TOMB
Byzantine
How does the geometry of architecture represented in plan, section and elevation refer to functional and aesthic approach to a building?
Egyptian Hypostyle Hall
Progression!
HALL PLAN
BASILICAL PLAN
Cavea
CIVIC PURPOSE
Cross in Square/ Quincunx
Theatre
OTHERS
Market PLAZA
Meeting Hall
Objective 1. GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION-
Byzantine
Ceiling of throne room in the comares palace Representation of the human form is forbidden in islamic religious building But geometrcial design designs are commonplace
PLAN / SECTION / ELEVATION
HYBRID
RESIDENTIALS Representation
Horizontal Layout of Building
reflection
Circulation
Vertical Layout of Building
Geometry
expression
Greek Square Hall
Detail and Meaning
Purpose
2. FUNCTIONAL APPROACH - PLAN, SECTION Political , Religious, Civic Space reflected in: Mesoptamia, Ancient Egypt,Babylon, Assyria, Persia,Early and Classical India Classical Japan, Pre-Columbian Pre-classical, Ancient Greece Ancient Rome, Early Christian Byzantine, Islamic Romanesque Gothic,Renaissance Baroque and Rocco Modern
Qubba, Al- barubiyyin, Marrakech, Morocco 1000CE
E C
0 0
0 2
Lingaraj Temple Bhubaneshwar Orissa India 1000CE Kalinga architecture
ca medic ea Michela Laurenziana ngelo 1524 Firenze
Saint
Basils C 1555 athedral -6 Mosc 1 ow
Durham Cathedral Gothic Style United Kingdom 1093 CE
ta, Mu asty, yn E C oD Lia 1000
Perpendicular Plan
16
Byodoin Kyoto japan 1053CE
y Abbe Cluny entury C 11th K U
00
CE
za rago f Za ría o entury e f a Alj 1th C za 1 go Zara
le mp Te a r a ing dia d L In 0CE 0 an 10 sa
RECTANGULAR
CRUCIFORM PLAN
va
e dahd u Ma dariy mple te Khan India CE 1025
CE
15
Detail Surface
King’s collage Chapel
Bibliote
Madrasa al-Firdaws
00
3. AESTHETIC APPROACH ELEVATION
Monasterio San Lorenzo del Escorial J.Battista de Toledo 1563-85
Il Gesu (facade) Giacomo della Porta 1573-84 Roma
is
ch
ry e nc re Flo of aly D It 8A 2 11
Symmetrical
phia Hagia So Istanbul Turk ey 537C E
me
ita l sq ui, 14 Fou 1 n Flo 9-1 dlin re 444 g H nc os e p
kin Do
Pump
THEATER
Te
m
ch
Chur
ft
olou an T Fuji hina C 9 CE 155
60
Para
0C
E
e alac hu P aba ka kram Sri Lan E 3C 115
Del C am Siena po Italy 1350 CE
eo
E
0C
50
pl
he G T rea 60 ikal t Ja 0C gu E ar
Megalithic entrance to the kalasasaya mound
Plaza
Megalithic Entrance Aqua claudia, Rome Italy 50 CE
Coloss eum Rome, Italy
79 CE
rch hu eC im nia ips rme CE A 18 6
fS t. Ro Sab Ita me ina 47 ly 0C E
Hr
The stairs here are treated axially, unlike the normal roman cella that have stairs around
St.
e nc nd tra ou en a m ic th say CE ali sa 0B eg la 20 M e ka th to
Pla
no
sta Ve of e ple om m R BCE Te 70
10
0
0C
um ole us ome R BC 28
Te m ple o Ed f Ho 23 Egy fu rus 7B pt CE
No
a ad as eM lac el Pa Isra BCE 0 10
Te les Ele terio 40 usis n 0B CE
ke
ar
M
t e m e nos no. 3 Go n u r 2500BC
n aja Tr of e ts Rom AD 0 11
Wh
40
Kh
iro
kit
00
tem ple a 40 Iraq t Uru 00 k BC
Pla n o 38 Iraq f U r 00 BC
BC
E
Par the Gre non e 447 ce BC
bta P Eg laya ypt
Ca
Giralda ury 12th Cent Sevilla
ia, 40 Cypru 0B C s
ite
Na
rna
cs Fra tone nce s
SQUARE
ien arx dT a an Malta
ntiji
Gga
Pompidou Center Piano&Rogers 1971-1977 Paris
E
meeting hall Banpo, China 4500BC
Ma
rn
e rth
American churches, 301CE
ple at Ir Eridu 540 aq 0B C
Hebridean Blackhouse Islands and Highlands of Scotland Unknown
Tem
zulu indlu, kwazulu-natalr South Afica Unknown
E
E 0BC
Tem
e e-hen g Eng land
Ston
ple
600
s tusa I,Hat ey Turk C B 6000
0BC
800BCE E 0BC
800
75
BC
E
