2012 THESIS PROGRAM - JOSEPH G. SCARPA
Cover: Caerte vande, Map of the Delaware Bay c.1639
CONTENTS 03 04 - 09 10
MISSION & GOALS PROJECT SITE WEATHER & CLIMATE
14 - 15
BIOGEOGRAPHY & ECOLOGY
16 - 17
ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
18 - 19
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
21-28
PRECEDENT
29- 32
PROGRAM
33
CODE
34
BIBLIOGRAPHY
01
The continual ecological decline of the Delaware Bay Estuary has brought along environment and economic issues. Once an economical prosperous area with a thriving eco-system the mouth of the Maurice River in Southern New Jersey sits as an area affected by an aquatic industry decline as well as the side effect of its up-land watershed. In an effort to bring awareness to these issues I propose designing a building that combines the research & commercial programs surrounding this fragile ecosystem for educational outreach purposes. Major Program activities to include: • Shell and fin-fish research facility - Study of disease and innovation within the estuary ecosystem • Small scale commercial production - Farming on a small commercial level for research & educational purposes • Education / Outreach – The public education through an operational aquaculture facility
MISSION PRIMARY GOALS
Promote sustainability through practice and awareness • Control & improve the impact on local and global ecosystem through practice • Create an environment to house and stimulate education programs. Promote future economic prosperity in the local fishing & shellfish industry • Create a space that stimulates a sustainable fishing industry for the current and future generations. Support the commercial fishing & shellfish culture that surrounds the Bay, primarily focusing on the towns that surround the Maurice River outlet. • Create a functional and aesthetic space that relates to the surrounding community’s rich historical culture. Improve leisure and recreational opportunities for visitors and the surrounding citizens. • Create a place that stimulates activities surrounding the Delaware Bay and wetland ecosystem. Support the current research facilities involved with the restoration & improvement of the Delaware Bay’s ecosystem. • Provide needed support space for local Universities and ongoing state research programs.
03
PROJECT SITE
TO CITY OF MILLVILLE MAURICE RIVER BRIDGE MAURICETOWN Population 168
SAND PLANT
PROJECT SITE DORCHESTER
Historical ship building town Population 283
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
LEESBURG
Population 2,666
RT 347
Major route to Wildwood & Cape May
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
PORT NORRIS
04
Historical oyster industry village Population 283
HEISLERVILLE Population
MATTS LANDING
Recreational & Commercial fishing & shellfish port
SHELL PILE & BIVALVE Historical oyster industry port Population less than 50
TO LOWER DELAWARE BAY ESTURAY
PHILADELPHIA
WETLAND PROTECTION AREAS
MILLVILLE
ATLANTIC DELAWARE BAY
PROJECT SITE
61 - 80% IMPERVIOUS COVERAGE
21 - 40% IMPERVIOUS COVERAGE
EXISTING SITE ISSUES & SOLUTIONS ISSUE: Currently the existing site footprint contains one of the most concentrated impervious coverage directly in contact with designated wetland areas. Combined with the boat repair under its current use, runoff poses a problem to the surrounding area. SOLUTION: Reduce Impervious coverage by restoring percentage of site to native landscape, and control rain water runoff and quality ISSUE: Old unkept metal cladded buildings present an eye sore from the river and surrounding residence. SOLUTION: Determine salvagable buildings and/or material for re-use and demolish unwanted built structures ISSUE: Given the small width of the bordering street (Front) the existing industrial buildings loom over the houses across the street and create a visual barrier. SOLUTION: Maintain a reasonable setback and visualy buffer new construction and maintain specific views to river. ISSUE: Fenced off property currently provides safety and security for the property but creates an unwelcoming barrier, disconnecting the village from river use. SOLUTION: Create access points on site for civic, leisure, & recreational use for surrounding citizens ISSUE: At time of peak industry the property served as a viable econimical support to the towns people, but now as a private entity that employs six people it no longer serves the local village SOLUTION: Create a building & site use that can directly serve the surrounding local poplation, while providing a sustainable economical reason.
