Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies by Joungtaek Yi

Columbia University Fall 2014

Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation

ARCHITECTURE V I S - A - V I S NEW IDEOLOGIES Seminar with Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss, Ph.D.

Xiaoxi Chen Chido Chuma Brian Galyean Jasmine Tzu-Hwan Ho Benjamin Alexander Hochberg, Xuezhu Jiang, Taehee Joan Kim Hao Li Sha Li Nicole Marie Mater Wenyun Qian Tatiana Tatarintseva Manole Razvan Voroneanu James Casey Worrell Ming Xu Joung taek Yi

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies This seminar is designed to explore possible roles of a future designer in practice engaged vis-a-vis emerging aspects of new urban ideology that affect fields of architecture, urbanism, art and activism. In this seminar urban ideology is positioned as a conceptual twin, driver, enabler, of spatial dis-charge for architecture in contested urban situations. The trigger for this seminar is the emerging, and expanding discourse around urban occupation of the Zuccotti park in down-town New York orchestrated by the Occupy Wall Street. Such public dissent is seen as a node in a mesh of global protests such as the Arab Spring in North Africa as well as recent uprising in Istanbul in Turkey that started because of the architectural student rage about the plans to dismantle an urban park for commercial use. Rather than, as philosopher Slavoj Žižek comments, “to congratulate ourselves” on these creative uses of the city it may be better to look at emerging spatial practices, both in art, architecture and activism as operations that are engaging with the problem of caused by the economical crisis. The output of this seminar will be a graphic novel book based on spatial desires of ideological leaders, their stylistic trappings and exposed desires. This book will be exhibited at the forthcoming Romancing Power exhibition at The Anderson Gallery on 5th Avenue at 13th street in New York scheduled for February 2015.

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A number of emerging (and some established) practices of architecture, often working with art practices, find the mediation of the eroding ideological situation in the array of architecture of biennials and triennials, such as the most recent edition of Venice Architecture Biennial entitled Common Ground. Others upcoming events include Lisbon Architecture Biennial entitled Design for Protest as well as Shenzhen-Hong Kong Biennial for Architecture and Urbanism with the topic of Urban Borders. Architectural practices such as Decolonizing Art and Architecture Residence (DAAR) based in Palestine research and analyze he use of city squares in Cairo and other North African capitals which witness radical changes in political power in North Africa. Other more interdisciplinary groups such as the School of Missing Studies look at the city as continuously generating subjects of knowledge that are lost and waiting for to be rediscovered. www.schoolofmissingstudies.net This will lead the participants in the seminar to more established, yet radical approaches to the emerging aspects of ideology. The memorialization of mass murder as it was designed by architect Peter Eisenman and built in Berlin as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews in Europe will be one of the spatial interventions looked at in the seminar. Today this designed location is the place of both calming experience, and it is also a place for living urban life by cooking, grilling and hanging out at this artificial landscape. As a living death memorial, what is it actually as architecture?

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies

We will also look at the design projects at the very beginning of the economic crisis and the strategies that the large and established offices like Herzog & de Meuron and OMA made to continue working on the global market. Clearly the role of an architect in those examples are multiple and contested. This may be so because architecture is the practice that most often succumb to deliver not only good news with its design expertise that surpasses art, but also well edited excerpts of bad news. This investigative seminar will discuss approaches that merge architecture with art interventions such as the ongoing Flint Public Art Project in Michigan. This initiative is using art, design and architecture to revitalize and bring forward lost industrial plants to the new public use. Similarly recent New Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MoMA architecture exhibit entitled 9+1 Ways of Being Political curated by Pedro Gadanho will be looked in retrospect of its elastic relationship of architecture to politics or ideology. One of the highlights of the seminar will be the study of contemporary dissident culture exemplified in the art and architecture of Ai Weiwei. We will also look into interpreting amount of books on the Eastern experience produced during the years of the Cold War. They are published by large institutions in the West with the clever interest to make the case that the other side was not that as nefarious as it was

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presented, and that it made some extraordinary pieces of architecture and the city because it was entangled with ideology. To make it relevant as the goal of the seminar at Columbia GSAPP will be to pose a mirror question. What would a memorial to the Cold War be at the US academic side? As everyone in this seminar is born at the decline of the Cold War in 1980s, of after they may be the perfect students to take on this study. The seminar atmosphere will be made as collaborative as possible, with active student participation, presentations, relevant literature, workshops and discussion based atmosphere in the classroom. This model is based on the educational experience developed by the Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths University of London. The actual sessions and literature may be subject to adapt to any studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; inputs. The students will have access to the United Nations libraries as well as archives of the Slought Foundation based in Philadelphia. Our product of the investigation will be a self-published book with chapters designed entirely by each student in the seminar with the content of their choice. A previous sample of the book can be found here: http://www.lulu.com/us/en/shop/srdjan-jovanovicweiss/architecture-at-the-scales-of-geopolitics/ paperback/product-5168989.html Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies

Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Columbia University 1172 Amsterdam Avenue New York, New York 10027 http://www.arch.columbia.edu/ Seminar: Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies Fall 2014 Instructor: Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss Students: Xiaoxi Chen Chido Chuma Brian Galyean Jasmine Tzu-Hwan Ho Benjamin Alexander Hochberg Xuezhu Jiang Taehee Joan Kim Hao Li Sha Li

Nicole Marie Mater Wenyun Qian Tatiana Tatarintseva Manole Razvan Voroneanu James Casey Worrell Ming Xu Joung taek Yi

Guest Reviewers: Daniel Sherer, GSAPP/Yale Nina Rappaport, Yale Jessica Morris, Penn Graduate Yiqing Wang, The New School / Assistant to Prof. Nina Khrushcheva Joackim Hackle, NAO Mdeha Yasin Merchant, GSAPP Nora Akawia, Aman Lab Studio X Global Network GSAPP Janette Kim, Urban Landscape Lab GSAPP

Book design Joung taek Yi

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Edited by: Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss

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Contents HAFFEZ ASSAD Chen, Xiaoxi

ROBERT GABRIEL MUGABE I

ROBERT GABRIEL MUGABE II

DICK CHENEY

ADOLF HITLER

108

122

KIM JONG-IL I

146

KIM JONG-IL II Yi, Joung taek

174

FIDEL CASTRO

196

JOSIP BROZ TITO

216

JOSIP BROZ TITO

234

MAO ZEDONG Qian, Wenyun_X

248

JOSEPH STALIN

274

NICOLAE CEAUSESCU

304

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

330

DENG XIAOING

360

Chuma, Chido

Galyean, Brian

Ho, Jasmine Tzu-Hwan

Howwchberg, Benjamin Alexander

XI JINPING

Jiang, Xuezhu

Kim, Taehee Joan

Li, Hao Li, Sha

Mater, Nicole Marie

Tatarintseva, Tatiana

Voroneanu, Manole Razvan Worrell, James Casey Xu, Ming

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HAFFEZ AL-ASSAD

Chen, Xiaoxi

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies

new shaab palace aka people's palace

when basher quit his ophthalmology career to take over the family business after the unexpected death of his brother, the palace still remained unoccupied.

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teshre aka oc

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baathist informal secularism became part of the ideology, as the alawite assads are part of a religious minority.

Death a thousan d times to the Muslim Brother hood!

when Hafez al-Assad took power in 1970 Syria, he deideologized classical Ba-athism and purged the government into his personal government, known as Assadism.

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death to assad!

ruled by the ruthless, minority hafez, popular support became increasing marginalized, giving even more fuel to increasingly radical movements, bubbling up to the civil war we see today.

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in a newly decolonialized middle east, the great visionaries of modernist architecture rushed in to build for newly established governments, imbued heavy sense of symbolism and ideology

let's build middle

architects tend to depreciate themselves, to regard themselves as no more than just ordinary citizens without the power to reform the future.

united nations university, 1992

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a new east!

meanwhiles, hafez was steadily crushing all opposition.

1982 muslim brotherhood uprising at hama Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 15

6,500,000 sqm

1,000,000 sqm

1974 master plan for pilgrim accommodation muna, saudi arabia

1977 qatar government center katar, doha

tange, like many architects, including walter gropius, frank lloyd wright, niemeyer and corbusier, was clouded by a vague sense of orientalism and a socalled blank slate, rushed to build their own ideological experiments.

800,000 sqm

1979 king faisal foundation riyadh, saudi arabia

8,000 sqm

10,913 sqm

1984 king faisal foundation riyadh, saudi arabia

1985 japanese embassy and chancellery in saudi arabia riyadh, saudi arabia

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11,000 sqm

67,046 sqm

1977 royal palace jeddah, saudi arabia

1979 international air terminal kuwait

25,000 sqm

13,700 sqm

1982 king faisal foundation riyadh, saudi arabia

1983 jordan royal palace amman, jordan

1,413,480 sqm

10,913 sqm

1994 king said university al passim campus al qassim, saudi arabia

1985 japanese embassy and chancellery in saudi arabia riyadh, saudi arabia

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Main Building 31500 sqm Entire Grounds 51000 sqm on entire Mt. Mezzeh Plateau surrounded by a security wall, watchtowers, private presidential hospital, headquarters of the Republican Guard

1979-1990 cost: $60-$1 billion Client: Hafez al assad Architect: Kenzo Tange + Wojciech Zablocki

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Their utopian visions, supported by their clients' autocratic resources, sprawled into massive scales of a singular vision, irregardless of the the populace at large.

i give you...the people's palace!

