THAI VERNACULARE ARCHITECTURE Architecture and Sustainability
ZEIDO JOUDI 11/26/2012
INTRODUCTION Thailand is a tropical country situated in South East Asia. Its capital is Bangkok, and is crossed by two rivers, the Mekong and the Chao Praya. Its tropical climate is characterized by a relatively high temperature, high humidity, and rainfall up to 300 mm per month. The country is characterized by different types of architecture, built of wood which is an abundant material in Thailand. The same habitat in the basin, the houses are built on prefabricated modules in 2 to 3 days. The question to ask in such a climate and with this type of architecture is how to build a contemporary house that fits vernacular architecture, while being environmentally friendly, and in a social climate  ZEIDO JOUDI context. The goal is to refresh and reuse the energies of this site.
THAI HOUSE – CHAPTER ONE : GENERALITIES LOCATION Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bounded on the south by the Gulf of Siam to the west and north by Burma to the east by Laos in the south-east by Cambodia and south by Malaysia. Thailand extends over 1600 km from north to south and up to 800 km from east to west, but is reduced to less than 30 km up to the town of Prachuap Khiri Khan. Bangkok (Krung Thep in Thai) is the capital and largest city of the country. There are two major rivers, the Chao Phraya River that runs through Bangkok, the Mekong and along 4800 km. Thailand is the largest country in Southeast Asia with an area of 513,115 km2. In the north and west, the country is covered by forests and mountains primary slate, limestone and granite sometimes. In the south, the landscape changes: paddy plains, rocky outcrops chalky cut, followed by long stretches of cliffs covered with virgin forest, rubber plantations to the island of Phuket.
CLIMATE Thailand is a tropical country with a hot climate in general throughout the year. The average temperature varies between 27 and 31 degrees, with a maximum temperature of 38 degrees. Humidity is quite high during the year and can reach 80%. The rainy season extends from June to October. The weather is sunny with occasional thunderstorms unpredictable and brief. The rains are more abundant in the north or the air is cooler. The dry season is hot from March to May, but it's cold at night. In the South, dry season and rainy season are less marked.
ARCHITECTURE-TYPES In central Thailand there are two types of architecture: • floating homes on the water. • stilt houses located along the shore.
Houses on stilts are also classified into two types: • temporary types were made of bamboo. • the permanent types which were made of wood.
TRADITIONAL THAÏ HOUSE OR “REUN THAÏ”: The material used is generally wood. The wooden houses were raised above the height reached to avoid seasonal flooding. Residents use an area of the floor for multipurpose use as living space, open in the day shelter for the animals at night and a boat during periods of flooding. The "Thai Reun" can be built in 2 or 3 days, since it is composed of prefabricated units which are prepared prior to construction.
ARCHITECTURE-CONCEPTION The expertise of a vernacular house is a legacy passed down from generation to generation. The development of vernacular architecture is a response to the environmental context, so we first use local materials. Vernacular architecture in Thailand is different from one region to another but the style considered the most classic one is in the central plains, called Thai House.
FEATURES: 1. A roof-shaped 2. The houses can be assembled and dismantled easily or relocates. They are built in gated communities on the canals and rivers. (Life on a river or lake creates a floating architecture that has large similarities with other Asian countries.) 3. the small dimension: 3, 3.5, 4m floor to ceiling height living: 3,5 m height field at 1st level: 2, 2.5 m 4. A Thai house may be formed of one room and kitchen, 5-6 bedrooms up. The rooms bypass the terrace or veranda. In Thai culture, you can add units but never touch the size of a unit. 5. The construction process is based on religious beliefs.
For example, to ask the first pile, you must choose the correct date. In addition, we must take into consideration the direction at which the house will face. The height, width and length of the house next steps are lucky numbers. The number of piles and number of steps depend on their beliefs too.
