Architecture Portfolio: A collection of selected works produced during my Masters of Architecture study (2018 - 2020).
BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON Sixth Year
The title is a play on the Situationist International (SI) phrase:
“Beneath the Pavement, the Beach� which encompassed their aspiration to expose those underlying elements, absent of capitalist forces, of which our cities are literally built upon and how these are the details which hold the value of the space. From early in my research, I believed this notion rang true through the city of Venice and is demonstrated by the nature of tourism throughout the city. The ecosystem of the Venetian lagoon is a complex network of interdependent relationships. For an intervention to be successful, it cannot target a single component without considering the effects reverberated throughout the rest of the system. This thesis aims to reverse the salt marsh depletion by attenuation of the wave force generated in the lagoon by cruise ships. A new proposed port terminal within a wave attenuating barrier and artificial reef forces passengers to follow an analogue of the attenuation process as they travel through the terminal. This experiential journey is intended to confront the cruisers of the ecological consequences of their actions.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
The Commune of Venice
The Lagoon The unique environment of Venice that attracts 30 million tourists annually is due to the symbiotic relationship that occurs between land and water. It’s complete isolation from surrounding cities due to the lagoon and the intertwining and weaving of paths and canals within the city is the spectacle that visitors come to admire above all else.
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As the popularity of tourism in Venice continues to sustain, the health of the lagoon’s ecology is on the receiving end of the harm the tourists bring. It is this irony that the facet that draws visitors to the city is the element that is exploited and damaged that this thesis is built upon.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
VENICE
Sile Brenta Bacchiglione
Piave
14th Century
16th Century
18th Century
Rivers Redirected rivers Digging of channels Dredged areas
20th Century 6
CHANGES IN THE LAGOON MORPHOLOGY Since human habitation begun in Venice, in the 14th century, there has been a gradual decline of the wetlands. In the last century alone, the area of Venetian wetlands have decreased from 120 square km to only 40. This becomes alarming considering the biodiversity of the area increases. The morphology is made up of a large network of channels, shallows, mud flats, salt marshes, and islands. It is susceptible to mutability due to changes in any of those elements. Throughout history, up until the city of Venice was built, the activity of the rivers connected were set to turn the whole lagoon into a marshland.
As a result of these interventions and other anthropogenic activities causing subsidence and eustatic rise, the geography of the lagoon which was growing towards a great marshland has seen a complete reversal transforming it into an environment which much closer resembles the sea.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
In the 14th century, the lagoon was directly connected to the 4 main rivers; the Bacchiglione, Brenta, Sile and Piave. These rivers transported sediment in the water and deposited them into the lagoon resulting in the growth of wetlands. Although at the time, the lagoon surrounding Venice acted as a deterrence from invasions and so the people valued the water more than the wetlands.
THE DEPLETION OF THE SALT MARSHES Salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides. The tide will carry nutrients to stimulate plant growth in the marsh and take away organic material to feed fish and other organisms. The plants are salt tolerant and adapt to the fluctuating water levels. The barene is a key tidal land form of the Venice lagoon and are considered very important across Europe due to their aerial extent, high productivity, and habitat value (Oscar Ravera, 2000). They are one of the most biologically productive habitats on earth rivalling tropical rainforests (Sivaperuman et al., 2018) and with over 60 species of birds the salt marshes have been declared an Important Bird Area (The nature Reserves, 2020). A key feature of the salt marsh is its adaptable and constant evolving morphology as a result of dynamic interactions between erosion and sedimentation processes. I discovered in my research that in the last century, the wave energy in the lagoon has been too high that erosion has overshadowed any sedimentation resulting in a decline in the area the barene covers as shown in the diagrams below.
