Winged Blackbird

Cliff Swallow

Great Heron

Snowy Egret

Spotted Sand-Pipe

Black-Crowned Night Heron

LA RIVER BIRD SPECIES A large number of birds found in and around the LA River follow the Pacific Flyway in their migratory routes. Park poor LA leaves few choices for these birds to use as rest stops and feeding grounds. Areas such as Griffith Park and Whittier Narrows are important aerial “stepping stones” en route to other habitat spaces such as the wildlife refuge in Seal Beach and the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve.

URBAN POLLUTION

LOS ANGELES RIVER 30

VEGETATION + HABITAT

Cotton Tail

Racoon

Coyote

INTRODUCED NON-NATIVES vegetation

Humming Bird

Parking Lot 160 Acres

Property 275 Acres

HEAT ISLAND The asphalt paved parking

Artemisia Californica

HEAT ISLAND

Arctostaphylos spp.

NATIVE VEGETATION

Ceanothus spp.

COASTAL SAGESCRUB

Bacharris spp.

HABITAT

Towhee

Salvia spp.

Deer

Eriogonum spp.

Habitat space and vegetation in and around Dodger stadium would fall under the plant community of coastal sage scrub under undisturbed conditions. But since the heavy engineering and management of this area, it has taken on a completely different look. In Dodger Stadiumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s expansive parking lot, several hundreds of trees exist and seem to grow directly from the asphalt it is surrounded by. Instead of being covered by low and shrubby sage scrub vegetation, a variety of neatly trimmed fan palms and several species of pines can be seen throughout the enourmous lot. The same can be said for Elysian Park where the engineered hills are covered by varieties of palm, eucalyptus, and palm trees. Large expanses of ornamental lawn can also be seen. Even though the vegetation in this area is not what would ideally be found, it does create opportunities for some creatures to thrive. Cotton tail rabbits, raccoons, and coyotes are not uncommon in this area where peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s litter can sometimes hide food for these scavengers. Other species such as deer are not present at all thanks to the controlled nature of the habitat.

lot at dodger stadium can be 1-20 degrees warmer than the ambient tempurature

PROPERTY USAGE

depending on the time of the day.

The properties of Dodger Stadium and Elysian Park are enormous in scale compared to anything else in the metropolitan Los Angeles area. With Elysian Park being used as a public park, and Dodger Stadium being used as a single purpose ballpark, Dodger Stadium holds a tremendous amount of space that lies in vacancy for the majority of the year.

STORMWATER Since almost half of the Dodger Stadium property is paved, storm water is quickly diverted into drains where it will flow into the LA River. Close to 3 million gallons can be expected from a 1inch storm.

Elysian Park 600 Acres

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

FIELD STUDIES: SAN FRANCISCO

MINT PLAZA

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

LEVI PLAZA

UNION PLAZA

De YOUNG MUSEUM

TELEGRAPH HILL

AT&T PARK

DUTCH WINDMILL

LOMBARD STREET

RINCON PARK

SUTRO BATHS

CRISSY FIELD 33

MINT PLAZA SAN FRANCISCO

Mint Plaza is a public pedestrian plaza and public event space located in the heart of downtown San Francisco. Previously a downtown back alley and street, the project is characterized as a tactical urbanism redevelopment using its existing street condition to form its current design.

Mint Plazaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design has transformed a downtown back alley into a public pedestrian plaza and open space. The plaza both serves adjacent buildings and provides a needed public space for the surrounding businesses and the community of San Francisco as a whole. As a past-formalized street, the new space creates a new urban design typology of the urban pocket park. The materials and the infrastructure of the site suggest the permanence of the space. The materials of the space are durable and made to last a long time suggesting the economic stability of the space will also last a long time. Elements such as the arbor and rain gardens shape space, but also perform as sustainable infrastructure

SHIFT

PAST FORMALIZED STREET

PRESENT OPEN SPACE PLAZA

TACTICAL SHIFT

SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO

Union Square is known to be the heart of San Francisco and is bordered by Geary, Powell, and Post Street. The square 2.6 acre plaza that is equivalent to a one block radius serves multiples uses year-round and is designated as a California historical landmark.

INTRODUCTION The success of Union Square and its related term, the heart of San Francisco, is due to its designed planning upon the city grid and its surrounding amenities. The Union Square neighborhood is known best for its high-end shopping areas and art galleries that surround the parks border. The plaza is also located west of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Financial District and is surrounded by transportation routes that make the plaza readily accessible. One of the main features to its design is how

the plazas edge condition connects to the surrounding city context. On a human scale, the plaza can be viewed from all angles, which is effective to attract and bring the public into the realm of the square plaza. Also, the several types of uses from seasonal to daily occupancy improve the lifespan of the plaza and adds to the depth of Union Square.

CIRCULATION

Union Square Anchor Points

Commercial Areas

The urban design of Union Square revolves around the four main entrances that virtually anchor the plaza onto the site. With each entrance serving the public realm as an attraction spot, such as the famous San Francisco heart, the entrances act as a main artery in which public circulation enters and exits.

TRANSPORTATION Post St. . Powell St

Transportation serves as a key role in the circulation of Union Square. The plaza is ideally located along major transportation lines such as the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historic cable car line that runs directly along Powell St. As well as several San Francisco bus transit lines that weave throughout its surroundings. This allows the plaza to be a public hub in which people can easily access the site.

Geary St.

Cable Car Transit

MUNI Bus Lines

AT&T PARK

SAN FRANCISCO

Serving as the home ballpark for the San Francisco Giants, AT&T Park is comfortably fitted into the urban fabric of the city. Access to multiple modes of public transportation help visitors easily reach the stadium without the need of a car. NTS

Opened in the year 2000, AT&T Park has served as San Franciscoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s home for Major League baseball. The stadium has the capacity to seat close to 42,000 fans and has enough parking spaces for about 4,000 cars. The footprint that this stadium sits on, along with its parking lots, is dramatically smaller than the space that Dodger Stadium sits on. One major reason for size differences between stadiums is that

AT&T Park is neatly placed within the existing ordered grid of the city. This gives certain limits to how much space can be taken without having to account for automobile, pedestrian, and public transport circulation. Some of the strengths of this stadium include the fact that the site is situated relatively close to the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban core and that several public transportation systems provide ease of access.

AT&T PARK

P P P

NTS

ALIGNMENT

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Alignment to the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban grid dictates how much space can be taken by one entity. Besides having the bay as a major consideration in size limit, alignment to the urban grid also has a benefit of ease of transportation opportunities.

One of the strengths of this stadium is the fact that there are several ways to easily get to the site. MUNI Metro and Bus can help local visitors to get there quickly and cheaply. Visitors from the greater bay area can use the BART or the CALTRAIN system.

RINCON PARK SAN FRANCISCO

Rincon Park is two acres long and is primarily grassy lawns with flower beds and seat walls. It runs along the ocean and is most famous for Cupidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Span, a sculpture created by Blaes Oldenburg and Cossie van Bruggen. Framing the scenic vistas over the water and to the Bay Bridge, the sculpture has become a modern iconic landmark.

