#energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #portfolio #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #juan esteban duque mora #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #mch2020 #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri #jacob van rijs #hrvoje njiriç #dietmar eberle #colleclerc #leed #studytrips #madrid #eth #upm #paris #zurich #energy and sustainability #urban and landscape design #business management and international activity #low cost and emergency housing #housing projects #construction and technology #sociology economy and politics #city sciences #housing theory #master in collective housing #alison brooks #andrea deplazes #andres canovas #atxu amman #nicolas maruri
Works, projects, and texts produced by MCH 2020 alumni. Transcriptions, editing, and book design by the author.
juan esteban duque mora MCH 2020 | PORTFOLIO
The Master of Architecture in Collective Housing, MCH, is a postgraduate full-time international professional program of advanced architecture design in cities and housing presented by Universidad PolitĂŠcnica of Madrid (UPM) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH).
To my mother, my grandfather and my grandmother.
INDEX M.01 Energy and Sustainability M.02 Construction and Technology M.03 Low Cost and Emergency Housing M.04 Urban Design
10 24 48 62
W.01 HRVOJE NJIRIÇ W.02 ALISON BROOKS W.03 JAIME COLL - JUDITH LECLERC W.04 ANDRES CANOVAS - ATXU AMANN - NICOLAS MARURI W.05 JACOB VAN RIJS W.06 ANDREA DEPLAZES W.07 DIETMAR EBERLE
78 96 106 116 124 132 144
T.01 Sociology, economy and politics
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M / MODULES W / WORKSHOPS T / TEXT
MODULES
Specialty Seminar Energy and Sustainability Credits 4.5 ECTS Leader Professor Javier García-German Work team Juan Felipe Quiñonez - Colombia Juan Cruz Barrionuevo - Argentina Project location Ait Khojmane, Morocco Duration 10 days
10
Utopian Oasis The laberynth - Inhabited corridor This module departs from the structural connection that exists between the climate of a given location and the culture unfolded by its inhabitants. This question has been rarely addressed by architects, underpins a wide array of questions which connect climate to social patterns, local lifestyles, how people dress, or how architecture is inhabited. From this perspective, a thermodynamic approach to architecture needs to explore the interactions between the local climate, the spatial and material particularities of architecture, and the lifestyle of its users. Contrary to mainstream practice which deploys a to down approach which proceeds from outdoor massing to indoor space, this studio explores the potential to conceive architecture from the interior. The objective is to design a building starting from the particular atmospheres demanded by its users. As a result, departing from the specific ambient conditions needed by users, we will define the set of sources and sinks required to induce specific atmospheric situations.
11
Ait Khojmane, Morroco
Ait Khojman is a small town and rural commune in Errachidia Province or the Dra Tafilat, a region of Morroco. The landscape and topography varies from the High Atlas mountains to the Sahara desert according to the geological terrains we pass through. Along with these climatic and geological variations, traditional architecture smoothly fits into the landscape, with materials taken from the local resources. Materials actually shaped the buildings and almost caused the appear as camouflage, as they are somehow barely distinguishable from the terrain. 12
Site analysis - Agricultural Oasis
13
Typical urban Typology - Ksar analysis
Kasar El Khorbat
Chimney system
Heat diagram
Air flows
14
The proposed unit arises from the thermodynamic analysis of the typology of the kasar. In this case, the streets of the kasar function as wind tunnels that enter into the houses and are expelled through the inner courtyard of each unit. After having understood this process we found it interesting to think on a street where the air can circulate and generate fresh spaces. To achieve this, it was necessary to provide a source of heat that induces the air to circulate. In this way, we design a narrow labyrinth that culminates in a hot patio. Throughout this circulation, niches are generated that allow different activities to happen. Water and plants are added to cool the air that enters.
15
Inhabitable corridor proposal
Section
Thermodynamic behaviour throughout the year
Summer day 16
Summer night
Winter night
Winter day
Thermodynamic analysis
Labyrinth - Utopian Oasis
17
Niche catalog
The final proposal takes on the characteristics of the unit but generating a more complex framework by crossing different paths. We disposed of hot patios of different dimensions and heights to which different paths arrive. Along these routes, the niches appear, some more private and others shared. The proposal aims to be a utopian oasis in the desert in which to be thermally comfortable and to generate an atmosphere of relaxation, stay, and socialization.
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Eyja Ljossins (Reyjkiavic) Illa de Llum (Barcelona)
Re-locate Re-Industrialized Re-Conceptualized. After analyzing Lluis Clotet, Ignacio Paricio intervention in Barcelona, our task was to re-locate, re-industrialize, and re-conceptualize the building. We considered strategies related to external envelope, structure, and services. We worked with industrialized systems that allow effectiveness and efficiency. The goals were: to go in deep with technical knowledge, to study and experiment with good architectural supports, to test how existing quality buildings can be adapted to very different conditions.
