Growing Hinge by Jun Seong Ahn

GROWING HINGE JUN SEONG AHN

Growing Hinge Thesis Project Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture in the Department of Architecture at Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island

By Jun Seong Ahn Rhode Island School of Design Class of 2016

Approved By:

(Hansy Better, Primary Advisor)

(Emanuel Admassu, Secondary Advisor)

(Anne Tate, Thesis Coordinator)

I would like to thank all the professors, colleagues, and friends who helped, supported, and advised me to successfully finish my undergraduate journey at RISD and continue my graduate degree at Columbia University. The warmth that everyone has shown has made up for all the years in RISD.

I would also like to thank my advisor, Professor Hansy Better who taught me with tremendous effort and fruitful advice that made me stand here today.

Lastly, I would like to special thank my Family who have supported my life. This would have never happened without them. I love you. To Mom, Dad, and Justin

INDEX 8

INTRODUCTION

THESIS STATEMENT

METHODOLOGY

USER

PROGRAM

SITE

SUSTAINABILITY

PROBING OBJECTS

NAVIGATING URBANISM

REDESIGNING BUILT ENVIRONMENT

IMPLEMENT AND PRINCIPLES

EXPANSION AND FUTURE

126

REFERENCES

GROWING HINGE [groh-ing] [hinj]

Growing (adjective) - becoming great in quantity, size, extent, or intensity Hinge (noun) - a jointed device or flexible piece on which a door, gate, shutter, lid, or other attached part turns, swings, or moves Growing Hinge (phrase) - a continuing futuristic development collecting common interests and joining together

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

INTRODUCTION Typhoon occurring at the South Pacific Ocean between Punta Arenas and Antarctica has been famous for submersing boats and infringing numerous human lives. Sailors who survived from the ocean dungeon inform that they have never faced such disasters. They buffeted the waves that were tall as a building, and had to manually control the boat due to engine malfunction. Surviving from these afflictions presented the sailors with a gorgeous landscape view of Punta Arenas and great gratification. Facing unexpected danger and discovery gives sailors new attention and resolve difficulties they confront. In order to claim your thesis as a fruitful project, dangerous journey should be your core movement. Trying to avoid controversy and disadvantageous field is instinctive for human, but you wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be able to learn from avoidance. The voyage will contain innumerable failing progress. But are you a failure if you fail hundred times? Failure is education. Seeking education by tackling various field is a good lesson to enhance your ability to endure and be strong and steady. Therefore, diversity of thought is the foundation for a thesis analysis. One was of thought could be beginning from a common word such as architecture that make a thorough investigation within a sense of mutual threshold. Examining from the word that interests you challenges as a deep investigation to figure out your position. Words can also become an image and be analyzed through connection of material or location. The order between the two methods has no superiority to each other. Success often attends hard work, and thesis is not an exception. Multiple trials and data collection amalgamate into a rigid statement that could support thesis. Is a thesis topic what you have liked to do? Are you tackling a topic that bothered you and want to fix? A successful thesis is a project that articulates your idea and interest, regardless of how neat and organized it is, which brings up a debate, ayes or noes, and questions what architecture is expressed in a thesis.

GROWING HINGE

THESIS STATEMENT

THESIS STATEMENT Major cities nowadays have a well-organized and stabled infrastructure surrounded by various communities. Yet, there are still ongoing issues that don’t adequately reflect the communities anymore. It is important to consolidate people’s interest and construct a strong infrastructure on top of a built environment. My thesis will explore a growing hinge as a way of rethinking city that collects common interest from the communities and solve problem for the city to grow as a continuous development.

Program, user, site, or any other field can be a hinge but is essential to reflect current communities and discover a hybrid formation that is connected by related hinges. A new grid on top of an existing network can guide the cities to a future urbanism where growth is constantly active. With the method of growth through connection on various urban scales, the city will be fluently enlivened through an engagement of the communities in a whole new perspective. Establishing a new zoning code based on the communities’ interest instead of current strict zoning code will ultimately create a growing carpet streaming throughout the whole city.

EXISTING

COMMUNITY

CONNECTION

GROWING

METHODOLOGY

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

METHODOLOGY Past and current urban environment has clustered with communal, economic, and environmental developments. Existing or new developing idea such as sustainability, resilience, technology, or landscape should investigate several primary questions. What is a fundamental element of future urbanism? How does our society impact on our built environments? What kind of mechanism should be revealed to identify the uppermost quality of city development? How and in what purpose should cultural background be a role of context? Questioning these issues can start to change the dynamics of our society to result in a conceptual urban fabric that create both aesthetics and clear infrastructure. Urban or metropolitan areas tend to be a concentration of government, headquarters, movement, economy, and even aesthetics of high-rise buildings. However, most past users read urban fabric as complexity, instead of finding a common language, which was constructed prior to a current trend. Birds-eye view could start to talk about a flow of a city since continuous roads and buildings can be revealed, but our goal is to reveal a flow easily in a human height. With a creative process in urban planning and design, urban structure can start to beyond relationship between public and private, and park and building. Fundamental development for urbanism should include a methodology of connectivity of nodes and challenges to arrive at successful conditions between various tasks. Within the connectivity, analysis of urban development should be constant across city projects that include diagrams such as utopian culture, public connection, and green transportation. Urbanism should no longer have a tail of one word but words with adjectives as mentioned above. Overlapping these meanings can start to frame some principles of urbanism that highlight and mediate architecture, landscape, engineering, and public/private spaces.

Urbanism is a public practice of both political and non-governmental organizationsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; movements, academic associations, and citizens that tend to follow along a current trend of becoming a new, smart, and green society. We want to shape a better community and efficient lifestyle that are based on a framework of energyefficiency, high-technology, and inspirational thought process. These ideas will become the primary principles that can remember context and originality for the next generation. Therefore, diversity of thought is the foundation of an urban mechanism for a thesis analysis that could start from a common word such as architecture, making a thorough investigation within a sense of mutual threshold. A city should have communities by sharing common interests and engage with continuous potentiality by listing their needs. The accumulated layers of needs can be either program or structure that can positively impact the surrounding context and fluently communicate with a society. Re-imagining an existing urban community through collective data and analyses can be layered from industrial or agricultural movement that could advance into pioneering futuristic phenomena. Processes and arrangements of urban design with different scales can start to invigorate fundamental concepts such as infrastructure of city, shaping density of settlements, intertwining between communities through innovative transportation, and undertaking social and environmental factors.