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beirut rd

mouasaat rd.

perched over the city, the palace as a fortress 20

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silently surveying the city below

After an interminable drive up....

you are taken through the garden as security buffer Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 21

grand, undoubtably decadent and indulgent, and resolutely modern.

be dazzled by the gold marble and chandeliers 22

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20 meter marble high entrance hall

modernism became a perfect tool that erased any explicit cultural or historical references, lest the repressed minority should be even more explicitly alienated.

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but i have no political or military ambitions...

pick me! pick me!

sure, i love driving... fast

You r wor

majid maher

Bashar

BASSEL

grams

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mom

how can my guests walk up 25 feet to my office? maybe my son will live in it when he takes over.

however, the finished shaab palace suited didn't suit the taste or paranoia of hafez. according to him, it was...too big.

us ambassador robert ford

the people's palace, was never lived inempty except for official ceremonies.

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new shaab palace aka people's palace

when basher quit his ophthalmology career to take over the family business after the unexpected death of his brother, the palace still remained unoccupied.

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i'll be president, but don't expect me to live in that mausoleum

teshreen palace aka october palace

...actual bashar residence

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instead, he chose a plot like so many other plots ... a largish villa in a suburban neighborhood 28

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43 m

16 m

SEE WEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;RE NOT SO BAD...

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as extreme islamists gain ground, the western world finally gets involved

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cake!

is bashar the least worst option?

meanwhile, bashar continues to destroy his own country

how long can modernism be unable to reconcile with tradition? to be continued... Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 31

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ROBERT G MUGABE I

Chuma, Chido

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DECEMBER 14 2014

ROBERT GABRIEL

MUGABE

BY Chido Dadirai Chuma cc3526@columbia.edu

Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation Fall 2014 Architecture Vis-A-Vis Ideology Professor: Srdjan J. Weiss, PhD

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Born in Harare, Zimbabwe at an early age, I quickly became a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Third Cultural Kidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; . I frequently visited my first and most important culture, Zimbabwe, along with the many countries I have had the honor of living in. This has simply given me the privilege to see and appreciate other cultures that I lived in and traveled to, but in particular it allowed me to recognize and acknowledge that Zimbabwe has a distinct and unique culture amongst the African continent. Robert Gabriel Mugabeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presidency has lasted for as long as I can remember: for all of my life, the generations before, of which include that of my parents, and grandparents. Zimbabwe is a place dear to my heart, it is not only my birth place but it is also the place I call home among other places. Mugabe has many titles he has acquired over the years, an activist, leader, rolemodel, a father, to name a few. As our society of today continues to change, not only 36

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has the World changed but even he himself GSAPP

has

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PERSONAL.

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TIMELINE. PROPERTY. MR. vs MRS Birth date: February 21, 1924 Birth place: Kutama Mission, Southern Rhodesia Birth name: Robert Gabriel Mugabe Parents: Gabriel Mugabe and Bona Mugabe Education: University of Fort Hare, B.A., 1951; University of London, L.L.B Military: Commander-in-Chief Zimbabwe National Liberation Army (ZANLA) 1977- present. Marriages: Sally Heyfron (February 21, 1961-January 27, 1992, her death) Grace Marufu (August 17, 1996-present); Children: Sally Heyfron: one son, died at 4 years old Bona Mugabe, Chatunga Bellarmine Mugabe, Robert Peter Mugabe Jr., Michael Nhamodzenyika Mugabe

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1930

Zimbabwe was colonized by Cecil J. Rhodes The country was named Southern Rhodesia after

Land Apportionment Act restricts black access to land, forcing many into wage labour.

Rhodes’ British South African Company (BSA) gains a British mandate to colonise what becomes South Rhodesia

1964

1889

1890

TIMELINE.

Mugabe was arrested and imprisoned upon arrival for 10 years Smith becomes Prime Minister, tries to persuade Britain to grant independence

1960

Black opposition to colonial rule develops - Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) (1963) Mugabe co founds ZANU with Ndabaningi Sithole in Tanzania after fleding Rhodesia

Ian Smith declaired independence from Britain and gought off a bid for black majority rule Mugabe’s Prison Time

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Mugabe Released from Prison, leads ZANU-PF from Mozambique

Mugabe elected present of ZANU British brokered all party talks at Lncaster House (London) lead to a peace agreement and new constitution, gaurentting minority rights

Mugabe and his ZANU party win British supervised independence - he is then named Prime Minister and Joshua Nkomo is part of his cabnet Official recognition of Independence on April 18 1980 Signing of the Lancaster House agreement

1980

Mugabe continues education in prison, earning degreeds from University of London

1979

1974

Rhodesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s military was involved in resisting independence

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Mugabe and Nkomo merge parties and for ZANU-PF

Opposition Movement for Demoratic Change (MDC) is established

2002

Mugabe changes constitution, becoming executive president

1999

1987

continued.

2000

2001

(FARM SEIZURES + FOOD SHORTAGES)

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Construction began on the Mugabe Borrowdale Brooke Home, which was is said to have taken 12 years.

Mugabe is defeated in referendum on draft consititution

2012

2008 URBAN CLEANUP

POWER SHARING - DEAL

EVENTS LEADING TO LATEST ELECTIONS

INFLATION

2006-2007

2005

2003

PROTESTS

ELECTION CRISIS

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PROPERTY. statehouse

Golf Course

Private Residences

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The worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception of statehouses,are typically very positive and in awe. Mostly because citizens of the world are permitted visually to view a statehouse be it the White House in Washington DC or Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Palace in London. One thing both of these statehouses have in common is the permission granted to visitors and residents is to see what these places look like, even from a distance. Granted, like everywhere else in the world all statehouses have strong security. The Zimbabwean statehouse located in central Harare, is the opposite. The general public has no perception of what the StateHouse looks like even from a distance, all that is visible to are the high walls and security that walk along the property. The road is barred off and closed from 6PM to 6AM every day, and no car can abrubtly stop along the road at any given point. In aerial view, the statehouse is prominently covered in vegetation, for protection and safety reasons. It is also heavily staffed which can be seen from the rooftops.There is said to be an underground passage connection the the statehouse with the former residence which is seperated by the road in the middle.

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INSIDE the statehouse. “Robert, when are we hosting Dali Tambo for dinner?”

“Next week or the week after. I can’t remember” “It’s actually in a few days. They are always mixing up dates with all the political events they attend. How could they forget when South Africa’s best known media personality and presenter is interviewing them. He also is the son of the Oliver Tambo a central figure of the African National Congress (ANC).” - BodyGuard A FEW DAYS LATER...

“ The First Lady didn’t have time, so they made me go out and buy Kleenex and two floral bouqets which I placed on the tables as they were being set up. 46

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“Dali, do join us at “DINNER IS SERVED”...

the dinning table”

An entire box, for his excellency... I think paper napkins would have been more appropriate, ideally the formal cloth serviette would have suited this occasion better.

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PROPERTY. borrowdale brooke

The luxurious Chinese style home of the Mugabe family is located in Borrowdale Brooke. Rumored to be extravegant and over the top with 24 bedoomrs, with bathrooms, spas, a ballroom and media room. Also known as the:

“Blue Roof” 48

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THE MASTER BEDROOM

UPPER BALCONY

ONE OF MANY FORMAL DINING ROOMS

THE LIVING ROOM

It is true that Mugabe currently lives in his private home, which is believably three times the size of the presidential office residence (State House). With 50 acres of land the mansion also overlooks a dam and has a 3 M high wall protecting it. It defniitely qualifies as a mansion, a modest one with 9 rooms not 24 and took 12 years to build https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbCY3mFw9uc [17:32]

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PROPERTY. chivhu

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Mugabe has built smaller homes in the birthplace of his wife Grace in Chivu as well as his own in Zvimba. Chivhu is located in Midlands the central region of Zimbabwe. Zvimba is located in Mashonaland West Province, in central northern Zimbabwe.

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PROPERTY. hong kong

MEANWHILE IN ASIA...

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The disputed US$ 5 million mansion, bought through a counter claim by a former business associate. Mostly for Bona, who pursued her studies in HK. It is rumored that Mugabe gave the home before he came prime ministor to her â&#x20AC;&#x153;By giving her that house, which has so much sentimental value to him, it shows how much he loves and cherishes her. It is his expression of pride in herâ&#x20AC;?

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TAKEN OVER? STOLEN? mazowe

‘Grace, who has taken over at least MEANWHILE IN MAZOWE...

six of Zimbabwe’s most valuable white-owned farms since 2002, sells up to a million litres of milk a year to Nestlé.’ - The Sunday Telegraph

“Today has been a wonderful day for me. When we came here it was in a bad state. I had to work hard to transform it to what it is today. I went into dairy farming because he [Mr Mugabe] wanted it. I did it especially for him.” 54

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Mazowe, located in Mashonaland Central home to 2,000 cows- which is able to produce milk from 64 cows at one go; second largest farm in SADC region. In 2009 - Nestle announced it would stop buying milk from Gushungo Diary Estate (because it was built on a farm which was seized from a white farmer). With Nestle as its largest competitor. In 2012, Zimbabwean Supermarkets began stocking diary porducts from Grace Mugabeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farm in Mazowe. Powdered milk, ice cream and other products compete on the market with its competitor Nestle. Graceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s properties total to about 12,000 acres most important is the Gushungo Dairy Farm just north of the capital city. Which is managed by her first son from a previous marriage

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(Dis)GRACE MUGABE as THE LATEST...

the next president?