24
Specialty Seminar Construction and Technoology Credits 4.5 ECTS Leader Professor Ignacio Fernandez Solla Work team Ă lvaro Pedrayes - Spain Audrey Umara - Kenya Carlos Ballesteros - Mexico Project location Reykjavik, Iceland Duration 10 days
25
Barcelona - Spain -5°C min 31°C max
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Before Barcelona
After Reykjavic
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STRUCTURE - On site concrete ground floor - Prefab components assembled on site - CLT core + glulam matrix - Continuity + concrete diaphragm
INDUSTRIALIZATION - ‘Stacked’ 3D elements (servant pods and core) - ‘Assembled’ 2D elements (slabs and envelope)
BUILDING SERVICES - Underfloor heating system connected to geothermal city network - Air re-capture and filtration for the climatization of public spaces in the building - Balconies reduction for lighting / thermal purposes
ENVELOPE - Interior façade as a thermal box; 30cm insulation and wooden casement openings - Exterior simple-glazed skin in ‘accordion’ against the wind and the rain
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3.00 B
6.05
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6.05
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3.00 G
Estructural base plan 1
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3.00 B
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Concrete case plan
Architectonical distribution plan 29
1
A
B
Principal transversal glulam 50x50 cm matrix T-inverted beams C
Glulam longitudinals 50x40 cm beams
D
Prefab grid: 35x15 cm beams rest on the T-inverted’s
E
Rockwool ecological insulation (already installed in the prefab slab) F
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3.00
6.05
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Radiant system and final concrete layer, 10cm
Compression layer Diaphragm 10cm
6.05
6cm CLT covering panels to support the compression
6.05
Concrete on site “seams� to connect and stiffen the prefab timber slabs
3.00
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STABILITY: CLT perpendicular walls
SERVED SPACES: glulam matrix
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SERVANT SPACES: CLT pods
TYPICAL FLOOR: hybrid
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UNDERFLOOR HEATING SYSTEM
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B
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Shafts: distribution
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G
57ยบC
Collector
1100L/s 85ยบC
NESJAVELLIR 27kms
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Pressure pump
Innertia tank
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9
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WATER SYSTEM
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B WC 1
WC 1 S2''
''2S
S2''
''2S
KITCHEN
KITCHEN BAN 8"
NAB "8
C WC 1
WC 1
S2''
''2S
S2''
''2S
KITCHEN
KITCHEN BAN 8"
Shafts: distribution
NAB "8
D WC 1
WC 1
S2''
''2S
S2''
KITCHEN
BAN 8"
NAB "8
WC 2
WC 2
''2S
KITCHEN
E
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G
Hidraulic pump
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LIGHTING + ELECTRIC. SYSTEM
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Shafts: distribution E
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TYP. PLAN G
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ELECTRIC. BOARDS
ELECTRIC ROOM POWER PLANT TRANSFORMER
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BASEMENT G
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VENTILATION: AIR HANDLER
Compact air handler AIR HANDLER
AIR HANDLER
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INTERIOR FAÇADE: thermal box
3cm. stained exterior timber cladding
35cm. timber frame fixing batten wind protection sheeting
30cm. rockwool insulation + 10cm. air gap vapour retarder
10cm CLT finishing panel 4-16-4-16-4 window with a wooden frame incorporating thermal efficiency space bars. U value = 1.0
3.02
M1
0.50
6.05
0.50
M2
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INTERIOR FAÇADE: thermal box
elevation
section
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EXTERIOR SKIN: accordions
+67.12m
+52.65m
+39.45m
+26.25m
+9.55m
0.00m -3.00m
NORTH
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WEST
SOUTH
EAST
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clamping node low iron glass
EXTERIOR SKIN: accordions
T1
metalic frame
clamping PTR top hanger
T2
metallic guide clamping node low iron glass metallic frame
T3
metal angle frame detachable metalic frame
concrete waffled slab
elevation
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section
reinforced concrete capital with preassembled framework
EXTERIOR SKIN: accordions
T1
type 1: fixed
0.75
3.30
T2 0.75 2.00
type 2: accordion
1.30 0.75
T3
1.50
2.00 3.30
1.30
type 3: detachable
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Specialty Seminar Low Cost and Emergency Housing Credits 4.0 ECTS Leader Professor Sonia Molina Metzger Work team Nathalie Flazs - Venezuela Simona Vega - Dominican Republic Luis Miguel Rivera - Ecuador Project location Bienvenido, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Duration 8 days
48
ยก SU CASA !
The present seminar wants to: Give an introduction to the problem of slums, informal cities, and new urban developments. Introduce the approaches during an emergency, due to natural or social disasters, and show the transition to recovery and resilience. Provide instruments to deal with some of the challenges we could find working on emergency or development, related to planning, access to basic services, and shelter/housing.
An instructions manual for the Bienvenido Housing Community a Home for Everyone
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Dominican Republic
Santo Domingo
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Bienvenido, intervention area
Bienvenido neighborhood, which originally was a rural area, is close to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; it lacks not only proper urban planning but also has a deficient quality of its basic services, such as sewers and trash picking system, energy, public spaces, among others. Another important issue to be taken into account is that the surrounding area next to where the Haina River flows gets flooded from time to time. That being said, both a new low-cost design for housing units and different urban strategies were designed, to improve the neighborhood’s life quality. After the analysis, the team concluded that the most efficient way to approach all of the obstacles explained before, the most important attitude to be taken would be using the in-between spaces or plots that look like part of the neighborhood’s leftovers to implement all of the strategies.
Daily life
Flooding
Housing
Living quality
51
1. URBAN Fabric - Analysis
Terrain
Urban Fabric Consolidated
52
Water Network Haina River Blue Spots Flood Water Netw. Int. Area 30m from River
Degraded Urban Fabric of High Vulnerability that can be consolidated
Soil Types River Barrage Limestone Haina River Intervention Area
Degraded Urban Fabric of High Vulnerability that cannot be consolidated
Soil conditions II Class VI Class Haina River Intervention Area
Housings to improve placed in areas that can be consolidated To relocate Improve Roof & Walls Improve Roof & Walls Improve Roofs
Green areas Built areas Green areas Haina River Intervention Area
Housings to relocate due to the high vulnerability
F. Sanitation Sanitation Network Haina River Intervention Area
Relocations and Livelihood
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2. GREEN, Public and Social Spaces - Community Programs
The Bienvenido ecological spine is a continuous line that connects and reconnects the existing Bienvenido Neighborhood with the Haina River hidric system. This wondering line combines architecture and landscape to enhance the living quality of the site. The proposal works on the most vulnerable points for storm and flooding surge by linking multiple programs that are spread out across the area. Include community programs, that can integrate the community to promote the interaction with nature, within themselves, and with the process of transforming their neighborhood. It decreases vulnerability and promotes awareness by inhabiting the riverside. Autoconstruction Program for the development of their own housing. Recycling and Residues Program for the transformation to new materials and partnering with the recycling program to build their homes with different techniques. Community Orchard to grow, learn, and enjoy their own local greens and fruits. Water Treatment to promote awareness for the caring of the Haina River.
