colors &symbols
additive colors
subtractive colors
Thomas Young was the first who proposed that all colors are made up of three basic colors. Three basic colors are Red, Blue, Green, In short RGB. Colors are derived from spectrum of white light. There are some receptive retina which act as lense and disperse white light into different colors of light with different wavelength. Color of an object depends on the property of material. Their properties are light reflection, light refraction, light absorption, emission spectra. Colors are normally defined by their coordinate space. In technology and education study of color is called chromatography and color its self is called chromatics.The rainbow colors in the spectrum are called spectrum colors.These color was first identified by Sir Isaac Newton. These spectral colors contains all those colors which can also be produces by white light. These colors are called spectral color or monochromatic colors.
Color of an object depend upon the nature of material of that objects. Like how much they reflect light. Color of an object also depends on the nature of perceiving device. Like our eye perceive reflected light coming from that object which we are viewing. Aristotle one of the brilliant scientist in the history wrote about color vision and changing nature of light. Newton Proposed that time that light is a form of energy. Colors are produced from light so if you want to know about basics of color you should have idea of light properties like refraction reflection diffraction. Besides properties of objects color is also determined by the cell in human eye named as retina. Which refracts different wavelength of light with different angles in the eye.
The cell which refracts color are also called cones. There are three different types of cones like three different types of basic colors.One type of cones are
01
RED
RED
THE MEANING Red is the color of fire and blood, so it is associated with energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love. Strong emotions from blood to love and passion. Used in logo design to grip the viewer’s attention and has been known to raise one’s blood pressure or make people hungry. Action, adventure, blood, danger,drive. Red is a very emotionally intense color. It enhances human metabolism, increases respiration rate, and raises blood pressure. It has very high visibility, which is why stop signs, stoplights, and fire equipment are usually painted red. In heraldry, red is used to indicate courage. It is a color found in many national flags.
Red brings text and images to the foreground. Use it as an accent color to stimulate people to make quick decisions; it is a perfect color for ‘Buy Now’ or ‘Click Here’ buttons on Internet banners and websites. In advertising, red is often used to evoke erotic feelings (red lips, red nails, red-light districts, ‘Lady in Red’. Red is widely used to indicate danger (high voltage signs, traffic lights). This color is also commonly associated with energy, so you can use it when promoting energy drinks, games, cars, items related to sports and high physical activity. Red is a very vibrant and powerful color that can control people in many different ways.
Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet.[3] It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength of roughly 620–740 nm. Red is one of the additive primary colors of light, along with green and blue, which in RGB color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen. It is also one of the subtractive primary colors, along with yellow and blue, of the RYB color space and traditional color wheel used by painters and artists. Reds can vary in shade from very light pink to very dark maroon or burgundy; and in hue from the bright orange-red scarlet or vermilion to the bluish-red crimson.Red was widely used in prehistoric cave art, made with red hematite or iron oxide, or red ochre. Early civilizations in China, the Middle East and Europe made red dyes from the madder plant or from the a tiny insect called the kermes vermilio, Civilizations in the Americas made brilliant reds from another scale insect, the cochineal, Ancient Chinese artists during the Han Dynasty used dye from the madder plant to color silk and pigments from lead oxide to color pottery. In ancient Rome red symbolized blood and courage; Roman soldiers wore red tunics, and generals wore a scarlet cloak, and had their bodies painted completely in red during ceremonial triumphs. It also sometimes represented sin; the Book of Revelation described the ‘’scarlet whore of Babylon.” In the Middle Ages, red was the color of majesty; it was the color of the banners of the Byzantine Empire, and the Emperor Charlemagne painted his palace red and wore red shoes as symbol of his authority. In Christianity it represented the blood of Christ and the Christian
martyrs; in 1295 it became the color worn by Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. Merchants and ordinary people wore clothing dyed with madder at celebrations. Nobles and merchants wore the more intense red made with Kermes. In the 16th century, Spanish merchants began to import cochineal into Europe, which made an even more brilliant red; it became the fashion color of the aristocracy. Red also played an important role in the culture of Imperial China. In Chinese philosophy, red represented fire, one of the five elements, During the Zhou, Han, Jin, Song and Ming Dynasties, red was considered a noble color, and it was featured in all court ceremonies, from coronations to sacrificial offerings, and weddings. The gates of imperial palaces were usually painted red. Chinese artisans used the mineral cinnebar to produce the famous vermilion or “Chinese red” color of Chinese lacquerware.[4] During the French Revolution, some of the revolutionaries began to wear a red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap, modeled after the caps worn by freed slaves in Ancient Rome, and to carry red flags. In the mid-19th century, red became the color of a new political and social movement, socialism. It became the color of the worker’s movement, of the French Revolution of 1848, of the Paris Commune in 1870, and of socialist parties across Europe. In 1826 the organic compound alizarin, the coloring ingredient of madder, was discovered and in 1848 it was synthesized; it was cheaper and made a more lasting color, and quickly replaced natural vegetables. dyes. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the German chemical industry invented two new synthetic red
seeing red causes people to react faster and more forcefully.