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“People say I want to be president, why not? Am I not a Zimbabwean?... There are plenty of people who can run this country, not Mujuru,” - Grace Mugabe * Joice Mujuru, served as Vice President since 2004

In October 2014, Zimbabwe’s First Lady announces her candidacy to succeed her husband when he leaves office. She has in the meantime been appointed head of the women’s league of the ruling party The Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANUPF)... If Mugabe is around when it is very likely she will be the next and first female President. But if isn’t and she definitely wont win - ask anyone they blame her for husbands descent into misrule and fixation on financial gain - BodyGuard Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 57

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ROBERT G MUGABE II

Galyean, Brian

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OXFORD SYNDROME: THE COLLECTION OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS THAT ARE OBSERVED IN, AND CHARACTERISTIC OF, A SINGLE CONDITION. THIS CONDITION IS CONSEQUENCE OF OBTAINING ELITE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND INTELLECTUAL STATUS, AND THEREBY IS MANIFESTED BY POMP AND ENTITLED IDEOLOGIES. THIS PARTICULAR SPECIES OF THE DISEASE IS CONTRACTED AT OXFORD UNIVERSITY, AND RESULTS IN THE PROCUREMENT OF LAND THROUGH AN MEANS POSSIBLE.

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oxford Syndrome

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TONIGHT, WE MUST DISCUSS SOMETHING THAT THREATENS OUR VERY EXISTENCE!!!!

WELCOME TO THE NO SPIN ZONE, I’M BILL O’REILLY

OUR BELOVED FRIENDS, RESIDING IN ZIMBABWE, ARE BEING BRUTALLY AND FORCEFULLY REMOVED FROM THEIR HOMES BY BANDS OF VIGILANTE VETERANS.

THERE IS AN ENEMY RESIDING IN OUR BACKYARD--ON THE OTHER-SIDE OF THE ATLANTIC.

BY THE ORDERS OF PRESIDENT ROBERT MUGABE, THESE HOMES, AND THEIR ACCOMPANYING FARM LANDS, WILL BE REALLOCATED TO THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION.

THERE IS A DICTATOR AMONG US!

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AS AMERICAN’S, IT IS OUR DUTY TO STAND UP FOR THOSE WHO’S RIGHTS ARE BEING VIOLATED BY EVIL IDEOLOGIES THAT THREATEN OUR DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY.

AND UNTIL WE CAN PLACE A MAN WHO SUPPORTS LIBERTY AND JUSTICE AT THE HELM OF THE ZIMBABWEAN REPUBLIC...

STAY TUNED

LOCK YOUR DOORS, AND BE SAFE AMERICA!

DO YOU THINK THEY BOUGHT IT? OF COURSE... WE’VE BEEN FEEDING THEM THIS “LIBERTY” BULLSHIT SINCE THEY WERE OLD ENOUGH TO SAY THE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG. THEY’RE ESSENTIALLY PATRIOTICALLY BRAINWASHED. WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO ABOUT MUGABE? JUST WATCH...

Liberty BRAVE MEN AND WOMAN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES TO MAINTAIN OUR LIBERTY FROM OPPRESSIVE RULE OF MONARCHS.

Justice OUR DIVINELY INSPIRED FATHERS FORMULATED A CONSTITUTION THAT EMPOWERS US WITH JUSTICE AMIDST CORRUPTION. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 65

American

CAPITALISM

WE ARE AMERICA! A NATION BLESSED BY GOD’S PROVIDENTIAL HAND. HE HAS ELECTED TO BE HARBINGERS OF HOPE FOR ALL NATIONS.

THROUGH OUR THRIFT AND INDUSTRIOUS ECONOMY, OUR WEALTH IS EVER SO INCREASING.

GLOBAL WARMING DOES NOT EXIST! AS EVIDENCE, OUR GAS, ELECTRICAL, WATER, AND SEWAGE INFRASTRUCTURE IS PRODUCING AT RECORD LEVELS.

COMPANIES LIKE GE, COCA-COLA, MCDONALD, ETC. ARE EXPANDING THEIR CORPORATE EMPIRES AT A GLOBAL SCALE--CREATING NEW JOBS DAILY.

AIR PORTS, BUSES, TRAINS, AND MOTOR VEHICLES. ARE INCREASING OUR ABILITY TO TRAVEL TO EXOTIC PLACES. AND, BANKS ARE FUNDING PROJECTS THAT INSURE THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN DREAM.

THAT WAS VERY ENCOURAGING.

THERE IS MORE, WATCH.

STAY TUNED 66

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AMERICA, ARE YOU DOING ALL YOU CAN?

YAY!!!

I PLEDGE!

HURRAY!

THERE IS NO DOUBT THEY BOUGHT IT.

THERE IS MORE, WATCH.

STAY TUNED

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IN SUPPORT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE, RHODES ACQUIRED LANDS AND RESOURCES REINFORCING THE WEALTH OF WESTERN NATIONS.

ZIMBABWE NEEDS A LEADER LIKE CECIL RHODES. HE WAS A MAN THAT REPRESENTED DEMOCRATIC FREEDOMS.

MORE, AFTER THESE MESSAGES...

TIMELESS. DISTINCTIVE. BEAUTIFUL. BY THE RHODESIAN DIAMOND COMPANY.

FLY AMERICAN AIRLINES TO THE ONE OF THE WORLD WONDERS.

AND ENJOY A COKE ON THE EDGE OF THE VICTORIA FALLS

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WELCOME BACK MY FELLOW AMERICANS

STUDENTS, YOU SHOULD FEEL PRIVILEGED TO BE ATTENDING AN ELITE SCHOOL LIKE OXFORD UNIVERSITY. “WHEREVER YOU TURN YOUR EYE... AN

OXFORD MAN IS AT THE TOP OF THE TREE”.

WHILE ATTENDING OXFORD UNIVERSITY, RHODES WAS EDUCATED BY THE BRIGHTEST MINDS.

“WE MUST FIND NEW LANDS FROM WHICH WE CAN EASILY OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS

THE COLONIES WOULD ALSO PROVIDE A DUMPING GROUND FOR THE SURPLUS GOODS PRODUCED IN OUR FACTORIES.”

INSPIRED, RHODES RESEARCHED....

AND AT THE SAME TIME EXPLOIT THE CHEAP SLAVE LABOR THAT IS AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIVES OF THE COLONIES.

IN DOING SO, WE WILL PRESERVE THE FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN, AND OUR CHILDREN’S CHILDREN.

DREAMED....

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H C LIT

WHAT THE HECK WAS THAT? I’M NOT QUITE SURE... IT WAS TOO FUZZY

HACKERS!?

H C LIT

G 70

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MUST BE...

LEARNED FROM MASTERS...

AND CONNECTED...

IN SOUTH AFRICA’S MAJOR MINING TOWN--KIMBERLEY--THE LOCALS ERECTED A MONUMENT TO CELEBRATE RHODES LIFE.

OXFORD COMMEMORATED RHODES ACHIEVEMENTS BY ERECTING A ORNAMENTAL PLAQUE.

MUCH LIKE OUR HERO GEORGE WASHINGTON. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 71

H C LIT

WE HAVE TO SHUT IT OFF. NOT YET, THE PROGRAM IS NEARLY OVER.

THESE IMAGES ARE RUINING EVERYTHING

H C LIT

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....

IN MEMORY OF HIS ACHIEVEMENTS, OXFORD AGAIN COMMEMORATED RHODES BY BUILDING THE RHODES HOUSE.

LIKE JFK’S & LBJ’S SECRETARY OF THE STATE, DEAN RUSK...

FOR THOSE WHO ARE DREAMERS LIKE CECIL RHODES, YOU MUST APPLY FOR THE RHODES SCHOLARSHIP. IF AWARDED THIS DISTINCTION, YOU WILL NUMBER WITH THE ELITE WHO SEEK TO FURTHER THE AMERICAN DREAM.

OR CLINTON’S COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR, GEORGE STEPHANOPOULOS...

EVEN OUR BELOVED PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON WAS AWARDED THE RHODES SCHOLARSHIP AND ATTENDED RHODES ALMA MATTER, OXFORD UNIVERSITY I DID NOT HAVE SEXUAL RELATIONS WITH THAT WOMAN!

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DADDY, ARE YOU GOING TO GO FIGHT?

KIDS, I DON’T WANT YOU PLAYING WITH THOSE NEIGHBOR BOYS. THEY’RE ZIMBABWEAN. PAPA, I’M SCARED.

MUGABE WANTS TO HURT YOU SON, I WILL FIGHT TO PROTECT YOU AND THE FAMILY

IT’S OKAY JUNIOR. THE GOVERNMENT WILL PROTECT US.

THIS MUGABE GUY IS A REAL PIECE OF WORK. IT’S A GOOD THING O’REILLY IS HONEST, AND FAIR.

TO THINK, PEOPLE BEING CHASED AWAY FROM THEIR HOMES.

WE NEED TO COLLAPSE THAT DEAL WITH ZIMBABWE. THE RISK IS TOO STEEP. AND IF THE PEOPLE GET WORD THAT WE’RE DEALING WITH A CROOK, WE’RE DONE FOR.