GROWING HINGE

USER

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

USER User is a protagonist that should be able to access to various communal programs and structures. Within an appropriate manner, you should be able to fit in yourself into the word ‘user’ provided by location, culture, history, or any affiliation. Because of the users’ wide range of experience, the strategy of captivating user cannot be described in a straightforward narrative. Their involvement can be enlarged into three notions: inner, outer, and neutral representation. The inner representation of the user relates to a personal background and identity which extensively cover explicit location, program, or humanity through personal exploration within a method of imagination. Outer representation mostly follows the order of society in which politics play an essential role. Material or principle of monuments and structures strongly defines history and typical aspect of the remaining structure, program or space. Lastly, the neutral representation is a mixed interpretation of junction between inhabitation and representation that starts to bring a comprehensive production to reality.

Bike Route Bike Lane Bike Path / Greenway Bike Path with Special Hours On-Street Route

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

22 TRANSPORTATION The main goal of transportation is to give convenience to user by easy access. Either underground or aboveground, cities with high traffic volume and congestion are current cities’ major concern. Transportation can play a significant role especially in metropolitan area where bus, subway, bike, or car sharing is part of citizen’s daily life. But it is also essential to circumspectly plan transportation’s route, time, speed, and even dimension of the road. In average, sustainable transportation such as bike mostly had positive feedback. “The record speaks for itself: Injuries have dropped, dramatically, for everyone on streets where bike lanes have been installed,” said Janette Sadik-Khan, the New York transportation commissioner. This kind of new sustainable transportation not only recovered the city’s variety of movement, but also contribution of zero-carbon emission and reduction of accidents. On the other hand, some transportations have begun creeping into controversial discussion about pollution, limited access, and extravagant route system. Copenhagen city has introduced the ‘cycle superhighway’ with solar-powered lights installed. The highway links all over the city and bring happier and healthier life to people. The bike drive does not only happen in the road but extensively affect to people’s life and close intimacy with neighborhood. Transportation that does not follow sustainable program can really limit its progress towards future-orientated manner. Bike is currently one green movement that does not use fuel but moves by human activity, and more activity means creating a healthier society. Each transportation should have some sort of connection towards clean environment or any activity that is beneficial for human life. Zero-carbon emission is one of the sustainable efforts nowadays, but one day this kind of existing sustainability should become an inevitable duty and search solution for new arising issues in the future.

GROWING HINGE

Is there a possibility that public transportation can become the hub of infrastructure prioritizing over car? How can we succeed this? is there any chance for individual cars to become green and no longer need public transportation?

PROGRAM

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

PROGRAM Program is a group of pursuit in our society which is created from common interest and needs that benefit to a certain group of people. Whether it is anticipated or unexpected, program can be mirrored as a form or area; but program starts from formlessness. The intention of program by users has an influence to make area be suitable of architecture, movement, or green space. If there is a congregation of certain users of common notion without a specific location, the programmatic activity becomes flexible to occur wherever people want it to happen. When a typical program becomes a matter of consequence to the society, form or space for the program starts to play a role that design lies in its capacity to offer better understanding of its process. A diagrammatic concept of program can be illustrated for merely a comprehensive scheme or a form of its plan or section, but cannot abandon both ideas. Program always has to have an understandable context or able to associate with form which could later apply to a specific culture. Besides, there is no central definition for any significant program because it can have diverse meanings by miscellaneous groups. Within usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; cultural environment, they should naturally be protagonists that can successfully accomplish their activities. Form and program of architecture should coherently talk to each other because the relationship of these notions is an essential movement towards city expansion and development. Exemplary form of architecture can start to inspire new structure or program that is related to the form within a circumferential boundary. The expansion has to cherish our needs and deliver innovative perception to design a smart city.

GROWING HINGE

Should program prioritize over user to easily authorize the infrastructure? Or should users have the ability to control program? Is there a flexible solution to create a most efficient program for cities? How important is program to be sustainable?

SITE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

SITE A site having a contiguous network, whether it is physical or mental, incorporates a purpose of the area and apparent means of expression to the society. There should be three mere relationships such as a connection between site and user, site and encompassed program, and site and surrounding framework. At each stage, assumptions and judgements are made that significantly affect past, present, and future findings. There should be a welcoming technique that can not only bring users into the site, but also strategically disperse people to its surrounding circumstances through program of the site. Each site in a city should not be abandoned but gear with other parts through great amount of data collection in order to become a substantial component. With a protracted analytical data collection from the past, contemporary discipline in urban design and planning can start to establish an argument in consideration of cultural, political, and economical background. BROWNFIELD AND BARRIERS TO THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN CITIES Brownfield is a term that simultaneously illustrates a contaminated and unwanted history and having great potential and futuristic idea. The location can be anywhere that has abandoned industrial factories or buildings for couple years or decades. But the redevelopment can be restricted through how much the land has been contaminated in which the costs of cleanup and uncertainty of land value conflicts. The boom of the American technological industry in the 20th century, following the last 18th and early 19th centuries of the industrial revolution in the UK and some of Western Europe, became the kickoff of the US advanced evolution and the creation of brownfield became the drawback of the mechanism. Chapter 4 page 68 of the reading, Recycling the City, implies the past concern the US had as the following statement. The adverse impacts of these global economic changes on property use were made worse by statutes enacted to address communitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; concerns with the threat to health and safety from environmentally contaminated sites.

The study of history of Carroll Camden by the Baltimore Development Corporation (BDC) becomes a starting point of how the investigation could give an economic impact to the society. Collection of quantitative and qualitative data through maps and charts of its environment gave results of relationship between average sales and level of contamination, and average time on market and sale properties in the town. A chronological analysis complimentary to brownfield, within the typical example of the Carroll Camden Industrial District, provide an extensive information that could be redeveloped in respect of social engagement and land use of new sustainable industries. The concept of brownfield should remain undoubtedly flawless in furtherance of environmental and economic development of the brownfield. As declared in the reading ‘What are Brownfields Finding a Conceptual Definition,’ the author advocates that ‘further specifications should be relegated to eligibility definitions that designate legal, programmatic, and funding qualifications.’ There might be some areas that is inflexible of reestablishment due to high-concentrated contamination, but the policy of cost and liability of brownfields converts into an essential role of the redevelopment in the society for further inspection of the brownfields.

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

32 PLANNING Planning should not be seen as a place with buildings, but as a ubiquitous space with all different kinds of programs crossing each other. In order to have these programs to fit it well, elaborate investigation is needed to obtain an essential data. Abundant data with rich resource is one of researcher’s goals for planning. Since data is not an imaginary picture but a real fact, cities are constructing an infrastructure that could collect all kinds of complex data and pursue their goals. In the year of 2014, city of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro held World Cup where people all over the globe came to this city to watch a football game. Dozens of operators from 30 different departments sat in front of screens for all kinds of purposes: weather, security, crowd management, etc. Big event like this can be a great value for the city because it is uncommon for a developing city to become over-populated and Rio de Janeiro had a great opportunity to collect massive information to its data center. Collecting and observing data can be used by the Brazilian government investigating and experimenting for all purpose. Acting as a smart city offers better quality of life. Cities in the United States such as New York and California offer abundant data that can be used by public. Each city has its own requirements and conflicts based on infrastructure, population, topography, etc. By setting up an objective that the cities aim, cities progress towards their goals with quantitative and qualitative methods of statistical principle. Cities’ movement could progress better or stay on a same level, but smart cities with big data have a potential of better-planning of their infrastructure, citizens, and life.

