CAUX CONFERENCES 2016 JUST GOVERNANCE FOR HUMAN SECURITY THE HUMAN FACTOR IN JUST GOVERNANCE
12 - 17 JULY, 2016 CAUX, SWITZERLAND 1
A RARE OPPORTUNITY Caux conferences focus on the qualities which undergird effective changemaking. They make the link between the way each of us chooses to live and our impact on society. They offer standards of honesty, purity of motive, unselfishness and love as a guide to personal integrity, and as a goal for society. Participants come from a vast array of cultures, religions and backgrounds. They confer together, and work together in preparing and serving meals. In the safe space of Caux, this creates an unrivalled opportunity for interaction across differences. As such the conferences offer a rare opportunity for understanding world events, their causes – and often how people are working towards solutions. Because Caux brings together people who are committed to ending injustice, healing wounds, building trust, Caux rings with stories of creative individuals making a difference, even amidst tragic circumstances. Many arrive in despair about their situation but, hearing the experience of others, find hope and discover some step they can take. And this often comes from taking time to reflect, a practice which is central to every conference. Caux is set amidst magnificent mountain scenery, overlooking the Lake of Geneva: a perfect setting to step back from the pressures of life, and consider new approaches. From these conferences emerge initiatives which bring people together to respond to situations of injustice and mistrust. This report tells of some such initiatives.
Responses to migration Healing history The skills of trust-building The struggle for just governance Responses to radicalization 21st century challenges Enhancing skills
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Front cover photos: Caux conference centre. Discussion with Susan Savage, former Mayor of Tulsa, Oklahoma (See page 7) 2
SIX WINDOWS ON HUMAN SECURITY The conference aimed to empower each individual to play their unique role in advancing human security. It did so by examining root causes of hostility and conflict, and modelling a values-based response focused on meeting human need. This response was expressed through six windows:
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JUST GOVERNANCE
HEALING MEMORY
Corruption and the abuse of power sow distrust in societies of North and South. Only governance which is accountable to all citizens, minorities and majorities alike, offers a path to lasting peace.
Wounds of history leave their victims with memories which perpetuate conflict, sometimes for generations. They will never be fully healed, but sufficient healing can come to break the cycle of violence.
INCLUSIVE ECONOMICS
SUSTAINABLE LIVING
Vast inequalities in wealth cause resentment. Social cohesion depends on economies which seek to meet everyone’s basic needs, and share wealth equitably.
Global warming threatens to cause massive environmental destruction and a diminished world for future generations. New sources of energy are urgently needed.
FOOD SECURITY
CARE FOR REFUGEES
Feeding the world community will be a major challenge of the coming decades. Without food there will be no peace. Without peace there will be no food.
Mass migration will grow in the coming years, as climate change and other pressures force millions to move. Conflict will only be avoided through a growth in intercultural understanding and compassion.
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Conference participants included 22 Caux Scholars (see page 15) and 25 students of the Institute for Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding summer academy (see page 11).
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RESPONSES TO MIGRATION Many conference participants are taking action in response to the challenge of mass migration. They include refugees who have overcome immense hardships in their flight from conflict. Among the contributions to the discussions were: REFUGEES AS REBUILDERS What can refugees gain from their enforced exile from their home countries? At the Initiatives of Change centre in London, refugees from 11 countries have taken part in a course on ‘Refugees as Re-Builders’. Initiated by Somali refugee Muna Ismael, this course offers training in governance, community building and peace-building. Speaking about the course, Marie-Christine Nibagwire from Rwanda said, ‘The training and the values imparted will enable us to go back and help rebuild our war-torn countries’. This programme has now received a grant from the European Union to develop its work.
ADAPTING TO HOST CULTURE Amina Khalid is Somali. When she was seven, her family escaped war-wracked Somalia, and she found herself in Britain. ‘I experienced racism and discrimination at school,’ she said. ‘I blamed my parents that we had not found the safe haven they promised us. But I stayed silent because I knew the traumatic experience they had gone through.’ An encounter with Initiatives of Change gave her a new approach. ‘I saw the pain of older Somalis, who didn’t understand British culture and expected their children to behave as in Somalia, while the children saw things quite differently. That created discord. With the support of friends I set up an initiative called “Inter-generational dialogue: peace begins at home”.’ This brought the Somali community together in meetings where they could share openly, and understanding grew. ‘When riots broke out in London in 2011, we offered this training to other ethnic communities affected by the riot, and the dialogues spread to other British cities. Now this training is being requested by other countries.’