DID YOU SEE THOSE DIAMONDS. WHY DON’T YOU GET ME NICE THINGS LIKE THAT BOB?

I AGREE 100% SIR. WE’LL PULL OUT BY MORNING.

DID YOU SEE THAT LEFT HOOK! A BEAUTY...

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LIBERTY, JUSTICE! LIBERTY JUSTICE! LIBERTY, JUSTICE! LIBERTY JUSTICE! LIBERTY, JUSTICE! LIBERTY JUSTICE! LIBERTY, JUSTICE!

WE HAVE TO FIND THOSE HACKERS LOOK, WE’LL CHALK IT UP TO BE A CONSPIRACY THEORY. OR BETTER YET, WE’LL STATE THAT MUGABE INFILTRATED OUR FIREWALL, UPLOADED PROPAGANDA, AND IS TRYING TO PATRIOTICALLY BRAINWASH THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. THEY’LL BECOME EVEN MORE ENRAGED.

YOU ARE A GENIUS JUST WATCH...

EARLY THIS MORNING, THE AMERICAN MEDIA WAS CYBER ATTACKED BY ZIMBABWEAN DELINQUENTS. WE AS AMERICAN’S WILL NOT, WE CAN NOT, TOLERATE THE BULLYING TACTICS OF ROBERT MUGABE. HE SEEKS TO CONTROL US BY INTRODUCING PROPAGANDA THAT SEEKS TO DESTROY OUR DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGIES.

AS SUCH, THE UNITED STATES HAS DECIDED TO IMPOSE HEAVY POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ON ZIMBABWE UNTIL ROBERT MUGABE BECOMES A FRIEND TO LIBERTY AND JUSTICE. MUGABE MUST BECOME A MAN LIKE CECIL RHODES, AND RE-ESTABLISH PERSONAL INTEGRITY. ROBERT, YOU MUST RESTORE THE LANDS TO THEIR RIGHTFUL OWNERS!

UNTIL THEN ZIMBABWE, WE CANNOT HELP YOU, GOD CANNOT HELP YOU. AS FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, LOCK YOUR DOORS, AND BE SAFE AMERICA!

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AND THE PEOPLE CHEER!

CONTACT AGENT SAM TO SEE IF HE HAS THE FOOTAGE FOR TOMORROW’S CAMPAIGN.

YES SIR.

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STAY TUNED GSAPP

YOU CAN PRINT MONEY, MANUFACTURE DIAMONDS, AND PEOPLE ARE A DIME A DOZEN, BUT THEY’LL ALWAYS NEED LAND. IT’S THE ONE THING THEY’RE NOT MAKING ANY MORE OF.

YOU’RE GOING TO THE RALLY? NEED A RIDE?

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CENTURIES AGO, CECIL RHODES CAME A TOOK OUR LAND, RESOURCES, AND FREEDOM. EMPLOYING US AS SLAVES, WE BUILT THIS LAND, AND IT’S TIME FOR US TO REAP WHAT WE HAVE SOWN.

THE WHITE FARMER NO LONGER BE ENTITLED TO STEAL FROM THOSE WHO WERE INDIGENOUS TO ZIMBABWE.

ZAKANAKA ZVAKADARO!

EVIDENCE POLICE AGGRESSION

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EVIDENCE MILITARY AGGRESSION

IS EVERYTHING OKAY?

GIRLS DON’T BE SCARED

NO, THIS LAND DOESN’T BELONG TO YOU. IT BELONGS TO US. MY ANCESTORS BLOOD CRIES OUT FOR RETRIBUTION!

EVIDENCE FARM SEIZURE

I WAS BORN HERE, AND MY FATHERS WERE BORN HERE. MY FAMILY TRANSFORMED THIS LAND FROM BUSH TO PROSPEROUS FARMLAND. THIS IS OUR HOME.

WE WILL TAKE THIS LAND BY FORCE IF NEEDED...

EVIDENCE FARM SEIZURE

EVIDENCE FARM SEIZURE LIBERTY, JUSTICE! LIBERTY JUSTICE! LIBERTY, JUSTICE! LIBERTY JUSTICE! LIBERTY, JUSTICE! LIBERTY JUSTICE! LIBERTY, JUSTICE!

BY NEWLY ENACTED LAW, YOU ARE ILLEGALLY OCCUPYING THIS LAND--YOU’RE UNDER ARREST.

EVIDENCE FARM SEIZURE

EVIDENCE ARRESTED FAMILY

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AMERICA WOULD HAVE US BELIEVE THAT WE ARE AN EVIL REGIME BUILT ON THE DESTRUCTION OF WESTERN DEMOCRACY. THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF FALLACIOUS PROPAGANDA! OUR ARCHITECTURE IS BUT A SHADOW OF THE PREVIOUS TENANT WHO LAID A STRANGLE HOLD ON OUR LAND.

BUT, I AM THE TRUE VICTIM. THIS WESTERN DEMOCRACY SEEKS TO DEFAME MY NAME WHILE GLORIFYING THEIR OWN. WHAT THEY SEEK IS OUR LAND, AND THEY WILL NOT HAVE IT. WE WILL NOT BE THEIR PAWN.

INSTEAD, WE WILL LOOK EAST TOWARDS A BUDDING WORLD SUPERPOWER, CHINA.

EVIDENCE HARARE CITY COUNCIL BUILDING

EVIDENCE EBUHLENI GUEST & LODGE

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EVIDENCE RAINBOW TOWER HOTEL

EVIDENCE ZIMBABWE STATE HOUSE

AS OUR ALLIES, CHINA IS ASSISTING IN THE GROWTH OF OUR NATION. IN EXCHANGE FOR RESOURCES, CHINA IS PROVIDING US WITH MILITARY STABILITY AND INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE.

THEY ARE NOT! STEALING OUR LAND AND RESOURCES!!

EVIDENCE MEETING WITH CHINESE COMMUNIST

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WE ARE STRONG!

EVIDENCE STARVATION

EVIDENCE URBAN LIVING CONDITIONS

EVIDENCE RESOURCE

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EVIDENCE SUBURBAN LIVING CONDITIONS

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ZIMBABWES DICTATOR Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 83

TONIGHT, WE MUST DO THE UNTHINKABLE, A PEAK INSIDE THE ZIMBABWEAN ANARCHY

WELCOME TO THE NO SPIN ZONE, I’M BILL O’REILLY

THOSE WHO STAND UP TO THE INJUSTICE AT HAND ARE ARRESTED, AND PLACED BEHIND BARS. WHOLE FAMILIES, INCLUDING WOMEN AND CHILDREN HAVE BEEN BEATEN.

WITH EACH PASSING DAY, MORE AND MORE FARMERS ARE REMOVED FROM THEIR GENERATIONAL HOMELANDS.

REJECTING THE WEST, MUGABE IS TURNED TOWARDS THE COMMUNIST IN CHINA FOR MILITARY PROTECTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

THERE IS A DICTATOR AMONG US!

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THE LIVING CONDITIONS ARE HORRIBLE, AND PEOPLE ARE STARVING DAILY.

AND UNTIL WE CAN PLACE A MAN WHO SUPPORTS LIBERTY AND JUSTICE AT THE HELM OF THE ZIMBABWEAN REPUBLIC...

STAY TUNED

LOCK YOUR DOORS, AND BE SAFE AMERICA!

RELEASE THE IMAGES. AND LET THEM LOOP INFINITELY

YES SIR.

JUST WATCH...

STARVATION BECAUSE MUGABE FAILS TO REPENT, THE PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE ARE STARVING.

COMMUNIST AS A RESULT, MUGABE HAS BECOME A CHINESE PAWN EXCHANGING BODYGAURDS FOR RESOURCES.... Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 85

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DICK CHENEY

Ho, Jasmine Tzu-Hwan

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LANDSCAPES ACCORDING TO DICK CHENEY Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 89

What is your favorite virtue?

LINCOLN, NEBRASKA

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Integrity

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What do you appreciate most in friends?

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Honesty

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What is your idea of happiness?

A day on the South Fork of the Snake with a fly rod.

When was the first time you went fishing after your heart transplant?

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This is it. I havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been out since last summer

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Howâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s your health now?

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Much, much better. Thank you.

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What is your idea of misery?

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The loss of a family member Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 99

Do you have a favorite food?

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Spaghetti

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What do you consider to be your main fault?

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WHAT HE WAS AIMING FOR

WHAT HE SHOT

QUAIL HUNTING IN KENEDY COUNTY, TEXAS

My main fault …uh… Well, I don’t spend much time thinking about my faults, I guess would be the answer

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YALE UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING

UNIVERSITY OF MADISON WISCONSON

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UNIVERSITY OF MADISON WISCONSON

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NOVEMBER 7, 2000 THEY GOT FLORIDA

NO, THEY DIDN’T GET FLORIDA

FOUR SEASONS AUSTIN, TEXAS

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NUMBER ONE OBSERVATORY CIRCLE

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ADOLF HITLER

Howchberg, Benjamin Alexander

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CRAFTING AN IDEAL RACE?