Conceptual example of Alexander Calder’s famous sculpture expressing a united balance

SPRAWL vs COMPACT CITY Sprawl should be a careful process since it has a potential of landscape development and mediates population growth. Even a small increment of an area should be carefully designed and prepared. Vacant landscape is still not being used and also capable of turning into an inhabitable space according to its environmental conditions. But if sprawl method continues for centuries without consideration of an essential dispute, land vacancy will decline and no longer available for development. In order to become a successful city, what is the best to use both sprawl and compact method? For example, the U.S. contains many empty lands for development in which the country is more vulnerable to fall into sprawl, simple method of using land next to a city. Therefore, redeveloping in already built up areas is highly encouraged since an existing structure and program and support growth and activity. In the reading, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Measuring Sprawl and its Impactâ&#x20AC;?[2], sprawl can impact on quality of life such as increased levels of ozone pollution, greater risk of automobile crashes, and depressed rate of walking and transportation use. There should be a wellconvincing method that can help fight over these issues which should start on what the existing city currently has. Cost of deforestation and reclamation should also be deeply considered with the environmental impact that sustainable urban design is necessary. After that, we can start to think what kinds of building, program, and infrastructure could be established on a new site. However, zoning or redevelopment might not be the best solution. Do we want high-rise building? Do we want large building? Do we want a sustainable area? Do we want an innovative space? It depends on needs of people in the society and current and future tasks that we have to tackle, but an imprudent sprawl can be a huge problem for the future.

GROWING HINGE

SUSTAINABILITY

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

SUSTAINABILITY Environmental damage has been a continuing issue for recent decades. Human have had a major opportunity to impact the planetary system as the industrial revolution has introduced to this world. Desertification, deforestation, pollution and global warming is no longer an ignorable subject, but the world is in various countries with different environment laws. All countries should have interconnections with practices of special farming, forestry, and industry by and limiting overuse of environmental resources to improve the nature. But these special movements donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mean the stresses caused by environmental damages is not resolvable. The movements should act as a helper without any depreciation, and representing that sustainable development is now obligatory to resolve problems mentioned. Sustainable development is not a simple play, but should act within the social and cultural needs without losing better quality of life. The development requires the advancement of standards that inspire consumption values that are reasonable to aim a sustainable goal. As the society came up that sustainable design is required for mostly in an urban area, rather than agricultural spaces, both economic growth and sustainable development should simultaneously impartially face towards a goal we are seeking. Direction of human society development, mere investigation on technological improvement, and equal sustainable benefit to both poverty and wellness society should be considered carefully. Poverty and environmental injustice in cities such as illegal housing in mega-cities containing more than 10 million residents is one of the main subjects that sustainable development should also have a foremost political role where equal humanity system is required. What kind of innovating environmental solutions can happen on urban cities? Basic problems that emerge in our society has to be recognized with detailed view in order to keep social justice and ecological regeneration. I think capitalism on major cities inevitably categorizes into rich and poor classes, but sustainable development should not only lose its potential of green economy but also capture equal distribution for all classes. If sustainable development has brought to this world as one of the major

movements, what will be the best way to cluster all kinds of different field that the sustainable movement is no longer a trend, but a natural movement for humankind? Sustainability is constituted by human interaction and needs. The understanding of influences created by our global system leads to a sustainability movement. Sustainability should have multiple definitions because it tackles in many field that sustainability does not act as one article. Strategic urbanism needs a close attention to what our economy and society needs in order to comprehend and develop the future of cities. Many challenges has come to our society, and this kind of circumstances gave us an opportunity to strategically think about sustainable development such as urban garden, public art, and renovation of street life. Coexistence with nature and human is highly needed nowadays after a development of urban civilization and infrastructure. Street trees, bike path, urban gardens, and open markets are examples of what our society chose a direction towards a sustainable development. These movements donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always accomplish as most valuable decisions since environment and preference of various cultures can differ the value of wellness in their own system. But more trials bring us analyze and get closer to our focal point that we think as a successful sustainable city. The city should have a close attention to planning that starts from programmed activities to even tiled walkways. Designing city with creativity and futuristic movements can power urban and sustainable development for a better approach towards environmental planning. What kind of city should we live in? Praising high-rise towers with great urban life is mostly what we think as our current trend that deeply embeds into our culture. Convenient transportation, numerous amenities, neighbors with common interests, and concentrated industry already made us to be naturally adapted to these activities. With an insufficient green movement, urban cities practicing sustainable development should be determined carefully through past, present, and future ideal concepts of the cities. What is a best way to tear down a barrier that blocks poverty from a sustainable

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

38 development in order to create a well-planned urban city? How can we build a sustainable building that could not only preserve but also enhance the environment? Before investigating the phrase ‘sustainable building’, each word should be carefully defined. What does sustainability mean? Normally the word broadly introduces a notion that helps the environment and community with healthier and long-lasting method. But sustainability is more complex than it is introduced. If sustainable movement closely relates to energy, it has changed into a convoluted term that links to diverse fields such as program, site, culture, politics, transportation, and community. The word ‘building’ becomes merely related to sustainability as the fields cluster together and create a micro-city. There might be some ongoing constraints if LEED certificate becomes a mandatory process on new building construction or renovation. Mostly, this is because of certain financial supports from stakeholders or firms in which the building might not be able to fulfill sustainability even though a site could have better capability of being greener. Minority of preservationist argues that the greenest building is having no building by perpetuating nature. But architecture should no longer be rapacious of advantaging human society but should payback any deteriorated effect. Average lifespan of a building can vary from couple years to thousands of years depending on material selection and purpose of a structure. With the exception of monumental purpose, the building should be highly sustainable and more efficient than previously constructed building. For a long-term perspective, in order to have an affordable building the cost of material should be lower that all kinds of industries can apply sustainable method and make not only building but also other objects green. Within a community’s common interest and accommodating abundant buildings with methodologies of great affordability, long-lasting performance, and close adjacency with human will start to communicate along the nature and propose more desirable sustainable objectivity. How can green policy become a major role to become mandatory in law to all reconstructing or newly constructing buildings to help towards a sustainable city?