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Refugees rescued in the Mediterranean
NO PEACE WITHOUT FOOD, NO FOOD WITHOUT PEACE Angelo and Daphrose Barampama were forced to flee Burundi in 1973, and found a home in Switzerland. Angelo became a senior lecturer at the University of Geneva. Recently Daphrose was elected International President of Creators of Peace, and has just ended her term of office. Having retired, they are back in Burundi, launching programmes for sustainable peace. Creators of Peace is an international Initiatives of Change programme which is enabling women to discover how they can contribute to peace in their region. In Mali, peace circles are enabling women divided by conflict to come together to regain peace. This has become a national programme, and is now being adopted by the Justice and Reconciliation Commission as part of its aim of re-uniting a divided country. In Burundi peace circles are enabling men and women to share their experiences during the country’s ethnic massacres, and find healing to the hatreds which underlie continuing attacks. But this is not enough, emphasised Daphrose. ‘In Burundi there can be no peace without food, and no food without peace. So we work for both.’ Her husband Angelo is spearheading action to improve subsistence crops including manioc, and building dry toilets in response to the lack of sanitation.
NGOs AS MULTIPLIERS People have always migrated in search of a better life. Now vast numbers are moving because of conflict. Civil society organizations are the multipliers of UN humanitarian activities. When I was a UN humanitarian affairs officer, 60% of the projects we supported were generated by NGOs. At the same time, we have to resolve conflict at its source; that is the only way to prevent the extent of suffering becoming overwhelming. David Chikvaidze, Chef de Cabinet of the DirectorGeneral of the United Nations Office at Geneva
Amina Khalid
Nataliia Holosova
THE POWER OF STORY Nataliia Holosova is a Ukrainian teacher working to integrate refugee children in Western Ukraine. The war in Eastern Ukraine has forced 2.6 million Ukrainians to flee, either to Russia or Western Ukraine. The children find themselves in new schools, often in a new language, sometimes having lost family members. In doing this work, Nataliia said, ‘We are learning the value of “live histories” as part of the curriculum. History is not always what is in the textbook, but is what people have experienced. Telling their life stories builds understanding and helps integration.’
Noemi Mena
Angelo Barampama
EUROPE’S WAKE UP CALL Across the world, 65 million people are refugees. But we in Europe only hear about the refugee crisis when they knock on our doors. In 2014 the World Food Programme did not have enough money to look after the 1.1 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon, so many came to Europe.This crisis has made us aware of the many refugees outside Europe, and this is convincing our governments that we need to help them. Noemi Mena, Media researcher in migration, Spain
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HEALING HISTORY In many situations, conflict breaks out afresh because the root causes have not been healed. TURKS AND ARMENIANS DISCOVER EACH OTHER Agos, the Armenian newspaper published in Istanbul, carried a 2,000 word article about the ArmenianTurkish-Kurdish dialogue at Caux. ‘Participants discussed the Armenian Genocide, their common past, current situation and ways of reconciliation,’ wrote the author, Varduhi Balyan, an Armenian post-graduate studying in Turkey. ‘They also had the opportunity to hear the stories of “the other” as first-hand accounts.’ A Turkish student wrote: ‘I had some historical notion of what had happened to the Armenians, but I had never realized what it really meant. Personal stories speak in ways mere historical data can never achieve.’ An Armenian student said that she ‘went from believing that peace between Armenians and Turks is absurd to believing that peace could exist between our two nations, or at least between most of our peoples’ . Another Armenian said that he had learnt a lot from hearing how citizens of Tulsa, Oklahoma are working to heal the continuing effects of the 1921 massacre.
Some of the Armenian, Turkish and Kurdish participants
CIVIL SOCIETY – UKRAINE’S GREAT HOPE An urgent challenge facing Ukraine is the need to bridge the divide between Western Ukraine, where people speak Ukrainian, and Eastern Ukraine where many speak Russian. Russia is waging war against Ukraine, and its media exacerbates this divide. In response, a network of Ukrainians have trained in dialogue facilitation and are now in Eastern Ukraine. In the last six months, Oleh Ovcharenko told a Caux workshop, a team of 16 had held 53 dialogues, each lasting up to four days. The UN Development Programme is supporting their work. In many cases the dialogues have brought together Ukrainian soldiers – who come mainly from Western Ukraine – with the local people. Sometimes a change in attitude has been immediately apparent. In one town, when the local people criticized the conduct of the soldiers, their commander gave them his mobile phone number so that they could reach him as soon as there was a problem. Shortly afterwards, the town council invited the soldiers to join them at a celebration in the town. 6
Some have developed a project, ‘History begins in the family’, together with the Bergen-Belsen Memorial Foundation in Germany and the International Youth Meeting Centre in Auschwitz.This is bringing together young people from Germany, Poland and Ukraine to ‘learn lessons of the past in order to connect the unhealed past to the present and future’. Others are collecting the stories of miners in East and West Ukraine, and sharing them across the country through meetings and documentary films.
