2023 Economic & Fiscal Impact Report

2023 Economic & Fiscal Impact Report

Executive Summary

JumpStart Overview

JumpStart is a nationally recognized non-profit organization that serves Ohio tech startups, small businesses and innovative founders through entrepreneurial support services, access to capital and intentional connections to drive economic development focused in Northern Ohio.

The organization exists to enable founders to choose Ohio and thrive in our region, and through their growth, transform the economic outcomes for all. JumpStart addresses the drivers to entrepreneurial success, early stage capital and advisory services that enhance the company and key network connections to unlock the full potential of entrepreneurship. Surrounding entrepreneurs with wraparound services and comprehensive support enables them to overcome challenges, sharpen business skills and solve realworld problems while finding success in Ohio

• CAPITAL JumpStart Ventures invests in high-potential, early-stage technology companies and coinvests with other venture investors throughout the country to increase capital access for Ohio-based startups. JumpStart provides pathways to capital for pre-venture tech startups and small businesses, helping them prepare for capital and connect with opportunities for business-friendly loans and grants.

• SERVICES JumpStart provides personalized business assistance, accelerator programs and industry-specific learning to help entrepreneurs identify gaps, set milestones and achieve growth. These non-dilutive, high-impact services are delivered across a 44-county reach through a network of collaborative partners (see page 5 for partners)

• CONNECTIONS JumpStart leverages an advanced network of partner organizations, service providers, investors, clients and additional resources to help entrepreneurs build successful businesses.

Since 2004, JumpStart has championed entrepreneurship as a catalyst for regional economic development. The organization's legacy of empowering entrepreneurs has helped amplify the direct impact of these startups and small businesses, producing a ripple effect of job creation, taxable income and revenue growth that enhances regional competitiveness.

JumpStart has established a vital network of partners across Northern Ohio and the state, integrating expertise and resources to boost regional success. By convening and supporting this network including providers, investors, and supporters JumpStart plays a crucial role in enhancing the economic impact on communities across Ohio. Through strategic initiatives and intentional opportunities, JumpStart drives progress toward a more inclusive and equitable future. By supplying access to resource connections and support services, JumpStart helps bridge the gaps for many historically disconnected businesses, founders and communities

The Evolution of JumpStart: Marking a Milestone Year

In 2024, JumpStart will celebrate 20 years of entrepreneurial support services and regional economic impact. JumpStart was founded in 2004 to address tech and innovation gaps in Northeast Ohio's economic development by providing technology startups with technical assistance and venture investments. In 2016, the organization expanded its offerings to small businesses.

Today, JumpStart is committed to meeting entrepreneurs – and potential entrepreneurs – wherever they are and is a proud partner of economic development initiatives that strengthen the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem. This evolution in mission intersects with numerous aspects of the organization's work, including:

• VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS JumpStart Ventures invests in early-stage – Seed to Series A – technology startups across Ohio and beyond. The organization currently has $140M under management with plans to deploy $100M+ into early-stage technology startups by 2026 to elevate regional venture capital activity.

• TECH STARTUP SERVICES JumpStart tech startup services include dedicated advisors, high impact accelerators, business and product development resources and critical connections. Since 2004, JumpStart and its 13 partner organizations have supported more than 4,300 high-potential, early-stage tech startups.

• SMALL BUSINESS SERVICES JumpStart's flagship Small Business Impact Program is a staple in the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem. Since 2016, JumpStart has served more than 2,600 small businesses across Northern Ohio Additionally, over 180 Impact Program graduates have accessed significant capital, services and connections to scale their businesses and generate economic growth.

• CORPORATE VENTURE SERVICES JumpStart helps corporations tap into emerging technologies to drive internal innovation and inform corporate strategy. Additionally, the organization helps source startups which solve industry pain points for corporations to partner with and invest in. Its team has sourced 1,350 technologies for corporate partners and assessed 215 technologies for commercial potential.

JumpStart's record of accomplishment delivering successful programs and services to diverse entrepreneurs continues to attract national partners looking to implement targeted initiatives. Investments in collaborative, place-based resources and business assistance reinforce the organization's mission and bridge access gaps for historically disconnected communities.

Building on the momentum of the last 20 years, JumpStart remains deeply committed to its mission, partners and communities as the organization drives progress to a more inclusive and sustainable future. By investing in innovation, supporting entrepreneurship and fostering economic vitality, JumpStart is determined to help Northern Ohio’s entrepreneurial networks thrive for the next 20 years and beyond.

Partnerships Fuel the Future

In partnership with public, private and philanthropic organizations, JumpStart is a vital economic and community development engine and serves as a convener in the Northern Ohio entrepreneurial ecosystem. JumpStart's work is made possible through a diversified funding model, including public investment, philanthropic giving and financial returns.

The organization is the lead applicant for the Entrepreneurial Services Provider (ESP) Program across Northern Ohio. In this role, JumpStart drives public funds, matched with private investment, to the region and helps to align, coordinate and optimize economic impact among the 13 partner organizations:

• Bounce Innovation Hub

• Braintree Business Development Center

• BRITE Energy Innovators

• Case Western Reserve University

• Great Lakes Innovation and Development Enterprise (GLIDE)

• The Manufacturing Advocacy & Growth Network (MAGNET)

• Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED)

• Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI)

• University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF)

• Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI)

• University of Toledo (UT)

• ProMedica

• Mercy Health

This strong provider network serves 44 Ohio counties, focusing on localized economic development to support tech founders and startup companies. The partner organizations, united by a shared commitment to regional growth, leverage their collective strengths to create a framework that delivers tangible results. This report highlights the local impacts of the network, demonstrating how public-private investments in early-stage companies continue to benefit the local economy.

The Ohio Third Frontier (OTF) has been a crucial funding source for JumpStart and other ESP organizations across the State of Ohio. The OTF is a technology-based economic development initiative charged with changing the trajectory of the state's innovation economy, building a more competitive environment for early-stage startups to scale. JumpStart and other ecosystem partners leverage funding by matching state grants dollar-for-dollar with self-sustained funding.

JumpStart Ventures, the venture capital arm of JumpStart Inc., deploys Seed and Series A funding to earlystage technology startups. Applying the principles of venture development, financial returns generated by JumpStart Ventures help increase the outcomes of tech startups and small businesses and accelerate economic impact, strengthening regional competitiveness. JumpStart Ventures portfolio companies are supported by a network of venture funds across the State of Ohio that work with JumpStart Ventures to bring to these companies the continuum of capital they need to succeed.