colors in culture
western
eastern
china
Red is the color of energy, excitement, action, danger, love, passion, a warning to stop, anger, Christmas combined with green, Valentine’s Day.
Red is the color of prosperity, good fortune, worn by brides, symbol of joy when combined with white.
Red is the color of good luck and celebration, happiness, long life, used in many ceremonies from funerals to weddings, traditionally worn on Chinese New Year to bring luck.
thailand india Red is the color of purity, fertility, love, beauty, wealth, opulence, power, used in wedding ceremonies, a sign of a married woman, also color of fear and fire.
cherokees Red is the color of success and triumph.
hebrew Red is the color of sacrifice and sin.
Red is the color for Sunday.
russia south africa Red is the color of mourning.
Red is associated with the Bolsheviks and Communism, means beautiful in Russian language, often used in marriage ceremonies.
christian Red is the color of sacrifice, passion, and love.
japan Red is the color of life, anger, and danger.
nigeria Red is usually reserved for ceremonies, worn by chiefs.
02 BLU E
ORANGE
THE MEANING
Orange combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow. It is associated with joy, sunshine, and the tropics. Orange represents enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement, and stimulation. To the human eye, orange is a very hot color, so it gives the sensation of heat. Nevertheless, orange is not as aggressive as red. Orange increases oxygen supply to the brain, produces an invigorating effect, and stimulates mental activity. It is highly accepted among young people.
As a citrus color, orange is associated with healthy food and stimulates appetite. Orange is the color of fall and harvest. In heraldry, orange is symbolic of strength and endurance. Orange has very high visibility, so you can use it to catch attention and highlight the most important elements of your design. Orange is very effective for promoting food products and toys.
Orange is the colour of saffron, carrots, pumpkins and apricots. It is between red and yellow on the spectrum of light, and in the traditional colour wheel used by painters. Its name is derived from the orange fruit. In Europe and America, orange is commonly associated with amusement, the unconventional, extroverts, fire, activity, danger, taste and aroma, the autumn season, and Protestantism. In Asia, it is an important symbolic colour of Buddhism and Hinduism. In ancient Egypt, artists used an orange mineral pigment called realgar for tomb paintings, as well as other uses. It was also used later by Medieval artists for the colouring of manuscripts. Pigments were also made in ancient times from a mineral known as orpiment. Orpiment was an important item of trade in the Roman Empire and was used as a medicine in China although it contains arsenic and is highly toxic. It was also used as a fly poison and to poison arrows. Because of its yellow-orange colour, it was also a favourite with alchemists searching for a way to make gold, both in China and the West. Before the late 15th century, the colour orange existed in Europe, but without the name; it was simply called yellowred. Portuguese merchants brought the first orange trees to Europe from Asia in the late 15th and early 16th century, along with the Sanskrit naranga, which gradually became “orange” in English. In parts of Germany, the Netherlands, and Russia, the orange fruit was and is still called the Chinese apple. The House of Orange-Nassau was one of the most influential royal houses in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. It originated in 1163 the tiny Principality of Orange, a feudal state of 108 square miles north of Avignon in southern France. The principality of Orange took its name not from the fruit, but from a Roman-Celtic settlement on the site which was founded in 36 or 35 BC and was named Arausio, after a Celtic water god.[10]
The family of the Prince of Orange eventually adopted the name and the colour orange. The colour came to be associated with Protestantism, due to participation by the House of Orange on the Protestant side in the French Wars of Religion. One member of the House, William I of Orange, organized the Dutch resistance against Spain, a war that lasted for eighty years, until the Netherlands won its independence. Another member, William III of Orange, became King of England in 1689, after the downfall of the Catholic James II. Due to William III, orange became an important political colour in Britain and Europe. William was a Protestant, and as such he defended the Protestant minority of Ireland against the majority Roman Catholic population. As a result, the Protestants of Ireland were known as Orangemen. Orange eventually became one of the colours of the Irish flag, symbolizing the Protestant heritage. When the Dutch settlers of South Africa rebelled against the British in the late 19th century, they organized what they called the Orange Free State. In the United States, the flag of the City of New York has an orange stripe, to remember the Dutch colonists who founded the city. William of Orange is also remembered as the founder of William and Mary College, and Nassau County in New York is named after the House of Orange-Nassau. In the 18th century, orange was sometimes used to depict the robes of Pomona, the goddess of fruitful abundance; her name came from the pomon, the Latin word for fruit. Oranges themselves became more common in northern Europe, thanks to the 17th century invention of the heated greenhouse, a building type which became known as an orangerie. The French artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard depicted an allegorical figure of “inspiration” dressed in orange.