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01
255m2 Water treatment Orchard
02
300m2 Kids Park Sports Area
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200m2 Public Plaza
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500m2 Multifunctional Space
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350m2 Public Plaza Picnic Area
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280m2 Recycling Space Programs
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160m2 Cultural Center
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200m2 Worship Space
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250m2 Kids Park Kindergarden
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500m2 Sports Area
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300m2 Multifunctional Space
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350m2 Public Plaza Picinc Area
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03. HOUSING Proposal Catalog Your house, your choices. ยกDo it! This project brings the opportunity to transform Bienvenido, with a flexible building module that accommodates various functions and family structures. A catalog to offer the selection of unit types that can be personalized according to their needs and preferences. A community is formed with shared utilities, community spaces, and private quarters; all using the same system. Looking at this proposal as an opportunity for development and transformation not only physical but social; we can consider the community as a team for this proposal and project to get real.
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04. Construction details and clusters Wall Kits Variations according to the users needs. 3 options with different costs and construction difficulties.
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Furniture Kits
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04. Construction details and clusters
05. Bienvenido, after the project
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Specialty Seminar Urban Design Credits 6.0 ECTS Leader Professor José Maria Ezquiaga - Gemma Peribáñez Ayala Work team Mariana Sandoval - México Luis Miguel Rivera - Ecuador Mariam Gaznavi - Pakistán Project location Madrid, Spain Duration 18 days
The New Campamento District is located southeast of the city of Madrid and constitutes the most important piece to complete this area of the city, whit almost 200 Ha. The district has to be a fine-grained, mixed, and lively place, at the same time it has the potential for a globally exemplary sustainable project that takes limited resources into account. Around 10,000 apartments are tives and building associations,
planned, rented and owned, for cooperaof which a half are subsidized apartments.
The social infrastructure with primary school and daycare centers, as well as new offers for local supply, sport, and culture, will also find their place here. Besides, locating workspaces to house a number at least greater than 10,000 jobs will be a chance. The noise from road A5, one of the most important access to Madrid from the east of the metropolitan area, and other residential sectors around makes it more difficult to create or built more apartments. Close to the New Campamento District, a large green area of around 1,700 hectares called Casa de Campo, are expected to be fully integrated with the city, which invites leisure and sports use. Urban planning is divided into two phases, the first of which is included in this booklet. Phase 1 consists of the development of a project which will have around 10,000 apartments; 25% of its area is devoted toward offices and commerce; and 15% as other flexible facilities or programs. 62
The expansion of Madrid Campamento
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1. Analysis site
Madrid, Spain
Scale - Retiro Park
Density, diversity & mix
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A5 • Reduce carbon footprint • Maximize actve use of spaces • Counter land use problems in low density areas • Ensure usability of services during all seasons • Accessibility of facilities to a variety of users
Conectivity with the city
Scale - Retiro Park 227 hectares
Accesibility
Metro stations
Autonomus movility network
Green cone
ection
N
Diversity
Urban greens
River
Land uses analysis
Accesibility and movility
Bycicle network
Interior green areas
Water harvestation
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2. Proposal
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N
The Extremadura highway also called the A5, it’s not only one of Madrid’s main access points; but also the backbone of neighborhoods such as Batán, Puerta del Ángel, Aluche, Campamento, and Cuatro Vientos. “The New District of Campamento” becomes key for the city. The project is designed to unify the two areas of land that are divided by the avenue A5. With this in mind, we have decided to propose a green infrastructure that is the one that ties and structures the site. From this decision, we have proposed three types of routes: large, medium, and small. As the scale decreases, the vehicle becomes more restrictive, creating more livable spaces for pedestrians. A series of connective infrastructures are proposed over the A5 to improve its connection and avoid the existing crack. The building profile has been designed with a height gradient, starting on the A5 with the larger-scale buildings, and gradually decreases its profile as it moves away from it.
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3. Master Plan
For the urban planning and open space planning qualification of the new district of Campamento, a high-quality urban planing and open space-related functional planning should be created. The proposal continue the process of urban transformation started with the burial of the M-30 and the execution of the Madrid River Project on public land, proposing in the recovered river axis, a strategy comprehensive for intervention in the building and space free private and in the fabric of social activities and economic, through an innovative proposal in Sustainable rehabilitation, revitalization and renewal of the building and the urban scene, which will transform the relations between the A5 border, existing city, Casa de Campo Park and the neighboring districts. The challenges and opportunities of urban development are closely related to the development of a sensitivity with urban edges, with integration criteria adapting to the size and scale of the neighboring districts: • Equipment that can contribute to satisfying the deficits in its immediate environment and to completing existing equipment.
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• Activity and commerce: the A5 axis and interior axes associated with large urban boulevards, qualified public spaces.
N
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4. Section A5 road
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5. Intervention in the main interior neighborhood road
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6. Pedestrian and cycle paths
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WORKSHOPS
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Workshop Leader HRVOJE NJIRIÇ (njiric+ arhitekti) Workshop Assistant Esperanza Campaña (architectural matter) Work team Vasiliki Anagnostopoulou - Greece Ignacio Valdéz - Peru Duration 5 days
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SUPERAR* Overcoming clichÊs in collective housing design The workshop is designed to challenge and seek creativity with traditional ideas and concepts in the architectural design of collective living spaces. It aims to promote alternative solutions to housing, coming up with affordable and sustainable units with limited size and budget to meet urgent demands in the housing market, something not in contradiction with singular, enjoyable, and inviting domestic spaces. The challenge is both multidisciplinary and multiscale, a minimal housing unit capable of fulfilling the residents’ requirements of comfort, thrift and sustainability.