6. Climate response:
high roof narrow building walls main materials : vegetation Joints non-rigid to withstand seismic forces
Constituent elements: MATERIALS Temporary or semi-permanent types are built with bamboo. The permanent types are built mainly teak. Most houses are made of prefabricated elements so they are easily removable and transportable.
STRUCTURE The original house in northern Thailand is constructed with a frame hardwood, bamboo wall pannels braids, and thatched with banana leaves. Components are connected with bamboo.
FEATURES This type of housing has unique features:
steep roof elevates floor on pillars terrace semi-closed center and a covered veranda An inner wall sloping window conical an outside staircase prefabricated wooden structure
In this architecture, is proved to be noticing the wooden beams with mortise, tenon, palm leaves, bamboo size, the thickness of terracotta tiles and the dimensions of the tiles forming the floor . In addition, we have different types of wood walls and wood filler (grid).
THAI HOUSE – SECOND PART : CLIMATE TEMPERATURE PER MONTH
This graph shows the variations of temperature per month in a particular year in Bangkok, Thailand. Every month we have a record of the highest and lowest temperature, the average high and average low and an overall average. In addition, the comfort zone is indicated for any year between 21 and 24 degrees. We note that the months of April to July do not coincide in any way in the zone comfort, even with their lower temperature. So we can conclude that this is a very hot season. During these months the temperature can reach up to 36 degrees. The months of November up to February have very large temperature variations while passing in the comfort zone. Such as during the month of January you can have temperatures of 15 to 34 degrees. The annual average temperature varies between 27 and 31 degrees. The sum of these multitudes graph shows a peak temperature of 38 degrees and a minimum of 15 degrees.
Temperature per hours
This diagram illustrates the temperature variations during the 24 hours per month in Bangkok, Thailand. This graph is plotted as sunset and sunrise which vary from one month to another and the different times of day. According to the legend the temperature variation between 27 and 38 ᵒ C shown in red dominates for 78%. Temperatures between 20 and 27 ᵒ C light blue 20%. They are generally overnight. It has traces of temperature between 0 and 20 ᵒ C during the months of January and December early in the morning and late at night. And very small traces of temperatures above 38 ᵒ C, around 16h during the months of April and May. From November to February you can enjoy the night temperature to cool the day, especially the thermal comfort zone of 21 to 24 ᵒ C is overnight.
MOISTURE AND COMFORT ZONE
This psychrometric graph shows the variations of relative humidity as a function of temperature per year. The comfort zone is defined by a temperature between 21 and 24 degrees, and a relative humidity between 20 and 80%. Starting from a temperature of 24 degrees is a fan needed. When the temperature reaches 30 degrees and above, with a relative humidity greater than 70%, a refreshing air and dehumidification way is needed.
WIND
This diagram shows the annual wind velocity per month in Bangkok, Thailand. It indicates the maximum and the minimum recorded. The speed varies between 0 and 27 m / s. The highest values are recorded during the month of June, 8m / s with a peak of 14m / s. The monsoon months shows similar variations from March to September. From November to January, the winds do not exceed 4m / s. Annual average wind speed varies between 3 and 5m / s.
PRECIPITATIONS
This graph shows the percentage changes in precipitation in mm during one year in Bangkok, Thailand, as well as the equivalent temperatures of each month. The maximum rate recorded in September is 300 mm. The months of December and January are the minimum rates nearly 10 mm. So we can conclude that in this tropical country, we have the most rainfall months from March to October, during the monsoon season. During this period, the temperature is around 27 to 28 áľ’ C.
THAI HOUSE – PART THREE : STUDIES CLIMAT OF THAÏLANDE
Tropical climat.
Prevailing wind : South-east
NEEDS • Ventilation and refreshement. • Technical Area, Buffer in the south. • Service area: kitchen, dining room (the area that needs less heat).
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Capture and storage of rainwater for any purpose.
Photovoltaic panels placed in the front and directed towards the south, they are used for hot water and electricity.
Fibre Glass Lighting to illuminate the home.
Sensors wind (wind trap) with a mechanical solution.