least favorite color
Orange is viewed as women’s least favorite color. 26% of all participants considered the color orange to be “cheap” or
33%
“inexpensive” in another experiment.
colors in culture
western
eastern
thailand
Orange is the color of affordable or inexpensive items, Halloween, combined with black.
Orange is the color of happiness and spirituality.
Orange is the color for Thursday.
hinduism netherlands
ireland Orange is a religious color for Protestants, appears on the Irish flag along with white for peace and green for Catholics.
Orange is the color of the Dutch Royal Family.
Orange is considered an auspicious and sacred color.
recent discovery shows that colors affect the way we taste food. for instance, an orange or creme-colored cup makes chocolate taste better than in any other cup with a different color.
03
YELLOW
THE MEANING
Yellow is the color of sunshine. It’s associated with joy, happiness, intellect, and energy.Yellow produces a warming effect, arouses cheerfulness, stimulates mental activity, and generates muscle energy. Yellow is often associated with food. Bright, pure yellow is an attention getter, which is the reason taxicabs are painted this color. When overused, yellow may have a disturbing effect; it is known that babies cry more in yellow rooms. Yellow is seen before other colors when placed against black; this combination is often used to issue a warning. In heraldry, yellow indicates honor and loyalty. Later the meaning of yellow was connected with cowardice.
Use yellow to evoke pleasant, cheerful feelings. You can choose yellow to promote children’s products and items related to leisure. Yellow is very effective for attracting attention, so use it to highlight the most important elements of your design. Men usually perceive yellow as a very lighthearted, ‘childish’ color, so it is not recommended to use yellow when selling prestigious, expensive products to men – nobody will buy a yellow business suit or a yellow Mercedes. Yellow is an unstable and spontaneous color, so avoid using yellow if you want to suggest stability and safety. Light yellow tends to disappear into white, so it usually needs a dark color to highlight it. Shades of yellow are visually unappealing because they loose cheerfulness and become dingy.
Yellow is the color of gold, butter, and ripe lemons.[2] In the spectrum of visible light, and in the traditional color wheel used by painters, yellow is found between green and orange. It is a primary color in subtractive color. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, yellow is the color people most often associate with amusement, optimism, gentleness, and spontaneity, but also with duplicity, envy, jealousy and avarice. It plays an important role in Asian culture, particularly in China, where it is seen as the color of happiness, glory, wisdom, harmony and culture. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, yellow became firmly established as the color of Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Jesus Christ, even though the Bible never describes his clothing.
From this connection, yellow also took on associations with envy, jealousy and duplicity. The tradition began in the Renaissance of marking non-Christian outsiders, such as Jews, with the color yellow. In 16th century Spain, those accused of heresy and who refused to renounce their views were compelled to come before the Spanish Inquisition dressed in a yellow cape. The 18th and 19th century saw the discovery and manufacture of synthetic pigments and dyes, which quickly replaced the traditional yellows made from arsenic, cow urine, and other substances. Circa 1776 Jean-Honoré Fragonard painted A Young Girl Reading. She is dressed in a bright saffron yellow dress. This painting is “considered by many critics to be among Fragonard’ masterly.
colors in culture
western
india
middle east
Yellow is the color of happiness, joy, hope, cowardice, caution, warning of hazards and hazardous substances.
Yellow is sacred and auspicious, the sumbol of a merchant.
Orange is the color of happiness and prosperity.
thailand
japan Orange is the color of courage, beauty and refinement, aristocracy, and cheerfulness.