Âż
?
79
The task is focused on lowcost housing, on affordable and innovative solutions to the basic need for a smallsized quality housing. The assignment allows thinking about social, cultural and environmental effects in sustainable design and construction. The challenge is to conceive a new and original concept for a lowcost house with expandable units or local materials, however - not strictly limited to “low tech�. The workshop is designed to challenge and seek creativity with traditional ideas and concepts in architectural design of collective living spaces. It aims to promote alternative solutions to housing, coming up with affordable and sustainable units with limited size and budget to meet urgent demands in housing market, something not in contradiction with singular, enjoyable and inviting domestic spaces. The challenge is both multidisciplinary and multiscale, a minimal housing unit capable of fulfilling the residents requirements of comfort, thrift and sustainability.
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DAY 1
Thin plan vs thick plan (flat apartment, no work in section)
DAY 2
Raumplan vs uneven floors (work in section)
DAY 3
Open vs petrified plan
DAY 4
Irregular contours
DAY 5
Urban Collage
81
Thin plan
“Websites are brimming with extremely thin houses which are not wide enough for two functional zones, one behind the other. The advantages of having cross ventilation and unobstructed views are topped with an extreme facade length and thermal losses�. 82
Typical apartament Type A
Ground floor 83
84
Thick Plan
Private area Height : 2,4 m
Public Area Height : 3,42 m
Public area Circulation Access to the apartments
Private area Private balcony
Public area Space for social interaction between the neighbors Public Area Public hallway exterior balcony
Section
“Speculations on the housing market often result in extremely deep floor plans which demand a lot of skill to deal with. Depths of 20m are not rare at all, often worsened by an extreme thinness of less than 6m. There is also several historical plans with such measures.� 85
Petrified Plan
“A petrified plan with a lot of thick load-bearing walls with the short span is a relic of 19th century housing stock that needs to be conversed for the present-day needs. Functional and conceptual interpretation of both extremes are of highest importance.�
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Architectural intervention
87
Open Plan “Open plan has its conceptual, ideological roots in the 20th century modernism. It is also to be found as a radical transformation of industrial legacy known as a loft. Whatever the lifestyle is, issues of privacy and confinement had to be addressed.�
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Irregular Contours
Public areas Private areas
7 apartaments
“Sometimes we face the task to design a dwelling in a predefined contour. Reasons for this can be quitecdiversified – be it an existing structure that has to be converted into dwellings or accomplicatedcgeometry of envelope articulated in such way to meet i.e. urban requirements. But complex andcirregular borders doesn’t necessarily mean a shortcoming in spatial and atmospheric quality.”
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Triangular Shape
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The lot
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The workshop’s final task, which almost could look like taken out of a Hejduk’s book, consisted of managing an urban strategy as accurate as possible, where all of the typologies shown before could coexist. The team founded the development’s main idea using diagonal connections which would no only join in a more probably organic way the inside part of this superblock but also would make easier the cohesion of every single housing type.
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Workshop Leader ALISON BROOKS (alison brooks architects) Workshop Assistant Alejandro de Miguel Work team Maria Jose Brito - Ecuador Virginia Cid - Argentina Vasiliki Anagnostopoulou - Greece Project location Madrid, Spain Duration 5 days
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Tower as re-usable urban ecosystem TORRES DE COLON: The Post-Pandemic The extraordinary COVID worldwide situation has forced us to rethink our lives as individuals and as a society. It has been a tough but great opportunity to redesign and redefine our domestic spaces. But not only it is necessary to reinterpret the way we are living but also the way we are working, consuming, and producing. Today as never before, it seems necessary to have a sustainable approach in our designs. We understand sustainability from an economic, social, and ecological point of view, all of them closely related and necessary to foresee a better future for all of us.
So, how do we want to live from now onwards? How can we improve our built environment as a response to nowadays situations and needs? We believe we have to look backwards to recover some important attitudes and values we may have forgotten and adapt them to our contemporary present. Looking back into the past has made us think about how living in a community was like: cultivate your own items, produce hand-crafted items, exchange knowledge and inventions; a close relationship between people and the environment. Looking forward to the future under this concept can be the solution to some of the most important problems we are facing today such as urban growth, land consumption, pollution, overproduction, energy consumption, resource exploitation, and waste generation.
We aim to reconnect people with nature, consumption with production through our project. Consequently, our towers are a “prosumer� village. A place to live and work, to produce and consume where sharing is one of the most important values. Sharing spaces, knowledge, food production, and offering back to the city.
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Context plan - Proposal
The existing project consists of two identical towers, historically known by their suspended structure. Our intervention looks forward to keeping the current urban image that they give to the city. Releasing the building’s base in order to visualize the pure core from the outside and formally providing an open invitation for the pedestrians to come into the project, as a gesture of giving back to the city a program that everyone could take advantage of daily. 98
The use of these public spaces was given as a part of the cycle of our “prosumer� village. Analyzing the facilities in the sector, and the lack of a place to exchange goods and services, a market is a perfect complement for our project, a spot to exchange food and hand-crafts produced in the building. The place between the city and the housing project, a space for interaction among residents, mainly in a situation as critical as the current COVID. The ground floor enclosure acts as a vertical greenhouse to fully provide the space underneath. Initially, there were six parking levels, in the current intervention three are available for the public, thus generating a point of vehicular confluence that supplies the Paseo de la Castellana; one floor for the private parking spots for the building and one level for storage serving the market facility. The housing project is developed by co-living spaces and double-height ateliers, both complemented by co-working spaces that are flexible enough to gain not just a working response but also a variety of uses and a rooftop for leisure and physical activities.