Reuse of wastewater after filtration and water already present in the medium.
The percentage of openings is limited in the sunny facades.
Double wooden walls with a vacuum.
Vacuum
Natural Ventilation
tightness
Wood
Wood
The vacuum allows the entry of wind (ventilation) and the sun. Vacuumn
WATER MANAGEMENT • Reserve rainwater wells especially during the monsoon months, to be used throughout the year. • Irrigation System by drops of water. • Green is used to filter wastewater and reuse.
COLD STRATEGY Glazing / solar panels
Windows open most of the year
HOT STRATEGY
• + → water wet • + + heat • + - sun • + + rain • + - → wind to refresh • System refresh from the house dehumidification:
ORGANIZATION
THE WORK OF THIS HOME CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS 1. Partly responsible for capturing wind (especially winds southeast) to refresh the habitat 2. Partly responsible for the heat energy to provide lighting for the home and hot water. 3. Partly responsible for capturing water, filter, reuse and provide additional freshness in the house thanks to the water, it is the system that will work best in this climate.
1. WINDS • Installation of wind sensors (active source) • Installation of wind catches (source passive) • Around the house especially SE façade of deciduous trees that will allow summer to block the sun and transmit freshness, and in winter they will be exposed and will be able to ensure the passage of sunlight • create facades wood panels with gaps to allow infiltration of winds inside.
2. HEATING ENERGY • Installation of photovoltaic panels on the south facade especially to capture sunlight and provide electricity to the house and hot water. • Installation of skylights to "fiber glass" to ensure the lack of electricity by the photovoltaic uninsured.
3. L'EAU • Installation of tanks to capture rainwater. • Installation of a filter ponds near the house (ground permits, ponds might already exist naturally). • Installation of lakes in the house to ensure a fresher interior.
THAI HOUSE – PART FOUR RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT This study is done first by taking count of the advantages and disadvantages of natural and social context in order to achieve a land plot to create a general pleasant living environment and reduce impacts related to transportation.
THE CLIMATE Tropical climate is fostering a comfort zone between 21 ° C and 24 ° C throughout the year, with the exception of April, May, June and July, which do not coincide in any way this area even with their lower temperatures and are the hottest months with temperatures up to 36 °. So, it is better to consider this period of heat in our design and development trying to create a refreshing during these few months (Ventilation and refresh Fair - system refresh from the house dehumidification) while focusing on construction methods (photovoltaic panels, placed in the front and directed towards the south, they are used for hot water and electricity - Fibre Glass Lighting to illuminate the house - fronts in wood with gaps for allow infiltration of the winds in the interior .) As climate response, we designed a high roof, walls and a narrow construction and included vegetation. It should be around the house especially SE façade of deciduous trees that will allow summer to block the sun and transmit freshness, and in winter they will be exposed and will be able to ensure the passage of sunlight.
WINDS The prevailing wind is south-east. We can take advantage of the wind to refresh the habitat passively and actively, by installing sensors winds (wind trap) and catch the wind. We can also create double wooden walls with a vacuum to penetrate the winds inside the house. The house is elevated on poles so that the wind flows beneath the house while the refreshing.
STORMWATER In terms of precipitation, the months of December and January have a minimum rate of 10 millimeters, so in this tropical country, we have the most rainfall months from March to October, during the monsoon season and the temperature is around 28 ᵒ C during this period.
We can in this case, avoid seasonal flooding, and raise the wooden floor of the house above the accessible height. The rainwater will also be collected and stored in pits, for any purpose throughout the year, during the months of monsoons, provide additional freshness in the home (installation of lakes in the house to ensure a fresher inside). This is the system that will work best in this climate. We can also install a filter ponds near the house if the terrain allows, ponds might already exist naturally.
ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITIES Thailand is a country rich in flora and fauna. This ecosystem consists of communities of plants, animals and micro-organisms. Biodiversity is the natural wealth of Thailand and provides the essential elements for life. But this biodiversity is vulnerable to climate change.