uk y Hu tal key Ca Tur 0BC 0 75
12
oh e Pa njo 26 kist 00 an Da ro BC
Arch
M
Mud brick grannaries Mehrgarh II Parkistan 7000BC
2000BCE
2100BCE
C ha rtr es Ca Fr thed a 12 nce ral 20 CE
y te 26 mpl Sa 6 7B e q C of Zo Eg qara ser yp t
tuar Mor
e/
lex mp co ple apur tem Bish 6CE 26
ch tio An s a yla yri E d ab S 78C erio .B 3 P St e in nt za By
E
n Joh St. of esus n h a Pl Ep rkey Tu 8CE 37
th na ias ra Ka Ello ia Ind 4CE 77
un
h rc hu eC av ay St orw CE N 250 1
St. Gall Sitizerland 800CE
Dome of the ro Jerusale ck m 800CE
L
s au uh sau 26 a B es 19 D 42 19
d
Umayyad Mosque Damascus, Syria 800Ce
Boro bu indo dhur nes 825C ia, E
e oy r av sie S u la b Vil Cor 29 Le 19 issy Po
rg
nastery Samye Mo Dranang Tibet 800CE
oro Jo n g Indo grang nesi 835C a E
squ e of Cor abd a dob l- ra hm a, 848 spain an I CE
o
at M
Gre
800CE
Bo
ion vil he a P o na er R elo n d c r a 29 a Ba ies V 19 lona M rce Ba
Palatine Chapel at Aachen Germany 800CE
idir kha of U aq Ir E C 775
Minaret Great Mosque of Samarra Iraq 851CE
Bakong temple Cambodia 802 CE
ace
kos Tou Li Istanbul bos Turkey 800CE
Pal
ue a tQ Tu ayra n wa 86 isia n 3C E
sq
Mo
Theoto
Plan Mahavihara Nalanda 800CE
Ca s te Ne l de ar l m A on I nd t 12 taly ria e 40 CE
monastery of St. meletios on Mt.Kithaiiron Bazantine period 800CE
Ent ry Sul Port tan al Tur Han 122 key 9CE
ird aw sM Sy adr 12 ria asa 36 CE
AlF
rh iga and h rt C usier ou h C e Corb 962 g i H L 51-1 19
Nor t
p
170 0 C E
San kore M Timb osque, uktu Mali 1200 CE
d din Ca Tu mii N r 122 key igde 3C E
y Fo St. of rch ce hu Fran CE 6 88
yC be
re-D am eo Fra f Reim n s 120 ce 0AD
Sun Temple Konarak India 1200CE
Ala e
Ab
am nch t Ro sier a l pe bu Cha Le Cor 5 195
San
Vra hV ang ishnu lo k Cam or Wat k b 120 odia 0CE
C ti y of Ba I gh 76 raq dad 2C E
Church of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem 300CE
Great Mosque in Djenne Mali, 1200CE
kore M Timb osque, ukt Mali u 1200 CE
300CE
E
iru pa k sh a In te 73 dia mp le 4C E
V
Palace of Pylos Greece 2000 BC
Castillo Chichen Itza Mexico 1200AD
id ram u
Py uf at Kh t Gre o f y p CE Eg 4B 8 25
Knossos Greece 2100BC
citadel, gonur murga, 2000BC
1200 C
La Venta Columbia Mexico 1800BC
lac
le of Ind Kana rk 30 ia BC
15
Pa
mp
Re jas im So he uth sv a 73 India ra 0C E
pe of Em und l mo intoku ia r u b N a The Osak n Japa E 400C
2200
in am-S Nar Syria e of n Palac heaster BC Nort 2200
E
BC
00
15
Te
.3 no os r, en nu m Go 0BC te 0
Cave No.2 Ajanta 400CE
BCE
Kbourer Rou mia Algeria 1900BC
ut
Tem p le a Ind t Aih ole 710 ia CE
Qu ee E nH 14 gyp ats 90 t he ps BC
25
of
rga
ple
Du
m
La Ve Colu nta m Mex bia ico 1800 BC
C 0 0 4 1
E
Timga d,
700C
of Tra jan at 200C Algeri E a
C
Te
irc u la rs un k C en P ara plaz 26 eru l a 00 , BC
nda Nala a at ihar r, India v a Mah Biha 00CE 4
CE
Sho Ise Inne den r Shrine 690CE
200
nish
Cala
lex mp co ing in Y a in Ch 5BC 7 12
ild
bu
Dh ola 26 Ind vi 50 ia ra BC E
alj uy u M Te M aya mple 15 exic 00 o BC
alig hm Sco ents 290 tland 0B CE
ri Ma im ri-L Zim Syria E C 0B 120
and
of
ircle
in c
ce
Mousgum Tolek Chad Cameroon Unknown
7000BCE min
al
ror
Göbekli Tepe Turkey
Urus Reed House Peru Unknown
Ka
ntr
E C 0 0 9
Tongkonan Sulawesi Indoesia
Ganvie Stilt Village Benin Unknown
Ce
g
Adobe House New Mexico Unknown
ma
100
Bedouin Tent Africa Unknown
Yanomami shabono Venezuela Brazil Unknown
Pala
BCE
1000
CE
400
khen Phnom Ba Angkor Cambodia 910CE
Slovenian Hayrack House Slovenia Unknown
Zafimaniry house Madagascar Unknown
BCE