Oleh Ovcharenko
‘Through this they discover that they have much in common,’ said Oleh. ‘That has brought new understanding and a sense of solidarity to mining families across the country.’
TULSANS CONFRONT THEIR PAST TO ANSWER CURRENT CRISIS Susan Savage was Tulsa’s first female mayor. ‘When I was growing up,’ she said, ‘the 1921 riot was never mentioned. Only later did I learn of the damage done and lives destroyed.’ She was the first elected official to apologize for the horrific event.
Anthony Marshall
John Franklin
One of the bloodiest, least discussed massacres in United States history took place in 1921. In Tulsa, Oklahoma, the white majority turned on the black minority, attacking even from aeroplanes. About 300 people died, and 1,256 houses were destroyed. In a bold move to embrace a painful history and promote honest dialogue, a diverse delegation of 10 Tulsans spoke about this tragedy. They were brought together by John Franklin, who comes from Tulsa and is on the staff of the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington.
‘As I think about just governance and extremism, the word responsibility comes to mind,’ she went on. ‘We will only heal from 1921 through a relentless effort to improve the lives of those affected by this atrocity. Today I serve as CEO for the health centre that was established after the riot, the only place where people of colour could get medical help, and it thrives today. I have to ensure that the work I do promotes justice and equality.’ Many in the delegation had not met before arriving at Caux. Soon after their return home, 125 people met at the Tulsa Historical Society to hear their experience at Caux. The next day a tragic event emphasised the city’s racial challenge when a Tulsa policeman shot and killed an unarmed AfricanAmerican. Since then the delegation have arranged meetings in several areas of the city to which they are inviting people of all races.
First to apologise His father, a historian, co-authored a history text book for schools which included the Tulsa massacre and other episodes in American history in which minorities suffered. Protests erupted, and he received death threats. History teacher Anthony Marshall told of the obstacles he faced in Tulsa when he attempted to teach about the massacre. ‘Many think it was started by a black man assaulting a white girl. That never happened.The truth is that a wealthy black community threatened the white community’s economic power, and possibly their political power. When I wrote this, I was ostracized. But if the truth doesn’t challenge you it won’t change you.’
The delegation speaks in Tulsa on their return
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THE SKILLS OF TRUST-BUILDING How is trust built in situations of intense mistrust? TOWARDS CONSENSUS AFTER CONFLICT Ramadji Beguy from Chad was one of those who helped create a ‘monitoring committee towards peace and reconciliation’ after the 2013 armed conflict between Chad and the Central African Republic. The committee brought together political and civil society leaders from both countries in Yaounde, Cameroon. As an officer at the Swiss Cooperation Office in Chad, Ms Beguy had participated in Caux conferences, and she urged that the committee meet there. ‘We wanted to use the hope that we find at Caux to build trust between our two peoples.’
the ‘Caux Declaration’. At the peace negotiations held four months later in Bangui, nine of the ten armed groups agreed on a process for disarmament, and agreement was reached on a Pact for Peace, National Reconciliation and Reconstruction. The Pact included several of the Caux Declaration’s proposals.
The Caux meeting, which took place in January 2015, was hosted by the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and the Caux Foundation, and co-facilitated by Mauritania’s former Minister of Foreign Affairs. After some days they had reached consensus on a number of steps towards peace, which they expressed in a document they called
Implementation of the agreement is an ongoing struggle, and outbreaks of violence continue. But a measure of trust has been established, and people on both sides are working to strengthen this trust.
Ramadji Beguy
The monitoring committee
Trust forces us to grapple with risk. It involves letting go of our need to control; it requires recognizing our inter-connection with the one we may call “the enemy”. And it means creating safe spaces where the wronged and the wrong-doer feel able to tell their story.