Paseo de la Castellana view
Interior plaza
99
Inserted buildings - Proposal
100
Green productive wall
Mix detail section
Co-working
Leisure + Physical activities Co-living
Duplex apartment + atelier
Duplex apartment + atelier
Co-living
Co-working
Farm to table restaurant
Markets
Resident’s parking
Green houses Food production
Public plaza Visitor’s parking + Product supply
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1
Typical floor CO-living space / shared living
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Typical floor CO-working space / shared flex space
2
4
1
2
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Typical 1ST floor duplex atelier
Typical 2ND floor duplex atelier
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Detail apartaments plans 1. Co-living
There is a variety of apartment types inside the building, offering different living conditions. Firstly, the duplex-studio ateliers provide the possibility of a flexible space where the tenants can build and organize the apartment according to their needs. Two of the apartments on each floor, have two entrances, one on the top and one on the lower level. This way, an alternative entrance to a working studio or an office which coexists in the same living units as the rest of the house, is possible.
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2. Duplex atellier
The other two categories are characterized by a co-sharing environment as they include a co-living type of dwelling and a co-working. The first use, co-living tries to give the option for people who want to live in a community and share their lifestyle. We have two dwellings per floor, but they have the option to open the communal space and have the complete floor for all users. In the second one, the co-working area, our intention is to have a space for the people who are living in the building, but also the citizens who need a place along La Castellana.
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Workshop Leaders JAIME COLL JUDITH LECLERC (coll-leclerc arquitectos) Workshop Assistant Diego García Setién (gaSSz arquitectos/aecom) Work team Óscar Maciel - Mexico Melpomeni Kiriyaki Katharopolou - Greece Maria Jose Rodriguez de Vera - Spain Project location Barcelona, Spain Duration 5 days
An urban hybrid prototype FONTANA MIX
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The development will proceed from the inside out, based on historical and contemporary case studies, generally single-family houses, whose common characteristic is the rigor with which they consider the house as a system, subject to a series of rules, instructions or restrictions that allow their extrapolation in a new prototype. This prototype must in turn, preserve the spatial, tectonic and environmental qualities that characterized the original model. The project should answer the following questions: Can we build on existing public buildings and thus reduce the environmental impact? Is the street level the only possible level for public space? Should the residential use be exclusive or could work and service spaces be incorporated to a certain degree? How can we incorporate the new conditions derived from the various crises (new programs, users, tempos, spaces, typologies)?
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Barcelona. Gracia neighborhood is characterized by its social mix, in this place different generations, not only of Spanish people, get along. But a problem which is eminent in almost every big city in the world is the lack of land for new developments. Is due to the latter why the plot chose for this workshop is the Fontana metro station, as a statement of using every remain of the city for future housing projects.
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Metro station plan
Public plaza plan
Level. 0.00
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First floor plan
co-living housing
Second and fourth floor plan single persona. couple 110
Level. +9.00m
Level. +12.40m / +19.20m
Third floor plan family housing
Level. +15.80m
Fifth floor plan co-living housing
Level. +22.60m 111
Section
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Facade
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Years after the economic crisis recovery, the situation of young people has not changed: they still cannot leave their family home to start an adult life. And now, after the covid crisis, the situation could get worse. Adding to what was said, 60% of young people between 25 and 29 years old have not left their parents’ homes. The main cause is an unstable labor market with low incomes, something that seems to be perpetuated despite the end of the crisis. And, almost above this circumstance, an impossible real estate market for this sector of the population. To acquire a flat, young people need to allocate 62.4% of their annual income to the monthly mortgage payment or even more in the case that the property is located in cities such as Madrid, San Sebastiån, Valencia, or Barcelona.
How does the building grow?
Growing phase 1 Growing phase 2
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Elements to adapt during growth
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In this way we allow them to spend less money and to have the opportunity to live in a better location for less. Also, we incorporate the factor time on the equation. Related to this, we have to say that our building has the quality of growing during the years. As we want to give the user the power to change their home if they need more space. In this way our building would always be in constant changing voids and infills 115
City co-housing CRADLE TO CRADLE
Imagine that you can live in Madrid the way you envision your life in the near future and that you have the possibility to design this space. But who are you? Are you happy with who you are? Do you want to take the opportunity to be that person you admire or simply a different you, imagine that you are your grandmother, a super millionaire, or a porn star, and then think a world or desire and spaces that you may need.
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Workshop Leaders ANDRES CANOVAS ATXU AMANN NICOLAS MARURI (temperaturas extremas) Workshop Assistant Gabriel Wajnerman (plural) Work team Juan Felipe Quiñonez - Colombia Juan Cruz Barrionuevo - Argentina Juanjo Sanchez Aedo - Mexico Lu Liu - China Project location Madrid, Spain Duration 5 days
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Collective thougths
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Materialized thoughts
Digging the idea
City?... well city
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Result: nolly diagram
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What happens inside?