Thus, we can use an area of the ground level to function as versatile open living space in the day, the night shelter animals. Green space can also filter wastewater and reuse.
SITE TOPOGRAPHY North and west, the country is covered by forests and mountains primary slate, limestone and granite sometimes, and culminates. Southeast, hills extend the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia next to the coast, following extensive bays lined with beaches. In the south, the landscape changes: paddy plains, rocky outcrops chalky cut, followed by long stretches of cliffs covered with virgin forest, rubber plantations to the island of Phuket. The central plain, in the region of Ayutthaya, Thai style has developed the most experienced travelers with its roofed houses very sharp and angled teak poles surrounding a huge terrace on stilts.
We chose the river basin in the central plain, which is a lush and fertile valley, and where the climate is most suitable.
NUISANCE OF THE SITE (ACOUSTIC AND VISUAL FACTORS) Thailand is located in an area at risk, Southeast Asia, naturally exposed to tropical storms, droughts or excessive rain. Precipitation produce noise and visual pollution, especially during the monsoon season. Thus, we created a double wall for soundproofing and climate.
We can use screens or partitions to acoustic attenuation and noise reduction.
PRESENT POLLUTION There is an air pollution by vehicle emissions, water pollution by industrial waste and organic causing deforestation and wildlife is threatened by illegal hunting.
THE NATURAL HAZARDS, PREVENTION PLANS AND TECHNOLOGY Natural hazards are the most common land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of aquifers, floods, soil erosion, earthquakes, monsoons catastrophic ...
ENERGY MANAGEMENT THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS To control the temperature inside the house we must first think about the materials used. A high thermal inertia is necessary for such an environment, which is why the use of wood for construction can be very effective in capturing the freshness of the night to cool the interior spaces during the day. Why use wood : •It is an insulation material, the thermal conductivity of spruce example is fifteen times lower than that of the concrete and four hundred times lower than that of steel • It is a durable material by excellence (dating from 1750) houses in Belgium are still inhabited and in very good condition. • It is a very abundant material in Thailand. Which wood to use: Teak being a tropical tree abundant in Thailand and throughout Asia in general. At present it is cultivated in all the tropical regions is no risk of desertification or extinction. This wood is medium-hard therefore valid for a house as there was not much lower loads.
TECHNICAL INSULATION
For thermal insulation the thechnique of double walls was used to isolate the outer housing of the heat. Buffer space is an essential thermal element when you do not want to use the air conditioning, although this space can be helpful. This space helps the reduction of the temperature difference between the exterior and interior (in summer the outside temperature is always superior than the indoor temperature). This space includes buffer tank and tanks, so technical functions.
VENTILATION 1. Piles: The ambient temperature being elevated in Thailand most of the time, we need to refresh the home with all possible means. First we used the vernacular techniques that were used in Thailand for the same purpose. Raising the house on stilts, so freeing the ground for passing
a current of air beneath the house and to get protected from the weather, therefore we can refresh the house in a simple and non-expensive way. More poles were used in a non-chaotic way to accentuate the wind direction, not to have poles that block the wind flow necessary to cool the house.
2. Natural ventilation :
The techniques used for natural ventilation of the house is vernacular, and generally not as mechanized use in conjunction with the Louvre shutters to create a current of air, the use of traps drive the wind from outside to the inside, rotating louvers that may be placed on the roof to allow the passage of the wind inside.
Trap wind rotating louvers ELECTRICITY :
Designed to reduce the consumption of electricity, was used to photovoltaic panels, which are directed to the east for a greater period of exposure to the sun and therefore has a better performance. These solar panels are used for hot water, and batteries that can be recharged for further electric use of the entire house.
LIGHTING: For the lighting of the different rooms of the house, we had recourse to a technique which uses electricity during the night. This technique is called Fiber optic daylight. It is enough to place a sensor of sunlight on the roof of the house that distributes this light through Fiber optic tubes in all parts of the house.