In this way, the collective economic impact is amplified through JumpStart's strategic partners, including KeyBank, The Cleveland Foundation, Burton D. Morgan Foundation, Cuyahoga County, Stark Community Foundation, the City of Cleveland, the Cleveland Browns, PNC and many others that help further JumpStart's mission and generate significant economic impact across Northern Ohio. The alignment of strategies, resources, expertise and capacity among partner organizations helps ensure every Ohio entrepreneur, regardless of their background, has the resources they need to succeed in the State of Ohio, for the benefit of Ohioans

Increasing Economic Impact of Tech Startups

The impact of technology companies supported by the continuum of regional startup services and capital investment has resulted in increased economic impact year over year. This continued growth is a testament to the region’s robust, interconnected entrepreneurial ecosystem.

In 2023, tech startups served by JumpStart and the network of entrepreneurial support providers directly generated $682 million of economic activity in Ohio. Compared to 2022, the direct economic activity of the tech startups supported by JumpStart and its partners increased 35%. These companies also created and maintained 4,698 direct jobs that support 3,175 households across the state.

The continued economic impact of tech companies contributes to the overall health of the region through job creation, innovation and capital attraction. Growth in this sector is producing an economic ripple effect, particularly in legacy industries critical to Ohio’s growth, including healthcare and advanced manufacturing. As technology startups grow, they foster job creation in high-wage professions, retaining and drawing talent to the region. In 2023, tech startups served by JumpStart and the network of entrepreneurial support providers created and maintained 9,497 total jobs and generated $1.6 billion of total economic activity in Ohio.

The average wages for tech startups supported by JumpStart and its partners have grown significantly. The data from 2023 reveals that startups directly and indirectly supported by regional tech services reported an average salary of $85,611. This is an 8% increase from the average wages reported in 2022 and 7% higher than the average salaries compared to all other companies supported by JumpStart and its partners. The average labor income per job for these companies was also 29% higher than the average for all jobs across the state.1

1 Ohio average labor income per job from 2022 IMPLAN data with inflator for 2023.

The success of these companies bolsters additional economic growth through purchased products and services, capital attraction and new technology spinoff companies. JumpStart’s tech startup services continue to drive outsized economic impact in Ohio’s communities by harnessing the power of our region’s assets.

Economic Impacts of Startups and Small Businesses Supported By JumpStart

JumpStart engaged Silverlode Consulting to estimate the economic and fiscal impact of the companies it serves during calendar year 2023. IMPLAN, one of the most widely used and accepted methodologies for estimating regional economic impacts, was used to complete the analysis.

Companies assisted by JumpStart and its partners were surveyed via Qualtrics, and the data was provided to Silverlode. JumpStart and its partners administered these surveys. The companies surveyed provided the employment, payroll, revenue and other operational data necessary to prepare this analysis.

The 2023 Economic Impact Report provides a detailed analysis of the impact of companies served by JumpStart and its collaborative partners as represented by 31 individual economic impact models. While the full report details the financial impact of many individual segments, including type of business and location, this Executive Summary provides a glimpse into the economic results from three perspectives:

1. TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT The economic impact of the companies served by JumpStart and its partners and of JumpStart alone.

2. TECH STARTUP SERVICES IMPACT The economic impact of Startups supported by JumpStart capital, JumpStart services and JumpStart’s collaborative partners (funded through one of JumpStart’s strategic partnerships).

3. SMALL BUSINESS SERVICES IMPACT The economic impact of Small Businesses supported by JumpStart capital, JumpStart services and JumpStart’s collaborative partners (funded through one of JumpStart’s strategic partnerships).

Subset Economic Impact Models

In addition to the overall economic impact of JumpStart and its partners discussed above, this report also analyzes data through different subset economic impact models or “segments ” Each segment analyzes the economic impact of startups and small businesses by geographic service area, program type, business sector (tech startup or small business) and leadership (total, led by women, led by Black entrepreneurs or led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs).2

It is important to note segments should not be added together since individual companies may be part of more than one model. Instead, each economic model should be viewed as a separate and distinct look at the economic impact of startups and/or small businesses served by JumpStart and/or its partners.

2 For JumpStart Serviced Companies and JumpStart Funded Companies, "led by" is defined as a company which has a cofounder, CEO or President that self-identifies as a woman or as Black or Hispanic/Latino.

Total Economic Impact

Total Economic Impact (JumpStart + Partners)

Startups and Small Businesses served by JumpStart and its partners have an immense economic and fiscal impact on the State of Ohio.

Since 2010, the work of JumpStart and its partners has, directly and indirectly, supported more than $13.3 billion of total cumulative economic activity3

In addition to generating jobs and taxes for communities, technology companies supported by JumpStart and its partners had 1,095 issued patents, 218 provisional patents and 681 pending patents in 20234

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of surveyed companies assisted by JumpStart and its partners in Ohio. Startups and Small Businesses assisted by JumpStart and its partners in 2023, directly and indirectly, supported an estimated $1.7 billion of economic activity and 10,747 jobs in the State of Ohio.

3 JumpStart provided the economic impact estimates for 2010 through 2017

4 According to the most recent survey in calendar year 2023 and all ESP companies.

Total Economic Impact (JumpStart Only)

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of Startups and Small Businesses funded and/or assisted directly by JumpStart, excluding companies assisted solely by collaborative partner organizations. Companies served by JumpStart, directly and indirectly, supported an estimated $1.4 billion of economic activity and 8,473 jobs in Ohio in 2023

JumpStart's Tech Startup Services

JumpStart and 13 partners5 in Northeast and Northwest Ohio provide services to technology entrepreneurs. This section analyzes the economic impact of Ohio tech companies that JumpStart and its partners supported through funding and services in 2023

Total IMPACT Tech Startup s (Ohio)

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of companies receiving tech startup services and funding from JumpStart and its collaborative partners This includes companies that received both business assistance and direct investment as well as those that received only business assistance Companies receiving tech startup assistance from JumpStart and its partners supported an estimated $1.6 billion of economic activity and 9,497 jobs in Ohio.

5 Northeast Ohio ESP Network partners include Bounce Innovation Hub, Braintree Business Development Center, BRITE Energy Innovators, Case Western Reserve University, Great Lakes Innovation and Development Enterprise (GLIDE), The Manufacturing Advocacy & Growth Network (MAGNET), Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF), and Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI). 18 Northwest Ohio ESP Network partners include the University of Toledo (UT), ProMedica, and Mercy Health.

JumpStart Service d Companies

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of tech startup companies receiving business advisory services directly from JumpStart. Companies receiving technical assistance from JumpStart supported an estimated $1.3 billion of economic activity and 7,624 jobs in Ohio.

JumpStart Funded Companies

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of technology companies funded directly by one of JumpStart’s venture capital funds. JumpStart’s active portfolio companies in 2023, directly and indirectly, supported an estimated $910 million of economic activity and 4,940 jobs in Ohio.