Yellow is sacred, imperial, royalty, honor, masculine.
Yellow is considered auspicious as the bright yellow flower “cassia fistula” is a national symbol, represents Buddhism, considered the royal color, the color of Monday which is the King’s birthday.
thailand
egypt
Yellow is considered auspicious as the bright yellow flower “cassia fistula” is a national symbol, represents Buddhism, considered the royal color, the color of Monday which is the King’s birthday.
Yellow is the color of mourning.
eastern Yellow is sacred and imperial.
china
europe Orange is the color of happiness, joy, cowardice, weakness, hazard warning.
france burma Orange is the color of mourning.
israel Orange is used to label Jews in the Middle Ages.
Orange is the color of jealousy.
yellow is one of the most appetizing colors. fast food places like mcdonald’s or burger king, and many other restaurants wear this color scheme.
04
GREEN
THE MEANING
Green is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility. Green has strong emotional correspondence with safety. Dark green is also commonly associated with money. Green has great healing power. It is the most restful color for the human eye; it can improve vision. Green suggests stability and endurance. Sometimes green denotes lack of experience; for example, a ‘greenhorn’ is a novice. In heraldry, green indicates growth and hope.
Green, as opposed to red, means safety; it is the color of free passage in road traffic. Use green to indicate safety when advertising drugs and medical products. Green is directly related to nature, so you can use it to promote ‘green’ products. Dull, darker green is commonly associated with money, the financial world, banking, and Wall Street.
Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States.[5] It is the most important color in Islam. It was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise.[6] It is also often associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland, and is a color of the flag of Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement. Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products. The word green comes from the Middle English and Old English word grene, which, like the German word grün, has the same root as the words grass and grow.[7] It is from a Common Germanic *gronja-, which is also reflected in Old Norse grænn, Old High German gruoni (but unattested in East Germanic), ultimately from a PIE root *ghre- “to grow”, and root-cognate with grass and to grow.[8] The first recorded use of the word as a color term in Old English dates to ca. AD 700.[9] Latin with viridis also has a genuine and widely used term for “green”. Related to virere “to grow” and ver “spring”, it gave rise to words in several Romance languages, French vert, Italian verde
Green is the color between blue and yellow on the spectrum of visible light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm. In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words “grass” and “grow”.[1] It is the color of living grass and leaves[2][3] and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature.[4] By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content. In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, youth, spring, hope and envy. [4] In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death, sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed
colors in culture
western
thailand
middle east
Green is a lucky color, spring new birth, regeneration, nature, and environmental awareness, ‘go’ at the traffic lights, Saint Patrick’s Day, Christmas combined with red, jealousy, greed.
Green is the color for Wednesday.
Green is the color of Islam, strength, fertility, and luck.
japan Green is the color for eternal life, youthfulness, and freshness.
saudi arabia Green is the color of wealth and prestige.
indonesia eastern
Green is a forbidden color.
Green is the color of new life, regeneration and hope, fertility.
Green is the color of death.
ireland china Green is the color of new life, regeneration and hope, fertility, disgrace, exorcism, not good for packaging.
Green is a religious color for Irish Catholics, color symbol of Ireland- the Emerald Isle.
north africa india Green is the color of Islam, hope, new beginnings, harvest, virtue.
south america
Green is the color for corruption and the drug culture.
suicides dropped by 34% when london’s blackfriar bridge was painted green.
BL ACK 05 05
BLUE
THE MEANING
Blue is the color of the sky and sea. It is often associated with depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is strongly associated with tranquility and calmness. In heraldry, blue is used to symbolize piety and sincerity. You can use blue to promote products and services related to cleanliness (water purification filters, cleaning liquids, vodka), air and sky (airlines, airports, air conditioners), water and sea (sea voyages, mineral water).
Use blue to suggest precision when promoting high-tech products. Blue is a masculine color; according to studies, it is highly accepted among males. Dark blue is associated with depth, expertise, and stability; it is a preferred color for corporate America. Avoid using blue when promoting food and cooking, because blue suppresses appetite. When used together with warm colors like yellow or red, blue can create high-impact, vibrant designs; for example, blue-yellow-red is a perfect color scheme for a superhero.
favorite color between men and women
35%
women
Both males and females like the color blue, which receives favor with 35% of females respondents and more than HALF of the male respondents. Blue is such a popular color because Blue is universally associated with clean water, clear skies, authority, truth, tranquility, etc-making it a perennial favorite among all age groups and genders.