05
PROJECT SITE
SITE LOCATION
LAND
13 Front Street Dorchester, NJ 08316 Township of Maurice River Cumberland County Latitude / Longitude - N39.273, W-74.977 Elevation - 10.00’
Block: 72 Lot:1 & Block: 66 Lot:30 Acreage: 6.91ac. Max width: 1,245.00’ Max depth: 363.00’
2
1
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
3
06
4 6 5
1” = 150.00’ 0
50
100
200
1
4
2
5
3
6
07
PROJECT SITE
HYDROLOGY
Maurice River Avg width: 630.00’ High tide depth: 5.25’ Low tide depth: 0.00’ Bottom of river: - 21.75’ Tide intervals: 7 hrs to high, 6 hrs to low
TOPOGRAPHY
Average Elevation 10.00’ - 20.00’ Most of the plotted site graddually slopes toward the river with the lowest at 7.00’ Areas shown hatched indicate areas of greater slope gradation or dainage ditches typically found at the boat ramps and along the road. Vegitaion to the North and South of the property slow water run-off at these points
SOILS
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
Primary Site Northern Portion North Wetlands
08
FodB - Fort Mott Loamy Sand, 0 to 5 percent slope GamB - Galloway Loamy Sand 0 to 5 percent slope PdwAv - Pawcatuck-Transquaking complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, very frequently flooded
WATERSHED
FodB ’
00 10.
GamB
FodB
GamB
FodB
BUILDING IN DECENT CONDITION BUILDING TO BE DEMOLISHED VB ZONE - VILLAGE BUSINESS VC ZONE - VILLAGE CENTER
ADJACENT SITE WETLANDS ON SITE WETLANDS
EXISTING CONDITIONS The initial embodied energy in buildings represents the nonrenewable energy consumed in the acquisition of raw materials, their processing, manufacturing, transportation to site, and construction. This initial embodied energy has two components: 1 3 2 6 4
7
11
10
9
8
5
Direct energy: the energy used to transport building products to the site, and then to construct the building; and Indirect energy: the energy used to acquire, process, and manufacture the building materials, including any transportation related to these activities. The structure of the building alone can account for 24% of the buildings initial emboidied energy. The possible resuse of these meterials located on site could reduse impact on the environment. Benifts of Building Reuse: Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. (USGBC)
EXISTING BUILDINGS
ADJACENT SITE WOODED WETLANDS ADJACENT OPEN LOT
AREA
BUILDING TYPE
1 2 3 4 5
4888 2052 1502 2832 5214
6 7 8 9 10 11
5716 5716 3513 1620 2160 3944
Pre fab. Metal Building 2 story Wood building Metal Building Metal Hangar 2 story Masony & Wood Building Wood with metal siding Wood with metal siding Wood with metal siding Wood with metal siding Wood with metal siding Metal Building
Total building coverage
53,157 sf
09
PROJECT SITE SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT 10
WEATHER & CLIMATE AVG MAX TEMP
JAN. 48.3
FEB. 37.7
MAR. 52.6
APR. 57.4
MAY 73.5
JUNE 79.7
JULY 84.9
AUG. 85.2
SEP. 80.0
OCT. 73.3
NOV. 55.5
DEC. 47.2
AVG. 64.6
AVG MIN TEMP
33.4
24.1
33.6
42.2
51.7
62.6
66.3
67.7
61.3
57.4
40.4
33.0
47.8
AVG AVG TEMP
40.8
30.9
43.1
49.8
62.6
71.1
75.6
76.5
70.7
65.3
48.0
40.1
56.2
AVG PRECIPITATION
3.66
2.83
2.98
3.98
0.93
3.79
1.06
3.92
2.06
5.22
1.77
5.21
37.41
AVG SNOWFALL
1.7
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
9.0
AVG SNOW DEPTH
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
AVG HEATING DEG DAYS
857
750
619
346
141
0
0
0
10
93
504
763
4083
AVG COOLING DEG DAYS
0
0
0
4
65
198
336
365
188
111
0
0
1267
AVG GROWING DEG DAYS
47
0
44
109
396
641
801
830
628
486
45
5
4032
PREVAILING WINDS
WINTER WINDS
W
12-21 WINTER 27.29 deg
06-21 SUMMER 74.16 deg
N
S
E
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
CONTEXT
Leaf: Bayshore discovery, Lines detail of the AJ Meerwald
ENVIRONMENT
INDUSTRY
LIVING
RECREATION
13
BIOGEOGRAPHY & ECOLOGY SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT 14
In New Jersey, Cumberland County ranked fourth in wetland abundance. It’s 98,950 wetland acreage covered slightly less than a third of the county. Estuarine wetland predominanted, representling nearly 60% of the wetland acreage. Almost half of the county’s wetlands was made up of estuarine emergent wetlands, while 41% was palustrine wetland, with deciduous forested wetland most abundant. The project site being located on the lower end of the Maurice River, bordering on the Delaware Bay, is an Estuarine Emergent Wetland – Salt Marsh Cumberland County Estuarine Wetlands Emergent 48,764 ac. Flat 9,283 ac. Other 69 ac. Estuarine Total
58,656 ac.