EDGE CONDITION Rincon Park runs adjacent to the ocean which creates a hard edge against the site. The site deals with that edge by using the scenic views. The benches and seat walls are all orientated towards the ocean while the main pedestrian thoroughfare runs parallel and only a few feet from the edge. The large sculptural piece, Cupidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Span, is larger than life and helps to frame the view. From almost any vantage point, the bow and arrow complements the Bay Bridge, ocean, Treasure Island, or the Embarcadero. The large lawn areas, seating areas, and general lack of canopy trees also makes the area a prime location for the firework shows on the 4th of July and New Years.

200

500

VARYING SCALES The park is best know for the dominating Cupidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Span, a sixtyfour foot high and hundred and forty-three foot long sculpture. The larger than life bow and arrow rests majestically on top of a grassy knoll and commands the attention of passerbyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Large as the sculpture is, it is dwarfed by the Bay Bridge that raises hundreds of feet out of great expanse of ocean. Between the sculpture, bridge, and water, it takes a moment to notice the smaller details of the site. Along many of the seat walls, instead of simple metal skateboard deterrents, there are cast iron sea creatures. Small octopi, sea turtles, and starfish dot the seats giving the park an extra charm and reinforcing its connection to the nearby ocean.

COMMON DESIGN Designed by the Olin Partnership and Cheryl Barton Associates of San Francisco, the park also features the artwork of Blaes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. Despite having so many designers, the park is cohesive and integrates their many styles.

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO

Above the California Academy of Sciences is a 2.5 acre living roof that was built in 2008. The new roof system serves a multitude of services from energy efficacy, reduction of carbon footprint, to wildlife preservation.

INFRASTRUCTURE The California Academy of Sciences, also known as the “world’s greenest museum,” highlights the 2.5 acre living roof that rests above the three story historic museum. The structure and form of the roof is derived from the contours of the two main exhibits that is contained within the museum and flows throughout the roofs surface. The structural component of the roof is stable due to its grid design of square plots of vegetation that keeps any part of the roof from shifting down the steep slope grades. This grid system also serves as an effective way to organize and catalog the several species of vegetation on the roof.

MAINTENANCE The roof system is also identified to have a life expectancy of 40 to 60 years before large maintenance is needed to re-waterproof and check for periodic weathering. The Academy of Science also employs volunteers and holds educational workshop to remove any invasive and threating species that are formed on the roof due to the nature of its location. Notably, the three species that are mainly used on the roof are Beach Strawberry, Self Heal, and several types of moss.

LOCAL ECOLOGY The living roof also serves the purpose of acting as a habitat corridor for local species. Specifically, the Brewerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Blackbird is known to have a permanent residence around the Academy of Science and the living roof acts a safe surface in which they can breed in safely away from threatening species. The roof also serves as a green corridor for a few rare and endangered species of birds that travel across.

DE YOUNG SAN FRANCISCO

Located in the heart of San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, the De Young Museum has been a part of San Francisco since 1895. Though its 100-year plus life span, a recent De Young opened in 2005 as a new building in an attempt to revitalize an existing landmark for the city of San Francisco.

The architecture of the building poses a strong narrative that relates and complements its natural surroundings consisting mainly of eucalyptus trees that border the building. The structure’s unique copper facade is perforated and textured to replicate the impression made by light filtering through a tree canopy, generating an impression made by light, resonating with the surrounding trees. The use of copper in the building’s façade was chosen for its changeable quality through oxidation, relating back to the natural; as the trees will also change and age over time.

In relationship to its neighboring structure across the way that is the California Academy of Sciences, the attitude towards building is in many ways different. While the Academyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure is an adaptive re-use building, the De Young was built from scratch, utilizing expensive materials and more intrigue building methods. The ideology toward the structure implies a certain degree of power. In direct connection, the idea of power enforced in its 144 foot tower that provides an almost 360 degree view of the city of San Francisco

DUTCH WINDMILL SAN FRANCISCO The Dutch and Murphy windmills were so successful in pumping fresh water that it transformed the San Francisco coastline from sandy barren dunes to being able to support Golden Gate park. With over two million trees, the park was at one point the largest botanical garden in the world.

Wind from the ocean turn the blades of the windmill

2013 Electrical pumps now provide water to the park, but its existance is due to original windmills. 1910 Golden Gate Park is supporting over 2 million trees on the water pumped from the windmills. 1850 San Francisco is primarily sand dunes and unable to support plant growth.

The blades generate pressure which pushes the fresh water from below the dunes to the surface.

Fresh water is pumped to the sandy San Francisco landscape which enables Golden Gate Park to be built and sustained.

CREATING CHANGE

A DERELICT LANDMARK

The original San Francisco coast was a barren area with only windblown sand dunes. Beside the sparse native vegetation, no plants could survive in such an environment. Fresh water was discovered under the sand dunes and drilling started as early as 1873. In 1902 construction began on windmills to pump water from beneath the dunes and into the new Golden Gate Park. The fresh water transformed the sandy terrain of San Francisco for the first time into a fertile environment.

By 1913 electrical pumps were able to move infinitely more water than the windmills making them obsolete. By the 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the windmills were derelict from years of neglect, salt water decay, and vandalism. Due in large thanks to Mrs. Eleanor Rossi Crabtree, sufficient funds were gathered to restore the windmills in 1976. Today the North Dutch Windmill and South Murphy Windmill are in a state of decay again, but still stand as a resplendent historic icon of San Francisco.

SUTRO BATHS SAN FRANCISCO

Built in the late 1890’s, this site was a recreational swimming facility that transformed what it was to go swimming at the beach. NTS

Built as an attraction in the late 1890’s, the Sutro Baths were a way to swim in the ocean (without swimming in the ocean). Several pools were flooded with water from the adjacent ocean in order to create a covered swimming complex. Using several techniques in engineering, water was let into the pools using the ocean’s high tides or pumping water

in during low tide. The ocean’s frigid waters were also tamed using a heating system. High costs in maintenance and struggles in operation eventually led to the demise of the Sutro Baths. With its struggles aside, one of the reasons this place is important is that it gave a new definition to the “edge” that is the beach.

http://goo.gl/sQHih

NEW HABITAT

THE (IN)FINITE EDGE

The Sutro Baths site has been abandoned for almost 50yrs but signs of life are reemerging. Within the last year, a river otter thought to be snuffed out of the area, has reappeared. A close eye is being kept on this otter which is starting to make frequent appearences in this site.

The notion of the beach and the ocean can seem like a finite thing in this area of the city. But projects like the Sutro Baths can transform this meaning and turn it into something else. Even if the â&#x20AC;&#x153;actualâ&#x20AC;? Sutro Baths are gone, its ruins are still providing an interesting attraction at the edge of the city.

LEVI PLAZA SAN FRANCISCO

Levi Plaza is a private park owned by the Levi Strauss & Company. Featuring a small plaza with large one piece carnelian granite fountain and a small pastoral open area with a meandering stream, the park is a tranquil retreat just steps from the busy Embarcadero.