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START with

ART. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 111

ESTABLISH AN EXPRESSION 112

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WHOSE EXTERIOR EMBODIES YOUR IDEALS

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AND ERADICATE THAT WHICH DOES NOT CONFORM. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 115

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IT IS IMPORTANT TO CRAFT — IN CONJUNCTION WITH YOUR RACE — A CULTURE TO REFLECT IT. IN THOUSANDS OF YEARS WHEN YOUR BLONDE BRETHREN HAVE SUCCUMBED TO THE PROGRESS OF HISTORY, THEY WILL FIND YOUR CULTURAL REMNANTS A TESTAMENT TO THE GREAT SOCIETY YOU ESTABLISHED. LET THE CRUX OF THIS CULTURE BE A LASTING ARCHITECTURE. WITH EACH COLUMN YOU MAKE A MORE INDELIBLE IMPRINT ON THE EARTH’S COLLECTIVE MEMORY.

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IN THE END, YOUR MEMORY CANNOT BE ERASED.

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YOUR GHOSTS WILL LINGER ON …

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XI JINPING

Jinag, Xuezhu

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KIM JONG-IL I

Kim, Tahee Joan

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DISCLAIMER The following pages are based on the presumption of a reunified Korea for the sole purpose of storytelling and satirical commentary. It is fictional with the exception of certain truths that are already well known today.

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PYONGYANG, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

No. 7 (5,691)

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Peace Village Now Open to the Public

BY KIM DO CHAN

PYONGYANG- The picturesque village that once was also known as propaganda village by foreigners is now open to the public as part of a year-long celebration for the 5-year anniversary of the reunified Korea. Visitors may reserve a spot on the daily group tours that will run until the end of the year. Kim Jong-Un, Supreme Leader of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea prior to the reunification, will be present to give lectures and lead discussions on the history of the Peace Village from his grandfather’s reign. The Peace Village, called Kijongdong in Korean, was one of two villages permitted to remain in the 4km wide DMZ set up under the 1953 armistice, ending the Korean War. The other village is then South Korean village Daeseongdong, 2.22km away. While the South Korean village remained a farming village for a good number of citizens who received special benefits and must have proved to have ancestral connections to the village to live there, North Korean Kijongdong was built as a propaganda village to encourage defectors to the North in all its blue-roofed luxurious glory.

The village was declared to have housed 200 families in a collective farm and include a childcare center, kindergarten, primary and secondary schools and a hospital. The tour package provides the option a 2-hour guided tour of Kijongdong (Peace Village) and a dinner event with special lecture from Kim Jong Un or a 1-hour guided tour of Kijongdong and a 1-hour tour of Daeseongdong through the remaining tunnel network that was discovered at reunification, the first 4 tunnels having been discovered in the 1970’s. The tour is said to have taken five years to carefully prepare for foreign visitors in entering the once heavily guarded area. The underground network of tunnels served to be the main means of travel for military personnel to carefully search the entire 4km wide DMZ area for countless landmines. Panmunjeom, home of the Joint Security Area inside the DMZ was the only place where the North and South connected. It is now home to the national wildlife nature preserve who maintain the DMZ grounds for its rich wildlife. For more, see B1.

Dear Leader Painting Sells for $10.5 billion on Ebay PYONGYANG- An original painting dating back to 2000 has been sold by an ex-elite who found it in his summer house after 5 years of travelling the world. It is said to be one of the most valuable paintings from pre-unification era Korea. Since the reunification, thousands of the leader’s portraits have been sent in as donations but this is only a sliver of the total number of portraits that exist in every household. Once a month, workers from the Public Standards Police inspected every home to ensure a clean and well-kept portrait Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 149

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WOORINARA TOUR

TESTIMONIES Hi Simon, Nick and the rest of the Koryo groupWe wanted to let you know that we had an amazing tour. The entire visit was remarkable. We’re still processing and thinking about everything we saw. The hospital tour was particularly interesting. Our guides were great and survived their first tour with American kids! Though challenged by the different tempo the 14-and-under set places on a tour, Kim and Lee managed wonderfully and now know the location of every bathroom within 20 meters of every site visited and have mastered the art of answering the same questions 20 times a day (yes, we’re almost there; no, we’ll get water at the next stop; etc). Thanks,

Cornelia, Sorry it’s taken so long to get these pics to you.The trip was unbelievable. Were exceptionally friendly and helpful and we couldn’t have asked for better guides. knowledge of every monument to the finest detail was astounding and whilst there were clearly some different beliefs to ours, we were never really made to feel uncomfortable. It really changed our view of the place. Lil and I learnt far more about the people than we ever expected and we really enjoyed our time there. We are now talking about our second trip back and visiting different places outside Pyongyang. If we did do another tour, is it likely that we can arrange for the same guides? Or is that not allowed?. Thanks again for your help with organising this trip. It’s certainly been the topic of many discussions back home.

Julie

Will Hi Simon, As a seasoned traveler it’s so hard to be surprised anymore, and this trip delivered. Hi Hannah,

-Wendy

Just to say thanks a million, really enjoyed the tour in every way. Was a fascinating place, a real eye opener. The guides were as informative as they could be and all logistics, hotel and food really good. Was lucky too to be with such a sound and diverse group. Good luck with all future ventures there. Lets hope the country will gradually begin to open up further and to prosper.

We came back from China at the end of last week there and i just wanted to let you know we had the best time in DPRK. Every part of the trip was a highlight and our guides were fantastic. I am so glad we took an independent tour as we got to know them and were able to fit the itinery around what we wanted to do, which was great. Thanks for all your help in arranging such an amazing trip, we have been raving about it since we came back. Regards, Gavin.

All the best, Seánie Hi Hannah, Dear Simon, Thanks again for arranging the North Korea trip! It was a new life experience for myself and I will never forget about what I have seen and witnessed. Best regards Andreas

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I just returned from the DPRK, and still cannot imagine what a fantastic trip I had. I would especially like to thank Pak, who accompanied me on an unscheduled walk in Kaesong, and 2 in Pyongyang. She also let me photograph some North Koreans, of course with their permission! It helped me see the real DPRK. Best Regards, Nachiket Patil

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Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 151 WOORINARA TRAVEL PEACE VILLAGE TOURS

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No. 7 (5,691)

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PICTURE PERFEC by single-storey family homes at the Angled in a specific way bottom of the hill. The topography is to be viewed from the South Korean said to have been constructed purely side, Kim Jong Il began construction for aesthetic purposes, to add depth soon after the armistice and completed to the village from afar. Up till now, the project at an incredibly fast rate. tourists have been taken up to the All of the buildings are made up of scenic point on the South Korean side poured-in-place concrete panels with to take photographs of this specifically a mixture of blue tile roofs or thatched constructed view. Because of the limited roofs, depending on the status and use accessibility on the other side of the of the building. The village community DMZ, all photographs have been the centers are clearly located near the same, largely limiting the analysis for flagpole and rows of multi-storey South Korean researchers and historians. buildings line the top and are replaced 152 Columbia University GSAPP

It wasn’t until the advancement of satellite cameras and Google Earth that researchers were able to notice multiple pecularities about the village. Even then, no one was able to visit and confirm these observations since the North Koreans had closed off the village to anyone who did not ‘reside’ there. Koryo tours was a North Korea tour specialist since the early 90’s and has accumulated a much praise for their indepth and highly eye-opening tours into

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CT URBAN PLANNING certain parts of North Korea. Their website is full of past testimonials, including this one from a happy man who decided to invest in the group tour package: Dear Koryo Tours, In May I took part in your May Day Short Tour and I just wanted to pass along my sincerest thanks for one of the best trips I have ever been on.

Every aspect fo the trip was organised in the most professional manner possible. From arranging a shuttle bus that took us to the airport, accommodating unusual luggage and travel requests, to excellent pre-trip and post-trip follow up communication, you really do run a first class show. It has been my experience while participating in group tours like this that the right tour group can either make or break an experience. While my

A typicial view from Panmunjom in the DMZ viewing platform. Photograph taken by Taehee Kim

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main streets

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It has been my experience while participating in group tours like this that the right tour group can either make or break an experience. While my fellow travellers were outstanding on their own accord I felt the entire staff went out of their way to ensure the group bonded with each other, the gudis, and the Korean people. My deepest gratitude goes out to GSAPP

Simon who did everything from having everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s names memorised before we even met, sitting with us in the bar every night and giving us the backstage scoop on North Korea, to wrestling with the border guards for a confiscated map (he, of course, won the battle and got the map back ;-))

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No. 7 (5,691)

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Viewing platform at DMZ

KIJONGDONG (PEACE VILLAGE) 200-family collective farm Childcare center Kindergarten Primary /secondary schools Hospital World’s 3rd largest 525’ flagpole

The village was discovered to have housed North Korean soldiers that worked in the area manning the network of artillery positions, fortifications and underground marshalling bunkers surrounding the DMZ. This was an outright denial of the negotiations of the armistice and outraged the world, including the US who were stationed until recently. Kim Jong Il ordered

loudspeakers to be installed throughout of about 200 residents who were forced the village to project propaganda to listen to this until 2004. The two sides broadcasts and slogans in hopes to lure then negotiated to turn off both of their defectors from the South. When this loudspeakers. was proven to have minimal effect, the content switched to anti-western speeches, *Sign up for WooriNara’s Peace Village patriotic marching music for up to 20 Standard package tour to experience the hours a day.The Freedom village, also loudspeakers today! known as Daeseongdong was a small town Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 157

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Modern telescopic lenses had led to the conclusion that all of the buildings are shells with no interior spaces. Tourists were beginning to see pitch black spaces beyond the building openings- openings that also seemed to have no window frame or any glass for that matter. There was a strange eerie atmosphere to the village no matter what time of day you went to see it, and at the same time every night, the street lights and the lights inside of the buildings flickered on simultaneously.