Generalized distribution of vegitation in New Jersey salt marsh. Note: increased plant diversity along marsh-upland border
Atlantic Sturgeon - endangered species (top)
Simplified food pathways from esturine wetland to commercial and recreational fishes of importance to humans.
FLORA & FAUNA
WILDLIFE
Salt Marshes
Fish & Shellfish Approximately two-thirds of the major U.S. commercial fishes depend on estuaries and salt marshes for nursery or spawning grounds (McHugh 1966). Among the more familiar wetland-dependent fishes are:
Low Marsh Zone Cordgrass Eel grass High Marsh Zone Smoot Cordgrass Salt hay grass Spike grass Black grass Switch grass High-tide bush Black grass Common reed Sea Myrtle Sea lavender Glassworts Marsh orach Salt marsh asters Marsh pinks Sea blites Spikerushes Sea side goldenrod Pools and Tidal creeks Widgeon grass Sea lettuce Other algae Pannes Salt marsh fleabane Saltwort Blue-green algae Other border areas Bayberry Poison ivy Seaside rose Marsh fern Seaside goldenrod Grass leaved goldenrod Foxtail grass Slough grass Canada rush Upland Narrow-leaved cattail Salt marsh bulrush Three-squares Rose mallow
Commercial Menhaden Bluefish Fluke White Perch Sea trout Mullet Croaker Striped bass Drum Forage Fishes Anchovies Killifishes Mummichogs Atlantic Silversides Shell Fish Bay scallop Grass shrimp Blue crab Eastern Oyster Clam Brackish Chain and Grass Pickerels Large and Smallmouth Bass Crappie Bluegills Bullheads Carp Other Commercial Bay Fish Altlantic Herrring Gizzard Shad American Shad Blueback Shad Hickory Shad Alewife Weakfish Black Sea Bass Tautog Spot Scup Northern Searobin Norther Kingfish Atlantic Bonito
Norther Puffer Spanish Makerel Oyster Toadfish Atlantic Makerel Atlanic Cod Smooth Dogfish Spiny Dogfish Sand Tiger Shark Sandbar Shark In addition to providing year-round habitats for resident birds, wetlands are particularly important as breeding grounds, overwintering areas and feeding grounds for migratory waterfowl and numerous other birds. Waterfowl and Other Birds Nesting birds Laughing gulls, Forster’s terns, Sharp tailed sparrows Clapper rails, Black ducks Blue-winged teals Willets Marsh hawks Sea side sparrows
Furbearer Muskrat Reptiles Turtles Painted Spotted Blanding’s Map Pond Musk Snapping
Given the great bio-deversity of the area this list of species are common but not limitted to.