Network Serviced Companies

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of companies receiving funding and/or business assistance from JumpStart’s collaborative partners, excluding those companies assisted solely by JumpStart. Companies receiving technical assistance from JumpStart’s partners in 2023, directly and indirectly, supported an estimated $1.2 billion of economic activity and 7,333 jobs in Ohio.

JumpStart’s Small Business Services

This section analyzes the economic impact of small businesses supported by JumpStart in Ohio through funding and/or services in 2023

Small business Services (Ohio)

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of traditional small businesses receiving business assistance services directly from JumpStart. Companies receiving technical assistance from JumpStart supported an estimated $90 million of economic activity and 1,292 jobs in Ohio

Small business Services ( Cuyahoga County )

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of traditional small businesses receiving business assistance services directly from JumpStart in Cuyahoga County. Companies receiving technical assistance from JumpStart supported an estimated $51 million of economic activity and 927 jobs in Cuyahoga County

Small business Services ( Cleveland )

The following table summarizes the estimated economic impact of traditional small businesses receiving business assistance services directly from JumpStart in the City of Cleveland. Companies receiving technical assistance from JumpStart supported an estimated $14 million of economic activity and 356 jobs in Cleveland

Study Methodology

What is an Economic Impact Analysis?

Economic impact analysis comprehensively examines how an organization, industry or event affects a region’s economy. All economic activities create “ripples” in the economy, called indirect and induced effects. These ripple effects are quantified using a methodology known as Regional Input-Output Analysis.

Economic and fiscal impacts can be divided into component parts, which are referred to as direct, indirect and induced. A Direct effect describes an initial change in the economy and is the starting point for economic impact analysis. Changes in an economy create “ripples” of economic activity throughout the region being analyzed, with the ripples being described as indirect and induced effects. Indirect effects represent changes in the industries that provide goods and services to the economic activity being modeled (e.g., suppliers and service providers). Induced effects represent the impact of changes in household spending resulting from the direct and indirect effects. Total impact refers to the final cumulative result of all rounds of direct, indirect and induced activity. The graphic below depicts the ripple effect.

Economic Impac t s

Economic Activity

JumpStart and its partners provide funding and services to companies.

Direct

The supported companies employ people and generate revenue.

Indirect

The companies buy goods and services which create jobs and revenue for the suppliers of goods and services

Induced

Employees of the supported companies and their suppliers buy household goods like groceries, which further creates jobs and revenue.

To further explain this ripple effect, imagine an entrepreneur who owns a fitness studio. She joins JumpStart’s Small Business Impact Program and works with JumpStart mentors to develop her business plan and rebrand her business. The fitness studio subsequently experiences an increase in sales and hires new employees. The entrepreneur’s economic activity (e.g., jobs, payroll, revenue, etc.) are direct impacts If the fitness studio purchases new exercise bikes, the jobs and revenue associated with producing, delivering, etc., the bikes are indirect impacts of the company supported by JumpStart’s services. When the fitness studio’s and bike manufacturer’s employees use their paychecks to buy groceries, the jobs, payroll and revenues resulting from this household spending are the induced impacts from the company supported by JumpStart’s services.

Terminology

The table below provides definitions for terminology included in this report.

Direct

Economic Output

The total value of goods and services produced by the activity being modeled. Output is roughly equivalent to sales or revenue associated with the direct activity.

Indirect and Induced

IMPLAN estimate of the total value of goods and services produced by indirect and induced economic activity. Output often represents sales or revenue associated with this activity.

Jobs

Employees and contractors of companies served by JumpStart and its partners as quantified by survey response data.

Labor Income (Earnings)

Households Supported

State and Local Taxes

Actual wages and benefits associated with direct jobs. Earnings of contractors were estimated based on the earnings of each company’s employees.

IMPLAN estimate of the number of households supported by the economic activity being analyzed.

IMPLAN estimate of all taxes paid to state and local units of government as a direct result of the economic activity being analyzed.

IMPLAN estimate of the number of jobs supported by the purchase of goods and services by the activity being modeled (indirect) as well as by changes in household spending (induced).

IMPLAN estimate of the total labor income (wages, benefits, and proprietor income) associated with the indirect and induced economic activity.

IMPLAN estimate of the number of households supported by indirect and induced economic activity.

IMPLAN estimate of all taxes paid to state and local units of government due to indirect and induced economic activity.

Federal Taxes

IMPLAN estimate of all taxes paid to the Federal government as a direct result of the economic activity being analyzed.

IMPLAN estimate of all taxes paid to the Federal government due to indirect and induced economic activity.

Survey Data

JumpStart administered surveys via Qualtrics to all companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners. JumpStart partner programs/services are defined as any funding and/or business assistance provided to companies by one of the many partner organizations JumpStart works with through its partnership work. All the following criteria (as reported by the companies in 2023) were required for a company to be included in the modeling for this report: a valid industry code, at least one job and either payroll or sales.

A minimum of two companies with modellable data must exist for a model to be run on a specific program, geography and demographic. In instances where a company included enough information to be included in IMPLAN modeling but provided incomplete data (e.g., payroll or revenue was missing), the missing data was estimated by IMPLAN using industry averages.

Of the 1,124 companies which responded to the surveys, 486 (43%) provided sufficient information to be included in the economic impact modeling. Almost all the companies without modellable data are earlystage and do not yet have direct jobs, payroll and/or sales to report. JumpStart will continue to service and survey these companies to measure their growth.

IMPLAN

IMPLAN (Impact analysis for PLANning), one of the most well-respected and widely used methodologies for assessing regional economic impacts, was used to estimate the annual impact of the operating activities of companies served by JumpStart and its partners. 2022 IMPLAN data, the most current data available, was used for this study

IMPLAN is a general input-output model initially developed by the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s and is now one of the most respected and widely used approaches to regional economic impact analysis. IMPLAN is used by more than 1,000 universities, government agencies and consultants to estimate the economic and fiscal impacts of investments and/or changes in one or more industries. Data underlying the IMPLAN model is derived from industry surveys conducted periodically by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and other sources.

Silverlode Consulting

Silverlode Consulting was founded in 2002 by two leaders of EY’s and PwC’s consulting practices. As a national leader in economic impact analysis, Silverlode has helped hundreds of organizations, ranging from non-profit arts groups to multi-national corporations, to measure their impacts on their communities and communicate those impacts to their stakeholders.

By meticulously estimating and effectively communicating the jobs, earnings, taxes and other impacts of projects, the presence of an organization or an investment in a community, our work has helped clients to gain approvals, secure funding and positively shift public opinion. More information about our firm and our work in economic impact analysis can be found on our website at silverlodeconsulting.com.