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Occasionally, you might see a person sweeping the streets too- it was believed that they were the same person that pretended to sweep the unused streets for an added effect of activity. The only color in the village were the blue and brown colored roofs and the balconies that were also concrete. Zooming into the front of one of the balconies, one might find that the door that opens out to it is not actually a door but a window that stops just before the top of the balcony rail. They are colored

PYONGYANG, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

depending on the type of building, just as the roofs signify the type of the building it sits on. Historically, tiles were very expensive to make and thus signified great wealth and luxury to whoever lived in a house with a tiled roof. Only the upper class were able to afford them, and thus any village you walked into you could easily point out which houses belonged to the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;yangbanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the member of traditional ruling class and nobles in dynasic Korea.

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It is still interesting to note that the lower single storey homes are brown tiled and may signify that they still restrict social class to specific types of housing and visually differentiate them from the upper class in the village. They do not pop out against the terrain like the blue roofs do and blend into the foregorund as there are many more brown roofs than blue roofs. If the North Koreans wanted to put on a mask that made them look populous and thriving, blue roofs would have been everywhere, not

just allocated for the higher up multistorey buildings. *Sign up for Woorinara’s Standard package tour to see the roofs and fake windows yourself!

Saturday, February 15, 2020

BUILDING FEATURES Blue tile roof Pre-fab concrete panel Glassless windows Open plan (no interior rooms) Limited shading from ‘balconies’ Timed building and streetlights Street-sweeper service Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 159

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URBAN STRATEGIES 3-tiered system by height 1+ floor home receives a blue roof Community buildings distinctively different roof Hide unsightly buildings with foliage The Blue House, Seoul Korea

The following exerpt from the authors of theintellectualdevotional.com writes about the political folly of Kijongdong and Daeseongdong and describes the two villages in the DMZ as the biblical Cain and Abel of Sister cities, emphasizing that it is ultimately an illustration of the shocking disparity in the quality of life enjoyed in both countires.

amenities represent an unheard-of level of luxury for any rural Korean in the 1950s, north or south. The town was oriented so that the bright blue roofs and white sides of the buildings next to the massive DPRK flag would be the most distinguishing features when viewed from across the border. However, scrutinizing Kijongdong through a half decent telescopic lens suggests otherwise. The town is actually The picturesque village features a number uninhabited, and the Easter egg colored of brightly painted, poured-concrete multi- apartment buildings are mere concrete story buildings and apartments, many shells that lack window glass or even apparently wired for electricity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; these interior rooms, with building lights turned

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on and off at set times and empty sidewalks swept by a skeleton crew of caretakers in an effort to preserve the illusion of activity. North Korean farmers till nearby fields during the day and are removed from the area at night. The North Korean government needs to inject some new blood into their marketing department, because this ad campaign is not selling anyoneâ&#x20AC;Ś. Read more at theintellectualdevotional.com

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B10

Saturday, February 15, 2020

PANMUNJOM

It has been established that the DMZ is not only full of dangerous weapons, it is also home to an unknown number of secret underground tunnels dug by the north to infiltrate men and weapons to the south with the intention of mounting a surprise attack. Within a span of five months between November 1974 and March 1975, 2 of these tunnels were discovered and neutralized by the United Nations command. The third one was discovered in 1978. The first and the third are the closest tunnels to Panmunjom and go through the opposite facing Freedom Village Daeseongdong down towards Seoul. Like the first 2 tunnels, the third one was 2 meters high and 2 meters wide but unlike the previous two, an American military officer at the scene said that it reflected improved skills. It lies about 1.2 km west of the Military Demarcation Line and came through to the south side by 435 meters. It is believed that in the event of an attack, the north Koreans would have been able to march through at least 30,000 fully armed men an hour, endangering Seoul which contained 20% of the nations population at that time. Because its distance of only

44km from the capital city, it would only take an hour for the troops to descend on the government, protected from aerial bombings due to the depth of the tunnel 73 meters in the ground. *Sign up for Woori Nara Travelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Deluxe package tour to experience the secret underground tunnels in the Underground tunnel

TUNNEL COMPARISON CHART 1st Tunnel

2nd Tunnel

3rd Tunnel

Discovered

Nov 15, 1974

Mar 19, 1975

Oct 17, 1978

Location

8km NE of Korangpo

13km N Chorwon

Size

1.2m H x 90cm W

2m H x 2m W

4km S Panmun jom 1.95m H x 2m W

Depth from Surface 45cm

50-160m

73m

Total Length

3.5km

1635m

Tunnel lining

concrete

Capacity (per hour)

1 regiment

none none 30,000 armed troops + heavy guns equipment

Projected Invasion

Korangpo-Seoul

Chorwon-Seoul

Munsan-Seoul

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THE KIM JONG-IL EMERGENCY ESCAPE PLAN BY SHIN HYE SUNG

There’s nothing more a Supreme Leader of his country will fear than the fall of his empire. Read through to the idiot-proof step by-step plan on how the Supreme Leader planned his escape once upon a time.

Subway station, Pyongyang

*Make your friends jealous and sign up for Woori Nara’s Deluxe package tour to be a part of the emergency escape action!

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Hwang Jang-yup, former Secretary of the Labor Party and a defector, once talked about an underground escape tunnel exclusively for Kim Jong-Il, that is 300m(about a thousand feet) deep. Hwang said, “I once went down to the secret underground tunnel connected beneath the Pyongyang subway tunnels, decades ago. We went down 150m more from the subway tunnels.” To give you an idea, Pyongyang subway lines are built 100~150m beneath the surface in case of a nuclear attack. Tunnels go far beyond Pyongyang as well. According to Secretary Hwang, “I went to Jamosan via the tunnels, which is about 40 kilometers(~25 miles) away from Pyongyang. There were clean water springs and vegetation growing underground.” This network of underground tunnels is known to be connected all the way to Kim Jong-Il’s vacation villa in Myohyang.

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“I once went down to the secret underground tunnel connected beneath the Pyongyang subway tunnels, decades ago. We went down 150m more from the subway tunnels. Hwang Jang Yup, former Secretary of Labor Party/defector

To save you with the trouble of looking up names of the locations, here’s the jist: If North Korea gets invaded while he is in any of his vacation villas, which is spread all over the place around Pyongyang, he can simply take the tunnel to the military command center nearby. From there, he can issue his war commands. When things turn out for the worst, Kim Jong-Il can easily escape to Nampo, a harbor city, to escape via ocean to another nation.

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During construction of the tunnel, no members of the tunnel team were allowed to return home to ensure the secrecy of the operation. Several teams composed of 15-20 workers toiled 24 hours a day in three shifts. The site was hidden with heavy bushes and other camouflage material. Each tunnel was dug in a zigzag fashion to help drain underground water. It is ironic to think that the north Koreans were resorting to this kind of hostile action where they were talking peace with the south. They must have been having a lot of fun going home after the peace talks laughing amongst themselves saying, ‘Hah! If they only knew that we are now 320km away from their President...’ Clearly North Korea never had the intention of abandoning its policy of war as a means of reunifying Korea.

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THE 5-STEP

KIM JONG IL APPROVED PLAN STEP 1: Dig a tunnel 300m below your palace STEP 2: Hook it up to the city’s subway lines STEP 3: Grow gardens inside for food STEP 4: Make tunnel exits at port cities for convenient ocean getaways STEP 5: Use them to infiltrate South Korea

“Peace Talks Not War” Nearly two million people in Seoul took to the streets in anger to denounce the continued tunneling of the north Korean Communists. The demonstrators then adopted a 4-point resolution demanding that the north abandon its tunneling war tactics and return to the conference table. They portrayed unity at Seoul’s May 16 Plazaa while stating the following resolution: 1. The discovery of a third north Koreandug tunnel confirms that north Korea has not changed its scheme to communize the peninsula by force. 2. We reaffirm our committment to step up national security realizing that this is the only way to achieve peaceful unification. 3. We pledge to devote our lives, with unity to insuring national security and 4. We demand that north Korea abandon tis scheme to communize the south by force and return to the conference table. In addition to the tunnels, the United Nations Command investigators also found some of the equipment used by the north Koreans in their burrowing operations. Six boxes of dynamite, containers that were labeled “Down with American Imperialist Agressors” and half-eaten bowls of rice, left in haste.

Map of Underground Tunnel Discoveries

“..containers that were labeled “Down with American Imperialist Agressors” and half-eaten bowls of rice were left in haste”

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Daeseong-dong is part of Josan-ri, Gunnae-myeon in Paju city. It is the only civililan habitation within the Southern portion of the DMZ. The village is only 1 mile from Kijongdong and you can see that this South Korean village also has a large flagpole. The civilians who live in Daeseong-dong are special South Koreans; they are exempt from national defense duties and pay no taxes. In addition, they are restricted to moving and must maintain a strict 11pm curfew. There have been stories where it was reported that civilians who stayed outside after 11pm and were wandering outside near the demarcated line were kidnapped by the north.