Wading birds Herons Glossy Ibises Egrets Migrating birds Peregrine falcons Shore birds – oystercatchers ringed plovers, knots Migrating Waterfowl Black duck Snow geese Scaup Atlantic Brant Canada Geese Mallards Pintails Canvasbacks
Maurice River view south from Maurice River Bridge (top) Nesting Osprey (Bottom)
15
ARCHITECTURL CONTEXT
INDUSTRIAL - SHIPYARD
INSTITUTIONAL - CHURCH
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
The Architectural context of the surrounding buildings in the area has adapted to the local harsh environment, historical aesthetics, and the commercialism needs.
16
Most of the residential buildings are a collection of Colonial, Victorian, and Modern day Ranchers. Institutional buildings have a tendency to be structurally up to date with a modern aesthetic as found in the local municipal building & fire hall. The exception to this would be the historical churches, one being located near the project site as shown above. The town lacks any major commercial entities, giving the area a low vehicular impact. Commercial development is concentrated to the nearby route 47 & 347. Along with a few private boat yards the project site are the only industrial zoned areas. Historically located directly on the river most buildings were constructed as boat houses or boat sheds. The typical form of the boat shed is simple in geometry. It is comprised of a very linear shape, approximately 2 stories in height allowing large boats to be kept, maintained, and repaired. The buildings have a simple gabled-end double-sloped roof, providing ease for construction and repair. They typically have two major tall hinged doors to allow boat access; one on the non-river side for site access and another on the river side for direct access to launching and loading. While the shape is purely functional the buildings aesthetic has a predominant presence along the shoreline. Almost all Historical ship building, commercial fishing, and mercantile buildings on the river have taken this shape. Most historical buildings that have evaded demolition have remained the same or have been added to with a single sloped roof building.
FRONT STREET WEST SIDE
RESIDENTIAL COLONIAL
SHIP-YARD BUILDING GEOMETERY GABLE END ROOF
LARGE DOORS FOR BOAT ACCESS
WATER-WAY
Present day construction methods utilize deep foundation friction piles, built either of wood or metal construction. In some cases where buildings are used for processing food masonry construction is utilized. Given the salt water / air environment steel construction is not advised but, due to costs and quick erection it is seen in building during the WWII shipbuilding boom era. The wood constructed buildings being post and beam or timber framed, if properly maintained, remained the aesthetically pleasing industrial buildings of the area. Envelopes are primarily either metal or wood siding, both of which require constant maintenance and repair. On the river side it is mostly wetland vegetation with the occasional ship yard or boat access ramp. At areas of human river engagement boats, fishing docks, and levies are present. Since the river winds substantially there are great visual breaks between boat-docks, with the exception of the dense industrial area located at the mouth of the river.
SHIP YARD COMMERCIAL BUILDING
MEADOW ST.
FRONT STREET WEST SIDE 17
HISTORICAL CONTEXT SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT 18
Ship building yard in Leesburg (top right) East Point Light House in Heislerville (middle) Oyster shucking shacks in Bivalve (bottom right) Barbershop in Bivalve (below) AJ Meerwald Deck Plan (Watermark)
Oyster schooners under sail at Bivalve & Shell Pile port at peak of industry (top right) Men with Baskets of oysters at Bivalve (bottom)
Originally named Wahatquenak by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans, the Maurice River derived its name from a legend of the Prince Maurice, a 17th century Dutch ship reputed to have sunk in its waters in 1657. The land was surveyed by John Worledge and Thomas Budd, and it was then that the village of Dorchester was laid out. Just north of the project site, Port Elizabeth was established as a port of delivery by an Act of Congress in 1789. It primarily traded with the West Indies prior to Philadelphia’s and New York’s involvement in the 1830’s. Villages to the South such as Heislerville, Port Norris, Shell Pile, and Bivalve sprung up from the multi-million dollar oyster industry. After 1876 the Railroad had come to the Maurice River and the oyster industry had substantial grown. Ten Years later 80 train cars