Areas of Analysis

This report includes an analysis of the impact of companies served by JumpStart and its collaborative partners as represented by 31 economic impact models The models are indicated by program and geography in the table below. A blue box indicates a model where the results are presented in the body of this report. A gray box indicates a model where the results are presented in this report’s Appendix

All models include additional models or “segments” for total companies, companies led by women, companies led by Black entrepreneurs and companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs except for Exited Startup companies (these are modeled only in total) Cleveland Small Business Services and Toledo Small Business Services also include segments for Impact Program Participants. This report includes 111 total segments Segments with fewer than two companies with modellable data have been excluded from this report.

Select geographies are defined as follows:

• NORTHEAST OHIO CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING 21 COUNTIES: Ashland, Ashtabula, Carroll, Columbiana, Crawford, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Holmes, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Portage, Richland, Stark, Summit, Trumbull, Tuscarawas and Wayne.

• THE CITY OF CLEVELAND CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING 18 ZIP CODES: 44101, 44102, 44103, 44104, 44105, 44106, 44108, 44109, 44110, 44111, 44113, 44114, 44115, 44119, 44120, 44127, 44128 and 44135.

• NORTHWEST OHIO CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING 18 COUNTIES: Allen, Auglaize, Defiance, Fulton, Hancock, Hardin, Henry, Lucas, Mercer, Ottawa, Paulding, Putnam, Sandusky, Seneca, Van Wert, Williams, Wood and Wyandot.

• THE CITY OF TOLEDO CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING 14 ZIP CODES: 43604, 43605, 43606, 43607, 43608, 43609, 43610, 43611, 43612, 43614, 43615, 43616, 43620 and 43623.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work Economic Impacts

The impact of all companies supported by JumpStart and Partner programs across Ohio is summarized in this section. JumpStart and Partner programs include all Tech Startups and Small Business programs. Additional details on Tech Startups and Small Business programs are included in the sections below

The impact of six additional geographies (Northeast Ohio, Cuyahoga County, the City of Cleveland, Northwest Ohio, Lucas County and the City of Toledo) have been estimated in response to requests from funders and key community stakeholders. These are included in the Appendix. For each geography, the impact is also modeled for companies led by women, Black entrepreneurs and Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The analysis area in this section is highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

Ohio 6

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners’ services and funding generated an estimated $1.7 billion of economic activity in Ohio. This includes an estimated $523 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $129 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $65 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 10,747 direct, indirect and induced jobs7 in Ohio, 3,293 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 1,282 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 508 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners’ programs and funding had approximately $861 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 7,263 households in Ohio.

Companies that received services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $77 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $190 million in federal taxes in 2023.

6 1,122 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 486 (43%) companies overall, 221 (43%) companies led by women, 143 (48%) led by Black entrepreneurs and 46 (42%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

7 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work , Ohio Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies8 supported by JumpStart and its partners in Ohio by county

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Direct Jobs Created and maintained In Ohio

8 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

JumpStart Total Work Economic Impacts

The impact of startups and small businesses supported by JumpStart programs in Ohio is summarized in this section. Technology companies are served directly by JumpStart through the Northeast Ohio Startup Network9 and the Northwest Ohio Startup Network.10 Small businesses seeking assistance are served directly by JumpStart’s Cleveland Small Business Services, Toledo Small Business Services and Stark County Small Business Services In addition to services provided to companies, JumpStart invests in tech entrepreneurs throughout Ohio and provides capital options, including loans and grants, to small businesses in Northern Ohio.

Additional details on Tech Startups and small business programs are included in the Tech Startups Total Work and Small Businesses Total Work sections of this report. This impact is also modeled for companies led by women, companies led by Black entrepreneurs and companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The analysis area in this section is highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

9 Northeast Ohio ESP Network partners include Bounce Innovation Hub, Braintree Business Development Center, BRITE Energy Innovators, Case Western Reserve University, Great Lakes Innovation and Development Enterprise (GLIDE), The Manufacturing Advocacy & Growth Network (MAGNET), Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF) and Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI).

10 Northwest Ohio ESP Network partners include the University of Toledo (UT), ProMedica and Mercy Health.

JumpStart Total Work –Ohio 11

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart services and funding generated an estimated $1.4 billion of economic activity in Ohio. This includes an estimated $497 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $93 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $61 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart companies supported an estimated 8,473 direct, indirect and induced jobs12 in Ohio, 3,050 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 1,084 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 480 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by JumpStart programs and funding had approximately $662 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 5,727 households in Ohio.

Companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart generated an estimated $61 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $146 million in federal taxes in 2023.

11 848 companies supported by JumpStart in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 410 (48%) companies overall, 201 (48%) companies led by women, 132 (50%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs, and 44 (43%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

12 Direct, indirect, and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart Total Work, Ohio Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies13 supported by JumpStart in Ohio by county

j umpStart Total Work, Direct Jobs Created AND MAINTAINED In Ohio

13 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

Tech STARTUPS Total Work Economic Impact s

JumpStart and its 10 partners14 through The Northeast Ohio Startup Network and three partners15 through the Northwest Ohio Startup Network provide services to technology entrepreneurs. These are two distinct regions but closely connected networks of support organizations These support organizations are partly funded by Ohio Third Frontier and/organized under the Entrepreneurial Services Provider (ESP) Program to support the 21 counties in the Northeast Ohio region and the 18 counties in the Northwest Ohio region This section analyzes the economic impact of Ohio tech companies that JumpStart and its partners supported through funding and services in 2023 Tech Startups Total Work is also modeled in the Appendix for Northeast Ohio, Cuyahoga County, the City of Cleveland, Northwest Ohio, Lucas County and Toledo

Tech Startups Total Work is comprised of the following four segments (companies may fall into more than one segment), the impacts of which are estimated individually in this section for Ohio:

• JUMPSTART SERVICED COMPANIES received business advisory services directly from JumpStart staff in 2023 or earlier.

• JUMPSTART FUNDED COMPANIES received direct investment from one or more of the following JumpStart equity investment funds: Evergreen, Focus, NEXT, and Healthcare Collaboration Fund

• NETWORK SERVICED COMPANIES received services from one or more of JumpStart’s Network partners’ staff in 2023 or earlier.

• EXITED STARTUP COMPANIES were serviced or funded by the ESP Network and/or JumpStart and were acquired or had an IPO in 2023

14 Northeast Ohio ESP Network partners include Bounce Innovation Hub, Braintree Business Development Center, BRITE Energy Innovators, Case Western Reserve University, Great Lakes Innovation and Development Enterprise (GLIDE), The Manufacturing Advocacy & Growth Network (MAGNET), Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF) and Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI).