Cities have been in a development phase and altered through innovative process during the past urban history. Recent years started to bring up modern issues such as global warming, lack of land reclamation, and urban pollution. Sustainable infrastructure became one of the most important schemes that could overcome these dilemmas and lead to a more sustainable community. Yet, not all cities have the same method of curing their own cities in which there should be a close analysis of local environmental policies that influences economy and politics. Every cities have their own meaning of sustainability that articulates diverse infrastructures. Several essential notions such as capacity of citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; authority, political movement, and interests collected from the communities define what a unique sustainable city is. Influences from these notions can lead to specified strength on relationship between public and private sectors. The relationship will need to have various scales of governance by entrepreneur, community, and environment that precisely structures the whole city. Governmental power makes most influential impact in a fundamental relationship of social control that mediates argument and hold citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; direction towards enhancement. Without a central power that controls a whole movement, cities wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be able to sustain individually and conducted by external forces. The act of governance needs a well-structured infrastructure between private and public regions in order to fulfill the control of a whole city. Moreover, attraction and investment in sustainable urban design enhances cities as a matter of common interest gather to one main point; sustainable city. Effort by a government and structure of cities determines whether the idea of sustainability is more needed or not. One city might already be consisted of citizens that mostly uses public transportation which already requires less sustainable transportation, and other city could lack clean environment that is crucial with green energy and urban farming.

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

40 A SIMPLE RECYCLING BEHAVIOR EXPANDED AS A KOREA NATIONAL MOVEMENT I would like to share one successful movement that has started and currently on a major movement in Korea with a typical regulation created by the Korean government. This movement is presented in an article â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Korean Household Waste Management and Recycling Behaviorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that introduces current Korean household recycling and waste management behavior and investigates issues that affect those behaviors. As environmental concerns such as affordability, accessibility, energy efficiency, waste management, and security have increased worldwide, the Korean government mainly recognized that recycling reusable materials from an improperly disposed wastes is expensive, time-consuming and environmentally harmful through immense landfills. In 1995, the government introduced a volume-based waste fee system (unit pricing system) that required every household to purchase certified plastic bags for waste disposal. Since the introduction of this regulation, household solid waste in Korea has been significantly diminished, and domestic recycling has been increased. In 2008, prior to statistical analyses, data collection was made in the city of Korea, Seoul, consisting household members over 18 years old participating in the mandatory unit pricing waste management system. Results from the study suggest that wealthier and older people participate in waste management to reduce waste and recycle more by being more exposed and sensitive to social distresses and economic issues. This implies that more public education will be needed for advertising environmental support to the younger generations and low-income households. With a massively collected data, candidate models were created and numerically analyzed the best outcome for waste management.

Green Container with notification (Waste contained in a certified plastic bag is required)

The recycling policy has a mere consequences with the waste management behavior. A policy is a massively influential guideline that limits peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s act regardless of rich and poor. When a policy applies to a recycling function, no one is privileged and has a responsibility to recycle faithfully, with CCTV (closed-circuit television) installation including a sight of recycling site. The unit pricing system increased the environmental concerns but enhanced their environmental attitudes due to a close strike of householdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s finance. A futuristic city is a place where major movements become main urban infrastructures such as sustainability. With the understanding of the Korea recycling movement, Urban city should not only consider installing green area but also think about how waste from construction of green area could be managed thoughtfully. Mandatory law can play a critical role to control the waste management behavior in terms of environmental policy. Political movement is an essential part of our society and proper introduction to a futuristic life that we yearn for.

Current Wast/Recycling Area

Food waste container with notification and hand waster at the rear (Waste contained in a certified plastic bag is required)

Green container for clothes (left) Blue container for fluorescent light and battery (right)

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

42 FOOD SYSTEMS IN AN URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND PLANNING As urban cities are growing, land for agricultural cultivation need more area to feed growing human population. Understanding our ancient history, agriculture and urbanism started merely at the same time and have had a close relationship each other. Urban city almost became a heart of human interaction and farms treated as outsider and supply depot. Prior to a gigantic supermarket was introduced to cities, markets of grain, meat, and vegetables were divided due to transportation, smell, and interest of users. This kind of separation gave cities to have zones of unique characteristics and had distinctive measure among foods. Still there are markets with numerous types of food for users, but have lost its peerless standing compared to ancient times. People now head towards supermarket where convenient approach to our daily life influenced a lot. Still, people mostly prefer a bread that was made by hand in a local market compared to factory-made sliced bread according to Louise Frescoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s TED announcement because we still know that ancient way of creation feels more authentic and welcoming to our taste than factory production. Furthermore, bread connected to obesity becomes an interesting topic where human now become aware of highly dependence on bread. Whether it came from local or outer province, food stays the same but now changes its style depending on ingredients that are applied and location of manufacturer. Nutrition facts and labels become an important role in the urban society. From the TED video, Carolyn Steel tries to re-conceptualize food system in urban cities that we are no longer living in a utopia but in a Sitopia culture. We know what we know to eat, and now we need to know where it comes from and understand the cycle that happens in an urban city. Understanding the cycle makes our community more sustainable and think deeper with planning the relationship between farm and city. What is the best way to advertise sustainability and food system together? Can food system become simpler and better with enhanced transportation?

HOW TO ENERGIZE CITIES? CLEANER CONVENTIONAL ENERGIES vs RENEWABLE ENERGIES Before discussing the contradiction between conventional energy and renewable energy, the fundamental metabolism of energy usage should be precisely captured in order to investigate deeper understanding of energy for city. A dictionary meaning of energy is an indestructible power available from activities or resources. Since energy cannot be created or destroyed but transferred from other resources or converted to other forms, energy efficiency has been brought up to the table of environmental issues. Resources had seemed infinite and immeasurable but the environmental organizations relatively noticing forthcoming depletion of natural resources recently highly alerted nations worldwide and became a prevailing issue. The NIMBY syndrome mentioned in the article ‘On Public Attitudes Towards Wind Power’ by Soren Krohn & Steffen Damborg introduces an issue of how renewable energy installation negatively impacts people’s residence. Noise and visual disgrace could influence real estate and land investment in large extent in which renewable sources are call eco-friendly but not yet really friendly to nature. Current trend articles urge to install renewable powers with equity and fairness but this method does not prosper towards futuristic cities but only impartially wound the communities. Suggestions and public discussion about landscape, energy price, and annoyance can start to undertake major problems within cities and further on and investigate various solutions that could benefit both the communities and the nature. The design of renewable energy installation and simplification of integrated system will become essential in order to treat the installations truly eco-friendly and companionable to users. Development of technology unquestionably has to correlate with renewable energy applied to sustainable cities. Renewable energy is a term that is generated from cautious counteraction of reckless usage of resource, but how can we bring renewable energy to our society with less construction and management? Construction and management also requires great deal of energy and can this continuing development profit from an ongoing renewable energy?