a day left Port Norris for production. At the height of this industry more than 500 vessel and 4000 people were employed in commercial oystering. Other occupations would include processing, shipping, blacksmithing, and other industries dependent on the eastern oyster Shipbuilding had always been the principal industry of Dorchester. The project site was historically one of the earliest shipbuilding sites of the area. Previously the shipyard was owned by Mr. Charles H. Stowman which was later passed onto his son. It was here that the oyster schooner, currently the New Jersey’s tall ship, the AJ Meerwald was built in 1928. Between 1921 and 1931 the yard primary built oyster schooners to service the abundant shellfish industry of the time, but Later during WWII it would be used to construct government vessels for the war. It was during this time that the surrounding area would experience its second peak in industry and economy since the eastern oyster. In 1957 the Delaware Bay oyster industry had collapsed. This was primarily due to and environmental disease called MSX (multinucleated sphere unknown). Oysters growing in the Delaware Bay natural beds north of the mouth of the Maurice River grew in low salinity waters, but tended to grow slowly. During the oyster industry seeds were planted south of the mouth in high salinity water allowing them to grow faster and therefore for productive. MSX with an incredibly high mortality rate survived well in high salinity waters and had killed 90%-95% of the oyster in the planted beds during 1957. Natural beds affected by MSX had decreased by 50% killing the industry along with it. This destruction of the economy left the area mainly abandoned as in a boom and bust condition. Today the area holds a low population and serves as a recreational area for fishermen, hunters, bird watchers, boaters, and hikers. The area additionally serves a small few commercial fisherman and shellfish dredgers and crabbers for market. Most of the cultural history has been declining with the exception of a few local groups retaining, documenting, and voicing the history of the area. Since the decline in industry environmental problems had followed as well. With this a number of actions had taken place to preserve the local environment. In December of 1993 President Clinton had signed a legislation approving the inclusion of the Maurice River in the Wild and Scenic program. Programs created by local supporters, Rutgers University, and the State have slowly been successfully improving the local oyster production. In studying the genetics of the shellfish on the natural beds, scientists were able to create an oyster resistant to the disease. Productions of these oysters are limited to the southern controlled seeded beds and indoor aquaculture faculties.
19
PRECEDENT
Leaf: Leonardo Da Vinci, Drawing of Water Lifting Devices c. 1481 FOCAL POINT
YARD
LABORATORIES AT EXTERIOR AND BELOW GRADE ENTRY
SERVES SPACES
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
OPEN YARD
San Diego, USA ARCH: Louis I Kahn
Louis Kahn’s Salk institute is one of the greatest exteriors in the history of architecture. The building, built in 1959, was constructed to serve as a laboratory for Jonas Salk. Located just north of La Jolla, California it was sited in the hills along rocky coast on the Pacific Ocean. The site is comprised of two flanking laboratory building encompassing an open concrete yard. Within the center of the yard is a linear fountain waterway that “is lost into nowhere or, to be more precise, in the dramatic nature of the point where the sky meets the ocean” (Gast). The laboratory wing’s height are proportioned slighting lower than the width of the courtyard to give a sense of open space, but maintains a connection to the building itself. Contemplation or thinking spaces occupy the inner portion of the court, while the laboratory and “service spaces” are to the exterior and sub-level areas. The contemplation rooms a positioned on angles to make best use of the views towards the ocean and natural light. The laboratory and subterranean levels are provided with light shafts and movable dividing wall for the flexible demands of the users. The precast concrete and wooden façade add to the play of light as the movement of the sun changes the hue of the space throughout the day.
LABORATORY (SPACES SERVED)
LAB ADMIN.
OCEAN VIEW
While the building serves primarily as a laboratory it is its exterior yard that is most celebrated. The space allows for relaxation, contemplation, and entertainment for visitors and planned events.