PUBLIC PRIVATE Levi Plaza is technically a privately owned by the Levi Strauss & Company. Intended as a gathering space for workers to relax, the plaza has very strict rules for visitors. Security is constantly on patrol to dissuade many from taking photos and touring the grounds in groups. The plazaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s actual rules include no blankets, sitting in one spot for more than one hour, touching the water, games or playing, and no alcohol. Meticulously maintained by Levi Strauss, the park has a public private feel. Although privately owned, the public still use and enjoy the space.

DESIGN INTENT Designed by Lawrence Halprin, the park has two distinct areas. The first is a small paved plaza that is enclosed on three sides by the office buildings. Centered in the middle of the plaza is a once piece carnelian granite fountain. Water starts at the top of the stone and trickles over the edges. The water gathers in a shallow pool before tumbling over an edge into a representative waterfall with small rectangular stones at the bottom. The main fountain is flanked by smaller jets of water, plantings, and steps. Across the street is a pastoral type park that features a meandering stream and another fountain. The fountain is also a representative of a waterfall, but features more falls than its larger counterpart. The water runs from the highly geometric fountain into an organically winding stream that ends in a small pool with stepping stones.

TELEGRAPH HILL SAN FRANCISCO

The historic district of Telegraph Hill serves as a valuable example on how communities and structures can still exist and circulate even in really steep topographic conditions. NTS

The district of Telegraph hill has seen many changes in its tenants and uses but people have had an ongoing engagement with the hill throughout the years. Some areas of the hill are close to a fifty percent grade but some how people still live on the edge of the hill. This creates a good example of how some of the hills surrounding dodger stadium

could be engaged without drastically changing its topography. Housing size and circulation routes are dramatically scaled down in comparison to how some of the surrounding areas of Telegraph Hill are engaged but valuable lessons still exist within this community.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;WOODEN STREETSâ&#x20AC;?

SCALE

This tight-knit community in the middle of the Telegraph Hill district uses wooden paths as circulation between homes and back to the main roads. This high density area of homes has a community feel of its own as most residents in this area interact with each other.

Most homes in the Telegraph Hill District handle the steep terrain by reducing the footprint of the structure and making them multi-leveled (often 3-4 levels). This provides an adequate amount of square footage while still retaining a small footprint.

LOMBARD STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

Lombard Street is most notable for its switchback roads that run between Hyde and Leavenworth St. The street is designed with a one way circulation downhill and runs about 1/4 mile along the windy path.

HISTORY With a steep incline of 27% grade change from Hyde to Leavenworth Street in which vehicles were unable to travel across, property values of the surrounding neighborhood began to drop. From a reaction to this, owner Carl Henry, consulted civil engineers in which several proposals from tunneling to terracing were proposed. Eventually the concept of switchbacks was constructed and in place property value rose, and gave way for the new high-end multi-unit buildings we see today.

ENGINEERING The several engineered switchback were constructed to combat the original steep incline of 27%. Proposed by owner Carl Henry, since the topography of the landform made vehicular travel virtually impossible, the design of eight switchbacks and 250 steps on each side allowed the slope of 27% to be decreased to 16%.

27%

16%

27% PAST

16%

PRESENT

SLOPE MITIGATION

EDGE CONDITION On each side of Lombard Street, residential homes are located along its 16% slope grade change. With several homes directly connected to the ends of each turn by garages and walkways, this design allows maximum usage of the site and connection from residential edge to the street edge. In addition, each resident is entitled to parts of planting plots that run along the switchbacks, this in a sense acts as their front yards as well as their personal garden space.

CRISSY FIELD SAN FRANCISCO

Crissy Field in San Francisco’s bay is a national park conversion that was once the location of the U.S Sixth Army’s military installation at the Presidio. Now a popular waterfront park, the design of the project uses landform that brace wind and wave attacks, connecting the current space to its history.

As a national park conversion of the U.S Sixth Army’s military installation at the Presidio into a waterfront national park, the site is an example of an adaptive reuse project that makes a stronger link to its past. The past connection is linked in design elements such as landform that mimics the past activity uses. Hargreaves Associates, the designers of the site, reintroduce and amplify convoluted landforms generated by bracing wind and wave attacks on the site. More specifically, the convoluted landforms mimic the patterns of the old fighter jets patterns, implying a very strategic narrative that relates to its defensive location.

With strong historical connections, the project also addresses broader urban issues, such as the need for a larger open space in contrast to the dense urbanity of the nearby city. The site is recreational as well as passive, which is used by people in different ways. The site also covers the rehabilitation and restoration of the waterfrontâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural landscape that is characterized of sand dune fields and wetlands, which reintroduces and facilitates the health and safety of the public and local wildlife. Over all, the design is simple but effective in both its uses and narrative.

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

MIDTERM PROCESS

Our required midterm presentation allowed us to formalize our ideas into well thought out concepts. Before this point, we had many ideas, sketches, and simple images, but the looming midterm basically forced us to push those ideas and sketches further. Design strategies, zoning, massing, typologies, and connectivity were studied and developed for our midterm presentation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES Ecology Open Space Infrastructure Transportation/ Circulation

SKETCHES: DENSITY MASSING

ZONING MAP High Density Development Medium Density Development Low Density Development Open Space

Low Density Development

Medium Density Development

High Density Development

BUILDING MASSING

High Density Development

PRESERVING AN ICON ON THE HILL

Medium Density Development

Low Density Development

Open Space

CONNECTIVITY CONCEPT SKETCH

VISUAL EXTENSION

GREEN ROOFS

Green roofs create a visual extension of the park.

Green roofs on different buildings will be connected to create a pedestrian corridor and extended parkway.

Plain Roofs

BUILDING DIAGRAM Green Roofs

Green roofs on building tops will create an opportunity to link to other habitats and parks.

CONNECTIVITY

THE BALL PARK

FRAMEWORK PLAN

11 11

10 10

LEGEND

55 22 44

1. PUBLIC TRANSIT HUB 2. DODGER BLUE LINE 3. CONNECTOR CORRIDOR 4. HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT 5. LOW DENSITY DEVELOPMENT 6. MEDIUM DENSITY DEVELOPMENT 7. PARK AT THE PARK 8. RETENTION BASIN 9. MUSEUM 10. TRAIL SYSTEM 11. ELYSIAN PARK PROGRAMMING

SCALE: NTS

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

PRESENTATIONS, CHARRETTES, AND LECTURES

CHARRETTE #1

CHARRETTE #2 66

MIDTERM PRESENTATION

FINAL REVIEW 67

THE BALL PARK Bringing the stadium to the city, and the city to the stadium.

