NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET] ISSN: 2454-7875 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 8, Aug. -2016
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY- A REVIEW MANOJ D. PATIL Department of Electrical Engineering, ADCET, Ashta, Sangli, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT: In this paper, we consider a savvy power infrastructure, where a few supporters share a common energy source. Every supporter is outfitted with an energy consumption controller (ECC) unit as a segment of its perspicacious meter. Every keen meter is associated with the puissance grid as well as withal a correspondence infrastructure, for example, a local area network. Considering the weightiness of energy estimating as a key execute to create proficient interest side administration systems, we propose a novel real time valuing calculation for the future savvy grid. We focus on the associations between the perspicacious meters and the energy supplier through the trading of control messages which contain supporters' energy consumption and the real time value data. To begin with, we logically demonstrate the endorser's inclinations and their energy consumption designs in type of carefully winnowed utility capacities predicated on ideas from microeconomics. Second, we propose an appropriated calculation which consequently deals with the connections among the ECC units at the perspicacious meters and the energy supplier. The calculation finds the ideal energy consumption levels for every endorser of expand the total utility of all supporters in the framework in a reasonable and proficient design. Determinately, we demonstrate that the energy supplier can enhearten some attractive consumption designs among the supporters by means of the proposed constant valuing co operations. Reenactment results confirm that the proposed dispersed calculation can conceivably advantage both endorsers and the energy supplier. KEYWORDS: Smart grid, ECC, Problems with smart grid, etc. INTRODUCTION: The "smart grid" is a term used to depict the fast infrastructure supersession of the electrical wiring framework in the Cumulated States. At the point when the propelled framework is perfectly executed, it will endorse for correspondence highlights over the grids that are not as of now accessible - henceforth the expression "smart"[1]. A "smart grid" is just a progressed electrical circulation framework that has the ability to adjust electrical burdens from different, and
regularly discontinuous, elective energy generation sources. One key part of the "smart grid" is the ability to store electrical energy; this endorses the injuctive approval from shoppers to be met [2]. The smart Grid is: Versatile, with less dependence on administrators, completely in reacting quickly to transmuting conditions, Prescient, as far as applying operational information to hardware upkeep rehearses and notwithstanding distinguishing potential blackouts up to they happen, Incorporated, as far as credible time correspondences and control capacities, Intelligent amongst clients and markets, Improved to boost reliability, availability, efficiency and financial execution Secure from assault and actually happening interruptions [3]. Today's power frameworks are intended to brace sizably voluminous generation plants that oblige faraway purchasers by means of a transmission and dispersion framework that is basically one-way. In any case, the grid without bounds will imperatively be a two-way framework where power caused by a large number of minor, conveyed sources—in reconciliation to hugely monster plants—streams over a grid predicated on a network as opposed to a hierarchical structure [4]. In The Fig.1 Underneath, The Graph delineates this movement. In the principal, we outwardly see today's hierarchical power framework, which looks much likened to an authoritative outline with the massively gigantic engenderer at the top and customers at the base. The second graph demonstrates a network structure normal for the plenarily acknowledged smart grid.
Fig. 1. Basics of smart grid system The smart grid can be conceptualized as a broad digital physical framework that strengthens and
5|Page
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET] ISSN: 2454-7875 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 8, Aug. -2016 fundamentally improves Controllability and the sky is the limit from there. It benefits lessen capital responsiveness of very appropriated assets and speculation by showing how to better use subsisting resources inside electric power frameworks. Renewable resources, by empowering top shaving by means of generation will make an inexorably noteworthy demand replication (DR), and by revising network commitment to electric energy engenderment into reliability. what's to come. Coordination of these exceedingly 3. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) variable, broadly appropriated assets will call for early innovation is completely intended for the utility business ways to deal with power framework operation and to model, plan, and deal with their basic infrastructure. control. Moreover, beginning sorts of burdens, for By coordinating utility data and geographical maps, GIS example, module electric conveyances and their related gives a graphical perspective of the infrastructure that conveyance-to-grid potential, will offer difficulties and braces cost lessening through streamlined arranging. open doors [5]. The EU's smart Grids innovation stage 4. OUTAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS abridges the advantages of smart grids as takes after. (OMSS)speed outage determination so power is They: recovered all the more quickly and outage expenses are contained. ii. Intelligent electronics devices (IEDs) are Better encourage the association and operation of advanced, application-empowered contraptions engenderers of all sizes and innovations. introduced in the field that procedure, figure, and Endorse purchasers to play a segment in transmit germane information to a higher bore. IEDs can streamlining the operation of the framework. store up data from both the network and purchasers' Furnish purchasers with more dominant data and offices (abaft the meter) and endorse network alternatives for winnow of supply. reconfiguration either locally or on order from the Fundamentally lessen the ecological effect of the control focuses. entire power supply framework. 5. WIDE-AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Keep up or even improve the subsisting high bores (WAMS)give exact, synchronized evaluations from of framework reliability, quality and security crosswise over sizably voluminous-scale power grids. Supply and Keep up and enhance the subsisting WAMS comprise of phasor measurement units (PMUs) housing effectively and Foster business sector that give exact, time-stamped data, together with phasor reconciliation. data concentrators that total the data and perform occasion recording. SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION: 6. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Smart grid ideas envelop a wide scope of (EMSS)at client premises can control consumption, on innovations and applications. We portray a couple location generation and capacity, and conceivably beneath that are as of now practically speaking with the electric transport charging. EMSs are in use today in proviso that, at this early stage in the improvement of sizably voluminous mechanical and business offices and perspicacious grids, the part of control, particularly will probably be extensively received with the rollout of advanced control, is hindered [6]: smart grids. Perspicacious grid executions are happening 1. ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE quickly, with various undertakings under path around (AMI)is a dream for two-way meter/utility the globe. Ventures, for example, Elektra's "distribution correspondence. Two principal components of AMI have management system" improve nature of settlement by been actualized. To start with, automatic meter reading actualizing cutting edge inventions to oversee and (AMR) systems give an underlying stride toward control information (SCADA), DMS to arrange and bringing down the expenses of data storing up through upgrade distribution system operations, and Curve usage of credible time metering information. Second, FM/Responder to correct outage replication times [7]. meter data management (MDM) gives a solitary purpose of reconciliation for the extent of meter data. It SMART GRID PROBLEMS: empowers utilizing of that data to computerize business Smart grid power frameworks use forms in credible time and imparting of the data to key computerized innovation to disseminate power. They business and operational applications to revise efficiency are being taken off in the U.S. In spite of the fact that they and bolster basic leadership over the endeavor. are elevated as a convenient to incite energy reserve 2. DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM funds, a few quandaries subsist with this innovation. A (DMS)programming scientifically models the electric portion of the quandaries intrinsically in perspicacious distribution network and soothsays the effect of outages, grid power frameworks incorporates client privacy transmission, generation, voltage/frequency variety, and quandaries, security quandaries, grid volatility and
6|Page
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET] ISSN: 2454-7875 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 8, Aug. -2016 rigidity. Actualizing a perspicacious grid power power usage by 10–15%, and up to 43% of basic crest framework has significant implicative hints for loads. (Source: The Brattle Bunch, SMUD and PNNL.) The individual privacy on the grounds that the grid has the smart Grid vision by and large portrays a puissance staff to control power access. Security specialists trust framework that is more smart, more decentralized and that this innovation may authorize somebody other than versatile, more controllable, and preferable forfended the client to control the puissance supply. A few over today's grid. quandaries clarified as [8]: 1. PRIVACY QUANDARIES: Security specialists REFERENCES: trust that smart grid innovation may empower a few [1] Manoj D. Patil and Rohit G. Ramteke, “L-C Filter Design Implementation and Comparative Study with people to get control of the power supply. Various PWM Techniques for DCMLI,” in IEEE Xplore Correspondence amongst utilities and the meters at Digital Library & International Conference on private homes and organizations expands the shot of Energy Systems and Applications (ICESA-2015), somebody picking up control over the strength supply of 2015, no. Icesa 2015, pp. 347–352. a solitary building or a whole neighborhood. [2] Manoj D. Patil, Mithun Aush, and K. Vadirajacharya, 2. GRID VOLATILITY: smart Grid network has “Grid Tied Solar Inverter at Distribution Level with Power Quality Improvement,” Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., much smartness at its edges; that is, at the entrance vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 8741–8745, 2015. point and at the end utilizer's meter. Yet, the grid has [3] Manoj D. Patil, Mithun Aush, R. H. Madhavi “New deficient smartness in the center, representing the Approaches for Harmonics Reduction in solar exchanging capacities. This absence of coordinated inverters,” Int. J. Adv. Found. Res. Sci. Eng., vol. 1, no. advancement makes the grid a volatile network. Special Issue, Vivruti-2015, pp. 1–7, 2015. Designing assets have been filled power generation and [4] Manoj D. Patil, K. Vadirajacharya “Grid Tied Solar buyer energy consumption, which are the edges of the Using 3-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter at Distribution Level with Power Quality network. In any case, if an unnecessary amount of hubs Improvement,” Int. J. Adv. Found. Res. Sci. Eng., vol. are incorporated to the network in advance of building 2, no. Special Issue, pp. 178–191, 2016. up the product smartness to control it, the conditions [5] Manoj D. Patil, K.Vadirayacharya“A New Solution to will prompt a volatile smart grid. Improve Power Quality of Renewable Energy Sources Smart Grid by Considering Carbon Foot Printing as a CONCLUSION: New Element,” IOSR J. Electr. Electron. Eng. Ver. I, Smart grids are most exhaustive innovation vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 103–111, 2015. [6] Manoj D. Patil, “Power Quality Improvement for amid late years and it has been become quickly as a Energy Saving,” Novat. Publ. Int. J. Innov. Eng. Res. result of its advantages. It has numerous elements and Technol., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 89–94, 2016. the move to a plenarily actualized smart grid brings a [7] Mithun Aush, Manoj D. Patil, K.Vadirajacharya large group of advantages in a frequently harmonious “Performance Analysis of Multilevel Inverter for Grid relationship: Grid administrators will savor a quantum Connected System,” Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., vol. 10, no. alteration in checking and control abilities that will 9, pp. 8762–8764, 2015. [8] Mithun Aush, Manoj D. Patil, K. Vadirajacharya “ thusly empower them to convey a higher gauge of Energy saving through power quality improvement framework reliability even notwithstanding perpetually 123,” Natl. J. Electron. Sci. Syst., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 11– developing interest. Utilities will encounter lower 13, 2014. dissemination misfortunes, conceded capital uses and lessened upkeep costs. Purchasers will acquire dominant control over their energy costs, including causing their own particular puissance, while understanding the advantages of a more dependable grid. The earth will profit by diminishments in crest request, the expansion of renewable power sources, and a relating decrease in outflows of CO2 and in addition toxins, for example, mercury. "Smart grid" empowered dispersion could diminish electrical energy consumption by 5-10%, carbon dioxide outflows by 13-25%, and the expense of strength related perturbances to business by 87%. (Source: The Electric Power Research Foundation). smart grid empowered energy administration frameworks have ended up being ready to diminish
7|Page