23
CASE STUDY
EXTERIOR AQUARIUM LOW PROFILE SHAPE
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
BELOW WATER LEVEL
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
LOWER LEVEL
GROUND LEVEL
Muritzeum Cultural Museum Waren (Muritz), Germany ARCH: Wingardh Arkitektkontor
The Muritzeum occupies 3,137 sqm sited on the 117skm Lake Muritz. Centered in the town of Waren this freshwater aquarium serves as a visitor center for welcoming travelers to their historic town. The building is a circular shape made up from two different cone shapes with multiple horizontal linear slits making up pathways and the main façade. The building is two stories, a sub-level, and roof terrace. Programmatically it contains a freshwater aquarium, multimedia exhibits, a restaurant, & shops. The Muritzeum has a number of features that make it realevant to the project. It main feature is how it was incorporated into the built fabric of the surrounding town. Located around numerous residential buildings it remains as an unobstructed and unimposing object. Its round shape and low profile allows it to blend into the landscape. Situated on the Muritz Lake, the building provides views into the landscape that are separated from the urban context. Its sub-level viewing area adds to the positive connection with a partially submerged exterior aquarium. This feature provides a strong connection between the viewers and the natural environment. The shape and materials of the building add its surrounding context as well. The inverted tapering cone shapes give an appearance of a ship’s haul. The exterior surfaces are carbonized timbers with a blackish brown finish giving the building a historical appearance.
MUSEUM VIEW
ENTRY PLAZA
SURROUNDING BUILT ENVIRONMENT
24 SITE PLAN
The Bivalve Laboratory Bivalve, NJ Rutgers University
One of the three facilities established by Rutgers University the laboratory is located at the mouth of the Maurice River just south of the proposed site in Port Norris, NJ. The 19,000 sf. facility specializes primarily in genetic research of the eastern oyster and other shellfish developing in their natural habitat with in the Delaware Bay. The facility has multiple laboratories, a wet lab, and cold storage rooms. Additional functions include a 7 room dormitory, library, and administration offices. Being closely located to the present commercial shellfish industry it allows the facility to work directly with operations. It location also provides direct access to the Delaware Bay and the natural bedding areas. The building has slowly grown over the years to meet the laboratory’s needs; because of this the building is a mismatched collection of additions with no discernible order. The colors in the sketch depict the multiple additions over the years, the yellow, linear lab-offices being the most recent, connect the two buildings. The building was designed as multiple shed or saltbox shapes that would typically be good for solar exposure and prominent winds, although it does not take advantage of these environmental fundamentals given their current order. Furthermore; while the location on the river gives them prime access, it also opens them up to extreme unpredictable weather conditions that is typically expected throughout this area of the Delaware Bay. The building is constantly in need of repair and requires a new roof. In an interview, when asked if given the opportunity to relocate the building scientist Kathy Alcox indicated that given their proximity to the commercial industry, and lack of funding, it would be unlikely. Even though the building has a poor organizational layout and it is located far from any major roads, it is a good example of a marine biology laboratory and will be utilized to program the laboratory support portion of the project. The location of the chosen project site will provide a close connection to this existing laboratory, while maintaining a visual presence to distant travelers. The proposed site will also serve as a connection to regional communities currently lacking at this facility.
25
CASE STUDY
Cape Shore Laboratory Green Creek, NJ
Rutgers second southward facility is located on the shore of the Lower Delaware Bay. Smaller in size, approximately 6,000sf, these two story buildings contains a large lecture room, open office, and two open wet laboratories. The field laboratory uses its proximity to its privately owned 7 acre intertidal flats to grow its shell fish progeny groups. It generates shellfish brood stock that are resistant to the MSX Dermo and JOD that had destroyed the eastern oyster. Programmatically the building utilizes its meeting rooms and flexible open offices to serve the facility and it’s supporting organization’s needs. In addition; the facility’s large 6,000 gal salt water holding tank allows them to study and cultivate high salinity species.
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
Also remotely located this facility in Green Creek is at the end of a mile long dirt road behind a trailer park, eliminating any connection to the surrounding area. Additionally; while its location on the Delaware flats provide easy access to the oyster cages it prevent any large boat access to the site, and no access at low tide.