During the night, the sensor is enlighted by a projector LED light (preferably LED projector must have a chip CREE is certified LEED) and uses the same technique for transferring light.
WATER MANAGEMENT Thailand is an Asian country with a tropical climate, warm (average is 28 celcius degrees) , precipitation can reach 300 mm in a single month, and moisture quite high (up to 80%). So with this wealth of water, it must be captured, used carefully and recycled. Under the house a well full of water will be used both for the freshness and domestic use.
SAVING WATER • Implementation of economic systems: Installation of water saving (more precisely pressure reducers) is within the reach of all: this type of objects fits all faucets in the house including shower heads or bath.
Economizer tap water
Ecoxygen shower
The Ecoxygen shower, which saves up to 75% water, lies in its Venturi effect. The water passing through the shower head (provided with holes for air intake) creates a vacuum at the openings for air injection. There is no loss of speed since the air "takes the place" of water.
Toilets compost has dried resuire to 40 liters of drinking water per day per person.
Introduction of water meters: Reduce wastage.
- In housing, encourage the installation of counter evidence (kitchen or ponds) to encourage consumption and control to detect any leaks. - Install at each level of pressure reducing valve to supply pressure of 3 bars for which they are designed, higher pressure increases the amount of water flowing for the same duration of valve opening. • Post watering and water use partly common The movement of water in the irrigation system generates a loss of energy called "loss‟‟. It results in a pressure available drop. The faster the water in the pipes, the higher the losses are important. The speed of the water is crucial for the proper functioning of the system. It must be less than 2 m / s, is retained as a basis generally 1.5 m / s. Drippers online: exhibit good performance not regulating operation and greater sensitivity to clogging when equipped with a membrane self. Use modern mechanical devices (siphons, flexible duct ...). Performance of 70% - 80% can be achieved with these devices, with the control you can have a good irrigation. Drippers bypass showed very different behaviors depending on the manufacturer. And some models do not provide guarantees proper operation for several years in orchard conditions even if the starting performance may seem correct. The water with micro-irrigation showed good hydraulic characteristics at the beginning of use but can deteriorate quite rapidly due to sensitivity to clogging. This system uses low pressure and therefore less energy sprinkler irrigation.
PRODUCTION OF HOT WATER (DISTANCE BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND EQUIPMENT) • Reduce the distance between the boiler and the taps hot water in order to limit the volume of water withdrawn in anticipation of the desired temperature or isolate the internal distribution housing. Electric production of hot water can be ensured by instant water heater or a hot water accumulation. The instantaneous water heater formed of a tube is a team in which resistance heating water circulates s; heats up on contact resistance. The electric water heater is suitable to build individual and collective facilities. It is composed of a tank equipped in the lower part of an electrical resistance. Fetching hot water is in the upper part of the ball or hot water accumulates because of its lower density.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT - Optimization of stormwater management and function of the site analysis The „‟traditionnal‟‟ management of rainwater is harvested as quickly as possible runoff which will then be discharged directly into a river or lake. While this "traditional" management of rainwater is mainly concerned with the amount of runoff to evacuate the city, the sustainable management of rainwater also focuses on the quality of runoff, erosion receiving environments and regeneration of ground water. The approach to sustainable management of rainwater is, in this sense, more integrated than the so-called "traditional". Sustainable management of rainwater rather promotes the reduction of rainwater harvesting at source, keeping water on site and slower flow.
MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO TYPES OF RAIN The objectives of the sustainable management of rainwater is to increase infiltration of runoff, maintaining water quality of receiving waters (rivers, streams, lakes) promoting the filtration natural runoff and reducing the effects of shore line erosion and finally streamline infrastructure investment by allocating resources that promotes multifunctional spaces.