57%
men
colors in culture
western
japan
egypt
Blue is the color of trust and authority, conservative, corporate, peace and calm, depression, sadness, masculine color, baby boys.
Blue is the color of everyday life
Blue is the color of virtue and protectition to ward off evil.
eastern
thailand
Blue is the color of immortality.
Blue is the color for Friday.
iran
china
mexico
Blue is the color of mourning, heaven and spirituality, immortality.
Blue is the color of immortality, associated with pornography and blue films, feminine color.
Blue is the color of mourning, trust, serenity.
korea Blue is the color of mourning.
colombia Blue is associated with soap.
cherokees india Blue is the color of Lord Krishna, national sports color.
Blue is the color of defeat, trouble.
40% of people chose blue as there favorite color
06
PURPLE
THE MEANING
Purple combines the stability of blue and the energy of red. Purple is associated with royalty. It symbolizes power, nobility, luxury, and ambition. It conveys wealth and extravagance. Purple is associated with wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic. Light purple is a good choice for a feminine design. You can use bright purple when promoting children’s products. According to surveys, almost 75 percent of pre-adolescent children prefer purple to all other colors. Purple is a very rare color in nature; some people consider it to be artificial.
Purple is a range of hues of color occurring between red and blue.[1][2] The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as a deep, rich shade between crimson and violet.[3] Purple is positively associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.[4] When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism and seduction.[5] Purple was the color worn by Roman Emperors and magistrates, and later by Roman Catholic bishops. The word ‘purple’ comes from the Old English word purpul which derives from the Latin purpura, in turn from the Greek πορφύρα (porphura).
The first recorded use of the word ‘purple’ in the English language was in the year 975 AD.[9] In heraldry, the word purpure is used for purple. [10] Varieties and uses of purple In the traditional color wheel used by painters, violet and purple are both placed between red and blue. Purple occupies the space closer to red, between crimson and violet.[3] Violet is closer to blue, and is usually less intense and bright than purple.
However, the system is capable of approximating it due to the fact that the L-cone (red cone) in the eye is uniquely sensitive to two different discontinuous regions in the visible spectrum – its primary region being the long wavelength light of the yellow-red region of the spectrum, and a secondary smaller region overlapping with the S-cone (blue cone) in the shortest wavelength, violet part.[15]
While the two colors look similar, from the point of view of optics there are important differences. Violet is a spectral color – it occupies its own place at the end of the spectrum of light first identified by Newton in 1672, and it has its own wavelength (approximately 380–420 nm) – whereas purple is a combination of two spectral colors, red and blue. There is no such thing as the “wavelength of purple light”; it only exists as a combination. Monochromatic violet light cannot be produced by the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color system. Monochromatic violet light cannot be produced by the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color system, the method used to create colors on a television screen or computer display (a fact that is, indeed, true of any monochromatic color of the spectrum besides the shades of red, green, and blue
This means that when violet light strikes the eye, the S-cone should be stimulated strongly, and the L-cone stimulated weakly along with it. By lighting the red primary of the display weakly along with the blue primary, a relatively similar pattern of sensitization can be achieved, creating an illusion, the sensation of extremely short wavelength light using what is in fact mixed light of two longer wavelengths. The resulting color has the same hue as pure violet; however, it has a lower saturation. One curious psychophysical difference between purple and violet is their appearance with an increase in luminance (apparent brightness). Violet, as it brightens, looks more and more blue. The same effect does not happen with purple. This is the result of what is known as the Bezold–Br
While the scientific definitions of violet and purple are clear, the cultural definitions are more varied. The color known in antiquity as Tyrian purple ranged from crimson to a deep bluish-purple, depending upon how it was made. In France, purple is defined as “a dark red, inclined toward violet.”[16] The color called purple by the French, pourpre, contains more red and half the amount of blue of the color called purple in the United States and the U.K. In German, this color is sometimes called Purpurrot (“purple-red”) to avoid confusion.[17 Purple was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. The artists of Pech Merle cave and other Neolithic sites in France used sticks of manganese and hematite powder to draw and paint animals and the outlines of their own hands on the walls of their caves. These works have been dated to between 16,000 and 25,000 BC.[18] As early as the 15th century BC the citizens of Sidon and Tyre, two cities on the coast of Ancient Phoenicia, (present day Lebanon), were producing purple dye from a sea snail called the spiny dye-murex. Clothing colored with the Tyrian dye was mentioned in both the Iliad of Homer and the Aeneid of Virgil.[19] The deep, rich purple dye made from this snail became known.
purple is always associated with royalty.
colors in culture
western
japan
european
Purple is the color of royalty, spirtuality, wealth and fame, high ranking positions of authority, military honor.