26
Aquaculture Innovation Center (AIC) Cape May, NJ. Rutgers University
The third of the Rutgers University marine labs is located directly on the Cape May Canal. This large 22,000 sf. Metal building houses an enclosed commercial aquaculture facility for shell and finfish. The building serves as a great example of functional organization and specific technical equipment for spawning and raising shellfish for production and market sale. Its twin saline system provides salt water to the building, which is then UV-filtered and brought to a controlled temperature. It is then supplied through-out the building along with compressed air for production use. The facility first uses the disease resistant oysters engineered from the Northern Cape Shore Lab. The adult oysters are them kept at certain temperatures allowing the plant to control the oysters spawning times. When produced the micro-sized shellfish are sent to large holding nursery tanks where they are fed filtered salt water and on-site grown algae. When proper size is reached they are then relocated to linear growing tanks for metamorphosis into the hard shelled organism. Then when stable, they are again relocated to larger tanks for their final growth in pure unfiltered salt water. The facility was also outfitted for finfish production and study, but the only two tanks producing during my visit were bait fish. While predominately focusing on the eastern oyster, Rutgers is currently outfitting a room with large circular water flumes to study larger finfish in motion. The building serves as a fine example of technical equipment directly linked to the movement and use of salt water. The buildings functional layout provides an easy understanding of the inner workings of the process.
27
CASE STUDY SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT 28
ADDITIONAL CASE STUDIES Mora River Aquarium
Loc: Mora, Alentojo, Portugal ARCH: Promontorio Architecture
Philip Merrill Environmental Center Loc: Annapolis, Maryland ARCH: Smith Group Inc.
Morris Arboretum Horticulture Center Loc: Philadelphia, PA. ARCH: Overland Partners/Architects
PROGRAM
PROGRAM SPACE
1 2 3 4
ADMISTRATION
Lobby Reception Offices Meeting room File / Copy room Lavatories
AREA SF NOTES
560 192 4 at 100 168 100 2 at 36
Sub-total Occupants
5 6 7 8 9
Wet laboratory
1000 128 100 2 at 250 4 at 160 6 at 100 120 2 at 36
Sub-total Occupants
10 11 12
EDUCATION PUBLIC Interactive Museum Activity space Aquarium Lavatories Support space
Major core space must be on ground level Southern exposure Light & sound controlled 1 desk 2 chairs
14 15 16 17 18
Sub-total Occupants
24
500 1200 3600 2 at 150 400
Brood stock Tanks Nursery Growth Tanks Administration office Lavatory
100 400 400 192 36
Sub-total Occupants
1128 2
Light & temperature controlled Light & temperature controlled Light & temperature controlled
FACILITIES AND OPERATION Mechanical room Electrical room Data room Janitor room Storage Maintenance Saltwater Storage Tank
400 100 100 400 168 168 22,000 gal
Sub-total Occupants
1336 sf 2
SITE PROGRAM 25
6000 sf 00
6 at 196 2 at 100 396 64 2 at 200 2 at 224 748
COMMERCIAL
AREA SF NOTES
TOTAL AREA TOTAL OCCUPANCY
26
EDUCATION PRIVATE 13
23
3160 sf 18
Sub-total Occupants
Dormitory Sleeping Long term Sleeping Gathering area Kitchen Lavatories Classrooms Library / Study
19 20 21 22
1492 sf 8
RESEARCH
Cold rooms Algea grow room Laboratories Large Laboratories Small Offices Storage Lavatories
gather & sitting space 4 chairs could be open office 12 chairs table
SPACE
BOAT DOCKS (docks must accommodate boats) AJ Meerwald Historical Schooner Research Skift Commercial Privateer Recreational Dock Parking Truck Dock
85ft 14ft 24ft Flexible
8’x19’ Spaces
private bathroom non-commercial changing & showers flexible space flexible space
3432 sf 14
31
PROGRAM
FRONT STREET
ENTRY YARD
11 10 2
1
3
LOBBY NODE
12
4
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
9
32
LIBRARY NODE
LABORATORY NODE WET LAB NODE
21
20
SECURITY TYP.
