BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II
Project 1: Skeletal Construction | Temporary Bus Shelter
Benjamin Tan Zi Hern 0324857 Cheok Jian Shuang 0320089 Chong Jia Yi 0320869 Chong Kit Yee 0319748 Chong Xin Dean 0325353 Lee Wan Xuan 0325273
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Design Inspiration and Concept Precedent Study Load and forces distribution Weather resistant and temporality Access Load test analysis Component Materiality Joint and connection Process Final design Conclusion Reference
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
DESIGN CONCEPT AND INSPIRATION 01
I NTRODUCTION DEFORMED DOUBLE PITCH ROOF
The design of the bus shelter is inspired posture of flying bird. Therefore, dynamic form was derive from the motion of the wing of bird which extended outward. The design of the bus shelter consists of 2 basic geometry forms, which is tetrahedrons and cuboid. The two tetrahedrons attach together to form the roof while the cuboid form the space beneath the roof.
The roof is designed to shade both part of the bus shelter, as the seats is provided in 2 direction to accommodate more peoples. Double pitch roof allow shading from different direction while not obstructing the wind flow. Moreover, it increase the rate of rainwater discharge.
Posture of a flying bird 01
Refined idea based on practicality 03
First idea sketch 02
Basic form of the bus shelter 04
PRECEDENT STUDY 02
FOREST SHELTER at Betrichamp
Unobstructed structures which provide good ventilation, natural lighting and huge activity spaces. High accessibility, can be entered through all directions.
Roof is designed to enhance the airflow within the spaces of bus shelter. Large overhangs shade the shelter but letting natural lights in at the same time.
BUS SHELTER at Emsdetten
LOAD AND FORCES DISTRIBUTION 03
There are 3 columns align in a row serve as main support of the bus shelter, which connected to the pad footing. Rafters and strut were added to transfer the load to the main support. Tensile strength were reinforced by adding bracing between structure. plan view
elevation
WEATHER RESISTANT AND TEMPORALITY 04 The materials and type of construction used are able to prevent the structure from being deformed by lateral forces such as winds and earthquake. The structure of the roof is designed to prevent the rainwater from flowing into the shelter, the material of the roof itself is also waterproofing so that the water will not leak through the roof into the shelter. The structure is designed to last for an approximate lifespan of 5 years, making its presence temporary.
ACCESS 05
The main concern in designing the bus shelter is its accessibility. The bus shelter is designed to be highly accessible as users are able to approach and enter the shelter in all directions without any means of obstruction.
LOAD TEST ANALYSIS 06 01 ROOF
Deformed double pitched roof prevents the accumulation of rainwater on itself. Roofing struts are able to withstand the lateral load from rain and wind.
02 SEAT
Beam and floor struts underneath the seat are able to withstand load and transfer it to the columns.
COMPONENTS 07
polycarbonate roofing roofing rafters timber roofing struts
polycarbonate ridge cap
skeletal structural column timber seatings
timber floor struts
timber bearer
structural stump timber beam
timber decking floor timber floor joists
concrete pad footing
EXPLODED PERSPECTIVE
MATERIALITY 08
FLOORING 50*100*4000 Timber bearer
ROOFING 10 mm transparent polycarbonate roofing sheet 50mm timber common rafter
SEAT 200*200*2800 Timber skeletal structure column 35* 100 *4000 Timber bench joist
50*350 Timber ridge Beam
30mm Timber plywood bench trellises
50mm timber roofing strut
35mm Timber bench strut
50*100*2000 Timber floor joist 30mm Timber plywood decking floor 300*300*50 Stump infilled with concrete
HARDWARE Screw Nails Corner Bracket Gusset Plate
JOINTS AND CONNECTION 09 L-BRACKET (8 HOLES) COPPER SCREW column to pad footing roofing
IRON SCREW struts to main column
L-BRACKET (4 HOLES) roof connection to main column seat beam to column
COPPER NAIL floor joists floor finishing seat joists seat finishing roof connection to column
PROCESS 10 FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
01
02
05
04
07
03
08
06
09
01 Building up floor joist and bearer
02 Cutting flooring finishing
03 Arranging floor finishing
04 Nailing floor finishing to the floor joists and bearer
05 Cutting openings for the placing of stumps
06 Mixing cement and aggregate to create the pad footing
08 Screwing the metal bracket to the column
09 Inserting the columns to the wet pad footing
07 Drilling on the columns to attach the columns to the pad footing
PROCESS 10 SEAT CONSTRUCTION
01
02
04
07
01 Attaching seat joists to the beam
02 Marking points to indicate the position of nails
03 Nailing the joists to the beam
04 Positioning the completed structure on the columns
05 Attaching the seat finishing to the structure
06 Placing the finished seat on the columns
07 Addition of beam underneath the seat to stabilize it
08 Addition of the struts on both side of the main column
03
05
06
08
PROCESS 10 ROOF CONSTRUCTION 01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
Drilling Trimming Positioning Addition of rafters to holes on the the end of the rafters the roof rafter for rafters to on the roof better the structure nailing accurate effect angle to be assembled
01
05
02
06
04
03
07
08
Nailing the Nailing the Attaching Addition of roof to the roof to the the roof to roofing completed the main struts to columns roof column stabilize the using metal roof and structure brackets ridge caps to prevent water from flowing into the interior
FINAL DESIGN 11
ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:25
FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:25
FINAL DESIGN 11
ELEVATION SCALE 1:25
ELEVATION SCALE 1:25
FINAL DESIGN 11
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
C ONCLUSION In this project, we had faced challenges especially during creating joineries which involve multiples connection. The problems were finally resolved after everyone in the group work together looking for solution through research. After this project, we had learnt about: 01 Apply the knowledge of skeletal construction and its joints to actual construction and design 02 Analyzing the issues of strength, stiffness and stability of structure including modes of structural systems, forces, stress and strain and also law of static. 03 Understanding of appreciate materials to suit the function of shelter.
REFERENCES`
01 How to Build a Wood Deck. Life of an Architect, n.d Web. 15 September 2016 02 “Shelter Design.� Metro Transit, n.d Web. 19 September 2016 03 Support and Connection Types, Architectonics, n.d. Web. 19 September 2016 04 Ching, Francis D.K. 1991, Building Construction illustrated, New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold 05 Simmon, H. Leslie, 2001. Construction : Principles, Materials and Method. 7th Edition. New York. 06 John Chudley, R. 2006, Construction Technology, 4th edition. Pearson and Prentice Hall.