Purple is the color of privilege and wealth.
Purple is the color of royalty.
catholicism thailand
eastern Purple is the color of wealth.
Purple is the color of mourning for widows, color for Saturday.
india
brazil
Purple is the color of sorrow and comfort.
Purple is the color of death,mourning.
Purple is the color of mourning, death, and crucifixion.
07
PINK
THE MEANING This color represents compassion, nurturing and love. It relates to unconditional love and understanding, and the giving and receiving of nurturing. A combination of red and white, pink contains the need for action of red, helping it to achieve the potential for success and insight offered by white. It is the passion and power of red softened with the purity, openness and completeness of white. The deeper the pink, the more passion it exhibits.
Pink is feminine and romantic, affectionate and intimate, thoughtful and caring. It tones down the physical passion of red replacing it with a gentle loving energy. Pink is intuitive and insightful, showing tenderness and kindness with its empathy and sensitivity. In color psychology, pink is a sign of hope. It is a positive color inspiring warm and comforting feelings, a sense that everything will be okay.
Pink is a pale red color, which takes its name from the flower of the same name.[2][3] According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is positively associated with love, beauty, charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity, and the romantic. When combined with violet or black, it is associated with eroticism and seduction.[4] Pink was first used as a color name in the late 17th century. The color pink is named after the flowers called pinks, flowering plants in the genus
Dianthus. The name derives from the frilled edge of the flowers—the verb “to pink” dates from the 14th century and means “to decorate with a perforated or punched pattern” (possibly from German pinken, “to peck”).[6] While the word “pink” was first used as a noun to refer to a color in the 17th century, the verb “pink” continues to be reflected today in the name of those hand-held scissors that cut a zig-zagged line referred to as pinking shears. The color pink has been described in literature since ancient times. In the Odyssey, written in approximately 800 BCE, Homer wrote “Then, when the child of morning,
colors in culture
western
belgium
korea
Pink is the color of caring, nuturing, love, romance, feminine.
Pink is the color for baby girls.
Pink is the color of trust.
japan eastern Pink is the color of feminine.
Pink is well-liked by both males and females.
europe
thailand
Pink is the color of feminine, baby girls.
Pink is the color for Tuesday.
pink is the palliative color. it supresses anger and anxiety
20%
of prisons paint their walls pink.
08
BROWN
THE MEANING
The color brown is a serious, down-to-earth color signifying stability, structure and support. Relating to the protection and support of the family unit, with a keen sense of duty and responsibility, brown takes its obligations seriously. It encourages a strong need for security and a sense of belonging, with family and friends being of utmost importance. In the meaning of colors, brown is the color of material security and the accumulation of material possessions.
The color brown relates to quality in everything - a comfortable home, the best food and drink and loyal companionship. It is a color of physical comfort, simplicity and quality. From a negative perspective it can also give the impression of cheapness and stinginess in certain circumstances. Brown is friendly and approachable. It is loyal, trustworthy and dependable in a practical and realistic way.
Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.[1] It is a composite color; in printing or painting, it is made by combining red, black and yellow,[2][3] or red, yellow and blue.[4] In the RGB color model used to make colors on television screens and computer monitors, it is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions. The color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, and human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation. In Europe and the United States, it is the color most often associated with plainness, humility, the rustic, and poverty. It is also, according to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, the least favorite color of the public.
least favorite color between men and women
Brown is viewed as the least favorite color. As research shows, it’s likely because elements such as personal prefer-
27%
ence, experiences, upbringing, cultural differences, context, etc., often muddy the effect individual colors have on us.
men
colors in culture
western
india
Brown is the color of down-to-earth, practical, comfortable, stable, dependable, wholesome.
Brown is the color of mourning.
nicaragua Brown is the color of disapproval.
china Brown is the color of earth.
brown is associate the american choco “hershey’s” uses a as it’s trademark c brown is automatic with
ed with chocolate. olate company rich brown shade company color. cally associated
09
BLACK
THE MEANING Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery. Black is a mysterious color associated with fear and the unknown (black holes). It usually has a negative connotation (blacklist, black humor, ‘black death’). Black denotes strength and authority; it is considered to be a very formal, elegant, and prestigious color (black tie, black Mercedes). In heraldry, black is the symbol of grief.