15 Northwest Ohio ESP Network partners include the University of Toledo (UT), ProMedica and Mercy Health.

Additional models for Northeast Ohio (for JumpStart Serviced Companies, JumpStart Funded Companies and Exited Startup Companies) and Northwest Ohio (for JumpStart Serviced companies and Network Serviced Companies) are included in the Appendix

The impacts for all Tech Startups segments are also modeled for companies led by women, Black entrepreneurs and Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs in all instances where at least two modellable companies exist

The areas of analysis in this section are highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

Tech Startups Total Work –

Ohio 16

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners’ Tech ESP services and funding in Northeast Ohio and Northwest Ohio generated an estimated $1.6 billion of economic activity in Ohio. This includes an estimated $462 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $85 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $55 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 9,497 direct, indirect and induced jobs17 in Ohio, 2,393 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 638 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 314 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $813 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 6,419 households in Ohio.

Companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $73 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $182 million in federal taxes in 2023

16 742 companies supported by JumpStart and its partners’ Tech ESP services and funding in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 285 (38%) companies overall, 77 (32%) companies led by women, 37 (36%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 11 (39%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

17 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

T ech Startups Total Work, Ohio Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by Tech Startups18 supported by JumpStart and its partners in Ohio by county

t ECH Startups Total Work, Direct Jobs Created and MAINTAINED In Ohio

18 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

JumpStart Serviced Companies –

Ohio 19

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart services in Northeast Ohio and Northwest Ohio generated an estimated $1.3 billion of economic activity in Ohio. This includes an estimated $453 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $60 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $53 million of output generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart Serviced Companies supported an estimated 7,624 direct, indirect and induced jobs20 in Ohio, 2,369 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 602 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 312 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the JumpStart Serviced Companies had approximately $631 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 5,153 households in Ohio.

Companies receiving JumpStart services generated an estimated $58 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $142 million in federal taxes in 2023.

19 525 companies supported by JumpStart services in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 245 (47%) companies overall, 84 (47%) companies led by women, 48 (46%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 12 (48%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

20 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart Serviced Companies, Ohio Level Impact Details

JumpStart Funded Companies

– Ohio 21

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $910 million of economic activity in Ohio. This includes an estimated $350 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $25 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $5 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart Funded Companies supported an estimated 4,940 direct, indirect and induced jobs22 in Ohio, 1,620 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 193 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 48 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the JumpStart Funded Companies had approximately $454 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 3,339 households in Ohio.

Companies that received JumpStart funding generated an estimated $39 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $100 million in federal taxes in 2023

21 85 companies supported by JumpStart funding in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 74 (87%) companies overall, 15 (75%) companies led by women, ten (91%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and three (75%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

22 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart Funded Companies, Ohio Level Impact Details

Network Serviced Companies

– Ohio 23

In 2023, companies supported by ESP Network services in Northeast Ohio and Northwest Ohio generated an estimated $1.2 billion of economic activity in Ohio. This includes an estimated $291 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $59 million generated by Black entrepreneurs and $12 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These Network Serviced Companies supported an estimated 7,333 direct, indirect and induced jobs24 in the State of Ohio, 1,733 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 461 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 103 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the Network Serviced Companies had approximately $628 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 4,956 households in Ohio. Companies receiving ESP Network services generated an estimated $57 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $138 million in federal taxes in 2023.

23 669 companies supported by ESP Network services in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 243 (36%) companies overall, 70 (31%) companies led by women, 31 (35%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and eight (33%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

24 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Network Serviced Companies, Ohio Level Impact Details

Exited Startup Companies –

Ohio 25

Exited Companies are companies that were serviced or funded by the ESP Network and/or JumpStart and were acquired or had an Initial Public Offering or IPO in 2023. In 2023, Exited Startup Companies generated an estimated $17 million of economic activity in Ohio.

These Exited Startup Companies supported an estimated 206 direct, indirect and induced jobs in Ohio. The jobs supported by the Exited Companies had approximately $11 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 139 households in Ohio.

Exited Startup Companies generated an estimated $986,000 of state and local taxes in Ohio and $3 million of federal taxes during 2023.

25

Two Exited Companies in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. Two (100%) companies responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

Startup Companies, Ohio Level Impact Details

Small Businesses Total Work Economic Impacts

This section analyzes the economic impact of the small businesses in Ohio which JumpStart supported through funding and/or services in 2023 Small Businesses Total Work is comprised of the following three programs, which are modeled in the specified geographies:

• CLEVELAND SMALL BUSINESS SERVICES (Cuyahoga County)

• TOLEDO SMALL BUSINESS SERVICES (Lucas County)

• STARK COUNTY SMALL BUSINESS SERVICES (Stark County)

The impacts of Total Work with Small Businesses in Northwest Ohio, Cleveland Small Business Services in the City of Cleveland and Toledo Small Business Services in the City of Toledo appear in the Appendix.

The impacts for all small business programs and geographies are also modeled for companies led by women, Black entrepreneurs and Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs in all instances where at least two modellable companies exist. In addition, the impact of Cleveland Small Business Services and Toledo Small Business Services are also modeled for Impact Program Participants.

The areas of analysis in this section are highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

S mall B usinesses Tota l Work

– Ohio 26

In 2023, small businesses supported by JumpStart directly and indirectly generated an estimated $90 million of economic activity in Ohio This includes an estimated $58 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $44 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $10 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These small businesses supported an estimated 1,292 direct, indirect and induced jobs27 in Ohio, 886 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 640 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 193 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by JumpStart’s small business programs and funding had approximately $49 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 873 households in Ohio.

Companies receiving small business services and funding from JumpStart generated an estimated $5 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $11 million in federal taxes in 2023

26 382 companies supported by JumpStart’s small business work in Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 203 (53%) companies overall, 141 (52%) companies led by women, 103 (36%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 35 (44%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

27 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Small Businesses Total Work, Ohio Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by Small Businesses28 supported by JumpStart in Ohio by county

Small Businesses Total Work, Direct Jobs Created AND MAINTAINED in Ohio

28

JumpStart Small Business Services

JumpStart offers technical assistance to small businesses primarily in Cuyahoga and Stark counties, providing free, one-on-one business advising, accelerator programs, events, resource connections and capital access In early 2024, JumpStart sunset its small business services in Northwest Ohio, but existing Toledo-based small business clients are still represented in this report. The KeyBank Foundation, the Cleveland Foundation, the Cleveland Browns and the City of Cleveland support Small Business Services in Cleveland The Stark Community Foundation, Stark Economic Development Board, The Stark County Port Authority, The Gessner Family Foundation, Huntington Bank and CliftonLarsonAllen (CLA) support services in Stark County

Services include:

• ONE-ON-ONE ADVISING – JumpStart offers direct business advisory services, including establishing development milestones and plans for accessing resources and capital.