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1987
Lagoon
Salt Marsh
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
1901
ORIGINAL CRUISE SHIP ROUTE: 12km (24 p/trip) 42 minutes (84 p/trip) CURRENT CRUISE SHIP ROUTE: 20km (40 p/trip) 72 minutes (144 p/trip)
ADDITIONAL ANNUAL INCREASE: 9,600km 600 hours
1:2000 0km 10
2.5km
CRUISE SHIPS It is of no surprise that the current levels of tourism are causing major stress on the city but recognising that 1.5 of the 30 million annual tourists are arriving in the city via cruise ships raises significant concern for the ecology of the lagoon. These 1.5 million tourists are brought to Venice by the 600 annual cruise ships visiting, averaging just over 1.5 ships per day. The influx of these cruise ships are strengthening the wave energy in the lagoon leading to the deepening of the channels the ship routes occupy shown in the map. 1 AVERAGE CRUISE SHIP SULPHUR OXIDE EQUIVALENT TO 376,000,000 CARS PARTICLE EMISSIONS EQUIVALENT TO 1,050,000 CARS NITROGEN OXIDE EQUIVALENT TO 421,156 CARS CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT TO 83,678 CARS
Due to the change in legislation, cruise ships have now been diverted along the MMC channel increasing the distance and time these ships will be sailing in the lagoon just to reach the same location. Over the course of a year the additional increase in distance travelled will equate to 9,600km and the time extended to 600 hours.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
2,500 PASSENGERS
LAGOON BATHYMETRY
As the depth of the lagoon increases, this allows the wave force to increase due to the lack of friction acting upon it. This deepening of the channels, and consequently the lagoon, was the fundamental cause of the excessive erosion of the marshes. It became apparent throughout my study that in order to ameliorate the effects of this intense boat activity in the lagoon a method of wave attenuation was required. Attenuation can assure that the salt marshes are able to accrete sediment at a rate greater than they are eroded.
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WAVE ATTENUATION
Steel pile
Pre-cast concrete layer
To combat the deepening of the lagoon, the intervention must dampen the wave force to minimise erosion while allowing a free flow of water to transport sediment to the salt marshes. This was when my research led me to the wave attenuating barrier, the Reefmaker. The structure provides the stability and strength of a permanent barrier while also allowing the flow of movement through its porous build-up. Steel piles are placed into the bed of the water to map the lines the barrier will be located. Then the pre-cast concrete layers will be stacked upon one another with the top layer sitting slightly above water to account for marginal rises in water level. Limestone rocks are cast into the concrete and exposed allowing for the barrier to develop into an artificial reef over time.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
Limestone rocks
EXPERIENTIAL STAGES
“Experiences - not facts or data - are more likely to challenge and change our behaviour, Hard facts are important but what matters most, in terms of effecting change, is what moves us on a personal level.�
Wave attenuation is not enough to affect real change, it may even encourage and justify further exploitation of the lagoon due to the positive effects that entail. I decided that to make a real change I had to target the root of the problem; the cruise ships and more importantly its passengers.
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THE TRAVERSE
THE APPROACH
-The funnelling and increase in density of input towards the core
-The initial contact between the wave and barrier
THE EXHIBITION
THE UNFETTER
-The release of calm water and sediment for sedimentation
To create the immersive experience for the passengers, these 4 key stages become the basis of the spatial compositions. I developed 4 atmospheres , inspired by the process of that stage, that the passengers must encounter during their embarkation and disembarkation using the apposite features of the different stages to portray the narrative of attenuation.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
-The obstruction of input to reduce the energy
BARRIERS
VAPORETTO ROUTE: 9km 45 minutes
CRUISE SHIP PORT TERMINAL ANNUAL REDUCTIONS: 660km 792 hours Vaporetto stops
PROPOSED CRUISE SHIP ROUTE: 10km (20 p/trip) 36 minutes (72 p/trip)
1:2000 0km
2.5km 16
Bill @ the port
(Venice 2020)
Statistics in the Cruise Industry Overview (2018) recorded that 92% of cruise ship passengers will probably or definitely book a cruise as their next holiday. Often this is the case with the average cruiser already taken more than five cruises as an adult. Considering the widely researched ecological damage the ships cause, along with the protests ongoing, I believe the popularity of cruising is due to either ignorance or imprudence of the passengers. The industry overview also stated that 68% of cruisers identified the destination of their vacation as the deciding factor influencing their vacation choice. This means that for 32% of them, destination is not even important and that they just seek cruise ship holidays.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
For the purpose of this thesis, I have produced a satirical profile of the cruise ship passenger that will follow the narrative of this project.
SERIAL VISION, HERE & THERE, THIS & THAT Gordon Cullen’s Townscape (Cullen, 1961) describes how, as designers, we can evoke emotional responses from people through the spaces they inhabit. Cullen explains how this can be achieved through 3 facets:
- Optics - Place - Content Utilisation of these 3 considerations creates an immersive narrative that grants the space the ‘power to disturb the mind’. I used this theory as part of the development of the journey in order to create 2 individual experiences for the passengers; an embarkation and a disembarkation. I sought to replicate Cullen’s methodology of addressing the views of each space in the route as part of a story board for both routes. This exercise was crucial in the development of the spaces and views connecting the stages together.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
Embarkation Disembarkation
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DISEMBARKATION
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
EMBARKATION
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FORM The transitional state of the Venetian marshes form a space for interaction between land and water within the lagoon. This symbiotic relationship is responsible for the birth of the barene and also assures its survival. The gradual rise of the structure from the water level encourages the lagoon to flood areas of the terminal providing a landscape that is constantly mutating and adapting to the conditions. The 200mm layers of the terminal can be used in reference to the Centro Maree’s flood warning system using the Merographic Zero. The current guide states that when the water rises: +1000 mm: 3,56%; +1100 mm: 11,74%; +1200 mm: 35,18%; +1300 mm: 68,75%; over +1400 mm (an exceptional tide): 90% of the town is covered by water.