RECOVERY OF STORMWATER: - Promote the implementation of EP recovery devices to cover part of the needs that do not require drinking water (toilet, laundry, cleaning rooms, watering parks and gardens, washing cars, .. .), especially when the distribution channels have a limited linear (toilets in public buildings, small group, individual housing, ...). - Comply with all provisions relating to the recovery of rainwater and use them inside and outside of buildings. It will include the strict separation between the potable water system and storm water network to allow no confusion.
SELECTION PROCESS INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION BUILDING ENVELOPE
The Thai house is built mainly of wood teak. The type of wood assembly used differs between inside and outside, between floor and ceiling, but logic is the same.
FACADE Double walls The first concern of the face is to bring more wind in the home, as well as to regulate the intake at the same time. In addition, it should create the proper internal temperatures for viability. Outer wall: It is made from a blend of bamboo blocks giants with a 2-3 cm gap between each slat bamboo and between blocks to circulate the wind, and to reduce the effects of moisture on the house.
INTERIOR WALLS
The wooden walls of the house are formed from blocks, of a grid of blocks, assembly without openings. The portion of the wind is from above and from below by infiltration. This partition does not allow total insulation temperature because its thickness is minimal, not to have large variations in temperature of a room to another in the house.
FLOOR The floor is made up of wooden beam connected to each other, and voids between filled with wood blocks to increase the strength thereof, and reduce the seismic effects, as well as to ensure the passage of the wind around the house.
ROOF It is shaped like the floor, but with fillings thinner, or solar panels when it comes to the roof over the bedrooms.
EXTERNAL PILES
These are primarily used to enhance the wind, its speed and intensity, which affects directly the front of the room, in the bedrooms. It is forms from tree trunks and slender purposes. The position of these piles is also critical, they are V or unidentifiable chaos, to increase the effect of the wind.
INTERIOR PILES
These stilts are the only form of structure that could be built in BA, but in Thailand the wood is more prevalent and less expensive so the piles may also be formed of wood.
PERCENTAGE OF WINDOWS Openings in general allow the infiltration of external heat, winds ... In the case of the Thai house, the openings will be primarily responsible for regulating and maintaining a certain atmosphere especially in winter, or the ambient temperature corresponds with the comfort zone. They should have a high insulation, double glazing to prevent large weather to penetrate and create sound insulation above the wind tends to be very loud and noisy. So they will not be very large and unmanageable or too small are essential because in some cases. The percentage would be between 20 and 30% of all of the partitions created.
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, HEATING, VENTILATION, HOT WATER
Hot water system 1-Photovoltaics on the roof on the east side (for high absorption of sunlight) will ensure electricity for the whole house, is responsible for recharging the batteries, as well as ensure the hot water in the house by transferring their heat energy to the water canister which is located in the lower part of the roof. The same circuit could be responsible for heating the house, but it would be in extreme cold, since normally we did not even need to install a heating system in a house in such a climate, the winter season is mainly the comfort zone, where temperatures of cool exterior refresh has searched the house, and maintain a climate "temperate".
Passive Solution 2-The wind catches are architecturally designed in the double walls to establish a system of fresh, natural air conditioning in the house capturing winds by openings on the faรงade, the "catching" in narrow ducts between the ground and the floor, the refreshing due to the presence of the pond water under the house and bringing them into the house. However, this natural passive system is not always the best and requires some help. 3-Mechanical winds sensors are active processes that require electricity generated by photovoltaic allow a direct solution, the sensors are on the facades air system with a "sensor" that measures the temperature of these winds, which are absorbed directly into the wind a small quantity, refresh with a circuit inside a farm frozen liquid and spread around the house in a small amount because it is a system that comes in second degree, with the help of others.