• IMPACT PROGRAMS – JumpStart offers a 12-week intensive business assistance course three times a year in Cleveland and two times a year in Stark County for revenue-generating businesses. The program focuses on helping entrepreneurs develop financial projections, collaborate with peer companies and craft a capital pitch. The Impact Program culminates in an Entrepreneur Showcase where participants pitch for grant capital prizes.

• EVENTS – JumpStart hosts and sponsors numerous events for entrepreneurs, including educational workshops and networking opportunities

C leveland Small Business S ervices

– Cuyahoga County 29

In 2023, companies supported by Cleveland Small Business Services in Cuyahoga County generated an estimated $51 million of economic activity in Cuyahoga County. This includes an estimated $31 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $18 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs, $2 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and $29 million generated by Impact Program Participants.

These Cleveland Small Business Services companies supported an estimated 927 direct, indirect and induced jobs30 in Cuyahoga County, 609 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 340 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs, 39 with the economic activity of companies led Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and 518 with the economic activity of Impact Program Participants.

The jobs supported by Cleveland Small Business Services programs had approximately $33 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 627 households in Cuyahoga County.

In Cuyahoga County, Cleveland Small Business Services companies generated an estimated $3 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $6 million in federal taxes in 2023

29 271 companies supported by Cleveland Small Business Services work in Cuyahoga County responded to a survey in 2023 153 (56%) companies overall, 105 (54%) companies led by women, 77 (56%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs, 34 (46%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and 67 (88%) Impact Program Participants responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

30 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

C leveland Small Business Services, Cuyahoga County Level Impact Details

Companies Led by Women

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies31 supported by Cleveland Small Business Services in Cuyahoga County by zip code.

Cleveland Small Business Services, Direct Jobs Created and Maint a ined In Cuyahoga County

31 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

Toledo Small Business Services – Lucas

County 32

In 2023, companies supported by Toledo Small Business Services generated an estimated $13 million of economic activity in Lucas County. This includes an estimated $8 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $6 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $11 million generated by Impact Program Participants. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These Toledo Small Business Services companies supported an estimated 147 direct, indirect and induced jobs33 in Lucas County, 106 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 73 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 124 with the economic activity of Impact Program Participants

The jobs supported by Toledo Small Business Services had approximately $7 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 99 households in Lucas County.

Lucas County companies receiving Toledo Small Business Services from JumpStart generated an estimated $555,000 in state and local taxes in Ohio and $1 million in federal taxes during 2023

32 66 companies supported by Toledo Small Business Services work in Lucas County responded to a survey in 2023. 31 (47%) companies overall, 21 (46%) companies led by women, 20 (53%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs, one (50%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and 23 (70%) Impact Program Participant responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

33 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Toledo Small Business Services , Lucas County Level Impact Details

Stark County Small Business Services –

Stark County 34

In 2023, the inaugural year of the program, companies supported by Stark County Small Business Services in Stark County generated an estimated $4 million of economic activity in Stark County. This includes an estimated $4 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women and $3 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies

These Stark County Small Business Services companies supported an estimated 48 direct, indirect and induced jobs35 in Stark County, 46 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women and 38 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by Stark County Small Business Services programs had approximately $2 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 32 households in Stark County.

In Stark County, Stark County Small Business Services companies generated an estimated $164,000 in state and local taxes in Ohio and $434,000 in federal taxes in 2023.36

34 11 companies supported by Stark County Small Business Services work in Stark County responded to a survey in 2023 Five (45%) companies overall, four (67%) companies led by women and four (80%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling. No companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey.

35 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

36 Small Business Services in Stark County launched in Fall 2023.

Stark County Small Business Services, Stark County Level Impact Details

APPENDIX 1: JumpStart + Partners Total Work Economic Impacts

The areas of analysis in this section of the Appendix are highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

– Northeast Ohio 37

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' services and funding generated an estimated $1.3 billion of economic activity in Northeast Ohio. This includes an estimated $411 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $102 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $24 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 8,409 direct, indirect and induced jobs38 in Northeast Ohio, 2,589 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 1,025 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 296 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners' programs and funding had approximately $667 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 5,683 households in Northeast Ohio.

Northeast Ohio companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $60 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $149 million in federal taxes in 2023

37 792 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Northeast Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 375 (47%) companies overall, 175 (46%) companies led by women, 109 (50%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 41 (44%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

38 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Northeast Ohio Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies39 supported by JumpStart and its partners in Northeast Ohio by county

JumpStart + Partners Total Work , Direct Jobs Created and maintained in Northeast Ohio

39 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

– Cuyahoga County 40

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' services and funding generated an estimated $610 million of economic activity in Cuyahoga County This includes an estimated $225 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $44 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $14 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 4,322 direct, indirect and induced jobs41 in Cuyahoga County, 1,582 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 648 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 244 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners' programs and funding had approximately $352 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 2,921 households in Cuyahoga County.

Cuyahoga County companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $27 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $67 million in federal taxes in 2023

40 481 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Cuyahoga County responded to a survey in 2023. 248 (52%) companies overall, 129 (50%) companies led by women, 92 (52%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 38 (45%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

41 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Cuyahoga County Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies42 supported by JumpStart and its partners in Cuyahoga County by zip code

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Direct Jobs Created and Maintained in Cuyahoga County

42 Jobs represented in the map includ e jobs created by modellable companies only

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

– Cleveland 43

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' services and funding generated an estimated $154 million of economic activity in the City of Cleveland This includes an estimated $48 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $6 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $5 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 1,459 direct, indirect and induced jobs44 in Cleveland, 449 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 217 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 112 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners' programs and funding had approximately $138 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 986 households in Cleveland.

Cleveland companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $6 million of state and local taxes in Ohio and $18 million of federal tax in 2023

43 221 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Cleveland responded to a survey in 2023. 118 (53%) companies overall, 64 (50%) companies led by women, 42 (52%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 14 (35%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

44 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Cleveland Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies45 supported by JumpStart and its partners in Cleveland by zip code.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Direct Jobs Created and Maintained in Cleveland

45 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

– Northwest Ohio 46

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' services and funding generated an estimated $51 million of economic activity in Northwest Ohio. This includes an estimated $27 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $7 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $264,000 generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 547 direct, indirect and induced jobs47 in Northwest Ohio, 344 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 105 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and nine with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners' programs and funding had approximately $30 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 370 households in Northwest Ohio.

Northwest Ohio companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $3 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $6 million in federal taxes in 2023

46 220 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Northwest Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 57 (26%) companies overall, 35 (30%) companies led by women, 24 (41%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and two (17%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

47 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Northwest Ohio Level Impact Details

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

– Lucas County 48

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' services and funding generated an estimated $39 million of economic activity in Lucas County This includes an estimated $18 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $7 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $247,000 generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 412 direct, indirect and induced jobs49 in Lucas County, 232 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 99 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and nine with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners' programs and funding had approximately $21 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 278 households in Lucas County

Lucas County companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $2 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $4 million in federal taxes in 2023.