There is a strong sense of rivalry between the two propaganda villages. The South Korean government built a 323ft lagpole in Daeseong-dong which flew a South Korean flag weighing 287 pounds. The North Korean government responded shortly by building the 525ft flagpole in Kijong-dong, flying a 595 pound flag of North Korea. As of 2011, the North Korean flag was the third largest in the world after the Dushanbe Flagpole in Tajikistan at 541ft and the National Flag Square in Baku, Azerbaijan at 531ft.

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DAESEONG-DONG (FREEDOM VILLAGE) Blue tile / orange tile roof Restricted residency Girls to marry within village Men may marry from outside No tax No conscription 11pm curfew 323â&#x20AC;&#x2122; flagpole

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THE HISTORY OF THE DMZ BY JIN HO SON

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Sign up for Woori Naraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Deluze package tour to stand in Panmunjom, Joint Security Area in the DMZ where peace talks are held.

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THE HISTORY OF THE DMZ The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) runs along the Korean peninsula as a buffer zone between the two Koreas following the Korean war armistice signing in 1953. It is a de facto border barrier at the 38th parallel north and roughly cuts the peninsula in half. It is 160 miles long and approximately 2.5 miles wide. Ironically, it is the most heavily militarized border in the world. On the right, the 10cm high concrete threshold marks the actual Military Demarcation Line that goes down the center of the DMZ and indicates exactly where the front was when the agreement was signed. This Joint Security Area is highly tense and there was a genuine hostility between the North and the South which resulted in sporadic outbreaks of violence due to North Korean hostilities between 1953-1999 that killed over 500 South Korea soldiers and 50 US soldiers along the DMZ. The line goes through the conference rooms and down the middle of the conference tables where the North Koreans and United Nations Command meet face to face. Daeseong-dong and Kijong-dong are the only villages allowed by the armistice commttee to remain within the boundaries of the DMZ. Residents of each village are governed by their respective sides. Residents of Daeseong-dong are governed by the United Nations Command and are generally required to spend at least 240 nights per year in the village to maintain their reisdency. In 2008, the village population reached 218. They are direct descendants of people who owned the land before the 1950 Korean war.

10cm high concrete threshold

Looking towards North Korean side

*Sign up for Woori Naraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Deluxe package tour to experience the DMZ in all of its intensity! Please follow the tour guide for safety precautions and you will be 100% safe.

PANMUNJOM In 1953, an armistice was signed to cease fire during the Korean War and ensured the DMZ at 38th parallel Looking towards South Korean side Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 167

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MODEL HOMES GET A MAKEOVER...AGAIN. BY TAEHEE KIM Woori Nara Travel provides tours within many parts of what was North Korea before the reunification, as most of it is still intact and tourist visas were limited and difficult to arrange without a speciality tourism agency. Because all of the tours are highly organized and orchestrated to expose specific parts of the North, all tourists have experienced the same views as their peers the year before, the week before, even the day before. The internet is full of photos from tourists all taken from the same perspective and all with the same subtitles, commenting on the privacy of the country and censorship restrictions they are forced to adhere to for fear of losing their lives. The set of three photos to the right is an example of one of these. The tourist is on a bus heading towards the airport outside of Pyongyang. They took the same photo of the same building complex 3 different years, which illustrates the constant maintenance of the buildings for public view. The idea of painting the buildings pink was apparently introduced in 2014 (or anytime after 2011) and somehow seems to brighten up the neighborhood of its already drab concrete appeal. Who knows if the building is actual functional and has electricity or hot water? There are minor signS of occupation within its dark windows and empty balconies. For more photos like these, see E2.

2010

2011

POTEMKIN TOURS BY DOYOUNG LEE

2014

Other tours lead you through Chilbo beach, where your accomoodations include the lovely model homes of historical Korea. They are pristinely kept, in contrast to the actual homes of the civilians nearby which you can see if you get a chance to sneak out and wander around. The model homes are numbered for your convenience and include hot water, electricity and a gracious host who will serve you your meals. Notice how the model homes are the only ones with tiled roofs, whereas the regular homes are thatched or aluminum.

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Model home-stay homes and contrasting local homes near Mt. Chilbo beach

Apartment buildings outside Pyongyang, en route to airport on foreign visitor tour

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Once upon a time in North Korea...

DEAR LEADER Hey don’t forget you’re on duty tonight- I owe you one bro!

Yeah yeah yeah..just don’t forget to reprint those posters! The yellow isn’t bright enough.

20 years later...

Is THIS better??

Sir, what should we do with Peace Village? It’s kind of pointless now...

Hmm..yes... It’s gonna need some windows.

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Then just gift it to the Americans. And don’t tell the President.

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REFERENCES Barclay, Shelly. (November 24, 2010). The History of Kijong Dong, Retrieved from Humanities360, http://www.humanities360.com/ index.php/the-history-of-kijong-dong-16773. dailypropaganda.com dprktoday.com intellectualdevotional.com O’Neill ,Tom. Korea’s DMZ: Dangerous Divide. National Geographic. Retrieved from http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/ features/world/asia/north-korea/dmz-text. Testimonies, www.koryogroup.com Secret Tunnel Under Panmunjom, (Korean Overseas Information Service, Oct 1978) Seoul Korea Image Credits Flickr photos of DPRK by Moreska, Raymond Cunningham, riNux Instagram @everydaydprk, photos taken by @dguttenfelder, @drewkelly, @simonkoryo

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KIM JONG-IL II

Yi, Joung taek

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FIDEL CASTRO

Li, Hao

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REVOLUTION UNFINISHED The National School of Art, Havana, Cuba

A True Story To Be Continued...

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After the revolution, we feel that all dreams are possible. Utopia, revolution..everything could be accomplished.

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"Imagine if we can have hundreds of students of art in this magnifIcent landscape!"

At the country club playing golf, the idea of an art school emerged in Fidel's mind.

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1 hour later...

After hacking their way through a local course as a press stunt, Castro stopped a young Cuban architect on the street named Selma Diaz.

Selma Diaz Architect

" I want you to build the best art schools in the world. I want something totally unique, that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t look like anything else. "â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Selma Diaz recuited the best young Cuban architect she knew, Ricardo Porro, Roberto Gottardi, and Vittorio Garatti.

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" You have two months to finish the design. Take it or leave it." Two months later... School of Dramatic Arts Roberto Gottardi

School of Ballet Vittorio Garatti

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School of Ballet Vittorio Garatti

School of Modern Dance Ricardo Porro

School of Plastic Art Ricardo Porro

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Construction started in 1961. The US Embargo in 1960 made importing materials an impossible task, leaving clay the only available material

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Students came with drum and drinks to volunteer in constructing the school... The school is born witin the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; drum beats !

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"it was a beatutiful experiment. We dreamed this experiement. it is like a great structure that unleashed our dreams and visions."

"thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a interrelation among musicians, painters, theater students..which didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t happen before revolution."

"the entries are interconnected.. similar to the statement of the revolution..not remain fIxed in a dogmatic vision."

"it is very linked to revolution. Open design. Open like the revolution was."â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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" i didn't agree that schorlarship holders who lived off the offIcial budget should be practicing 'freedeom'."

On July 26, 1965, construction stopped. Just two of the five schools completed. 210

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the closer Cuba was to Soviet Union, the more it wanted to use the stuff in the Soviet Union. Cuba start to make prefabricated buildings everywhere. Creative architecture was seen bourgeois profession, and non-productive construction are stopped. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 211

the school was permanently abandoned to looters and the creeping tropical foliage.

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Cuban architect Porro left the country soon after. The other Italian architect, Vittorio Garatti, was jailed in the 1970s and expelled.

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"I sing, I play music, I raise artists, therefore I exist."

In 1999, the government started the renovations, then ran out of money, and the project was abandoned yet again. 214

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Carlos Acosta Ballet dancer He proposes renovating the abandoned ballet school with millions raised abroad, turning it into a global dance and cultural center he'll run as the head of a nonprofit.

In 2012, Lord Norman Foster has drawn up the blueprints, and authorities in Havana have embraced the proposal. However, Garatti, the original architect, is still alive. He has sent a letter to Fidel and Raul Castro saying Acosta's plan is a dangerous step toward the "privatization" of the school. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 215

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JOSIP BROZ TITO I Li, Sha

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Sha Li

THE PRESIDENT OF FOMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC-----JOSIP BROZ TITO 218

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JOSIP BROZ

TITO Brotherhood Unity

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Destroy all the land! It seems we come across the most effective resistance

Nazi has occupied a lot of our country! Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to fight!

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Born in AustriaHun

Became a machinist

Join the AustriaHungary Army

Prioner rebellion

Became the leader of Yugoslav Partisans Fight against Nazi

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President of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

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The first word a child know in Yugoslavia

With workers

With Yong Young Pioneers

With workers

Dance together Brotherhood and Unity! Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 223

Brotherhood and unity

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Built by Dušan Džamonja in 1972.

The Monument at Kazara, located at the highest point of the forest moutain range. Visitors are able to enter the monument. The form of interiority produces an uneasy feeling of entrapment, which clearly refers to the horrific experiences that took place during World War II in the Kozara Mountain range when Germantroops surrounded the neighboring forests with the help of Ustasha collaborators and closed in on the partisans and villagers.

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Strenth and Unity

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;In various countries that I have visited I saw many monuments at which I have laid the wreaths. Yet such a beautiful and such a magnificent monument as it is this one here, I have never seen elsewhere. This is truly a masterpiece of our architecture, of our artists.â&#x20AC;?