Carl Stauffer, Associate Professor of Justice and Development Studies Eastern Mennonite University, USA 8
FACING UP TO BRITISH WRONG-DOING Monica Spooner is a retired doctor in Scotland. us the chance to complete the unfinished business In 2008 she visited Israel and Palestine. of 100 years ago. ‘I saw the achievement of a Jewish homeland, but discerned great anxiety,’ she said. ‘I saw the pain of the Palestinians, and discovered their anger towards Britain. They felt betrayed by the 1917 Balfour Declaration, in which the British Government promised support for a homeland for Jews in Palestine as long as this did not prejudice the rights of the existing inhabitants, 90% of whom were Arab at that time. Now that homeland is a reality.
‘I met others who felt similarly, and together we launched the Balfour Project. We have been joined by academics, politicians, clergy, aid workers, and have held conferences in British cities and universities.We made a film ‘Britain in Palestine 1917 – 1948’ and screened it in the British Parliament.We are discovering a network of people throughout the country who see in this a way to work towards peace and justice for both Palestine and Israel.’
‘But the Palestinians have no freedom. Studying this history, I realized that we British acted with duplicity, made contradictory promises, and finally washed our hands of Palestine, leaving the Jews and the Palestinians to an undeclared war of domination. We are never taught these shameful episodes. ‘I concluded that next year’s Centenary of the Balfour Declaration needs to shine a light on our responsibility for the IsraeliPalestinian conflict. Honesty could enable Britain to become trusted in the region. It could give
Monica Spooner
UNITING EXILED BURUNDIANS When I was two my family fled to Tanzania to escape genocide in Burundi. For 12 years we lived in a refugee camp amidst frequent violence and robbery. When my father investigated the robberies, he was threatened with elimination. So the UNHCR relocated us to Kentucky in the United States.There the Quakers taught me about peacemaking and conflict resolution. At that time the Burundian community in my town was united, and many took part in classes on Burundian culture.Then the group split, and the classes stopped.Thanks to my training, I was able to bring the young people together again through classes in drumming. Now we have launched ‘Tuvugane’, which means ‘Let’s talk’ as a means of reuniting the whole community. Amos Izerimana, Burundi 9
THE STRUGGLE FOR JUST GOVERNANCE How can everyone help combat corruption, heal divisions and create a governance that is just to all? CHANGE STARTS FROM ME, NOW Last year Leela Mani Paudyal retired as Chief Secretary of the Government of Nepal. He is known widely for his work to clean up Nepal. He launched the Bagmati River Clean-Up mega campaign, which has enlisted thousands of people and removed thousands of tons of rubbish from the river. He is equally committed to cleaning up corruption. In government he worked to ensure integrity in the award of contracts. Often this meant standing up to powerful interests. After he retired he continued, bringing together a team in a small office with one computer. When the team discovered corrupt dealings in the sale of government land, they put the information onto social networks. Within 24 hours, 120,000 Nepalese had responded and the sale was stopped. Paudyal’s approach to life is straightforward. ‘Change starts from me and now,’ he writes. ‘We have to make our society beautiful and liveable, and we will do it with honesty and dedication.There are many things that I can change. If I am not a part of the solution, I am the problem.’
GOOD GOVERNANCE IN KIEV Victoria Vdovychenko, founder, Institute of Policy and Governance, Ukraine Since the 2014 EuroMaidan revolution in Ukraine, when civil society started to be a driving national force, we have seen positive shifts in the struggle to overcome corruption. But there is still far to go. At Caux in 2014 we concluded that if no social group takes responsibility for reform, it will collapse. We realized that young Ukrainians need training in justice, transparency, accountability and civil participation. So we started a School of Good Governance and Democracy. Our first courses this year brought together people from 12 regions of Ukraine. We have also developed a course on the roots of the Cold War, in view of Ukraine’s daunting security challenge, and have presented this in five universities.
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INVESTING IN THE MOROCCAN COMMUNITY Abdallatif Kissami, Director, Corporate Social Responsibility, Managem Group, Morocco
I joined Managem, the Moroccan mining group, after working for UNESCO and the Islamic Development Bank. I went in order to help the company – which operates in six African countries – to develop dialogue with its employees and the communities in which it operates. In Africa mines are often in areas where there are few public services such as schools or hospitals. So the mining company, which creates these services for its employees, is asked to help with the wider need. This situation leads to conflict with the local population, who often consider mining companies as quasi-State organisations. At that time there were no bridges to communicate between the mines and the community. So we have developed a proposal for nine industrial sites in Morocco, which makes employers responsible to contribute to community development, particularly basic services such as education, health and water. We are also deploying this initiative elsewhere in Africa. If it is to succeed, each stakeholder – the community, private companies and the state - has to accept responsibility. This is my mission – to convince employers to understand the benefits of investing in the community. Mr Kissami took part in a side event on relations between private companies and governments in Africa, which interacted daily with the main conference.