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During times of acqua alta, the landscape transforms into a circulation of linearity. The footfall for passengers is reduced dramatically creating a denser environment causing difficulty and, often, discomfort in advancing through the terminal. 23
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
The footprint of the building adapts to the water levels of the lagoon and so during low tide, the terminal becomes a spacious landscape available for passengers to circulate on numerous levels.
Departures lounge
Cruise ship embarkation/ disembarkation
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Ramp to arrivals hall
Vaporetto embarkation
Vaporetto disembarkation Ticket kiosk Ticket machines
Baggage storage Baggage drop
gage Bag sport tran
GROUND FLOOR PLAN Mareographic zero +100cm 1:500 0m
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
Kiosk
50m 25
Disembarkation access into terminal.
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Arrivals space.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN Mareographic zero +500cm 1:500 0m
50m 27
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
Kiosks & WCs
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Embarkation access into terminal.
WCs
VTS*
ng p
i View
*VTS - Vessel Traffic Service
SECOND FLOOR PLAN Mareographic zero +900cm 1:500 0m
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
rm latfo
50m 29
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1:200
0m
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10m
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
NORTH ELEVATION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
The mass of the terminal grows, layer by layer, from the lagoon upwards while the circulation routes weave through creating fluid contrasts of states from water to land, external to internal. The methodology of creating the atmosphere of a flux of hybrid states is used to contextualise the passengers’ activities enforcing their awareness of the environment.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 32
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
The undulating streams of water through the marshes create organic, intertwining pathways of land and water for the flora and fauna to inhabit. These animated streams of movement through the mass became the inspiration of the terminal form.
1:200
0m
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10m
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
SOUTH ELEVATION
APPROACH
TRAVERSE
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During the disembarkation, the approach stage is an atmosphere of juxtaposition. where the horizontal landscape meets the verticality of the arrivals hall, the unsheltered meets the sheltered. The landscape of the steps are shaped in order to encourage the crashing of waves to further express the atmosphere of the wave meeting the barrier.
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
The traverse stage begins once the passengers enter the arrivals hall. The space around them becomes gradually denser with columns widening, ceilings lowering and pathways narrowing. This density causes the movement in this stage to decelerate provoking them to take notice of their surroundings.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
EXHIBITION
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The unfetter is the final stage of the journey in which the passengers have passed through the terminal (barrier) and are then free to continue on their travels. The passengers, similar to the flow of water, are no longer in the control of the barrier and are then free to make their own decisions. Vistas of the salt marshes and lagoon face them and this is the stage in which their behaviours hopefully have become influenced.
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
UNFETTER
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
APPROACH
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TRAVERSE
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
The transition from water to barrier to structure is intended to represent a fragment of the ecosystem operating in the lagoon. Similar to the marshes, the terminal becomes a communal habitat for various species to utilise and inhabit. Passengers transitioning through the terminal will be exposed to the array of bird life present by the marshes along with crustaceans fusing themselves to the structure.
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EXHIBITION
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JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
UNFETTER
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CURTAIN WALL
In order to provide the horizontal panorama of the lagoon, this curtain wall system was used to minimise the width of vertical elements in the glass wall. The structure consists of steel columns with aluminum wind blades fixed and stainless-steel tie rods.