Active Solution
ADAPTABILITY OF THE BUILDING This house is mainly made of prefabricated elements so it is easily removable and can be built somewhere else on the river basin in the central plain, since the context is the same, so it will work the same way. So the design is unique to the site, orientation, climate, a wind direction, materials ... and the family too. Thai family can vary by a family Habitat 2, or 3 under the same roof, and the house is also very malleable in a way, since it can be remodelated to contain more rooms, or a different distribution functions. In fact, divisible rooms follow a module, so a room can be divided into two by putting a simple partition, especially the wooden partition is easily installed. In addition, the terrace level rooms is installed in order to allow adjustments to the size of the living space. Tanks have water sensors has to reinstall on top of these new additions.
SITE LOW NUISANCE SITE DESIGN Analysis of neighborhood Noise control Reduction of transport
OBJECTIFS :
Reduce the burden on the environment. Reduce pollution at the local site (avoid spread of dust). Stages of rehabilitation. Limit pollution of soil and water. Reduce noise pollution (work schedule, stop the truck engine when parking). Limit the amount of construction waste sent to landfill. The preservation and Plant Trees. The preservation of a good public traffic routes and parking.
SOLUTIONS : ENVIRONNEMENTAL POLLUTION :
Protect soil and water polluting activities of projects Perform the selective sorting of waste on the job site
OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE :
Installation of a dust A fence is required Ramp to the output of trucks rocky materials for wheels decottage
REHABILITATION :
Recycling of materials Limitation of energy consumption Re-condition land Quality and cleanliness of storage
POLLUTION OF SOIL AND WATER :
Installing retention systems that collect products on site When the concrete is made on site, soil and groundwater can be contaminated wash water plant, consisting of milt and concrete residues. Recovery systems and decantation of this water will be provided
LIMITATION OF NOISE NUISANCE : Schedules of site activities will be provided from 7am to 17h. Delivery schedules noisy respect these times. Interventions necessary outside the official time will be made prior arrangement with municipal services.
Communication between the crane operator and construction area will be by takie / talkie, thus avoiding wheezing workers and the honking of the crane.
Stopping the truck engines when they stationed in work areas will be taxed the man responsible for the traffic. Drivers fail to start their trucks at the time of departure from the area loading / unloading
THE BURNING OF WASTE : Burning of construction waste and green waste is prohibited
VEGETATION PRESERVATION OF EXISTING SITE : Protection of existing trees within the site must be necessarily protect
PRESERVATION OF A GOOD CIRCULATION :
No construction equipment shall be stored on the surrounding roads including shortterm
No unloading of vehicles from service roads or common areas will be allowed
The company responsible for the supply will be kept informed of the process of environmental quality of the site: the map will be provided and supplies will be scheduled on the day to avoid deliveries at peak hours or may create a nuisance to the neighborhood
Parking will be clearly marked and identified so that the parking different types of vehicles, the car will be summarily laid to stay clean and structured to optimize the use of space.
SUMMARY:
Any product, material or equipment shall be abandoned or neglected. The waste must be managed or prepared for the evacuation and treatment.
Collection, disposal and treatment of waste must not have a negative impact on environment. Example: It is forbidden to burn.
Waste disposal must be contractualised and be monitored.
Enjoy the site preparation period to identify, qualify and quantify the waste that will be produced.
Focus on systems and products that generate the least possible waste especially hazardous waste.
Negotiate with suppliers and subcontractors type of packaging (recycled, lost) depending on its nature and the possible moments of unpacking.
Analyze the sheets do not forget to supply waste use (wood formwork, form oil, material reservation, machine maintenance, water washing concrete plants.
MY PROPOSITION PERSPECTIVES
SECTION
PLANS
CONCLUSION A home in this context climatic, ecological and social work is summed up in three basic criteria. Firstly you must refresh the home by means of wind through active and passive systems. Then you must capture solar energy to illuminate the housing and ensure hot water. Should especially capture plenty of water, use and refilter to reuse again while already in the site. The type of house is used prefabricated wooden house, with a very short installation time. Housing based on a modular would be a perfect answer to the social context that allows a several family under one roof.
Bibliography : www.graie.org www.smegreg.org www.jeconomiseleau.org www.terrevivante.org www.eautarcie.com