THE BALL PARK

Park space in LA is not easily accessible to everyone in the city. In terms of volume, the city does hold some key resources but there is a problem in how this open space is used and accessed by people as well as by natural organisms. Along with small pockets of open space scattered throughout Los Angeles, there is a consolidation of two major bodies of open space areas within the metropolitan LA area: Elysian and Griffith Park. These open space areas are used primarily for recreational programming and mediocre efforts in conservation resulting in severely underutilized open space. Preserving the remaining open space resources is crucial, however a more important strategy should focus on how we shift the way these parks are used to serve the city of Los Angeles in a more meaningful fashion. The usage of these opens spaces is crucial for the health and advancement of the city. Of the two major open spaces within the metropolitan LA area, Elysian park is severely underutilized and has the potential to serve the city in a much greater manner. The park’s limited range in programming, coupled with nonexistent public transportation connections, leaves little for the people of LA to desire. The park is heavy with passive areas for picnicking and trails for walking as well as more active spaces that include little league baseball fields. The site is also home to LA’s Police Academy and the Chavez Ravine Arboretum. With the activities currently offered, Elysian park is far from the “paradise” that its name was originally intended to convey. Topography is partially to blame for the limited amount of programming at Elysian park, but as its neighbor from across the street has shown, Dodger Stadium has overcome topographical issues by heavily engineering the site it (and its massive parking lots) sits on. Dodger stadium sits on a property almost 300 acres in size where almost half of that is covered in asphalt to accommodate 16,000 parking spaces. The home of the LA Dodgers is a huge attraction in itself for the residents of the greater LA area but getting to it can be a challenge on game day. LA’s notorious traffic along with the under scaled transportation infrastructure surrounding the stadium can lead to a frustrating trip to the game. The stadium and its property are

utilized heavily on game day, but what happens when there is no game at the stadium? The stadium, and more importantly the parking lots, stays relatively empty most of the year since a baseball season typically entails less than 100 home games. That means that for almost two thirds of the year, Dodger stadium and its 160 acres of parking space sit empty with no public access to it. With Elysian Park’s lack in programming options and Dodger stadium’s empty parking lots, a great amount of space is being preserved but more can be done with these spaces to better serve the people of LA. Greater access into this large combination of space, as well as improvements in social performance would give this area the opportunity to give so much more to the people of the city. Along with changes in accessibility and social performance, making the land perform ecologically could provide new lifestyles and a new way of living. LA is ready for a cultural shift by blurring boundaries and reevaluating the role of open space within the city. As the population of LA continues to increase, creative solutions need to be found that provide enough open space to improve both the environmental and social health of the city. Elysian Park and Dodger Stadium are extremely valuable pieces of land for both monetary and symbolic reasons, but essentially holding them hostage from the rest of the city is simply a waste of space where development pressures within the city are increasing. The combination of Elysian Park’s open space and the local icon that is Dodger Stadium, have the potential to serve as a vibrant nexus and a completely new way of urban living within the city of Los Angeles. A reevaluated Elysian Park can serve as a regional hub for programmable functions and activities, while Dodger Stadium can provide the iconic symbol and entertainment base that will continue to appeal to people. The hybridization of open space and a thriving baseball stadium can give new meaning to what the old “ball park” can become. In order to benefit Los Angeles in the future, this new ball park would have to accommodate people all year around. One way this could happen is by having people living in this new ball park hybrid. Even with the large amount of space that Elysian

Park and the Dodger Stadium parking lots provide, there simply isn’t enough space to accommodate future generations with single family homes. This new development at the “ball park” would surely have to be some form of high density living. With the implementation of upgraded transportation infrastructure, updated social programs, and an implementation of ecological performance measures, this new Ball Park development has a chance to create a new way of living. The Ball Park is something that can provide a new lifestyle to the people living in it, but it must also be accessible to the rest of the city. The problems that plague the city’s parks must be addressed in order for this new system to work. Accessibility to the ball park is extremely important and must be addressed effectively before the rest of the new Ball Park starts to take shape. Los Angeles’ network of parks is very fragmented in comparison to other cities in the country. This gives reason to the “park poor” label that is usually associated with LA. In one example, over 95 percent of the residents in San Francisco, Boston, and New York all have access to a park within half a mile. The percentage for residents in Los Angeles who have access to a park at walking distance (half a mile) is dramatically lower at 52 percent. Considering that most of the volume of open space in Los Angeles is concentrated in larger and separated parcels, the percentage of people accessing those areas might be smaller. It is unimaginable to think that these large spaces can be broken up and divided evenly amongst the city, but people in the city should all have the opportunity to reach this space easily. It is currently difficult to do this unless you live right next to these open spaces or drive into it. Elysian Park has no public bus lines that take you into it. There are bus lines that will take you close to the park, but that leaves a person with a walk that can be strenuous considering the elevation changes in that area. Accessing Dodger games can be difficult in their own right. Most people drive to the stadium creating a viscous transition from the major boulevards and freeways into the smaller streets surrounding the stadium, before making it to the parking lot. Mitigating these issues can be difficult considering the scale of this location compared to anything else in the city, but improvements are imperative if the Ball Park is to function in the future. Enhancement of public transportation systems would create a new viable option for getting to the ball park. The easiest way to get to Dodger Stadium and Elysian Park at the moment is to drive there. LA Metro’s “gold line” is the nearest light rail connection to Elysian Park, but it is not close enough to walk to easily. One option would be to connect a bus or shuttle to the gold line and exclusively bring passengers back and forth. This seems like a viable option when there is not a game going on at the stadium, but what happens when large amounts of people need to get to the stadium? A simple shuttle system would quickly be overwhelmed. In planning for a “worst case scenario” for getting people up and down to Dodger Stadium on game day, a range in options seems like the best method for moving close to 40,000 people into the site. We are a far cry from saying that people in LA will stop driving their cars anytime soon, but if somehow the number of cars coming into the site can be lessened, streets around the site might not be as congested. In planning for the future and for game day and non game day scenarios, another option would be to have a new light rail line connecting the gold line at Chinatown, to the “red line” past Silver Lake. This new line would have at least one stop at Dodger Stadium before continuing towards Sunset Blvd before getting to the red line. A new light rail line would only open the Ball Park up to more people. Dodger fans come from all over southern California. Many of them do not live in Los Angeles but still make the trek to games through automobile. A system of “satellite” parking would be offered to those fans that make the trip from outside of LA. An example of this can already be seen at the Hollywood Bowl where concert goers from the greater LA region are shuttled in and out from pre determined locations (usually malls with large parking lots). One of the main reasons this is done is because the Hollywood Bowl cannot accommodate a large parking lot like other concert venues can. This would be a great option for Dodger fans that live far from the stadium and prefer a stress free way in getting there. The experience of going to the game to see your