48 175 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Lucas County responded to a survey in 2023 48 (27%) companies overall, 28 (32%) companies led by women, 23 (43%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and two (29%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

49 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Lucas County Level Impact Details

JumpStart + Partners Total Work

– Toledo 50

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' services and funding generated an estimated $22 million of economic activity in Toledo This includes an estimated $7 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $4 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and approximately $166,000 generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart + Partners Total Work companies supported an estimated 267 direct, indirect and induced jobs51 in Toledo, 133 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 66 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and eight with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by JumpStart and its partners' programs and funding had approximately $14 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 180 households in Toledo.

Toledo companies receiving services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $1 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $2 million in federal taxes during 2023

50 124 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ work in Toledo responded to a survey in 2023 34 (27%) companies overall, 19 (31%) companies led by women, 18 (44%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and two (40%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

51 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart + Partners Total Work, Toledo Level Impact Details

APPENDIX 2 : Tech Startups Total Work Economic Impacts

The areas of analysis in this section of the Appendix are highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

Tech Startups Total Work –

Northeast Ohio 52

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' Tech ESP services and funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $1.6 billion of economic activity in Northeast Ohio. This includes an estimated $454 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $82 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $54 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 9,341 direct, indirect and induced jobs53 in Northeast Ohio, 2,304 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 621 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 311 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $803 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 6,313 households in Northeast Ohio.

Northeast Ohio companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $72 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $181 million in federal taxes in 2023

52 641 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ Tech ESP work in Northeast Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 267 (42%) companies overall, 71 (34%) companies led by women, 35 (37%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and ten (45%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

53 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Tech Startups Total Work, Northeast Ohio Level Impact Details

Tech Startups Total

Work –Cuyahoga County 54

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' Tech ESP services and funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $564 million of economic activity in Cuyahoga County This includes an estimated $196 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $20 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and approximately $6 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 3,443 direct, indirect and induced jobs55 in Cuyahoga County, 985 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 207 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 62 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $322 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 2,327 households in Cuyahoga County.

Cuyahoga County companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $24 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $61 million in federal taxes during 2023

54 221 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ Tech Startups work in Cuyahoga County responded to a survey in 2023 98 (44%) companies overall, 25 (36%) companies led by women, 15 (33%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and four (36%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

55 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Tech Startups Total Work, Cuyahoga County Level Impact Details

Tech Startups Total Work –

Cleveland 56

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' Tech ESP services and funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $143 million of economic activity in the City of Cleveland. This includes an estimated $40 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $2 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $3 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

Cleveland Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 1,142 direct, indirect and induced jobs57 in Cleveland, 227 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 93 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 34 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $128 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 772 households in Cleveland.

Cleveland companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $6 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $17 million in federal taxes in 2023

56 98 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ Tech Startups work in Cleveland responded to a survey in 2023 48 (49%) companies overall, 11 (31%) companies led by women, five (25%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and three (50%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

57 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Tech Startups Total Work, Cleveland Level Impact Details

Tech Startups Total Work –

Northwest Ohio 58

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' Tech ESP services and funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $58 million of economic activity in Northwest Ohio This includes an estimated $23 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women and $9 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, there was not enough data provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 536 direct, indirect and induced jobs59 in Northwest Ohio, 247 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women and 104 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs.

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $36 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 362 households in Northwest Ohio.

Northwest Ohio companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $3 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $8 million in federal tax in 2023

58 169 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ Tech Startups work in Northwest Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 33 (20%) companies overall, 14 (22%) companies led by women, six (27%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and one (14%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

59 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Tech Startups Total Work, Northwest Ohio Level Impact Details

Tech Startups Total Work –

Lucas County 60

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' Tech ESP services and funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $30 million of economic activity in Lucas County. This includes an estimated $9 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Black entrepreneurs or companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 276 direct, indirect and induced jobs61 in Lucas County, 122 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women.

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $15 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 187 households in Lucas County.

Lucas County companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $2 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $3 million in federal taxes in 2023.

60 104 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ Tech Startups work in Lucas County responded to a survey in 2023 17 (16%) companies overall, five (15%) companies led by women, one (8%) company led by Black entrepreneurs and one (20%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

61 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Tech Startups Total Work, Lucas County Level Impact Details

9,416,000

Tech Startups Total Work –

Toledo 62

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart and its partners' Tech ESP services and funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $18 million of economic activity in Toledo This includes an estimated $3 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Black entrepreneurs or companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These Tech Startup Companies supported an estimated 193 direct, indirect and induced jobs63 in Toledo, 83 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women.

The jobs supported by the ESP programs and funding had approximately $11 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 130 households in Toledo.

Toledo companies receiving Tech ESP services and funding from JumpStart and its partners generated an estimated $983,000 in state and local taxes in Ohio and $2 million in federal taxes during 2023

62 78 companies supported by JumpStart + partners’ Tech Startups work in Toledo responded to a survey in 2023. 13 (17%) companies overall, four (14%) companies led by women, zero companies led by Black entrepreneurs and one (25%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling

63 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Tech Startups Total Work, Toledo Level Impact Details

JumpStart Serviced Companies –

Northeast Ohio 64

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart services generated an estimated $1.3 billion of economic activity in Northeast Ohio65 This includes an estimated $449 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $59 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $52 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart Serviced Companies supported an estimated 7,554 direct, indirect and induced jobs66 in Northeast Ohio, 2,361 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 592 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 308 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the JumpStart Serviced Companies had approximately $627 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 5,105 households in Northeast Ohio.

Northeast Ohio companies receiving JumpStart services generated an estimated $58 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $141 million in federal taxes during 2023

64 475 companies supported by JumpStart services in Northeast Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 235 (49%) companies overall, 81 (49%) companies led by women, 45 (46%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 11 (50%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

65 JumpStart Serviced Companies include companies located throughout the State of Ohio which are served by JumpStart in Northeast Ohio.

66 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart Serviced Companies, Northeast Ohio Level Impact Details

JumpStart Serviced Companies

– Northwest Ohio 67

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart services generated an estimated $27 million of economic activity in Northwest Ohio68 This includes an estimated $8 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women and $5 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These JumpStart Serviced Companies supported an estimated 277 direct, indirect and induced jobs69 in Northwest Ohio, 101 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women and 88 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the JumpStart Serviced Companies had approximately $17 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 187 households in Northwest Ohio.