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CURTAIN WALL SECTION
Internal barrier layers Aluminum wind blades 1200mm Narrow stainless steel tie rods Glazing toughened glass 20mm Steel column 300mm diameter JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
External barrier layers
AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
1:100 0m
1m
PRODUCED B
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Insulation panel 50mm Waterproofing membrane Levelling screed 30mm Screed 30mm Pre-cast concrete roof planks 200mm Thermal bridge break Air barrier Corten steel panel 40mm Panel attachment fastener Rigid insulation 50mm Batt insulation 70mm Steel bracket Sliding door
1:20 0cm
50cm Screed 30mm Rigid insulation 50mm Waterproofing membrane Pre-cast reinforced concrete slab 200mm Supporting beam 250x500mm Pile cap 100mm Stiffened steel plate Steel pile 300mm diameter Pre-cast concrete barrier slab with limestone embedded 200mm 48
BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
WALL DETAIL SECTION
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
MATERIALS SECTION
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The primary client for the structure is the lagoon and its salt marshes, the cruise ship passengers are secondary. If these global issues such as cruise ship pollution continue to be ignored and eustatic rise is sustained, the structure will become an obsolete mass for humans although its purpose continues to be fulfilled. Please watch the short walk-through film:
JAMES SOENO | BENEATH THE PAVEMENT, THE LAGOON
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URnYxEpKN9g
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THE PLUG-IN COMMUNITY Fifth Year This project approached gentrification by focusing on the benefits Berlin’s economy has experienced due to the influx of investments. Berlin today has become a hotspot for foreign investors with former residential buildings being converted into luxury accommodation and holiday rentals. This social upgrading is increasing rent prices in neighbourhoods such as Friedrichschian, Prenzlauer Berg and Kreuzberg. As a result, locals who make up the fabric of the city are being forced to relocate. The project aims to identify current latent spaces (Tempelhof) and activate the sites building potential for investors. These proposed spaces of concentrated investment attempt to dilute the impact on already thriving neighbourhoods.
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JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
Time line of the on-growing growth.
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GENTRIFICATION
Tempelhof
Gentrification and uneven development in Berlin: the darker areas are characterised by social upgrading and increasing rent prices. Can architecture act as a balancing tool for gentrification in Berlin by encouraging alternative methods of development? The project aims to identify current latent spaces (Tempelhof) and activate the sites building potential for investors. These proposed spaces of concentrated investment attempt to dilute the impact on already thriving neighbourhoods.
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Berlin is a city full of abandoned buildings with long and troublesome histories. But one building has been through more political turmoil than most: Tempelhof Airport. Tempelhof has been used to test some of the world’s first aircrafts, house World War II prisoners, and give the people of West Berlin a vital lifeline to the outside world during the Cold War. In recent years, Tempelhof has become home to Germany’s largest refugee shelter. There were 3,000 refugees from countries such as Iraq and Syria living in the hangars at one point, but that number has fallen to about 600 as German authorities have relocated many of them, while others have returned home. The intentional design of the roof was to provide a viewing platform in which spectators could watch military parades and other events taking place in the field. 55
JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
TEMPELHOF AIRPORT
EXPLORATION OF MOVEMENT
The idea of parasitic architecture, derived from the concept, emphasises the continuous potential of the project. This conceptual model was used to explore movement and spread from a focal point and to accentuate the contrast between the ordered structure and an organic form. 56
STEEL PODIUM
CONCRETE FLOOR
EXOSKELETON
CIRCULATION & MODULES
GROWTH
The construction sequence for the housing scheme creates a parasitic form that is able to adapt, mutate and expand creating a limitless opportunity for investment.
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JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
EXISTING ROOF
Staircase
Lobby
Lift
Module 1.1a
Plug-in Garden
Module 1.1b
Module 2.0 Module 1.0
FF
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Module 1.0
Staircase
Lobby
FF
Module 1.1a
Module 2.0
Module 1.0 Module 1.1a
Module 1.1b
Module 1.0
1:200 0 59
N
PROPOSED PLANS
10m
JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
Staircase
Staircase
Lobby
Lift
FF
Module 1.1a
Module 1.1b
Module 1.1a
Module 1.2
Module 2.0
Module 1.1b Module 1.0 Module 1.1a
Plug-in Garden
FF
60
Staircase
Lobby
FF
Plug-in Garden
Module 1.1a Module 2.0
Module 1.1b Module 1.2
Module 1.1a
Staircase
0 61
N
1:200
10m
JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
FF
PROPOSED PLANS
Staircase
Lobby
Lift
Module 1.1a
Plug-in Kitchen
Module 1.0 Module 1.1b
Module 1.2
Module 2.0
FF FF
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1:200
0
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N
PROPOSED PLANS
10m
JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
Staircase
vel: +2.600m affl
window head: +2.400m affl
3
module -0.200m affl
2
2
4
4
evel: +2.600m affl
l/window head: +2.400m affl
: +2.100m affl
3
1
2
f module -0.200m affl
A
B) c
4 level: +2.600m affl
el/window head: +2.400m affl
3
1
1. Entrance 2. Windows 3. Polycarbonate Cladding 4. Steel Framework
Pr
of module -0.200m affl
MODUL