favorite team could start as soon as you get on these shuttles. These new options to access the Ball Park are all the beginnings of something bigger for Elysian Park and Dodger Stadium. With public transportation options in place, space in the stadium’s parking lots can be freed in order to move the concept of the Ball Park forward. Accessibility through transportation to the Ball Park is important because people need to get there easily in order to use the space, but what would they do once they got there? Going to see a Dodger game is an option that exists today and will continue to be in option, but the baseball season does not last all year long. The Ball Park needs to be a viable option for entertainment, as well as recreational activities throughout the year. The way people use and interact with the Ball Park is extremely important because the people are what give this space significance and value. Dodger Stadium and its parking lots are essentially an open slate that needs to respond to what the people of LA value. Elysian Park on the other hand, is a space that already offers some amenities and activities that need to be reevaluated and upgraded. Picnic areas walking trails, an arboretum, and a couple of little league baseball fields are mostly what can be found there today. These amenities are still valuable, but they cannot be the only thing going on if the Ball Park is to become the new nexus of LA. Besides a range in sports facilities and trails, a delicate integration of retail shops and entertainment based businesses will only strengthen the attraction to the Ball Park on a year around basis. Combining traditional park space and entertainment based business makes for a convenient mix of options for people to enjoy, but can this space do more than just provide people with things to do? Los Angeles has passed the point where spaces of land are only used for singular functions. It is possible and should be necessary to allow the land that people live and play on, to perform other functions at the same time. One function that should be very important going into the future is the ecological function of cleaning water. An example of this can already be seen at Echo Park just west of Dodger Stadium. Echo Lake was recently drained and reengineered in order to collect and clean storm water runoff. Echo Park will still retain its qualities of recreation and leisure but also covertly collect and clean storm water. Issues of water are extremely important in Southern California where potable water is not plentiful. Dodger Stadium’s parking lots currently create close to 3 million gallons of water for every one inch of rain that falls. Most of that water is diverted into large drains and sent straight into the LA River untreated. This simply cannot continue to happen. Eradicating the large parking lots at the stadium almost instantly makes that situation better. The property at Dodger stadium provides unique opportunities that could help facilitate the treatment of water on site. Topography is the main ally that could help in this effort. Careful grading and diversion of runoff can collect in specific low points where it can slowly infiltrate into the ground water table. Water used from resident and business units could also be diverted and cleaned using new techniques in black water treatment. Within this new development of the Ball Park, interesting opportunities in location arise. Several districts could be implemented, dictating a certain feel and experience through the different areas of the Ball Park. With the help of upgrades in programming and activities, Elysian Park can become the new urban forest where interesting activities can be found. Several districts within Dodger Stadium could also have unique characteristics to them. Concentrations of retail and entertainment businesses would likely be located where transportation corridors come into the site. The differences in topography on the Dodger Stadium site also provide interesting opportunities for structures or homes to be located on. The Ball Park can provide a unique space for the future of Los Angeles. The recreational, entertainment, residential, and ecological aspects can be unique experiences themselves, but the hybridization of them and the interaction between them is truly a special thing. Nothing like this can currently be found in the city of Los Angeles and can prove as model for future developments within the city.

The term “park poor” is subjective depending on who you ask in Los Angeles, but the truth is that the city really is park poor in terms of accessibility. Compared to other major cities around the nation, Los Angeles ranks poorly in walking access (within half a mile) to its 42,278 acres of park space. There are various reasons for this, but among the biggest reasons is proximity of these spaces to each other. LA’s fragmented park system offers small spaces that are few and far between in certain areas while other areas of the city are flooded with large open spaces.

ANALYSIS

“PARK POOR” LA

LOS ANGELES LAND AREA 299,949 acres

PARK SPACE 42,278 acres

1,805,833 without WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

13.1% PARKLAND

POPULATION 3,792,621

1,981,306 with WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

52%

PARK ACCESS

BOSTON LAND AREA 30,897 acres

PARK SPACE 4,908 acres

16,468 without WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

15.9% PARKLAND

POPULATION 617,594

598,055 with WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

97%

PARK ACCESS

NEW YORK LAND AREA 193,692 acres

PARK SPACE 38,201 acres

295,583 without WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

19.7% PARKLAND

POPULATION 8,175,133

7,856,935 with WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

96%

PARK ACCESS

SAN FRANCISCO LAND AREA 29,999 acres

PARK SPACE 5,384 acres

17,439 without WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

17.9% PARKLAND

POPULATION 805,235

784,324 with WALKABLE PARK ACCESS

98%

PARK ACCESS

LA’s fragmented park system is not the only issue plaguing it. In one example, the local icon that is Dodger Stadium, is essentially an urban island that is used for a fraction of the year. The major league baseball season lasts close to six months, but of those six months, the stadium is occupied for about 81 days. That means that for almost two thirds of the year, Dodger Stadium and its enormous parking lots sit empty. More can be done with these spaces to avoid it from sitting empty for the majority of the year. A hybridization of neighboring Elysian Park with Dodger Stadium could help with this endeavor.

ANALYSIS

“MAROONED” SPACES

NIG

OC T OB E R

UAR Y

N OO RN

TER

SPR

12PM

1PM

3P M

M 9A

PROPOSED SEASONAL USAGE

MO R

WI N

Y UAR

AFT E

6AM

R FEB

MARCH

APR

6PM

G NIN

MAY

BER

DECEMBER

JAN

TW IL

T IGH

EM NOV

JUNE

ING

JULY

FA LL

SEPTEMBER

R ME UST AUG

SUM

10P

12AM

CURRENT PARKING LOT USAGE

CURRENT SEASONAL USAGE

10P

12AM

PROPOSED DAILY USAGE

NIG

BER OCT O

6AM

12PM

SPR

1PM

3P M

TER

Baseball Season Concert / Events

M 9A

Dodger Games Shopping / Eating

MO R

WI N

Y UAR

N OO RN

UAR Y

R FEB

MARCH

A PR IL

6PM

AFT E

JA N

MAY

3A M

DECEMBER

JUNE

ING

EMB

G NIN

NOV

T IGH

JULY

TW IL

SUM

U AUG

SEPTEMBER

R ME

Healthy Living / Exercising Residency

Recreational Usage Seasonal Blooming Attraction Seasonal Water Attraction

ANALYSIS

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE

ELYSIAN PARK PERFORMANCE Recreation Community Involvment Seasonal Events Accessability Attractions Ecology

ELYSIAN PARK

LOS ANGELES

Recreation Community Involvment Seasonal Events Accessability Attractions Ecology

CENTRAL PARK

NEW YORK

Recreation

BRING ELYSIAN PARK INTO DODGERS STADIUM

Community Involvment Seasonal Events Accessability

LA’s Elysian Park leaves little to desire when compared to other iconic parks around the nation. Heavy with picnic areas and dilapidated walking trails, most of Elysian Park’s 600 acres are left “preserved” under a canopy of varies species of trees. Most of the amenities or attractions at the park are either maintained poorly, or severely outdated. The park’s neighbor, Dodger Stadium, offers a unique opportunity for expansion of the parks resources. Dodger Stadium’s expansive property size offers a chance at expanding the programs and amenities of Elysian Park (or lack there of ) into the stadium property. Major upgrades in park programming and attractions must be made in order for Elysian Park to serve Los Angeles in a meaningful fashion.