GROWING HINGE

PROBING OBJECTS

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

PROBING OBJECTS EXPLORATION OF SELECTED OBJECTS

A folding technique resembles a method of combining areas into one cluster of space. This study illustrates a refinement of an architectural space and benefit from connection.

A simple Rubikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cube mixes candidly with sixcolored surfaces within a limited volume.

Coexistence of centrifugal and centripetal forces can create a balanced space where there are affective relationship on every moment.

One leaf is not valued, but a package of leaves are worth of sale.

GROWING HINGE

THESIS BOARD

Mirror can be a tool of discovering new space. Doubling the space can be beneficial, but should be cautious of unintentional sprawl.

The thesis board (18â&#x20AC;? x 94â&#x20AC;?) is assembled with plexiglass grids sized with square inch each with a reflective sheet on the back. Purpose of the board is to demonstrate a complexity and multi-cultural space of cities. Wraping and enclosing grids that have same numbers represent a main method of combining common interest together that in the end grow into clusters of integrated volumes. Yet, an arrangement of the collection also drags other numbers which brings up an issue of unwanted unity. A political and economical task begins to play a major role in a city.

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

REFLECTION MODEL

REFLECTION ON THESIS BOARD Initially setting up cities as complicated and unorganized is a dangerous start to convince the argument of necessity of growing hinge. Assembling numbers randomly can be very critical since cities have been a historically innovative and accommodate great infrastructure that kept human culture systemized. Rather than ignorantly presenting as a complex city, an exploration of what is being an issue in a well-framed city and introducing a method of solving the problem can give a better compelling argument. In order to successively use the word hinge in my thesis, there should be a better investigation and more accurate explanation of how growing hinge can be used in a particular environment. Expressing growing hinge on a plain randomized numbers is complicated in which limiting a scale and focusing on an appropriate situation will be able to perform growing hinge more prominent.

FUTURE OF ARCHITECTURE | ARCHITECTURE OF FUTURE Acknowledging common interest and an effort of searching connection through an extensive masterplan are not an easy task to accomplish. Transition from conventional practice to a modern Roads are still king of movement, but other forms of movement should not be left over. Exisiting infrastructure and historical background is an essential tool to guide further development, but restraint of imagination and unsolved NIMBY effect from a dominated framework could lead to a subaqueous trap. A given fabric are rules and profounded analysis will start to translate city through mechanism of economical, environmental, and political growth. Beginning with what the communities need and orienting toward actual accomodation, the improvement of our society will evolve into a promising utopian community. A truely futuristic city is not conducted through fixed algorithm; itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s one that continuously hinges existing and discovered information.

GROWING HINGE

NAVIGATING URBANISM

NAVIGATING URBANISM GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF MANHATTAN

GROWING HINGE

Since the settlement at the south-edge of the Manhattan Island in 1660, the green space had yielded to human urban development. A warning from the mother nature through global warming and pollution guided city planners to create parks and open green space to attemptly sustain the original nature even the domination of urban fabric. After prioritizing urbanism over nature, the planners have brought up an ongoing issue which is a balance between â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;city and greenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The example of Broadway streetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s green development over time shows the importance of green space and the surrounding influence on users to become part of natural movement. A sustainable building and urban design have an important role towards sustainable future.

VERTICAL EXPANSION OF MANHATTAN

GROWING HINGE

Due to Manhattanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s completely domination of urban planning, vertical expansion has become a reasonable and essential path to bring more citizens and programs to the city. The island is tempting to have two concentrated central of vertical growth. Instead of becoming a one centripetal city, having two gives more flexibility and disperse for a diverse development. Yet, the growth drawing above shows an unresolved issue of growth gap between lower and upper Manhattan. Is Manhattan a truely centrifugal city? The city seems to create two centripetal islands with a remainder left over.

URBAN STRATEGY OF HIGH LINE PARK

GROWING HINGE

High Line Park has known as a successful sustainable project for NYC citizens. Compared to noise complaints and air pollution in the early 20th century, surrounding residencesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; health, environment, and quality of life have substantially enhanced. Moreover, sufficient transportation around the park with a solution of park above ground level helped to bring tourist all over the world embellishing the economy of the surrounding. High Line Park conducted another similar project, Low Line Park, which is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first underground park in the NYC borough of Manhattan. When there is not enough vacant land for development, this kind of attempt for sustainability can occur more often vertically.

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY BOARD INTERESTS CHART (2015)

Manhattan Community Board (measured through frequency of phrases and topics in 2015 discussions)

CB1

Arts & Culture LGBTQ Public Safety, Health (Quality of Life) & Environment (Park/Street/Sidewalk) Senior Issues Economic Development, Technology & Communication Landmarks Preservation Housing / Land Use & Zoning Youth, Education & Libraries Strategic Planning Transportation (Bike) Business, Licenses & Permit

1 0 4 0 3 4 2 4 2 4 4

Total Points (44)

The result is based on frequency of words and resolution on related issues at the twelve Manhattan Community Board we

4 3 2 1 0

Very Important Important Medium Low Interest Not Interested

GROWING HINGE

CB2

CB3

CB4

CB5

CB6

CB7

CB8

CB9 CB10 CB11 CB12 Total Points

1 1 4 0 2 4 4 3 1 4 4

3 0 3 0 3 3 3 3 1 4 4

0 0 4 1 2 2 4 2 2 4 4

4 0 4 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 3

2 0 4 2 1 4 3 3 2 4 2

2 1 4 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 2

1 0 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 2

3 2 4 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 1

2 2 4 3 4 2 4 0 2 4 2

2 0 4 4 4 0 4 3 2 3 4

3 0 4 3 3 2 4 2 3 2 4

24 6 47 24 31 34 40 33 27 43 36

345

ebsites.

In order to thoroughly understand what the community is commonly interested at, looking at past minutes of public discussions and interviews is vital. Collecting datas can inform a sense of what has been highlighted and what is being ignored. Though, their high and low interest can have different meanings. Some community would be interested in transportation because the route is not well-structured, in contrary, other community could be interested in it because of the noise pollution or bike path. Many altered opinions can occur within the communitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; interest and every oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opinion should be carefully considered in order to find a suitable point of common solution.

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY BOARD INTERESTS (2015)

GROWING HINGE

This is an illustration map of Manhattan Community Boardsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; interest based on the previous chart.