8 23
17 18
6
19
22
17
OPEN YARD
5
14
7
15
24 16 25
26
RIVER
13
CODE REVIEW Township of Maurice river Chapter XXXV Land development regulations Article 35-5 Zoning districts and zoning maps Zone: VLI Village light industrial Conditional Use: 1) Educational, Cultural, Historic facility, or Museum Adj Zone: VC Village center district & VB Village business Current Use - F-1 Factory Industrial (Moderate Hazard) Ship Yard Change of Use - B Business (Laboratories) / A-3 Assembly (Museum) Area Lot Width Front Yard Side Yard Rear Yard Bldg. Ht. Lot Coverage
REQ’D. 2 ac. 250.00’ 40 ft. max 30 ft. max 40 ft. max 35 ft. max 50% max
Proposed 6.9 ac. 1,245.00’
National Codes IBC International Building Code 2009, NJ Edition ICC / ANSI - A-117-2003 National Standard Plumbing Code 2009 National Electrical Code 2008 ASHRAE 90.1 2007 International Energy Conservation Code 2006 NJ Edition State Codes NJ Rehabilitation Subcode CAFRA Costal Area Review Act NJDEP Department of Environmental Protection Division of Land Use Regulation NJ Natural Resources Conservation Program (Soils & Erosion) Cumberland-Salem District Local Codes Township of Maurice river Chapter XXXV Land development regulations
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Alcox, Kathy. Interviewed by Joseph Scarpa. Port Norris, NJ. 18 June 2012 Buisness Information Group. “Measures of Sustainability, Embodied Energy” Canadian Architect. 2012. Web 9 Sept. 2012 <http://www.canadianarchitect.com/asf/perspectives_sustainibility/measures_of_sustainablity/measures_of_sustainablity_embodied.htm> Cherry, Edith. “Programming for design, from theory to practice.” New York: John Wiley & Sons inc. 1999. Print Citizens United. “About the Maurice River” cumauriceriver.org. 2012. Web 14 Sept. 2012 <http://www.cumauriceriver.org/pages/maurice.html> DeBrosse, Greg. Interviewed by Joseph Scarpa. Green Creek, NJ. 18 June 2012 Gast, Klaus-Peter. Louis I Kahn Complete Works. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt GmbH, Stuttgart Munchen, 2001. Print Hardwick, Susan Wiley, Shelly, Fred M., and Holtgrieve, Donald G. “The Geography of North America, Environment, political economy, and culture.”Upper Saddel River, NJ: Pearson Education. 2008. Print “History of Salk.” Salk Institute for Biological Studies. 2012 Web . 2 Sep 2012 <http://www.salk.edu/about/history.html> Jones, Dave. Interviewed by Joseph Scarpa. Green Creek, NJ. 18 June 2012
SHELL & FINFISH AQUACULTURE CENTER
DELAWARE BAY RESEARCH & DISCOVERY PROJECT
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“Muritseum Das NaturErlebinsZentrum in Waren (Muritz).” Muritzeum. Web. 2 Sep 2012 <http://www.mueritzeum.de/en> NJ DEP. “GIS bureau of geographic information systems, i-MapNJ DEP” State of NJ. 2012 Web 14 Sept. 2012 Owens, Robert d. “Delaware Esturary, Oyster Industry” The Franklin Institute. 1998. Web 14 Sept. 2012 <http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow7/dec98/delaware.html> Reed, Bill, 7 Group. “The Integrative Design Guide to Green Building, Redefining the practice of Sustainability” Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons inc. 2009. Print Saieh , Nico. “Muritzeum / Wingard.” Archdaily. 19 Nov. 2008. Web. 2 Sep. 2012 <http://www.archdaily.com/8927> The Natural Resources Conservation Service. “Soil Survey of Cumberland County,New Jersey” 2004. Web 11 Sept. 2012 <http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/manuscripts/NJ011/0/NJCumberland6_08.pdf> U.S. Green Building Council. “LEED Green Buildings Rating System for New Construction and Major Renovations” USGBC. 2011. Web 9 Sept 2012 < http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage. aspx?CategoryID=19> Webmaster@hsrl.rutgers.edu. “Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Facitilies” Rutgers. The State U of NJ. 4 Sept. 2009. Web. 24 June 2012 <http:hsrl.rutgers.edu/index.html>