LA RIVER 74

Attractions Ecology

GOLDEN GATE PARK

SAN FRANCISCO

Dodger Stadium has been around since 1962 and serves as a local icon in the city of Los Angeles. The property of the stadium encompasses close to 300 acres of land and almost half of that is used as parking lot space. Aside from the possibilities of recreation and social aspects that could be taking place on this massive property, other ecological functions could be going on as well. This is difficult to accomplish since the property is only open to the public on game days. This property generates incredible amounts of storm water runoff, that gets drained quickly off site, and also contributes to the city’s “heat island” effect.

PARK PERFORMANCE

DODGERS STADIUM

PROPERTY

275 acres PARKING LOTS

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

160 acres

HEAT ISLAND

1-20 degrees warmer STORMWATER

3 million gallons/ 1 inch rainstorm ELYSIAN PARK

600 acres

ACCESSIBILITY

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

THE DODGER BLUE LINE

As of today, accessibility into LAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s larger parks can be difficult. Red Line Vermont/ Unless you live next to Elysian or Griffith Park, chances are that you will Sunset be driving to these parks if you wish to visit them. Currently, there are Station no public bus lines that take you directly into Elysian Park or Dodger Stadium. The METROâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gold line is close to this area, but not close enough. Steep topography and limited pedestrian access hinder most people from walking to the stadium of Elysian Park. One way this can be addressed (and also serve a greater community), is to implement a new METRO line that will connect the gold line with the red line. This creates opportunities for stops in and around Dodger Stadium as well as Elysian Park. Ball Park Station Underground

(Continues underground to Red Line at Sunset/Vermont)

Echo Park Station

6.5% grade maximum

Sunset/ Elysian Parkway Station

Ball Park Station

Cornfileds Station

Cornfields Station On Grade

Gold Line

SATELLITE PARKING + DODGER SHUTTLE SYSTEM

INTERSTATE

BURBANK ARCADIA

GLENDALE

INTERSTATE

PASADENA

GLENDORA

210

RANCHO CUCAMONGA

SAN DIMAS INTERSTATE

WEST COVINA

405

SANTA MONICA

CLAREMONT

BEVERLY HILLS

SAN BERNARDINO

RIALTO FONTANA

COLTON

INTERSTATE

ONTARIO

POMONA

INTERSTATE

REDL

CULVER CITY

INTERSTATE

WALNUT

CHINO CHINO HILLS

MIRA LOMA

RIVERSIDE

INTERSTATE

110

MORENO VALLEY

LA HABRA INTERSTATE

GARDERIA

COMPTON

215

YORBA LINDA

WOODCREST

CORONA

FULLERTON LAKEWOOD

ANAHEIM

TORRANCE CYPRESS

INTERSTATE

LONG BEACH

ORANGE

INTERSTATE

405

WESTMINSTER SANTA ANA

HUNTINGTON BEACH

IRVINE

“THE DODGER EXPERIENCE STARTS ON THE BUS”

Dodgers

While stuck in traffic, Dodger fans can start the game experience early in the bus with beer and other refreshments, snacks, and entertainment.

Another way lessen the dependency of Dodger Stadium’s parking lots is to offer another mode of accessibility aside from a new METRO line. This alternate system would be geared toward Dodger fans who don’t necessarily live near the stadium. This system of “satellite parking” would make use of large parking lots or structures such as mall Dodgers parking lots, that are closer to the fan’s home. Pre-selected regional locations would serve as an off site parking lot and pick up and drop off location for the fans.

Cal Poly Pomona parking structure: 2,400 Stalls (example)

CLAREMONT ONTARIO

POMONA WALNUT

CPP CHINO CHINO HILLS

PARKING CONDITION + STRATEGIES

With new systems of public transportation in place, some of Dodger Stadium’s parking space can be offset, but not all of it. In order to make greater use of space where parking spaces currently sit, large parking structures would have to be created. To further maximize the usage of the current parking space. Parking structures could essentially be created underground. This would allow for a range uses that could be taking place above the parking structures.

ON-SITE PARKING PRIORITY PARKING

Dodger Stadium

On-site parking structures will serve important members of the Dodger Family as well as service seasonal ticket holders

PROXIMITY PARKING PUBLIC PARKING PRIOR REGRISTRATION PARKING

PUBLIC ORIENTATED PARKING

Proximity parking will serve to accommodate ticket holders on game days and function as pre-determined spots given alongside stadium seats.

Paid public parking can be found around the city and public transportation can be used to get to the stadium.

PARKING CIRCULATION

PARKING STRUCTURE CAP PARK ON TOP OF STRUCTURE

Park

Parking structures surrounding the stadium are introduced under proposed park space, to accommodate for surrounding stadium uses and park programming.

1 2

STANDARD MEASURE

170 ft.

4 5 6

60 ft. 125 ft. Parking Structure

500 parking spaces

= 10,000

Dodger’s Parking

DODG

LA’s fragmented park system not only makes it hard for people to visit these parks, but also the wildlife that use spaces as homes and temporary homes. Elysian Park’s size makes it a suitable facilitator of ecological opportunity. With a stronger ecological connection, open spaces in the proximity of Elysian Park can also facilitate some of this ecological opportunity (top image).

ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE GREEN SPACE CONNECTIONS GRIFFITH PARK

ROSE HILL PARK

SILVER LAKE RESERVOIR

E LYSIAN PARK

ECHO PARK LAKE LA STATE HISTORIC PARK

LINCOLN PARK

VISTA HERMOSA PARK GRAND PARK

PIGGYBACK YARDS

PERSHING SQUARE

BALLPARK WATERSHEDS Taking a closer look at the watersheds in Elysian Park and Dodger Stadium, topography dictates where water runoff travels to. With modifications to topography at the stadium’s parking lots, there is a great opportunity to retain or even clean water. This raises options with what can be done with the water on site.

OFF-SITE DRAINAGE ON-SITE DRAINAGE HIGH POINTS

CURRENT CONDITION

PROPOSED CONDITION

RESERVOIR

SOCIAL PERFORMANCE BALL PARK PROGRAMS

LEGEND

Elysian Park The ‘BallPark’ Hydrology Transportation Infrastructure Commercial

With the hybridization of Elysian Park and Dodger Stadium, a whole new set of programs and attractions can be implemented. Geared toward usage around the year, this new “Ball Park” has the potential to serve the various needs and tastes that encompass the city of Los Angeles. Variations of this space can already be found in the city

but nowhere in metropolitan LA can you find a conglomeration of retail and recreational amenities that serve the city on a deeper social and ecological level. The Ball Park can function as the nexus that brings the city closer together and a model for what future development needs to be.