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY BOARD 8 COMMON INTEREST

GROWING HINGE

Community Board 8 has been selected as a deeper analysis since the community was highly interest in public safety, health, environment, housing, land use & zoning, and transportation compared to other Manhattan Community Boards. After the investigation, the drawing above shows specific reasons why the community is interested in these categories. The new ‘T Line’ subway on the Second Avenue brought attention to transportation, and dominance of mixed residential & commercial buildings and frequency of solutions solved through public discussions and polls shows people’s economic development for a better quality of life. Lastly, the location of parks at the Community Board 8 are located only at the north and south which does not offer green space to users at the middle of the district. The goal and future of this district is to create a well-sustainable reconstruction plan of the district on top of the existing urban fabric that fulfills and hinges the existing plan and future growth.

REDESIGNING BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Manhattan Community Board 8 (Upper East Side)

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

REDESIGNING BUILT ENVIRONMENT

TYPICAL MANHATTAN BLOCK (MS 167 - ROBERT F. WAGNER MIDDLE SCHOOL) SITE ANALYSIS

GROWING HINGE

The selected urban block is located in the Upper East Side of Manhattan in between E 75th st & E 76th st and 2nd ave & 3rd ave. Vacant spaces on rooftops of the buildings and sports activity courts on street level have a potential of development for different activities or a space for communities. The development will be carefully designed within the zoning regulation and current issues that are happening in the CB8 community. Critically determining the needs and excavating what is lacking in the community through alteration in different scales such as zoning change will fulfill its deficiency.

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

TYPICAL MANHATTAN BLOCK (MS 167 - ROBERT F. WAGNER MIDDLE SCHOOL) VIEWS

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY DISTRICT 8 INTERESTED TOPICS AND NEW ESSENTIAL PROGRAMS

CURRENT & REDESIGNED PROGRAM OF ROBERT F. WAGNER MIDDLE SCHOOL BLOCK

GROWING HINGE

The middle school is solely managed with studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; school activities and after-school sport activities. Urban farm brings student outdoor and experience the importance of food system and health. Yet, these outdoor activities are not well connected with other program or the community. In order to connect these programs and various topics, new programs and partial open-access to public will allow users to flexibly flow into the block with different height experiences. The diagram on the left shows connections of topics in which any program shown on the drawing can become a hinge of annexes.

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

ROBERT F. WAGNER MIDDLE SCHOOL BLOCK MOVEMENT & SURROUNDING ANALYSIS Public O pen Space

Photo Z one

Citibike

Urban Farm

B asketball Court

T ennis Court

O utdoor Activity Z one

Security Point

Parking L ot

M. S. + Senior Program

Subway

E asy Access

Community B oard

Senior Aid Center

B us

Solar Panel

5 min

walk

GROWING GROWING HINGE

Middle School Property Public Space

( restrictable by school regulation)

Senior Program Community Center

St Jeans Community Center

B urden Center For the Aging

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

ROBERT F. WAGNER MIDDLE SCHOOL BLOCK MOVEMENT & SURROUNDING ANALYSIS Public G reen Space Public G reen space for R esidence & Commerce No Public G reen Space within 1 0 min walk radius

GROWING GROWING HINGE

Solar Panel I nstallation E x posure to Sunlight Summer D aylight W inter D aylight

L ow Height R esidence

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

82 Exploration of intervention of space and movement for suitable program and user experience

GROWING HINGE

83 N

EXPLODED DRAWING OF THE SITE

E x p lo d e d D r a w in g A n a ly s is A lte r n a tin g S p a c e N e w

P ro g ra m

G re e n S p a c e U rb a n F a rm S ta ir w a y E le v a to r S o la r E n e r g y H a r v e s t

Different types of program and placement with vertical and horizontal accessibility

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

Carpet diagram reveals a connection of a community among the block. A growing carpet will become a new zoning rule on top of an existing regulation of the city.

GROWING HINGE

IMPLEMENT AND PRINCIPLES

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

World’s Largest Cities and Metropolit

8. New York City

23,630,000

9 . Mex ico City 2 2 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 2 . L agos 2 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 1 . Sao Paulo 2 1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

5 . B eij ing 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 . Shanghai 1 0 . D ehli 2 1 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0

7 . K arachi 2 4 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 3 . Mumbai 2 0 ,7 4 0 ,0 0 0

3 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 6 . Chongq ing 2 0 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 4 . W uhan 2 0 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0

6 . G uangz hou 2 4 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 . Jakarta 3 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

GROWING HINGE

tan Areas over Population of 20 Million (2015)

4 . Seoul / I ncheon 2 5 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0

1 . T okyo / Y okohama 3 8 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 5 . O saka / K obe / K yoto 2 0 ,2 6 0 ,0 0 0

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

Manhattan Common I nterest

50% 5%

Manhattan CB 8 I nterest

Arts & Culture L G B T Q

98%

Public Safety, Health, E nvironment

50%

Senior I ssues

65% E conomic, T echnology, Communication 71%

L andmarks Preservation

83%

Housing, L and Use, Z oning

69%

Y outh E ducation, L ibraries

56%

Strategic Planning

90%

T ransportation ( B ike)

75%

B usiness, L icenses, Permit

( measured through freq uency of topics in discussions and minutes ( 2

0 1 5 ))

GROWING HINGE

G rowing Hybrid Programs

Urban Farming

G reen Market / Stores Sustainability Job

B usiness / Market Counsel

Public Park

L G B T Q Y outh Support

CB 8 B ranch O ffice

Senior + Student Program Senior Center NY FD Art Program

NY FD History E x hibition

8 9 1 0

All-Age Art Competition

High School Councel

B ike Station

V irtual B ike Campaign Smart B ike T echnology

1 1 E ssential Program s

H y b rid Program sE

x tended Program s

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

1100 ESSENTIAL E ssential Principles of HINGE G rowing Hinge PRINCIPLES OF GROWING 1 . D iagonal E levation

D ragging people to upper levels

2 . Circulating L oop ( carpet)

Creating a communication within communities and promoting their city blocks and moreover to a whole city

3 . Sunlight Penetration ( top / side)

Making communal spaces attractive and livable

4 . Sunlight to Street L evel ( setback)

E x tra floors on top of ex isting regulation should have a penetrating facade for sunlight to reach street level

5 . Privacy and Security for R esidential Area R esidential

Community

Commercial

Community may open or share space with commercial area but residential area should always remain private

6 . Public Facilitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Control O ver Community Space

Public Facilities such as public school or government are allowed to restrict adj acent community spaces for special purposes

7 . Attractive Public T ransportation

B orders around subway station, bus stops, or bike station that does not have ex its should open 1 . 0 ~ 5 . 0 FAR minimum of ex it area for common space

8 . Connection B etween B uildings

A connection between community spaces gives advantage of ex tra floors to both buildings for further development

9 . Accessibility to Community Space

Community space above ground level should be accessible to all

1 0 . G reen Sustainability

B uilding with a sustainable program such as urban farm or photovoltaics will be financially supported from the government and should support its block or the community ( energy, food etc)

GROWING HINGE

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY BOARD 8 ZONING REGULATION CUR R EZONING NT Z O REGULATION NI NG R E CURRENT

G UL AT I O N

R esidential D istricts: R8B R8B General Residence Districts

R8B

Lot Coverage ( max )

FAR ( max )

Corner L ot

4 .0 *

I nterior / T hrough L ot

8 0 %

Base Height ( min / max )

Buliding Height ( max )

Required Parking ( min)

5 5 -6 0 ft

7 5 ft

5 0 % of dwelling units

7 0 %

* E x cept in Manhattan Community D istrict 8 where an FAR of 5 . 1 is permitted for community facilities.