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Viktoriia Mryshuk (left) and Maryna Dadinova (right), leaders of the Ukrainian community initiative Switch On, which is bringing together citizens and experts in numerous cities and towns in action to overcome corruption, environmental damage and other matters of community concern. 11
RESPONSES TO RADICALIZATION Violent extremism was a central concern of many participants ALTERNATIVE TO THE TALIBAN Ajmal Khan Zazai is the Paramount Chief of Paktia Province in Afghanistan. His family have always fought for the freedom of their country. As a young man Zazai fought the Russian invasion. Then the Taliban took power, and assassinated his father. Zazai set up a Tribal Police Force to fight the Taliban. He also developed a range of infrastructural projects for the province, secured a USAID grant of $20 million, and offered $6 a day to those who would work on these projects. His aim was to offer the young men of his tribe a viable alternative to joining the Taliban. Over 46,000 responded, and this helped ensure the relative peace and prosperity of Paktia province.
SOCIAL MEDIA’S ROLE
CONFRONTING BOKO HARAM
Hiwa Osman, a former BBC producer and then media advisor to Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, said that social media has a crucial role in defeating ISIS. ‘We spent nearly $10 billion on media in Iraq,’ he went on, ‘but one tweet from ISIS made people flee major cities.’ He is working to enable both the media and citizens to respond effectively. ‘In the Middle East 139 million people are using social media. Their phones have cameras. No longer is the media a one-way communication. Everyone can undermine propaganda through passing on accurate information.’
Gali N’Gothe Gatta MP, a senior member of Chad’s Parliament, said that civil society has a vital role in defeating Boko Haram. ‘The strategies of our governments and the international community focus on the extremists. But what are we in civil society doing? The Lake Chad region is providing many fighters for Boko Haram as a result of local problems which can best be resolved by civil organisations.
Hiwa Osman
Oleksiy Matsuka
Also speaking was Ukrainian TV anchor Oleksiy Matsuka. His courage in exposing corruption in the war-torn region of Eastern Ukraine led to threats, and his house and car were set on fire. Canadian Journalists for Free Expression presented him with the International Press Freedom Award.
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‘Radicalization stems from a lack of cooperation between the government officials, the traditional leaders and the young, which has left young people feeling marginalized. It only becomes visible when people receive weapons and commit terrible human rights abuses. Sadly, some members of our security services sell them weapons. Boko Haram has become an industry which is making a fortune for some, including people in our governments. ‘To stop the flow of people and resources to Boko Haram we need a strategy which brings together the governments and NGOs of Chad, Nigeria and Cameroon.This is what I am working for.’
21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES The conference examined some of the major challenges which will confront the world community during the next 30 years. Among them are: FOOD SECURITY Over the next 70 years, population increase means that the world will have to produce as much food as has been produced in the last 10,000 years. This startling statistic was presented by Dr Ed Mabaya, Assistant Director of the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development in the USA. He pointed out that we have to increase food production in a changing global climate, where new crop diseases, droughts and floods are disrupting agriculture. ‘This is what keeps me awake at night’
Dr Mabaya, who is also an Aspen Fellow, grew up on a smallholding in Zimbabwe, and devotes himself particularly to the needs of small-scale farmers. He established and coordinates the Seeds of Development Program, which is making good quality seed available to these farmers across Africa.
SEA-LEVEL RISE Climate change researcher Kristin Weis led a session on responses to sea level rise. The International Organization for Migration and the UN University state that this will probably force up to 200 million people to leave their homes by 2050. She told of many responses to this situation, including experiments with floating homes and the creation of artificial reefs to protect coastlines from wave surges.
CONFRONTING DISEASE Global warming is spreading diseases such as malaria into new regions, adding to the urgency of finding prevention and cure. But often improved health comes from simple actions, such as teaching children to wash their hands before eating. This is not easy where there is no piped water. In India, the rural development programme Grampari at Asia Plateau, the Initiatives of Change centre, is tackling this challenge. Its Director, Jayashree Rao, described how they had inspired villagers to create ‘tippy taps’ – an easily-constructed hand-washing facility which can be set up in a school or the public area of a village. Nearly 1,000 of these devices are now in use in the rural area surrounding Asia Plateau. And Grampari visits schools regularly, teaching hundreds of pupils each month about the importance of hand-washing as a means of reducing disease.