Recreation

Playgrounds

Soccer Fields

Tennis Courts

Trail Systems Walking Paths

Living

Seasonal / Event Space Picnic Areas Seasonal Water Retention/Treatment

Hiking Trails

Camping Sites

Baseball Fields

Basketball Courts

Dog Parks Concert/Event Space

Bike Lanes

Vista / View Points Horse Trails

Trail Systems

Pedestrian

Vehicle

Social Amenities

Bus Transit

Train Transit

Residential Housing Multi-Story Residential

Commercial

Dodger Stadium Attraction

Institutional Educational

In bringing development into the Dodger Stadium property, attention must be given to the location of certain elements. Changes in topography, proximity to entrances, access to views, and proximity to the stadium are all factors in deciding what shape the development might take. After looking at these factors closely for the Ball Park, four typologies have formed. Structure design in the new development will be informed by these four typologies.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES ZONING DEVELOPMENT ZONING STRATEGY

DEVELOPMENT AREA

LIFESTYLES

+ THE BALL PARK

LOCATION VIEWS ACCESSIBILITY

HYDROLOGY TOPOGRAPHY CORRIDORS

= 82

ECO-VILLAGE

COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS

HILLSIDE HOMES

PARK TOWERS

ECO-VILLAGE ZONING LOCATION

HILLSIDE DEVELOPMENT BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

ZONING LOCATION

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Residential Apartments with Private Greenroofs

Residential Lofts with Private Greenroofs

Public Facilities Resident Parking Underground Parking

COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS

PARK TOWERS

ZONING LOCATION

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Residential Lofts with Green Courtyards

ZONING LOCATION

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES Multi-Level Mixed Use Residential

High Commercial Commercial Amenities

Underground Parking Structures

Business Buildings Institutional Parking Structures

DENSITY + LAND USE DIGITAL MASSING

ECO-VILLAGE

HILLSIDE HOMES

COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS

PARK TOWERS

Dwelling Units Per Acre

28 DU/A

22 DU/A

19 DU/A

90 DU/A

PERFORMANCE MEASURES Name: Iron Horse Lofts Location: San Francisco Setting: Urban Courtyards

Name: Rainier Vista Apartments Location: Columbia City, Seattle Setting: Urban

DU/A

Name: South Beach Neighborhood Location: San Francisco, California Setting: Urban

DU/A

LIFESTYLES + ZONING

LAND USE ZONING

LIFESTYLES

ECO-VILLAGE

COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS

HILLSIDE HOMES PARK TOWERS

LEGEND 1-2 story single- family residential

With the principles developed by building typologies, the uses of these buildings, as well as the massing of them, further inform what it might feel like to be in these areas. The amount of people using these structures also dictate what the â&#x20AC;&#x153;lifestyleâ&#x20AC;? might be. The difference in lifestyles is important because the Ball Park aims to facilitate the different needs of the people of Los Angeles.

2-4 story multifamily residential 2-4 story multifamily residential in combination with commercial and/or office use Multistory high commercial use 4+ story high multi-use residential Institutional and education facilities Dodger Stadium

MASTERPLAN

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

In developing a master plan for the Ball Park, synthesizing our analysis of Elysian Park and Dodger Stadium, as well as our proposals for it, were highly important. It was also a priority to address current needs but also to develop ideas that would establish a lifestyle for the future. Many iterations of a master plan were drawn and hashed out in order to create a well informed and cohesive plan. Cues from hydrology and topography (which were important in our design) were used to develop a â&#x20AC;&#x153;languageâ&#x20AC;? that would be carried out through our design.

CONCEPT SKETCHES

CIRCULATION PATTERN SKETCH

DESIGN PROCESS

History Hydrology Topography Ecology Integrated Systems SYSTEM INTEGRATION

FINAL CONCEPT SKETCH

THE BALL PARK 14

LEGEND 1. PARK AT THE PARK 2. CHAVEZ RAVINE MUSEUM 3. RETENTION BASIN 4. PARK OVERLOOK DECK 5. ECO-VILLAGE 6. ENTRY STADIUM PLAZA 7. COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS 8. HILLSIDE HOMES 9. PARK TOWERS 10. TOWER PARK 11. ECO-BOULEVARD CORRIDOR 12. PUBLIC TRANSIT HUB 13. LA STATE HISTORIC PARK 14. ELYSIAN PARK RECREATION FIELDS 15. ELYSIAN TRAIL CONNECTIONS

SCALE: NTS 88

8 11 10

ACCESS ROADS + STREETS

The implementation of transportation infrastructure can be seen in the plan diagram above. Along with the “Dodger Blue” line and underground game day parking structures, a variation of street types can be seen. These street typologies vary according to the amount of traffic they are intended to hold, as well as the type of traffic they are intended to facilitate. This included variations in vehicular traffic as well as pedestrian traffic.

3. 1.

P 3.

P 2.

4. 3.

STREET HIERARCHY

LEGEND

Dodger Blue Line Transit Stops

PARKWAY

PROMENADE

ECOLOGICAL CONNECTOR

SOCIAL CONNECTOR

MAJOR CONNECTOR

ACCESS CONNECTOR

-Pedestrian -Bike -Wildlife Habitat -Coastal Sage Scrub Landscape

-Pedestrian -Public Plaza -Open Space -Retail / Commercial

-Pedestrian -Bike -Vehicular -Large Circulation Access

GREEN STREET

ECO-BOULEVARD

Public / Stadium Parking

Hydrology was an important factor in the design of the Ball Park. In order to allow the Ball Park to function on a multi-systematic level, it was imperative for the hydrology of the project to do more than just drain the site. In our opinion, hydrology is a contributing factor in vegetation and habitat so draining the site like it is done today was not an option. The diagrams above show how water from our development (as well as storm water runoff ) would contribute to a major element in our master plan, a retention pond. New and old technologies were implemented in order to treat and clean the water.

HYDROLOGY

LEGEND BLACK WATER TREATMENT REMOVAL OF INORGANIC SOLIDS, BREAKDOWN OF ORGANIC MATERIALS, AND ANY IMPURITIES ARE REMOVED. BIO-PURIFICATION REMOVAL OF BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (B.O.D), TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS), AND METALS SUB-SURFACE FILTRATION FILTRATION OF SEDIMENTS AND PATHOGENS BIO-PURIFICATION CONTINUED REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS AND HEAVY METALS/ B.O.D/ T.S.S/NITROGEN/ PHOSPORUS SUB-SURFACE FILTRATION

BIO-PURIFICATION

FLOATING PLANTS CONTINUED FILTRATION AND SLOW INFILTRATION OF SOIL

DIRECTIONAL FLOW OF WATER

WATER TREATMENT STRATEGY

WASTE WATER TREATMENT REMOVAL OF INORGANIC SOLIDS, BREAKDOWN OF ORGANIC MATERIALS, AND ANY IMPURITIES ARE REMOVED.

WATER SETTLING ZONE

TIER 1 FLOATING AND EMERGENT PLANTS

TIER 2 SUBMERGED GROWTH PLANTS

TIER 3 FLOATING AND EMERGENT PLANTS

OUTLET ZONE

EMERGENT PLANTS

CLEANED WATER

ECO-VILLAGE PUBLIC PARKSPACE RATIO Green Space

50 %

Building Footprint

50 %

LOCATION MAP

OPEN FORM The infrastructure will be directed toward pedestrian travel into open spaces and waterways through the open form that bleeds park into development.