Temple at Samos Greece and the altar of Zeus Pergamon 950BC
Marsh Arab Reed House Southern Iraq Unknown
3000
Plueblo Bonito, 920CE
Batammaliba Roundhouse Togo, Benin Unknown
Mahram Bilqis Yemen
Alai Darwaza gate Qutb Complex Delhi, India 1192CE
u
Temple
The ritual complex, fengch Shannxi Provinc e 800BC
of Amun at Karnak 3200BC Egypt
Wangcheng China Castle 800BC
Qutb Minar India 1192CE
Krac des Chevaliers Dover Castle United Kingdom 1180CE
Trullo Stone house Apulia South East Italy Unknown
TRIANGULAR
le emp ini T Yog raho u usat j Kha dia In CE 900
av i-ni-v f Ran Plan o Stepwell n Pata India CE 1304
Ndebele Painted House South Africa Unknown
Mongolian Ger. Mongolia 600BC
Cha
wa Kub uni Hus nzania f o Ta ce Pala t Kilwa, 00CE a 13
Pantheon Rome 126CE
raiso El Pa ru Pe BC 3500
White Monastery Deir el abiad near suhag Egypt 440CE
yr,
Seagram Building Mies Van der Rohe 1958 New York
CE
B
00
50
m NY Guggenheim Museu Frank Lloyd Wright 1956-1959
Trajectory
te
r to kra to an ple tP o ris tin y e Ch tan ke pir of ns Tur Em E Co ine 00C nt za 10
un
ur
ele
By
Ch
Br
re
tis
Tit he (D Ki e e v s ya an tin Ru a s B R ya sia y u ) za nt 988 ssia Chu in C rch e Pe E rio d
Pyr am
s ille rsa Ve n, au no ria le V d T ouis -1708 L 70 16
le mp i te an India E C 00 10
ba o
Sa Leo nt n 'A Ba nd tt re ista 14 a di Alb 70 M er an ti to va
al m Tin of cco ue ro E sq Mo 00C 10
Mo
T sa rad tsi iti no on 11 m C Kiv 00 ul a CE tu
an Gr
jar
im F. Mu Ge se 19 hry um 97 Bil
CE
Bamiyan Buddha Afghanistan 554CE
chus d B ac in o ple s an t Seg iu Co n stan Turkey 52 7 CE
E C 0 0 9 1
on Ba Pa Bu gon god a 11 rm 02 a CE
Hi
Ra
he
d, ro, gri Cai e ift Sh squ t, ty o p s r M Egy yna d E vid 0C ora 100
ha
Gu gg en
00
zig
p Ba
ide I.M du Lo P uvr 198 ei e Par 9 is
Alm
1
we
11
Az
0 00
Sh
s ge os sV 2 de 161 ce 05- is Pla 16 Par
CE
Al-
Or
Ishtar gate, Babylon, 800CE
w
id dr Ma de ra io va lac Ju Pa ppo 63 i Fil 17
Fr Ro an b k ie 19 Lloy Hou 0 C 8- d W se h ica 191 rig go 0 ht
1300CE St
ve viè ne Ge 757 1 ris Pa
Vir
gin
a eC tat ia S 780 1
ROUND
Ne
Great Mosque of Isfahan Iran 771CE pit
ol
Linear POLYGONAL
ills Suffolk M 1822 usetts Massach
National gallery 1824 London
Crystal palace, Joseph Paxton 1853
Conce rt Viollet hall le Duc 1886
Casa B a t A.Gau lló dí 18 5 2 -1 barce 96 lona
ORDER
Chaitya Hall Vihara
1800CE
Sequence
POLITICAL PURPOSE
INDIAN
Symmetry
PALACE
Early Christianity
The Greek felts that when ratios and proportions were properly applied to both ground plans and elevations, the result would be beauty, perfection and “symmetria” Vertical axis, upper and lower world
Heiarchical
GREEK
Vedic altar he origin of the mandala diagram
CENTRALISED PLAN
EGYPTIAN Church & Cathedral
Tagential
Temple CIRCULATION Height & Hierarchy
GEOMETRY TRIANGULAR
ROUND
HYBRID
RECTANGULAR
SQUARE
POLYGONAL
Section (Pyramid Section: Tip bring him closer to the sun god Re) •Temple of Khonsu (1198BCE) – floor level rises in a series of steps, and the ceiling lowers, until the sanctuary is reached – increased intimacy reflects the intimacy and provides restrictions access except for priest and pharaoh •Temple: housing the gods, important social and political centre, and religious and social focus for the city
GEOMETRY CENTRALISED PLAN
RELIGIOUS PURPOSE
• •Religion: Physical life was only temporary, while the spiritual life was eternal, and thus those monuments to eternity needed to endure
rib vault Notre dame cathedral
Tomb Tomb Plan Contain many chambers + gateway to eternality