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Forget car home rental by the day month as you know it. Carsharing home2share is just like having your own car house in Madrid. Just grab a car2go home2share. All you need is one app. Find out what it means to be #proudtoshare in Madrid. What is home2share? Home2share is the world’s first home sharing service. Our Real Estate operates without fixed rental procedures. All you need is the app. Grab a home2share anywhere in a home2share location in Madrid and choose the home-elements you need. How big do you want your house to be at any moment of the day or the week? When you’re done, return some or all of the elements back. For a low price per minute that includes everything from renting to cleaning. You can access to a large apartment only when you need it. You do not pay when you are not in the city. You can retain a minimum unit and expand it when necessary. Why use home2share in Madrid? From Chamberí to Gran Vía – you’ve never done home rental like this before. Homesharing with home2share is a new way of living in the city without owning a house. No more lack of space. No more extra space that you do not use. No more extra rooms to pay for sporadic use. No more problems of space when guests or family are coming. No more problems when organizing a big dinner or a party at home. Start using home2share in Madrid – all you need is the app. It’s the future, only it’s right now. *Text is taken from the workshop syllabus, which was inspired by the idea of www.car2go.com
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Workshop Leader JACOB VAN RIJS (MVRDV) Workshop Assistant Ignacio Borrego Work team Maria Magdalena Ramos - Mexico Maria José Brito - Ecuador Óscar Maciel - Mexico Ignacio Valdez - Peru Duration 5 days
The future affordable housing Home2Share
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According to the basic needs of every human being, the team designed a minimum space for being inhabited and expanded by its future user. Planning the latter wasn’t the only task, but also a new way of leasing apartments, based on the context wrote on the last page. So the future inhabitants of these new studios would form part of mycloset.com, which is this new way of renting where you would be able to add, rest, or share some extra space with your neighbors. The people living in the building run by mycloset.com are going to count on with a ten sqm space where their basic needs can be satisfied, extra space as seen in the section showed on page 78 is meant to be not only an ephemeral addition but a shared one too (in most of the occasions). Assuming the whole idea of this new way of inhabiting, the tenants will enjoy the benefits of lowering their monthly rent.
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My closet exploded 127
White
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Black
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Building proposal, a game of closets
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Section
The space meant to be shared by the inhabitants of the building would be continuously moving in a spiral direction through the external building’s faç de in that way, not only momentaneous extensions but randomly placed, are going to be added or subtracted from each person’s cabin. 131
Persuit of balance. This workshop consisted on understunding the balanced and unbalanced situations in the city of Madrid. After a deep research we should find an area where to intervene with the objective of recinfigure it according to its neccesities and sourrindings. We worked with top down and bottom up processes studying the layouts of the city and the relation with the black and white tissue, public and private, etc.
The city as a BALANCED substance Additive versus Subtractive tissue
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Workshop Leader ANDREA DEPLAZES (professor full time ETH) Workshop Assistants Fernando Altozano Margarita Salmerรณn Work team Adolfo de la Torre - Mexico Mariana Sandoval - Mexico Project location Madrid, Spain Duration 9 days
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Inside the historic area of Madrid, next to the La Latina neighborhood, and placed in the southern direction of Palacio Real’s surroundings. We can find a physical boundary that starts to divide two different zones of the city. We not only have an existing wall there but an opportunity to merge the San Francisco area with the surrounding Madrid Rio eastern blocks.
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Top Down
Meeting at the middle
Bottom up
Finding connections
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First Approach Isometric
Section
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Both housing types take advantage of the two boundaries that already exist in this area of the city: the existing wall in the lower part of the terrain and the slope which divides the already mentioned. Both housing types take advantage of the two boundaries that already exist in this area of the city: the existing wall in the lower part of the terrain and the slope which divides the already mentioned.
General intervention plan
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Building 1. Horseshow
Detail floor plan unit
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Building 2. Stripes stairs
Detail floor plan unit
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Typical floor plan 2nd level duplex
Typical floor plan 1st level duplex
Section - facade 140
Typical floor plan 1st level duplex
Typical floor plan 2nd level duplex
Section - facade 141
Building 1. Horseshow
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Inte
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Building 2. Stripes stairs
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“Cheap, stupid, simple� The future affordable housing The task consisted on working in three different scales, from the urban context to the structure and facade, understanding the three different levels but in a strict correlation.
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Workshop Leader DIETMAR EBERLE (baumschlager eberle architekten) Workshop Assistant Jorge Sรณtelo Yasemin Yalcin-Chauca Work team Individual Duration 5 days
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This workshop had a unique structure. Every day, we had to deal with a different task in a different location in Madrid. When the daily tasks were completed, we had to choose the project of a colleague and move to the next challenge.
TASKS
Task 1: First volumetric approach This task was about one of the most common first approaches in architecture, imagining the first volumetric approach that reflects the intention and needs of a program, adding to its must needed respected coexistence with the surrounding context. In this specific case, the plot given is in Madrid’s area which was developed during the last part of the 19th-century and the beginnings of the 20th. In that way, we can speak about not a Mediviel Madrid nor a modern one, in that sense, we are talking about probably the first glimpses of a big city which were turning into a metropolis.
Task 2: Structure During this task, we were asked to propose a structural approach but now in a different plot, this time was in the newest part of the city. Let’s be clear about something, new not always mean easier or better, just different. Being where the newest housing developments are built, this proposal plans to give personality and strong character to the surrounding area, or at least to itself. Due to what is mentioned, this scheme intends to have not only its internal structure and slabs but a load-bearing façade, which not only will be a structural element of the building but also will be the one endowing of personality the latter. Task 3: Façade After discussing general shape and structure, in this task, we were commissioned to design a façade, just to be what it is, the “face” of the project. After the other two exercises, this façade pretends not only to be respectful to its surrounding context but to be a load-bearing one. In that sense it will not be just an envelope but a key part of the building’s structure.
