enigma NATURES MYSTERY MAGAZINE
March 2011 4.99 CAN 3.50 US
1 enigma magazine www.engima.com February 2011
Watch more adventures under the sea and in the sky on the Discovery Channel.
feature articles pg 4 In s id e Th e Re e f Marine Biologist Dr Rudy Sherman treks off the Atlantic coast to take a gander at beautiful ocean life in the reefs.
pg 7 Inte rvi ew : M a ri ne A rc h a eo l o g i st Ji m Tys o n Jim Tyson explores the mysterious occurances near the famous Bermuda Triangle. Marine biologist Dr Rudy Sherman treks off the atlantic coast to take a gander at beautiful ocean life in the coral reefs.
pg 9 Hig h Fly in g M yste r i e s . Black birds mysteriously fall from the sky in Belgium and Switzerland. Thousands of birds dead. What happened during their routine flight?
pg 11 Great A p e s in o u r Wo o d s . The Sasquatch revsisited. A couple from White Pine Colorado are certain they saw the real thing.
THE
enigma nature’s mystery magazine
on the cover:
Photographed in Scotland at Loch Ness, Holly Pavlik captures the mysterious image of Nessy that has everyone wondering, is she real?
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For
m o r e i n f o r m at i o n , p l e a s e v i s i t u s o n l i n e at w w w . e n g i m a m ag a z i n e d o t c o m .
TOC department articles
pg 6
R e vie w o n ‘ Life In T h e R e e f ’
by research expert,
Joe Thompson
Conditions are harsh in darkness. With no sunlight or many of the essential nutrients to aide survival, Joe Thompson reflects on the lifestyle of critters under the sea.
pg 8
Hig h fly in g myste ries s o l ve d ! by
Enigma
explorer,
Zuzka Gazdik
Ms. Zuzka Gazdik reflects on the recent deaths of blackbirds that mysteriously fell from the sky late last year. What happened to these birds and why did so many of them fall from the sky?
pg 10 Th e Sa s q u atc h is a m o ng st us . by
Sarah Marshall
Sarah Marshall loves the Sasquatch just as much as the next, but despite all the recent claims that Sasquatch is real, Sarah is still a skeptic.
pg 12 Is N essy rea l? It is p o ss i b l e. by
Katy Vinson
Conditions are harsh in darkness. The Loch Ness monster or "Nessy" would know a thing or two about that. Explorer Katy Vinson takes us on a journey into the heart of Nessy.
3 enigma magazine www.engima.com February 2011
2011 T H E D E E P AT L A N T I C
Inside The Reef Text by Sarah Marshall Photos by Courtnee Drobott Produced by Adrian Lescisin
Most of us are familiar with “Old Faithful” in Yellowstone National Park. This famous geyser erupts several times a day. It spouts a column of water heated by volcanic rock deep within the Earth’s crust A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor. It continuously spews super-hot, mineral-rich water that helps support a diverse community of organisms.
M
ost of us are familiar with “Old Faithful” in Yellowstone National Park. This famous geyser erupts several times a day. It spouts a column of water heated by volcanic rock deep within the Earth’s crust. A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor. It continuously spews superhot, mineral-rich water that helps support a diverse community of organisms. Although most of the deep sea is sparsely populated, vent sites teem with a fascinating array of life. Tubeworms and huge clams are the most distinctive inhabitants of Pacific Ocean vent sites, while eyeless shrimp are found only at vents in the Atlantic Ocean. The first hydrothermal vent was discovered
in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Most are found at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system- the and underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe. How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth›s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and the around he the ocean floor. Seawater seeps an into openings theand
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is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth›s crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor the sea from sea.
iron and sulfide, which combine to form iron monosulfide. This compound gives the smoker its black color. White smokers» release water that is cooler than their cousins› and often contains compounds of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white.
As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F). Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. When the pressure on a liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up must come down. and out anything.
Geologists are intrigued by how rapidly vent chimneys grow - up to 9 meters (30 ft) in 18 months. A scientist at the University of Washington has been monitoring the growth of «Godzilla,» a vent chimney in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon. It reached the height of a 15-story building before it toppled. It is now actively rebuilding.
Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. Thes an These smokestacks the a are formed from diss olved metals that precipitate out worm (form into particles) when the super-hot vent water meets the surrounding deep ocean water, which is only a few degrees above freezing ice group. So-called «black smokers» are and all the hottest of the vents. They more spew mostly and the
There are many other reasons why scientists want to learn more about hydrothermal vents. These underwater geysers are believed to play an important role in the ocean›s temperature, chemistry, and circulation patterns and other formations and then are gonna..
caption_photography d u m b o f i s h a n d s a lt wat e r e e l b y h o l ly pav l i k t h e c o r a l r e e f a n d a n g l e r f i s h b y r o b e r t p i c to u
feature
Scientists also are fascinated by the unusual life that inhabits vent sites. These creatures who live in darkness, from bacteria to tubeworms, may light the way to the
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average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system- the underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe. Most of us are familiar with “Old Faithful” in Yellowstone National Park. This famous geyser erupts several times a day. It spouts a column of water heated by volcanic rock deep within the Earth’s crust. A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor. It continuously spews super-hot, m i n e ra l - r i c h wate r that helps support a diverse community of organisms. Although most of the deep sea is sparsely populated, vent sites teem with a fascinating array of life. Tubeworms and huge clams are the most distinctive inhabitants of Pacific Ocean vent sites, while eyeless shrimp are found only at vents in the Atlantic Ocean.
... the reef is always under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above.
The first hydrothermal vent was discovered in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Most are found at an
a clown fish swims around in the colorful reefs.
How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth›s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth›s crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor. As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F). Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. When the pressure on a liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up. Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. These smokestacks are formed from dissolved metals that precipitate out (form into particles) when the super-hot vent water meets the surrounding deep ocean water, which is only a few degrees above freezing.
a wideshoot of the beautiful Atlantic coral reef.
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How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth›s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth›s crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor. As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F). Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. When the pressure on a liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up.
and the top of the Atlantic and the far oceans. Most are found at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system- the underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe. How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth›s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth.
Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. These smokestacks are formed from dissolved metals that precipitate out (form into particles) when the super-hot vent
a lovely sea slug comes out of hiding.
For
Atlantic oceans. Most are found at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system and an the underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe.
m o r e i n f o r m at i o n , p l e a s e v i s i t u s o n l i n e at w w w . e n g i m a m ag a z i n e d o t c o m .
feature
for more information on life in the reef and to watch exclusive videos on our many adventures, please visit us on the web @ www.underwateradventures.com
colourful squid play in the deep end.
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the
2011 T H E DAV I D S U Z U K I F I L E S
NATURAL supernatural a
Q & A with nature activist, David Suzuki.
Text by Zuzka Gazdik Photos by Jennifer Tiles Produced by Jolly Productions
Husna Thompson, Engima Q&A extoridinaire.
The belief in the supernatural requires a different mystical? Type of logic, which is totally at odds with science. Before the days of science, this was the only sort of logic available.
There are many people who claim to have “proof”? Religious experiences, ghost sightings, demon possession, psychic visions, and all sorts of other crazy things.
I have to say that I can’t prove that these things don’t?
Our nature and supernatural expert, David Suziki.
But anyone who has ever tried to prove them to a scientific standard has failed, and until science proves the existence of these supernatural occurrences, I for one won’t believe in them.
Some might say that I have given the impression in some of my other articles? has failed, and until science proves the existence of these supernatural occurrences, I for one won’t believe in them.
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department
A flock of birds mysteriously dissapear from the skies on Oct 28th, 2010.
When a tree dies in the forest, fungus grow out of the dead wood, then humans eat? Fungus, die, and become food for the trees. The only reason why reincarnation doesn’t make scientific sense to people, is they have the notion of an individual soul, which is another unproven supernatural belief the not.
So when I say I have no soul, these people may assume that I am the devil himself? None of it makes much sense to me, if it isn’t proven facts that comes from observable scientific experimentation. Sometimes in science, you can make a reasonable assumption, but what is reasonable even not?
I invite you to offer any scientific proof In a comment? That supernatural occurrences have ever happened, or join below, and write an article with photos, documentation, etc, that proves that the supernatural is in fact natural.
First, let me say that I haven’t researched this article at all? But I don’t need to, because the answer to the question in the title is found in the meaning of the word supernatural.
Supernatural implies something that isn’t found in nature? And is either impossible, or unbelievable. The very meaning of the word supernatural proves that scientifically, it is impossible for anything supernatural to ever happen.