Black gives the feeling of perspective and depth, but a black background diminishes readability. A black suit or dress can make you look thinner. When designing for a gallery of art or photography, you can use a black or gray background to make the other colors stand out. Black contrasts well with bright colors. Combined with red or orange – other very powerful colors – black gives a very aggressive color.
colors in culture
western
india
middle east
Black is the color of power, control, intimidation, funerals, death, mourning, and rebellion.
Black is the color of evil, negativity, darkness, lack of appeal, anger and apathy, used to ward off evil.
Black is the color of evil and mystery.
africa Black is the color of age and wisdom.
eastern
thailand
Black is the color of wealth, health, and prosperity.
Black is the color of unhappiness, bad luck, and evil.
china
judaism
Black is the color of mystery and the night, may be associated with feminine energy-either evil and a threat or
Black is the color for young boys.
Black is the color of unhappiness, evil
provocative and alluring.
japan
B LACK I S THE C O LO R O F EV I L , H EAV I N ESS , N I G H T, AN D WI TC HC RA F T
color blindness
Red Green Color Blndness Red Green Color blindness is predominantly found only in men. The gene that leads to red green color blindness is found in the X Chromosome. Males only have one X chromosome whereas females have 2; typically in females the stronger chromosome takes precedence so they retain correct vision. The son of a woman carrying a faulty gene has a 50% chance of inheriting the faulty X chromosome and as a result – suffering from color blindness. The daughter of the same woman is unlikely to be color blind unless her father is color blind; however she retains a 50% chance of being a carrier for the defective gene. Developed Color Blindness Whilst almost all color blindness is inherited, infrequently a change in the chromosome during early development can cause color blindness. Various injuries involving trauma to the eye, and even some diseases can also cause color blindness to develop in a person of any age.
Color Blindness by Nationality One might expect the percentage of affected people to be relatively constant in all countries however this is far from the truth. In most Caucasian societies up to 1 in 10 men suffer, however only 1 in 100 Eskimos are color blind. There is no solid proof as to the cause of this however it is logical to assume that less of the ‘original Eskimos’ carried the defective gene, so the likelihood of it infecting the gene pool was quite a lot lower.
RED-GREEN (OVERALL)
MEN
7-10%
WOMEN
RED-GREEN (CAUCASIANS)
8% RED-GREEN (ASIANS)
5% RED-GREEN (AFRICANS)
4%
Cataracts As mentioned elsewhere on this website, cataracts are not a form of color blindness, so you won’t see them in the table below. Cataracts are a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye, and have the effect to dull colors, and blur vision. It is not common to mistake someone with cataracts as someone who is color blind, as color blindness normally becomes apparent early in life, whereas cataracts don’t usually form until ones senior years. However if you are unsure, you can take the free online tests available on this website in the menu on the left to find out now.The Below table displays the percentage of men and women suffering the different forms of color blindness.
Cataract Symptoms As a cataract strengthens, vision quality will be compromised in a few ways. A person will lose sensitivity to color contrast causing contours, shadows, and colors in general to become less vivid. A cataract scatters light as it enters the eye, causing a veiling glare over someone’s vision. Early signs of cataracts are typically seeing a halo around bright lights at night – for example street lights when driving. The degradation of vision as a result of cataracts quickly becomes quite prominent, but if you are unsure you should undertake a contrast sensitivity test, and if a loss in sensitivity is detected – visit an eye specialist as early detection is always favourable.
Some people believe cataracts to be a form of color blindness, but they are not. Cataracts are a clouding that develops on the crystalline lens of the eye, and the effect is to cloud vision. Color vibrancy is definitely reduced with cataracts, hence the common misconception that it is a form of color blindness.
Color vibrancy is definitely reduced with cataracts, hence the common misconception that it is a form of color blindness. However along with vibrancy, clarity is also reduced in line with symptoms of short sightedness etc. Rather than a genetic mutation of a gene or a defect in the shape or structure of the eye, cataracts are instead a disease that disables correct vision by obscuring incoming light waves.
Mcdonalds
Fed Ex
Best Buy
Starbucks
Pepsi
Taco Bell
Baskin Robbins
favorite colors between men and women 2%
57%
men 6%
23% 35%
5%
14% 9%
7% women 6%
9% 14%