Task 4: General development of the project of our preference (Plans, facades, etc.) After discussing general shape and structure, in this task, we were commissioned to design a façade, just to be what it is, the “face” of the project. After the other two exercises, this façade pretends not only to be respectful to its surrounding context but to be a load-bearing one. In that sense it will not be just an envelope but a key part of the building’s structure. 146
Site 1 La Latina neighborhood
LOCATIONS
Site 2 Palos de Moguer neighborhood
Location 1: Madrid’s city center. Location 2: Location that was developed during the last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Location 3: Area where the newest housing developments are built. Site 3 Arganzuela neighborhood
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Facade
Detail section
0.5
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BATHROOM
KITCHEN
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Plan
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Structure
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Typical floor plan
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TEXT
Specialty Seminar Sociology, economy and politics Credits 3.5 ECTS Leader Professors JesĂşs Leal and Daniel Sorando Duration 8 days
The dream of social housing Social peripheries 152
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, in article 1 states that “All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights” and in article 25, paragraph 1 also maintains that “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate to ensure, as well as his family, health and well-being, and especially food, clothing and housing”. This allows us to understand that, regardless of birthplace or our nationality, regardless of race, sex or social condition, human beings must be covered under certain essential parameters that include them socially and provide them with the basics to live in a dignified way and fair. Now, one of the most important areas that the psychologist Laura Pasca García describes in her master’s thesis entitled “The conception of housing and its objects”, readed at the Complutense University of Madrid in 2014, is precisely that this is required by the human being to feel protected, safe and covered. As well as to achieve numerous aspirations, motivations and personal values implicit in each person. This text focuses especially on vulnerable populations living in social interest (VIS) or priority (VIP) housing, which refers to a rental property in charge and/or owned by the STATE, of a non-profit organization, or a combination of both, generally with the aim of providing economic residence for the vulnerable population who cannot access to buy it on their own. Depending on the policies that each country manages, this translates into subsidies from the government, which are paid with the taxes paid by the taxpayers. To understand these concepts, it is necessary to put ourselves in context against what vulnerability means, understood as “the diminished capacity of a person or a group of people to anticipate, face and resist the effects of a natural hazard or caused by the activity human, and to recover from them. Vulnerability is almost always associated with poverty, but people living in isolation, insecurity and defenselessness are also vulnerable to risks, trauma or pressure.” -IFRC- Google sities Likewise, vulnerable populations or groups in a vulnerable situation are considered “..to population groups such as girls, boys and young people in street situations, migrants, people with disabilities, older adults and the indigenous population, etc. that have grown and taken root in our societies”. -IFRC- Google sities And finally, the term social vulnerability will be reviewed: “It also has to do with the type of relationships established between the population, which prevent common action, the emergence of leadership, the use of institutional resources, among others. Studies referring to how communities cope with disasters show that greater social cohesion, expressed in adequate community organization, and broad intersectoral participation, favor preventive action and mitigate the effects of disasters”. -Tipos de vulnerabilidad. KATHYTLANMIL – Google sities
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At the end of the 19th century, renovations of the urban centers of several capitals of the world began, including Paris, with Haussmann, who promoted a radical urban change, in opposition to what had been happening throughout history. This considers vulnerable populations as the residue of cities, so it locates them on the periphery, seeking to free these centers for the bourgeoisie and commerce, thus creating urban fragmentation, limiting social classes and establishing new centralities. With this he sends the problems and the difficult social conditions, to places where nobody has to bear them, more than, the people who live them. This model of city transformation is also identified in places such as Madrid (1887) and Rome (1894). - Ramón Lopéz Lucio “Ciudad y urbanismo a finales del S. XX”– 1993In turn, on the other side of the world, on the American continent, it did not happen differently; This is demonstrated by the Chilean architect Paula Kapstein López, in her doctoral thesis supported by ETSAM in 2010, entitled “Vulnerabilidad y perifera social “, how throughout history, the different Latin American governments chose not to study this problem social from an integrating perspective, that conceives it as part of the city and refers it to the urban fact. He also argues that from a conceptual point of view the term vulnerability is capable of combining all the aspects contained in its terminology; inclusion and demystification among them, which would allow governments to have a different perspective and rationale compared to the situation described, generating state policies for it. If from the conception of the leaders, the vulnerable populations do not belong. How to make them participate in the city?. In addition to the location within cities, a key point when talking about urban integration is the image, sequence and materiality that is given to social housing. Should the architectural language for this type of intervention be synonymous with precariousness? Jordi Sánchez-Cuenca Spanish architect, in his article “Arquitectura al servicio del poder” published in 2013, talks precisely about how designers think of solutions for social housing, and ties the concept of these proposals as “chabolismo vertical” . “Las chabolas ”, according to its text, have always been established as places where economically disadvantaged people live, who lack decent conditions to occupy, and make it impossible for the populations that live in them to connect with the rest of the city. Perhaps if these concepts were integrated from the design and they were seen as important elements in the immediate, neighborhood and urban environment that allowed the socio-economic divisions to be smaller, it would be possible for the different social groups to be incorporated in a progressive way, reducing the segregation and stigmatization of the people who inhabit these properties. Thus, in Santiago de Cali, a particularly interesting city, capital of the Valle del Cauca department, located in southern Colombia, with 2,471,474 million inhabitants (4,382.05 inhabitants/km²), which Like the previous examples, it has developed the urban model of “social peripheries”.