Northwest Ohio companies receiving JumpStart services generated an estimated $1 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $4 million in federal taxes during 2023

67 75 companies supported by JumpStart services in Northwest Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 21 (28%) companies overall, eight (33%) companies led by women, seven (50%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and one (25%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

68 JumpStart Serviced Companies include companies located throughout the State of Ohio which are served by JumpStart in Northwest Ohio.

69 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart Serviced Companies, Northwest Ohio Level Impact Details

JumpStart Funded Companies

– Northeast Ohio 70

In 2023, companies supported by JumpStart funding, directly and indirectly, generated an estimated $711 million in economic activity in Northeast Ohio. This includes an estimated $268 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $9 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and approximately $5 million generated by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs.

These JumpStart Funded Companies supported an estimated 3,892 direct, indirect and induced jobs71 in Northeast Ohio, 1,279 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 79 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 48 with the economic activity of companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the JumpStart Funded Companies had approximately $356 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 2,630 households in Northeast Ohio.

Northeast Ohio companies receiving JumpStart funding generated an estimated $30 million in state and local taxes in Ohio and $79 million in federal taxes in 2023

70 60 companies supported by JumpStart funding in Northeast Ohio responded to a survey in 2023 52 (87%) companies overall, nine (75%) companies led by women, four (80%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and three (75%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

71 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

JumpStart Funded Companies, Northeast Ohio Level Impact Details

Network Serviced Companies

– Northwest Ohio 72

In 2023, companies supported by ESP Network services generated an estimated $52 million of economic activity in Northwest Ohio73 This includes an estimated $19 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women and $9 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These Network Serviced Companies supported an estimated 461 direct, indirect and induced jobs74 in Northwest Ohio, 183 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women and 113 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by the Network Serviced Companies had approximately $30 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 312 households in Northwest Ohio.

Northwest Ohio companies receiving ESP Network services generated an estimated $3 million of state and local taxes in Ohio and $7 million of federal taxes during 2023

72 166 companies supported by ESP Network services in Northwest Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 33 (20%) companies overall, 14 (21%) companies led by women, eight (36%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and one (13%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

73 Network Serviced Companies include companies located throughout the State of Ohio which are served by ESP Network Services in Northwest Ohio.

74 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Network Serviced Companies, Northwest Ohio Level Impact Details

Exited Startup Companies –

Northeast Ohio 75

Exited Companies are companies that were serviced or funded by the ESP Network and/or JumpStart and were acquired or had an IPO in 2023. In 2023, Exited Startup Companies generated an estimated $17 million of economic activity in Northeast Ohio.

These Exited Startup Companies supported an estimated 206 direct, indirect and induced jobs in Northeast Ohio. The jobs supported by the Exited Companies had approximately $11 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 139 households in Northeast Ohio.

Exited Startup Companies generated an estimated $981,000 of state and local taxes in Northeast Ohio and $3 million of federal taxes during 2023.

75 Two Exited Companies in Northeast Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. Two (100%) companies responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

Exited Startup Companies, Northeast Ohio Level Impact Details

APPENDIX 3: Small Businesses Total Work Economic Impacts

The areas of analysis in this section of the Appendix are highlighted in orange in the matrix below.

Small Businesses Total Work

– Northwest Ohio 76

In 2023, small businesses supported by JumpStart directly and indirectly generated an estimated $14 million of economic activity in Northwest Ohio. This includes an estimated $9 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women and $7 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These small businesses supported an estimated 163 direct, indirect and induced jobs77 in Northwest Ohio, 120 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women and 90 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs

The jobs supported by JumpStart’s small business programs and funding had approximately $7 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 110 households in Northwest Ohio.

Northwest Ohio companies receiving small business services and funding from JumpStart generated an estimated $651,000 in state and local taxes and $1 million in federal taxes during 2023

76 72 companies supported by JumpStart’s small business work in Northwest Ohio responded to a survey in 2023. 34 (47%) companies overall, 24 (47%) companies led by women, 20 (51%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs and one (33%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

77 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Small Businesses Total Work, Northwest Ohio Level Impact Details

Cleveland Small Business Services –

Cleveland 78

In 2023, companies supported by Cleveland Small Business Services in the City of Cleveland generated an estimated $14 million of economic activity in Cleveland. This includes an estimated $8 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $4 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs, $149,000 generated by companies led by or Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and $8 million generated by Impact Program Participants.

These Cleveland Small Business Services companies supported an estimated 356 direct, indirect and induced jobs79 in Cleveland, 234 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 88 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs, eight with the economic activity of companies led Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and 173 with the economic activity of Impact Program Participants.

The jobs supported by Cleveland Small Business Services programs had approximately $12 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 241 households in Cleveland.

Cleveland Small Business Services companies in Cleveland generated an estimated $589,000 of state and local taxes in Ohio and $2 million of federal taxes during 2023

78 132 companies supported by Cleveland Small Business Services work in Cleveland responded to a survey in 2023 73 (55%) companies overall, 54 (55%) companies led by women, 37 (57%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs, 11 (32%) companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and 31 (91%) Impact Program Participants responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

79 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

C leveland Small Business Services , Cleveland Level Impact Details

The following map depicts the geographic distribution of direct jobs created and maintained by companies80 supported by Cleveland Small Business Services in Cleveland by zip code.

Cleveland Small Business Services, Direct Jobs Created and Maintained in Cleveland

80 Jobs represented in the map include jobs created by modellable companies only

Toledo Small Business Services –

Toledo 81

In 2023, companies supported by Toledo Small Business Services generated an estimated $7 million of economic activity in the City of Toledo This includes an estimated $3 million of economic activity generated by companies led by women, $4 million generated by companies led by Black entrepreneurs and $6 million generated by Impact Program Participants. Unfortunately, not enough data was provided by companies led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs to estimate the impacts of these companies.

These Toledo Small Business Services companies supported an estimated 81 direct, indirect and induced jobs82 in Toledo, 49 of which were connected with the economic activity of companies led by women, 64 with the economic activity of companies led by Black entrepreneurs and 63 with the economic activity of Impact Program Participants.

The jobs supported by Toledo Small Business Services had approximately $3 million of associated annual labor income, including benefits, and sustained an estimated 55 households in Toledo.

Toledo companies receiving Toledo Small Business Services generated an estimated $160,000 of state and local taxes in Ohio and $541,000 of federal taxes during 2023

81 45 companies supported by Toledo Small Business Services work in Toledo responded to a survey in 2023. 22 (49%) companies overall, 14 (48%) companies led by women, 17 (55%) companies led by Black entrepreneurs, one (100%) company led by Latino/Hispanic entrepreneurs and 17 (81%) Impact Program Participants responded to a survey AND provided adequate survey information for modeling.

82 Direct, indirect and induced impacts are only calculable for modellable companies.

Toledo Small Business Services , Toledo Level Impact Details