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Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
B
(Ple
Kitchen/Living Room A)
1:20 Flexible Juction Module/Corridor Connection
FF
openi
1:20 Flat Roof/Parapet Detail:
B) 750
Diagonal bracing 35mm insulation Marine ply deck Single ply membrane Aluminium Capping Store Insect mesh Steel Ring Beam 50mm insulation Timber firrings 15mm Polycarbonate Cladding
150mm upstand
Floor finish fixed direct to 28mm dry screed 18mm wood based board (min. density 600kg/m3) 100mm mineral wool insulation between joists 16mm deep resiliant bars mounted at right angles to joists at 400 cts 145mm timber joists
Master Bedroom
210mm wise CS Allway floor joint cover with 55mm rubber gasket for vertical deflecti
750
A
Bedroom 2
Flat Roof Construction: A Single ply membrane bonded to 50mm insulation on minimum 18mm marine ply deck, fixed into timber firrings to achive 1:80 fall on treated SW joists. This will provide a U-Value of 0.18 W/M2K SVP
Shower Room 750
450
Module walkway
Corridor floor
SVP
12mm and 19mm calcium silicate boards for fire
12mm and 19mm calcium silicate boards with flexible seal to maintain fire integrity protection
Please see Module Exo-Skeleton Connection Detail
Section B-B - 1:50
Please see flat roof detail
B
JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
Master Bedroom
Stair Living/Kitchen/Dining
Please see Module/Corridor connection detail
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Provi area
Fixing
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FF
FF
FF
FF
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JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
PROPOSED SITE SECTION 1:200
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JAMES SOENO | THE PLUG-IN CIOMMUNITY
INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES Fifth Year
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This intervention seeks to obstruct commercial gentrification in Berlin by remoulding the Tempelhof Airport into becoming absent of deterministic forces of capital and ownership to symbolise Berlin’s countermovement against gentrification.
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
Since the fall of the wall, the commercial value of key spaces in Berlin have been identified causing the city to become one of the most gentrified European cities of the 21st century and Tempelhof has been no exception. With the current state of regenerations occurring in Berlin, this project predicts commercial use to eventually consume the whole of the Berlin Tempelhof Airport.
TEMPELHOF AIRPORT
The built environment was a key tool in Nazi propaganda, intended to express the party’s stability and progression. Formal elements of spanning flat roofs and horizontal extensions symbolised an impression of simplicity, uniformity and eternity. The sheer scale of the hall alone enables the space to possess versatility of possible functions. 72
A conceptual wax model to explore methods of how a grand space such as the main hall can mutate into one of intimacy and restriction.
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
The concept of this intervention is to create a physical obstruction to diminish any commercial value the space possessed. The ruins that remain of the hall are then exclusively inhabited by the public, often, the indeterminate territories are completely unreachable physically although visual connections are teased.
Alongside the contradiction of the predicted use for the building, a spatial juxtaposition has been enforced to disregard the intended design effects on the user. The grand, monumental boundaries have been glutted and deluged to form intimate, confined cavities and passages, often claustrophobic. These impediments reduce the visitor’s potential movements through the hall along with their vision, limiting them only to faint glimpses of the existing. Using the photographs of the conceptual model, I overlaid these dramatic spaces within the context of the existing boundaries to study and inform the intervention design. These images created, begin to show the mass can be manipulated in order to create spaces of intimacy and areas to reveal the existing structure.
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
Conceptual images of the mass model super imposed onto existing sections.
The plans demonstrate how the steel structure grid is placed skewed within the existing in an attempt to disregard and even disrespect the original design intentions.
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N
0
20m
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:500
UNIN HA SPAC BITABLE E
MAIN
ENTR
ANCE
LIFT
INHA BI SPAC TABLE E
LIFT
INHA BI SPAC TABLE E
UNIN HA SPAC BITABLE E
FIRE
ESCA
PE
FIRE ESCAPE
Micro plans of various indeterminate spaces and the relationships between them.
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
These impediments reduce the visitor’s potential movements through the hall along with their vision, limiting them only to faint glimpses of the existing.
The structure will take over every inch of space the hall offers from floor to ceiling, wall to wall. The only open spaces available are those we allow to exist.
80
0m
81
20m
JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
PROPOSED SITE SECTION 1:500
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
LATENCY
PATHWAYS
OBSTRUCTION
RUINS
Alongside the contradiction of the predicted use for the building, a spatial juxtaposition has been enforced to disregard the intended design effects on the user. The grand, monumental boundaries have been glutted and deluged to form intimate, confined cavities and passages, often claustrophobic. 84
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
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1:50 Pathway Section
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
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JAMES SOENO | INDETERMINATE TERRITORIES
Sectional model made from a mix of 3D printed scaffold structure and lasercut acrylic.