Commercial D istricts: C1-9 C1-9 Commercial Districts ( R Lot Coverage ( max )

FAR ( max )

C1-9

commer. resid. 2 .0

Corner L ot

1 0 .0 *

1 0 0 %

I nterior / T hrough L ot 7 0 %

esidential D istrict E q uilivant to R 1 0 )

Street

Base Height ( min / max )

Buliding Height ( max )

Required Parking ( min)

wide narrow

1 2 5 -1 5 0 ft 6 0 -1 2 5 ft

2 1 0 ft 1 8 5 ft

4 0 % of dwelling units * *

* Up to 1 2 . 0 FAR with I nclusionary Housing Program bonus. * * 2 0 % if z oning lot is between 1 0 , 0 0 1 and 1 5 , 0 0 0 sq uare feet; waived if z oning lot is 1 0 , 0 0 0 sq uare feet or less, or if 1 5 or fewer spaces req uired.

7 5 ’ Max B uilding Height

B ase Height: 5 5 ’ min / 6 0 ’ max

Above Max B ase Height, B uilding must be Set B ack at least 1 5 ’ from a Street W all facing a Narrow Street

O pen Areas between Street and W all must be Planted NA

R R O W

R E E T

Street L ine

1 8 5 ’ Max B uilding Height beyond 1 0 0 ’ of a Narrow Street 2 1 0 ’ Max B uilding Height within 1 0 0 ’ of a W ide Street Above the Max B ase Height, B uilding must be Set B ack at least 1 0 ’ ( 1 5 ’ ) from the Street W all when facing a wide ( narrow) street

B ase Height: 6 0 ’ min / 1 2 5 ’ max

B ase Height: 1 2 5 ’ min / 1 5 0 ’ max

Street L ine O pen Areas between Street and W all must be Planted

R R O W

R E E T ST D E W I

E T R E

UL AT I O N

GROWING HINGE

AL T E R ZONING E D Z O REGULATION NI NG R E G ALTERED

R esidential D istricts: R8B-1 R8B-1 General Residence Districts

R8B-1

FAR ( max )

Lot Coverage ( max )

community resididential Corner L ot I nterior / T hrough L ot 2 .0 *

4 .0

1 0 0 %

7 0 %

Base Height ( min / max )

Buliding Height ( max )

Required Parking ( min)

5 5 -6 0 ft * *

1 0 0 ft

5 0 % of dwelling units

* B uilding bridges between blocks’ community facilities should follow the Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges. * * Community facilities should not alter and preserve the current aesthetic of street-faced facade ex cept public buildings ( school etc) .

( AI SC 3 0 3 -1 0 )

Commercial D istricts: C1-9A C1-9A Commercial Districts ( R

C1-9A

* * * *

Lot Coverage ( max )

FAR ( max )

commer. commun. resid. Corner L ot I nterior / T hrough L ot

esidential D istrict E q uilivant to R 1 0 )

Street

Base Height ( min / max )

Buliding Height ( max )

Required Parking ( min)

wide 1 2 5 -1 7 5 ft * * 2 5 0 ft * * * 4 0 % of dwelling units * * * * narrow 6 0 -1 5 0 ft * * 2 1 5 ft * * * B uilding bridges between blocks’ community facilities should follow the Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges. ( AI SC 3 0 3 -1 0 ) * Street-faced facade above 1 5 0 ft ( wide) / 1 2 5 ft ( narrow) should be able to penetrate sunlight to the street level. * * Community facilities that are connected to the other community facilities earns an ex tra 4 0 ft max imum to the max imum buliding height. * * * 2 0 % if z oning lot is between 1 0 , 0 0 1 and 1 5 , 0 0 0 sq uare feet; waived if z oning lot is 1 0 , 0 0 0 sq uare feet or less, or if 1 5 or fewer spaces req uired. 2 .0

2 .0 *

1 0 .0

1 0 0 %

7 0 %

1 0 0 ’ Max B uilding Height B ase Height: 5 5 ’ min / 6 0 ’ max Above Max B ase Height, B uilding must be Set B ack at least 1 5 ’ from a Street W all facing a Narrow Street

R esidential Street-faced Facade should not be changed for Aesthetic and Preservation O pen Areas between Street and W all must be Planted

R R O W

R E E T

Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel B uildings and B ridges ( AI SC 3 0 3 -1 0 )

Street L ine

2 1 5 ’ Max B uilding Height beyond 1 0 0 ’ of a Narrow Street 2 1 0 ’ Max B uilding Height ( 2 5 0 ‘ when community facilities are connected) within 1 0 0 ’ of a W ide Street

B ase Height: 6 0 ’ min / 1 5 0 ’ max

Above the Max B ase Height, B uilding must be Set B ack at least 1 0 ’ ( 1 5 ’ ) from the Street W all when facing a wide ( narrow) street

Street-Faced Facade above 1 5 0 ’ ( W ide) / 1 2 5 ’ ( Narrow) should have a sunlight penetrating facade

B ase Height: 1 2 5 ’ min / 1 7 5 ’ max Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel B uildings and B ridges ( AI SC 3 0 3 -1 0 )

Street L ine O pen Areas between Street and W all must be Planted

R R O W

R E E T ST D E W I

E T R E

RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN | FALL 2015 - SPRING 2016 | THESIS PROJECT | PROFESSOR HANSY L. BETTER BARRAZA | JUN SEONG AHN

Hinges Collecting Common Interest Connection of program can happen without alternation of an existing fabric. An intervention of sharing space and merging programs will start to benefit the whole block and moreover the community.

Senior Center

Middle School

Public Space

Urban Farm

Community Center

All-aged Activities

Job & Manufacture

GROWING HINGE

Universal Connection with Hybrid Program

Marketing Network

EXPANSION AND FUTURE

Robert F. Wagner Middle School Elevation Drawing The drawing shows a connection from ground floor to the 6th floor of the east-commercial building. Urban farm and public park on the rooftop becomes an attractive place.