BUILDING SCALE AND STRUCTURE

1 2

8 6 7

SCALE: NTS

LEGEND 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

ELYSIAN PARK BOARD WALK MULTI-STORY ECO LOFTS WATER CLEANSING CREEK COMMUNITY REC. CENTER MULTI-USE RESIDENTIAL TOP/ COMMERCIAL BOTTOM 7. ECO-BOULEVARD ENTRY 8. DODGER STADIUM 9. GRAND LAWN

LIVING IN THE PARK

COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS PUBLIC PARKSPACE RATIO Green Space

35 %

Building Footprint

65%

SEMI-OPEN FORM The semi-open form will allow green courtyards within building typology and have open space corridors that run in between.

BUILDING SCALE AND STRUCTURE

3 1

4 5

LEGEND

SCALE: NTS

1. ENTRY PLAZA 2. MULTI-STORY COMMERCIAL 3. POCKET PARKS/ PLAZAS 4. PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR 5. WATER CLEANSING CREEK 6. DODGERS STADIUM

THE DODGER EXPERIENCE

HILLSIDE HOMES + PARK TOWERS HILLSIDE HOMES PUBLIC PARKSPACE RATIO Green Space

40 %

Building Footprint

60 %

LOCATION MAP

DISTRIBUTED FORM Infrastructural form will be designed for hillside development and dispersed to allow greenspace to flow through the topography.

PARK TOWERS PUBLIC PARKSPACE RATIO Green Space

BUILDING SCALE AND STRUCTURE

40 %

Building Footprint

60 %

BUILDING SCALE AND STRUCTURE CENTRALIZED FORM To maintain open space to footprint ratio, the centralized form will allow park space to be located within dense residential development.

100

SCALE: NTS

LEGEND 1. 2. 3. 4.

PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR HILLSIDE HOMES PARK TOWERS TOWER PARK

101

HILLSIDE CORRIDOR

102

103

THE BALL PARK

OPEN SPACE + TRAIL SYSTEM

LOCATION MAP

OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGY Sloped Topography Recreation / Sportsfields Open Park Space Elysian Park Trail Routes Dodgers Stadium Infrastructure

104

3 3

9 7

LEGEND

SCALE: NTS

1. CHAVEZ RAVINE MUSEUM 2. RETENTION BASIN 3. PARK OVERLOOK DECK 4. BOARD WALK 5. WILDFLOWER MEADOWS 6. GRAND LAWN 7. RECREATION FIELDS 8. URBAN FOREST 9. DODGERS STADIUM

105

PLAY AND LEARN AT THE PARK

LIVING IN THE MOMENT

108

109

DEVELOPMENT PHASING THE BALL PARK 1ST YEAR PHASING • • •

Start of revitalization of park programs at Elysian Park Strong emphasis on public transportation Implementation of Satellite Parking program

5-10 YEAR PHASING • • • • •

Full implementation of park programs at Elysian Park Construction of public underground parking structures Start of construction on “Dodger Blue” METRO line Close in on outer edges of parking lot Start of re-engineered transportation infrastructure

10-20 YEAR PHASING • • • •

Construction of “Chavez Ravine Museum” Full implementation of transportation infrastructure Implementation of open space and recreational fields Implementation of building infrastructure

30 YEAR PHASING •

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Full implementation of the Ball Park

Take Me Out

to the

BALL PARK

Joshua Leyva | Natalie Rowe | Giovanni Aguirre | HeeJae Lee

With a fragmented park system plaguing the social landscape of Los Angeles, it is time for the city to reclaim spaces that have been marooned for years and make them function and give back to the city. Elysian Park and Dodger Stadium can team up and create a new â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ball Parkâ&#x20AC;? where innovations in accessibility, social performance, and ecological performance can create a new lifestyle to serve as a model, and guide the city into the future.

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REFERENCE WEBSITES http://collegeballparks.com/Petco.asp http://www.jmisports.com/development/projects/petco-park/ http://www.sp-land.com/projsplash.html http://mlblogscookandsonbats.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/e20-20petco20park20in20the20park20i20panorama.jpg http://openbuildings.com/buildings/aquatic-centre-for-southamerican-games-profile-38834 http://www.homevaganza.com/aquatic-centre-for-southamerican-games-by-paisajes-emergentes/ http://www.archdaily.com/79876/aquatic-centre-for-panamerican-games-paisajes-emergentes/ http://landscapeurbanism.com/strategy/aquatic-center/ http://landscapeurbanism.com/strategy/aquatic-center/ http://thecityfix.com/blog/san-francisco-and-medellin-win-2012-sustainable-transport-award/ http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GC2UDLW7e6k/SxBsUutl1tI/AAAAAAAABis/AnlhGbWsBvA/s1600/gato+medellin.JPG www.waterfrontoronto.ca-uploads-documents-lower_don_lands_framework_plan___may_2010_15_mb_1.pdf Proposed revisions to Lower Don Lands plan risks repeating mistakes that created Torontoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s infamous â&#x20AC;Ś.webloc http://www.mvvainc.com/project.php?id=60 http://www.waterfrontoronto.ca/lowerdonlands http://www.asla.org/2009awards/images/largescale/104_06.jpg http://www.archidose.org/May11/02/image05.jpg http://lafent.com/cafe_blog/data/blog/file/ch20n/990340907_419d5f73_C5A9B1E2BAAFC8AF_3.jpg http://lafent.com/cafe_blog/data/blog/file/ch20n/990340907_8dc7a84b_C5A9B1E2BAAFC8AF_5.jpg http://landscapeurbanism.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/watershed-map.jpg http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/ourparks/buffalobayoupark.html http://www.buffalobayou.org/parks.html http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-cityparkfacts-2012.pdf http://www.tpl.org/publications/books-reports/ccpe-publications/city-park-facts-report-2012.html http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/facility/elysianpk.htm http://www.golden-gate-park.com http://www.centralparknyc.org http://www.wired.com/autopia/2008/03/subways-with-ru/ http://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/1178_Visualizing-Density http://www.menlopark.org/departments/pln/he/workshops/5.%20Examples%20of%2030%20Dwelling%20Units%20per%20Acre.pdf http://cmt-stl.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/TOD-Case-Studies-Wellston.pdf http://www.arroyogroup.com/santafedepot/OR-FactSheet-Density.pdf http://densityatlas.org/casestudies/ http://www.metrogis.org/data/info_needs/existing_land_use/codescheme.pdf http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/chavezravine/cr.html http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/05/local/la-me-adv-chavez-ravine-20120405 http://vickeyk.hubpages.com/hub/The_Battle_of_Chavez_Ravine__Short_Version http://www.baseball-statistics.com/Ballparks/LA/ http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/la/history/owners.jsp http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/la/history/timeline.jsp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_owners_and_executives http://www.cmgsite.com/projects/urban-spaces/mint-plaza/ http://www.hargreaves.com/projects/Waterfronts/CrissyField/

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Special thanks to Andy Wilcox, Sean Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Malley, Kevin Slawson, Pavel Petrov, and Drew Watkins. Your hard work and dedication to the studio was appreciated.

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