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Cut off what I do not need

How luxury it is to keep a leopard!

Comfortable life style

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Enjoy luxury and relaxed life in magnificent buildings. Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 229

1972

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The Haludovo Palace Hotel opened in 1972. Josip Broz Tito

o loosened visa requirements for foreigners and opened his countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s borders to Western.

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1973

One major problem was that Yugoslav citizens were not allowed in the casinos and middle clas 232

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1980

Yugoslav football players, Tomislav Ivic and Zoran Vujovic, react to the news of Yugoslav president Titoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s death.

ss foreign tourists stayed away. the Haludovo Palace Hotel was bankrupt.

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JOSIP BROZ TITO II

Mater, Nicole Marie

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click,

click...

click, click, click, click...

click, click, click, click... click, click, click, click... click, click, click, click...

hummmmmmm....

The Marshall and his wife are seated for their evening film...

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Nazi-occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1943. Under the faithful leadership of Marshal Tito, the Yugoslavian partisans have put up a staunch fight against the occupying Axis powers for a number of years. Despite being outgunned, outmaneuvered, and vastly outnumbered, they managed to recuperate in the harsh mountainous region called Durmitor in northern Montenegro. However, their rest was short-lived, as the combined foreign and domestic Axis powers begin an encirclement offensive, outnumbering them 6:1. The Partisans have no choice but to fight out of the encirclement, heading towards eastern Bosnia. They finally clash with the Axis on the plains of Sutjeska in southeastern Bosnia.

RICHARD

Various people are caught up in the fighting, such as a Dalmatian who lost all of his children during the war. As the fighting intensifies, the story and the scenes are drawn more and more into the colossal battle as both sides are forced into a conflict that can only be described as a living hell. The scenes are interlaced between general battle rage and individual, personal fates and agonies of several main characters, from supreme commanders to ordinary soldiers.

SOPHIA

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The offensive finally ends as a failure for the Axis armies, but the Partisans are not in a mood to celebrate â&#x20AC;&#x201C; they suffered devastating losses. Still, they marched on.

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crrrashhhhh....

The bridges were destroyed, the infrustructure was brought down. What was a welcoming landscape became a warzone.

tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt

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tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt tingkt, tingkt, tingkt, tingkt

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the land has been ravaged

jchhhhhhhhhuuu....

eeeeeeeeeeeooooo!! (long high whistles)

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Can we run that again, Rick? This time, really hit it home with a feeling of heroism. This is for the Marshal, you know....

Sure thing...

But are films really the best way to commemorate what happened here...?

Of course not, Richard, let me show you some of my other pet projects...

...Marshal!

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For each battle site, in which our countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heroism was displayed... ...I commissioned monuments Works of art honoring our bravery...

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Each one unique.... And anticipating the future of design...

...Celebrating the inguinuity of our country, honoring the beauty of the landscape...

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...Part sculpture, part place....

...The strength of a nation, displayed in perpetuity...

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...As years pass, and memories of our nation begin to fade, these monuments will retain our cultural memory.

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MAO ZEDONG

Qian, Wenyun

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Mao

Zedong

Red China Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s commune

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Born in a a wealthy farm Family

Write Manifesto

Became a Leader

Won the War

Mao is our reddest sun!

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Join Communist Party

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Long life ,Chairman Mao!!!!!!

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Welcome to Soviet Union

Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the modern industrial cities in my mind!!!

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We should learn from SOVIET UNION! Build our own Industrial City

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This shoud be the future ci see thousands of Chimney

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ity. I want to ys In Beijing

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Great!

We Learn Everything From Mao !

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We will be the strongest country in the world in 15 years

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A site plan of a commune of 1,208 residents outside of Shanghai in 1958 shows the mix of residential, public facilities, industry, and agriculture.Â Remaking Chinese Urban Form

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SUICHENG PEOPLE’S COMMUNE A neighborhood site plan of the Xiaozhan People’s Commune in Tianjin shows the placement of residential blocks around a central square of public facilities. Remaking Chinese Urban Form Key: 1- canteen and club; 2 - office and post office; 3 - shops and library; 4 - nursery; 5 - kindergarten

CAOYANG VILLAGE

Caoyang Village is one of the first planned workers’ settlements in Shanghai that underwent several phases of expansion from the early 1950’s up to the 1970’s. The housing blocks were comprised of two story buildings formed out of combinations of two, three, or four modules. Forty eight buildings containing a total of 167 of these modules were completed, providing living space for 1002 households

PANYU PEOPLE’S COMMUNE

As the people’s commune movement gained traction in 1958, there was an explosion of articles in the journal covering topics of new construction of the typology, primarily as new village in outskirts of cities or rural areas. For the Panyu commune, the architects drew up designs for a series of low-rise housing blocks featuring minimal private dwelling units clustered around shared public facilities.

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WE COOK TOGETHER

WE EAT TOGETHER

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WE ARE SO HAPPY

ALL THE ILLUSION

ENDED BY STARVING

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JOSEPH STALIN

Tatarintseva, Tatiana

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NICOLAE CEAUSESCU

VORONEANU, MANOLE RAZVAN

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BRUNEI

Worrell, James Casey

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1,500 ft

725 ft Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies 337

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DENG XIAOING

Xu, Ming

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Deng were reinstated as vice Chairman, vice premier and vice chinaman of chinese army in 1977, the second year after Mao's death. At that time, according to mao's red urbanism.Chinese cities were planned as a congregation of lots of Danweis, which contain education facilities, factories, clubs, stores and residences.

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We should make use of the intellectual resources of other countries by inviting them to participate in key development projects and other construction projects in various fields. It doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice.

OPEN UP As Maoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s succesor, Deng argued there is no fundamental contradiction between socialism and a market economy. So he believed it was essential for us to open up for western captial and intelligence.

We are first four Special Economical Zones in China!!!

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In Shenzhen I’m the name given by Deng

The SEA WORLD, a french bought by China, was turnned into a signature shopping mall in China. Deng named it “the world on the ocean“ in 1984

I’m a ship from France, but I’m locked innerland

I’m a bar from German

I’m a store from USA

I’m a restaurant from Japan

I’m a museum from Britain

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Shenzhen International Trade Building, one of the eariest skyscrapers in Shenzhen, was built in 1985. It was the building where Deng gave his South Speech.

We are building the very first skyscraper in China!

In three days we can finish one floor!!

We should call it Shenzhen Speed!

Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll be the highest Chinese restaurant in China! And Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m a revolving one!

This building was where legend began, this building herself was a legend!! Without socialism, without open up, without reform, none of these would be here!

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Even after Deng,Shenzhen still keeps its role as a connection between world and China. Window of the world, a theme park in Shenzhen built in 1993 was named by Jiang Zeming, the successor of Deng. It has about 130 reproduction of tourist attractions arounf the world.

This is the window of world, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m named by Jiang!

I am a reproducted Eiffel Tower in Shenzhen.

I can not afford a trip to Egypt, but I still can experience it.

I am a reproducted St. Markâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Square in Shenzhen.

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The first Chinese real estate residences in Shenzhen was under pressure of Deng Xiaoping. As lack of money, Luo had to introduce Hong Kong capital helped him build residence in Shenzhen's earth. Then he soldl these residences to get money. This was not totally legal at that time as all the residences were built by goverment. But from then on, real estate became legal in China.

Deputy Secretary of Shenzhen Real Estate

... ...

In in I need money to build it.

I'm Donghu Liyuan, the very first Chinese real estate residencial, my plan is so different from Danwei.

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Goverment has no money for you. Go find money yourself.

MAKE IT.

need a 2000 m2 apartment for my cadres n one year.

A Danwei residencial design in 1950s

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I'm Shun Hing Square, the 2nd tall building in Shenzhen, I don not want to be a Danwei community, I'm metropolitan.

I'm the prevailing Danwei plan in 1950s

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See? we are not that different with Hong Kong.

We are socialism,with Chinese characteristics.

You are not socialism!!

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I do not care if it is market economy or planned economy, I do not care if it is real estate residencial or Danwei residencial, as long as they can work for Chinese socialism

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Actually, I do socialism. The if it can bring

1990, Deng xiaoping resigned all his positions in goverment and army. He was the most powerful man in China, bue he never had been assign as Chairman or Primer. 1997, Deng died.

o not care if it is e only matter is people wealth.

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SEMINAR ATMOSPHERE Guest Reviewers Daniel Sherer, GSAPP/Yale Nina Rappaport, Yale Jessica Morris, Penn Graduate Yiqing Wang, The New School / Assistant to Prof. Nina Khrushcheva Joackim Hackle, NAO Mdeha Yasin Merchant, GSAPP Nora Akawia, Aman Lab Studio X Global Network GSAPP Janette Kim, Urban Landscape Lab GSAPP

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Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies positions urban ideology as a conceptual twin, driver, enabler, of spatial dis-charge

for architecture in contested urban situations. The research-

based seminar conducted at Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University investigates

possible roles of a future designer in practice engaged vis-a-vis emerging aspects of new urban ideologies that affect fields of architecture, urbanism, art and activism.

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies GSAPP, Columbia University 1172 Amsterdam Avenue New York, New York 10027 http://www.arch.columbia.edu/ ISBN 978-1-312-83882-6

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