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In this city, today, one of the largest South American crime centers is consolidated in its limits and borders, impenetrable places for those who do not reside in them, with social problems such as intra-family violence, drug addiction and unemployment, which transcend the scales controllable by the government, and according to the declarations of the city mayor’s office, many times not even the police themselves can impart order. In 2019, it appeared in the number 31 position of the most violent cities in the world according to the study made by the Security and Justice Council of Mexico. What is interesting about this example is how geography, hydrography and natural conditions were key to locating and delimiting the characteristics of social stratification and shacks within the city. Cali develops longitudinally along a great valley, bordering on the west with the western massif that is part of the mountainous system that constitutes the great Andes mountain range, and on the east with the Cauca river, one of the most hydrographic sources important in Colombia. In this same way the social housing settlements arranged in this city were raised. The largest and most important, according to the latest study carried out by the Departmental Government, called the Agua Blanca District, is located on the riverbank and contains a large part of the interventions proposed and carried out for many years in the 20th century, as well as many of the invasions of formerly rural land, carried out by citizens as a result of not being able to cope with the high demand required. Currently it is inhabited by around 700,000 inhabitants, about 30% of the total population of the city. The second settlement is located in the west of the city, on the slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, called Síloe, which embraces and starts the road that connects the city with the sea - Pacific Ocean. Reaching another 15% of the total population of the city, the conditions of the latter are very similar to the former, with the difference that the construction develops with the risks of the natural terrain on the slope. The rest of the inhabitants are located in the north, center and south of the city, occupying strata 4, 5 and 6 (areas with high quality of life), and being strangled by these lateral settlements that develop that movements within The city must be developed in a conical way, avoiding as much as possible the exposure to insecurity that is generated in these areas. To understand the quality of social housing in the vast majority of Latin American cities, it is important to clarify that the economic resources available to it are extremely limited. While in 2019 in Colombia, the minimum salary of a person was $ 828,116 thousand Colombian pesos, which is equivalent to € 197 on average, the maximum value of a Social Interest (VIS) home was $ 112,000,000 million pesos. Colombians equivalent to approximately € 26,714 at today’s exchange rate. This highlights the high value of the properties, how complex it can be accessible to them, and at the same time the few options that low-income people have to finance purchases of this type. In addition to the above, it is clear that these homes are tied to partial aircraft policies designed with outdated 19th century methodologies, in which little money is invested to investigate new and better ways of addressing these issues. 155
At this point, it seems that the reflection is focused on understanding that by detaching the social development projects from the urban perimeter and taking them to the periphery, a successful solution is not obtained that achieves a consistent and tied urban and social fabric. Counteracting with this reality, if one were to think about dismantling these neighborhoods and areas of concentrated development and, one would try to begin to distribute these homes throughout the cities, allowing these groups of people to adhere to social dynamics existing. Generating social impact plans that facilitate the adaptation of the new with what already exists, perhaps, in this way we would begin to think more about union and adaptation and less about segregation and dissociation. To achieve this objective, it seems reasonable to think that architecture must begin to respond to the new need posed, to that intention to tie social and cultural realities; The design of these homes should start proposing solutions that go beyond the simple 50m2 rectangle as a minimum home for a family, as they are currently being built in Colombia. This must provide comfortable, comfortable and suitable spaces for the people who are going to inhabit it. Even more than that, you must understand that these projects are equal to or more important than private ones, because with them immediate socio-cultural realities are transformed, possibilities are provided to populations that have always been segregated, and most importantly, a city status as it should always have been: incorporating and making it visible to adapt it to the urban context. Now, with the objective of modifying this pattern of urban operation that has been repeating itself since the restructuring of cities in the 19th century, it would be convenient to select the lots and spaces where these projects should ideally be and, try to take out public tenders their designs, to the extent that architects with new, fresh and innovative ideas are allowed to take an interest in developing these interventions. They will yield results more in line with the possibilities available, and not only with responses to functional solutions for a minimum dwelling. Across the Atlantic, in the capital of Spain, Madrid, with a population of 6,642,000 million inhabitants, an interesting phenomenon has happened to name in an area of urban development within the city: the Carabanchel neighborhood, located to the south of this metropolis, which although it has had multiple approaches in terms of social interventions, most of them integrated in the Pau de Carabanchel, as the development center of this area of the city is called, allow a new neighborhood format, some of a social nature, and others private, well called “La Moraleja del Sur�. Partial plans accepted and adapted since the 1990s that have been progressively developed and bringing a new dignified condition to what was previously housing for the working class.
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Now, with the objective of modifying this pattern of urban operation that has been repeating itself since the restructuring of cities in the 19th century, it would be convenient to select the lots and spaces where these projects should ideally be and, try to take out public tenders their designs, to the extent that architects with new, fresh and innovative ideas are allowed to take an interest in developing these interventions. They will yield results more in line with the possibilities available, and not only with responses to functional solutions for a minimum dwelling. Across the Atlantic, in the capital of Spain, Madrid, with a population of 6,642,000 million inhabitants, an interesting phenomenon has happened to name in an area of urban development within the city: the Carabanchel neighborhood, located to the south of this metropolis, which although it has had multiple approaches in terms of social interventions, most of them integrated in the Pau de Carabanchel, as the development center of this area of the city is called, allow a new neighborhood format, some of a social nature, and others private, well called “La Moraleja del Sur�. Partial plans accepted and adapted since the 1990s that have been progressively developed and bringing a new dignified condition to what was previously housing for the working class. Finally, it seems that all this evil has to do with education and the current system in force. If the human being understands that distancing or social ranks, they are only mental paradigms that have been historically implanted, following a collective imagery since the times of slavery, and that give a biased vision of sharing a space. What would happen if people of different social characteristics are contained within the same building? Just like life in general, social differences have been framed by multiple models that have historically been passed down from generation to generation. How we should behave, who we should live with, who we should have as a neighbor, what is the ideal place to live and how the neighborhood where you have your home says a lot about you. But in the end, all of the above is nothing more than a language that with education and a social approach can be transformed into inclusion and urban mooring. The day that society manages to get rid of the social peripheries, the barrier of the last 1000 years of history, of the current reality and of what is coming in the near future with the projects already approved by the current governments, will have been crossed. . To achieve this, you need more political and social awareness and fewer architects thinking about production. On the contrary, more architects focused on meeting the housing needs of large groups and the construction of the city and the habitat.
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MCH PORTFOLIO by Juan Esteban Duque Mora Published by: Juan Esteban Duque Mora Copyright © Juan Esteban Duque Mora, 2020 Original ideas and works produced by MCH2020 alumni. Transcriptions, editing, proofreading, indexing, book design and typesetting by the author Printed in Madrid, November 2020
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