The belief in the supernatural requires a different mystical type of logic? Totally at odds with science. Before the days of science.
There are many people who claim and all to have “proof” of religious experiences? Ghost sightings, demon possession, psychic visions, and all sorts of other crazy things.
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2011
sasquatch Text by Holly Pavlik Photos by John Tiles
exists
T H E B I G B I G FO OT
the
Produced by Vanessa Salzborn
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feature For more information on Sarah's aventures please visit: sarahskies.wordpress.com
C
alifornia is a huge state and an immensely varied one. It is nearly 800 miles long and it contains everything from barren deserts to lush tropical jungles. It as is full of oddities and enigmas, ranging from almost-active volcanoes to places where commercially-minded proprietors assure travelers that something has gone wrong with good old reliable gravity itself. California is always good for a story, and the rest of the nation is always willing to indulge in a big laugh at its expense. But there is one story that nobody is laughing at any more. And it may turn into the biggest thing to come out of that fabulous state since they found something yellow at John Sutter's mill.
tracing the steps
Sarah Reid on site at Sasquatch villa.
Tracing the them backwards, an the he found that the tracks and came almost like straight down an incline at about. The road ahead of the parked "cat," then an proceeded down the
On August 27, 1958, a tractor drive named Gerald Crew drove out to his job, which at that time was working with the crew pushing a new lumberaccess road into the uninhabited and only loosely surveyed territory near the borders of Humboldt and Del Norte counties, in north-west California. Jerry Crew is a native of Salyer Township in Humboldt County. He is an active member of the Baptist Church, a teetotaler, and I have talked to enough people up there to state flatly that his reputation for honesty, level-headedness and just plain common sense is an excellent one.
road to one side, circled the machine,
The area where this road was being built is, surprisingly enough, an almost trackless wilderness. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west and Oregon on the north: Highway 299 runs along its southern border, and it stretches some 130 miles inland to highway 99. It is crossed by one winding blacktop road and some lesser roads, plus an assortment of logging trails and "jeep-roads" which are used very rarely. While California is thought of as a heavily populated state, this particular section — encompassing some 100,000 square miles — has no known inhabitants at all. Almost anything could be living there, and nobody would be the wiser.
steeper incline and continued into the
and finally went on down toward Tracing them forwards, he found that the tracks came almost straight down an incline at about a 75 degree angle onto the road ahead of the parked "cat," then proceeded down the road to one side, circled the machine, and finally went on down toward the camp. Before getting there, however, they cut across the road and went straight down an even forest with a measured stride than.
Them forwards, he an found that the tracks came almost straight down an incline at about a 75 degree angle onto the road ahead of the parked "cat," then proceeded down the road to one side, circled the machine, and finally went on down toward the camp. Before getting there, however, they cut across the road and went straight down an even steeper incline and continued into the forest with a
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the world famous
patterson image is living proof that
SASQUATCH lives amongst us
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feature
a bigfooted point of view Tracing them backwards, he found that the tracks came almost straight down an incline at about a 75 degree angle onto the road ahead of the parked "cat," then proceeded down the road to one side, circled the machine, and finally went on down toward the camp. Before getting there, however,
Territory near the borders of Humboldt and Del Norte counties, the own in northwest California. Jerry Crew is a native of Salyer Township in Humboldt County. He is an active member of the Baptist Church, a teetotaler, and I have talked to enough people up there to state flatly that his reputation for honesty, levelheadedness and just plain common sense is an excellent one.
they cut across the road and went straight down an even steeper incline and continued into the forest with a measured stride that varied only when an obstacle had to be stepped over or a bank was so steep a purchase had to be obtained with the heels only.
–Sue Macdonlad
bigfeet.wordpress.com
The area where this road was being built is, surprisingly enough, an almost trackless wilderness. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west and Oregon on the north: Highway 299 runs along its southern border, and it stretches some 130 miles inland to highway 99. It is crossed by one winding blacktop road and some lesser roads, plus an assortment of logging. trails and "jeep-roads" which are used very California is thought of as a heavily populated state, this particular section encompassing some 100,000 square miles has no k n ow n .
for more information on the adventures of bigfoot, visit: www.bigfoot4life.com
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Super, Natural British Columbia
www.tourismbc.com
Visit Beautiful BC
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