With a mixture of traditional methods and new technology, he believes that catastrophe can be averted. Many African countries are now putting large resources into agricultural research, with impressive results. ‘Soil quality has now been mapped widely across the continent,’ he said. ‘If we know that sorghum grows well in a particular region of Botswana, for example, we can recommend it for an area of similar soil quality in Senegal.’
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ENHANCING SKILLS Advancing human security demands many skills. The conference offered opportunities to heighten some of them. UNITED NATIONS MEDIATION Enrico Formica, Senior Mediation Officer at the Office of the Director General, UN Geneva, has mediated disputes in and between numerous countries, especially in the Middle East. He outlined approaches to mediation which have proved effective, giving many examples.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Among the participants from 20 African countries were a delegation from Mali, Chad, Niger, Mauritania and Nigeria sponsored by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Many of them stayed on for a 3-day workshop on conflict resolution led by the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva in partnership with the FDFA.
WIN-WIN OUTCOMES FOR ALL Dr John Carlisle, formerly of Sheffield Business School, UK, led an exercise, Red-Blue, which explored the idea of moving from a win-lose competitive orientation to a win-win cooperative approach. Participants discovered strategies which led to positive outcomes for all in a negotiation, and several said that this had dramatically changed their approach to resolving problems.
NEGOTIATION
ETHICAL GOVERNANCE Several workshops focused on how to work for heightened ethical standards in governance. From India, Ravindra Rao, Director of the Initiatives of Change conference centre Asia Plateau, described courses in ethical governance at Asia Plateau for senior officers of the Indian Civil Service, business managers and NGO leaders. From Ukraine, Mykola Khavroniuk, Director of the Centre for Legal and Political Reform, outlined how they are training government officers in methods of defeating corruption. Others are tackling the challenge by exposing wrongdoing. Zimbabwean Farai Maguwu has set up the Centre for Natural Resource Governance in Harare, as a platform from which civil society is exposing corruption in resource extraction, and proposing improvements.
Paul Gutteridge from Britain led sessions on the skills of negotiation. With a background in coaching, facilitation and nonverbal communication, he has worked extensively with NGOs, governments and the private sector. 14
In a workshop on ethical governance, US academic Christian Golden pointed out a crucial challenge to governance in the USA: ‘In a society with a history of slavery and segregation, black and white Americans have very different experiences of the criminal justice system’.
THANK YOU - MERCI - شكرا- DANKE धन्यवाद - GRACIAS - MAZVIITA
This year, as every year, we have received immense help with the conference. May we give our heartfelt thanks to the individuals and organizations who have advised us, co-hosted, chaired and facilitated events, partnered with us and arranged special events, sponsored individuals and groups, donated towards the costs of the conference, or donated their talents, and who have supported initiatives emerging from the Forum. They include: The Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the AE Center for Mediation and Dialogue Process in Northern Africa, John Carlisle, the Caux Artists Program, the CAUX-Initiatives of Change Foundation, the Caux Scholars Program, the Institute for Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding, Frédéric Chavanne, David Chikvaidze, Vincent Conus, Creators of Peace International, Enrico Formica, John Franklin, Gali N’gothe Gatta, Pascal Gemperli, the Human Security Division of the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs, Initiatives of Change International, Initiatives of Change in India, Sweden, Norway, Cameroon, Nigeria, Australia and UK, Prof Katherine Marshall, Ruth Mackenzie, Tanja Mirabile, the city of Montreux, Taras Mykhalniuk, the Next Century Foundation, the Irene Prestwich Trust, Cornelio Sommaruga, Matthias Stiefel, Kathy Taylor, the UN Library Geneva, Samira Kumba Usman, the Silvia Zuber Fund, and other too numerous to name individually.
Shon Abegaz, John Bond, Marianne Spreng and all the Just Governance for Human Security team
The 2016 Caux Scholars helped with many aspects of the conference. They are seen here with other participants, celebrating 25 years of the Caux Scholars Program
Mohamed Gure, Somali peacemaker Last year Somali Member of Parliament Mohamoud Mohamed Gure spoke at Caux on his work in reconciling warring factions in Somali. In May this year he was assassinated by Al Shabab. We pay tribute to him, and to all who are working for peace and cooperation in Somalia. 15
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