West Commercial Building (WCB) Section Perspective Drawing Cluster of commercial buildings where there werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t any communication within the group sprouts by connecting through opened wall and staircases. Residential areas remain secured and private.

East Commercial Building (ECB) Section Perspective Drawing A new communal space with a major program, CB8 branch office, in between residential floors and connections to different level of pubic spaces enliven residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; movement within the buliding and naturally welcome visitors.

East Commercial Building (ECB) Two-Point Perspective Drawing In order for an existing building to grow, an integration between an existing grid and a placement of growth should be carefully analyzed in order to consider both horizontal and vertical development.

West Commercial Building (WCB) Two-Point Perspective Drawing Urban farm on the rooftop and stores on the ground floor is a key fact in these buildings. The connection between these two programs can be shown thorugh vertical movement puncturing communal space on the middle of the floors.

Piled Plans of the Middle School Block Plan Drawings (Ground Floor ~ 7F) Plans share the same fabric but contains different spatial experiences. Measurement of user movement and analysis of existing grid is precisely analyzed for a flexible flow.

0’

5’

15’

30’

50’

Robert F. Wagner Middle School Rooftop Digital Collage Rooftop of the Middle School has abundant potentiality of growth and new programs. Imagination of growth envisioning towards the future can be speechless with new discovery.

Urban Farm at WCB Perspective There is a number of working poor including seniors in the district (CB8). Generating jobs especially for these people through new programs, urban farm, will economically help seniors to meet their budgets with healthy working area.

CB8 Branch Office at ECB Perspective Community Centers are always essential to hear residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; voice and solve problem. The office located in between residential floors shows a gesture of easy access and endeavor of facing every single issues.

Senior + Student Program at Middle School Perspective Combining school and senior center provides seniors to keep their mind active and feel love by having young students nearby. Middle school students can learn their interest from seniors who have already gone through professional practices.

Rest Area at ECB Perspective In between clogged floors, a wide-opening space for both residents and visitors gives a new overlook above the urban street level. A moment of pause with disclosure on the route of growing hinge becomes unique.

Flatiron Building Digital Collage Applying new idea to a New York City landmark building is a challenging mission. Preserving its externality as much as possible, the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s common interest based on its location and program should also be applied.

Street level is not the only platform that people

Growing Hinge in between buildings Digital Collage

can move from one building to the other. Elevated paths above the ground could soon become an essential movement within the city.

There are so many restrictions within the existing urban fabric and regulation that should be followed.

What would a city look like if rules werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t created by rigid guidelines but measured by community common interest?

REFERENCE

REFERENCE Boothroyd, R.G. Urban Planning for Emergent Technologies, New Life-styles and a Changing Environment. www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541. WIT Press. 2013 Chandhoke, Neera. Civil Society (Oxford, Taylor & Francis, Ltd, 2007), p.607-614 Vernon, Raymond. Barnet, Richard, J. Does Society Also Profit? (Washington, Washingtonpost. Newsweek Interactive, LCC, 1973-1974), p.103-122 Behrens, Kristian. Duranton, Gilles. Robert-Nicoud, Frédéric. Sorting, Selection, and Agglomeration (Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2014), p.507-553 Stark, Oded. On Slowing Metropolitan City Growth (New York, Population Council, 1980), p.95-102 Tan, K. C. Revitalized Small Towns in China (New York, American Geographical Society, 1986), p.138-148 D-Acci, Luca. Simulating Future Societies in Isobenefit Cities - Social Isobenefit Scenarios (Amsterdam, Elsevier Ltd, 2013), p.3-18 Király, Gábor. Pataki, György. Köves, Alexandra. Balázs, Bálint. Models of (future) society: Bringing social theories back in backcasting (Amsterdam, Elsevier Ltd, 2013), p.19-30 Leon, David A. Cities, urbanization and health (Oxford, International Epidemiological Association, 2008), p.4-8 H, Taubenböck. T, Esch. A, Felbier. M, Wiesner. A, Roth. S, Dech. Monitoring urbanization in mega cities from space (Amsterdam, Elsevier Ltd, 2012), p.162-176 Sills, Jennifer. 2013. China’s Rapid Urbanization, Sciencemag, accessed October 18, 2015, www. sciencemag.org, p.310-311. Linnell, Karina Caparos, J. Serge. De Fockert, Jan W. Davidoff, Jules. Urbanization Decreases Attentional Engagement (Washington, American Psychological Association, 2013), p.1232-1247 Michaels, Guy. Rauch, Ferdinand. Redding, Stephen J. Urbanization and Structural Transformation (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012), p.535-586 Finquelievich, Susana. Urban Social Movements and the Production of Urban Space (London, Sage Publications, Ltd, 1981), p.239-249 Saber, Yomna. 2010. Urban Cultures Of/in the United States : Interdisciplinary Perspectives. (SelfPerception while Walking in the City in Charles Johnson’s Faith and the Good Thing) Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2010. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed October 18, 2015).

Behnisch, Stefan. 2013. Sustainable Design. Towards a New Ethic in Architecture and Town Planning : Towards a New Ethic in Architecture and Town Planning. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2013. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed October 18, 2015). p.14-27 Kaufmann, Hermann. Carola, Fabrizio. Aravena, Alejandro. Smuts, Carin. 2013. Sustainable Design. Towards a New Ethic in Architecture and Town Planning : Towards a New Ethic in Architecture and Town Planning. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2013. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed October 18, 2015). p.60-79, 96-111, 112-127, 160-175 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132310003574 (accessed October 30, 2015) Ewing, Pendall, and Chen (2003) “Measuring Sprawl and Its Impact” Smart Growth America, Executive Summary, p.3-6 Hertzberger, Herman. (2014) “The Future of Architecture” Nao010 Publishers, p.9-10, 49-61, 65-69

Figures p.4

https://bremolympicnlus.wordpress.com/page/38/

p.8

Google Earth Image Capture

p.14

http://www.crafthubs.com/browse?tip=molecule

p.16

http://thriveplus.com.au/business-sustainability-2014/

p.19

http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/climatechange/resources/Pages/topic-03.aspx

p.20

http://energium.kier.re.kr/sub020902/articles/view/tableid/ee_talk/page/6/id/1658

p.24

http://www.reformador.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sin-titulo-de-alexander-calder.jpg

p.46

https://sarahwaurechen.wordpress.com/2013/07/

p.70-73 Photos were taken after a rooftop access grant by Robert F. Wagner Middle School Principal p.108

Photos were taken after a rooftop access grant by Robert F. Wagner Middle School Principal

p.118

Background Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_York_-_Flatiron_ Building_bij_Madison_Square_2-03-2016_14-38-04.JPG

p.119

Background Image: http://citypilates-austin.com/services/corporate

p.122

Background Image: Google Earth Capture